During this interview, Mrs. Kurosu alternately speaks in both English and Japanese. As a result, the English translation of the transcript contains [Jpn.] and [Eng.], which indicate whether the original dialogue was spoken in Japanese or English.","extent":"00:01:40","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-118-22","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":116,"namepart":"Marian Asao Kurosu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tomoyo Yamada"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"June 23 & 24, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Marian Asao Kurosu narrator \nTomoyo Yamada interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer","download_large":"denshovh-kmarian-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-56-389","model":"entity","index":"6 3481/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-389/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-56-389/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-389-mezzanine-453edc4338-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-389-mezzanine-453edc4338-a.jpg"},"title":"U.S. Firm on Japanese Ban. Answer on Exclusion is Made Public. Washington Regards Incident as Closed by Hughes' Note Denying Violation of Treaties With Japan. (June 19, 1924)","description":"The Seattle Daily Times, June 19, 1924, pp. 1, 13, 14","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-56-389","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Seattle Times Company"}],"topics":[{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Anti-immigration sentiment","id":"178"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"periodical","creation":"June 19, 1924","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Seattle Times Company publisher","download_large":"ddr-densho-56-389-mezzanine-453edc4338-a.jpg"},{"id":"521","model":"narrator","index":"7 3482/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/521/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/521/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/siwao.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/siwao.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/521/interviews/"},"display_name":"Iwao Peter Sano","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 9, 1924, in Brawley, California. Grew up in Brawley until the age of eleven, when family decided to send him to Japan to be adopted by an uncle and aunt. Attended school in Japan and was conscripted into the Japanese military. After Japan surrendered, was captured as a prisoner of war and held in Siberia for three years. Eventually returned to the United States."},{"id":"ddr-njpa-4-1822","model":"entity","index":"8 3483/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-4-1822/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-4-1822/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-1822-master-fb9eabafcb-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-1822-master-fb9eabafcb-a.jpg"},"title":"Korekiyo Takahashi and Mineo Osumi","description":"Caption on reverse [translation]: \"Navy Minister Osumi meets with Minister of Finance. Emphasis on establishment of national defense policy. Minister Osumi visited Takahashi, Minister of Finance, at the Ministry of Finance at 2:30 p.m. on the 12th. Minister Osumi explained the plan for a secondary supply and the improvement of weapons. Additionally, he explained in detail the need to establish a national defense policy and talked about the national defense policies of other great powers. He emphasized the completion of a national defense over the general living standard in Japan because of the emergency situation of Japan. The navy and army should prioritize the completion of a national defense. They mainly discussed the problems of national defense and the financial problems, but they also discussed other problems. The photograph shows 1, the Minister of Finance after the meeting.\"","extent":"3W x 2H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-4-1822","format":"img","language":["jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Takahashi, Korekiyo"},{"namepart":"Osumi, Mineo"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Tokyo, Japan","creation":"1931-1936","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Takahashi, Korekiyo \nOsumi, Mineo","download_large":"ddr-njpa-4-1822-master-fb9eabafcb-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-4-831","model":"entity","index":"9 3484/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-4-831/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-4-831/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-831-master-fd6cb49f85-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-831-master-fd6cb49f85-a.jpg"},"title":"Otohiko Matsukata waving at Tokyo Station","description":"Caption on reverse [translation]: \"Japan-America goodwill mission representative Otohiko Matsukata arrived in America. To move past the diplomatic crisis of 1935-1936, Foreign Minister Hirota is preparing to mend friendship between Japan and America. As one part of this plan, the ambassador to America and others suggested Hirota send Otohiko Matsukata, who graduated from Harvard University with President Roosevelt and had a close relationship with the President, who still asks after him sometimes, to America. Kentaro Kaneko, who has power in American diplomatic circles, also urged the Foreign Minister [?] to send Matsukata to America. Matsukata, who has been lying low in Hayama for seven years since the economic panic of 1927, left for America on the 12th on the Esha-go, which departed from Yokohama Bay. The picture shows (1) Mr. Matsukata at Tokyo Station.\"","extent":"1.5W x 2H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-4-831","format":"img","language":["jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Matsukata, Otohiko"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Tokyo, Japan","creation":"c. 1934","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Matsukata, Otohiko","download_large":"ddr-njpa-4-831-master-fd6cb49f85-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-19-29","model":"entity","index":"10 3485/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-19-29/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-19-29/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-19/ddr-pc-19-29-mezzanine-67c6ea2ca9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-19/ddr-pc-19-29-mezzanine-67c6ea2ca9-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 25 No. 2 (July 19, 1947)","description":"Selected article titles: \"House Committee Clears Way For Debate, Vote This Week On Evacuee Claims Proposal\" (p. 1), \"Senate Passes Amendment to Soldier Brides Act. Will Permit Entry Into U.S. of 'Ineligible Alien' Spouses of American Servicemen\" (p. 1), \"JACL Committee in Japan Discusses Assistance to Nisei\" (p. 1), \"Real Estate Operator's Plan For Exclusion of Minorities Condemned by Civic Leaders\" (p. 2), \"War Department Aide Denies Rumor of Possible Seizure of Assets of Japan Nationals\" (p. 2), \"Illinois Firm Freezes Supply of Soy Sauce. Unable to Account For Presence of Arsenic in Product\" (p. 2), \"Source of Arsenic Poison Remains Mystery as Stocks Quarantined By Authorities\" (p. 3), \"Integration or Assimilation? Dilemma for the Nisei\" (p. 5), \"Survivors of Hiroshima Atom Blast Return to Seattle Home\" (p. 6), \"Hawaii Strike Issues Will Be Resubmitted to Negotiation\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-19-29","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"July 19, 1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-19-29-mezzanine-67c6ea2ca9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-29-15","model":"entity","index":"11 3486/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-29-15/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-29-15/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-15-mezzanine-d06baf91dd-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-15-mezzanine-d06baf91dd-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 44, No. 15 (April 12, 1957)","description":"Select article titles: \"CL renews Hawaii statehood plea: Far East aspect of U.S. foreign policy would be strengthened by admission\" (p. 1); Canadian Nisei patato grower protest dumping of U.S. spud surplus in Canada\" (p. 1); \"100 Million in Japan by '64 May 'Blow off Roof'\" (p. 2); \"San Jose-Okayama become sister cities\" (p. 2); \"Jefferson Blvd. Rezoning flight briskly stopped at city hall\" (p. 3); \"Dilemma of Nisei parents subject of next Chicago series\" (p. 4); \"Nisei scientist reports discovery of virus leading to loss of eyesight\" (p. 6); \"JACL representation made for return of wartime sequestrated property; Senate reminded $65 million involves Japanes\" (p. 8); \"Kishi visit of U.S. planned June 19-21\" (p. 8); \"First Nisei applicant for Canada financee aid told\" (p. 8); \"Three Japanese named to Japan-American Society board of directors in D.C.\" (p. 8)","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-29-15","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics -- Hawaiian statehood","id":"236"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Jose","id":"274"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Hawai'i","id":"277"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture -- Farming","id":"345"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Journalism","id":"360"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Medicine","id":"364"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Japanese Canadians","id":"200"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Redress and reparations","id":"110"},{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) -- Lobbying and implementation of findings and recommendations","id":"115"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"04/12/1957","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-29-15-mezzanine-d06baf91dd-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-28-49","model":"entity","index":"12 3487/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-28-49/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-28-49/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-49-mezzanine-1b6eba3bd1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-49-mezzanine-1b6eba3bd1-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 43, No. 23 (December 7, 1956)","description":"Selected article titles: \"FBI chief tells personal stand on evacuation\" (p. 1), \"Saturday evening post editorial fears strong Nisei tie with Japan\" (p. 1), \"Delegate-elect Burns names Nisei to be administrative ass't in D.C.\" (p. 1), \"Evacuation claims award procedure explained by gov't\" (p. 1), \"100th Infantry veterans urge immediate statehood for Hawaii\" (p. 2), \"Telling 'Nisei story' before civic, church groups best public relations act\" (p. 3), \"Memorial for American who helped mold future of Hokkaido planned\" (p. 3), \"Nagamatsu of Sanger elected CCDC chairman, mass installation held\" (p. 5), \"Narcotics enforcement officer recalls only one case of Japanese addict in state\" (p. 5), \"Gilroy Hot Springs case draws comments from Minnesota editor, moral issue method\" (p. 6), \"Hillings favors boost in Japanese refugee quota\" (p. 8), \"L.A. Nisei Republicans urge U.S. admit separated family kin from Japan\" (p. 8).","extent":"11.5W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-28-49","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics -- Hawaiian statehood","id":"236"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ohki, Ed"},{"namepart":"Wada, Yuri"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Iseri, Mat"},{"namepart":"Murayama, Tamotsu"},{"namepart":"Miyake, Michael M."},{"namepart":"Tajiri, Larry S."},{"namepart":"Antoku, Yoshitaro"},{"namepart":"Kadowaki, Joe"},{"namepart":"Kawamorita, Eiji J."},{"namepart":"Satow, Masao"},{"namepart":"Yamasaki, Mas"},{"namepart":"Sakahara, Dan"},{"namepart":"Tamura, George"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry"},{"namepart":"Toyama, Thomas"},{"namepart":"Nagamatsu, Tom"},{"namepart":"Miyano, Lily"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Elmer"},{"namepart":"Kajikawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Chikuma, Bill"},{"namepart":"Mori, Henry"},{"namepart":"Maruyama, Mike M."},{"namepart":"Nishikawa, Roy"}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"December 7, 1956","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Ohki, Ed \nWada, Yuri \nHosokawa, Bill \nIseri, Mat \nMurayama, Tamotsu \nMiyake, Michael M. \nTajiri, Larry S. \nAntoku, Yoshitaro \nKadowaki, Joe \nKawamorita, Eiji J. \nSatow, Masao \nYamasaki, Mas \nSakahara, Dan \nTamura, George \nHonda, Harry \nToyama, Thomas \nNagamatsu, Tom \nMiyano, Lily \nOgawa, Elmer \nKajikawa, Bill \nChikuma, Bill \nMori, Henry \nMaruyama, Mike M. \nNishikawa, Roy","download_large":"ddr-pc-28-49-mezzanine-1b6eba3bd1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-189","model":"entity","index":"13 3488/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-189/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-189/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-189-mezzanine-7056cbc0a1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-189-mezzanine-7056cbc0a1-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Masao Okine to Mr. and Mrs. S. Okine, March 30, 1946, [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Masao Okine to his parents, Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine. He writes from Japan where he is stationed as a Nisei soldier. In the letter, he writes about his duties in Japan, driving a truck. He also writes about the illness of his brother, Makoto, who is also stationed in Italy as a Nisei soldier. He informs that he has been trying to help his father to receive the military family allowance which Seiichi Okine has not received since they moved out from the camp. The letter is mailed via San Francisco by the U.S. Army Postal Service. The arrival date, Aprils 10, 1946, is recorded. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: oki_02_33_001","extent":"3 pages, 10 x 6.75 inches, handwritten; 1 envelope","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-189","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Okine, Masao"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"Military service -- Postwar occupation of Japan","id":"199"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- 442nd Regimental Combat Team","id":"89"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Japan","creation":"3/30/1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okine, Masao author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-189-mezzanine-7056cbc0a1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-253","model":"entity","index":"14 3489/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-253/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-253/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-253-mezzanine-934939e48b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-253-mezzanine-934939e48b-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Natsue Okine to Seiichi Okine, May 6, 1948 [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Natue Okine in Itsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan to her uncle and aunt, Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine. She writes that they are going to start harvesting wheat soon in Japan. She thanks for the cloth that Tomeyo sent to her and informs her that she has made her clothes by using it. In the letter, she expresses her desire to immigrate to the U.S. The letter is resealed with the tape, \"OPENED BY MIL. CEN. CIVIL MAILS,\" and stamped with \"C.C.D. J-2903\" by the Civil Censorship Detachment. The arrival date of the letter, June 28, 1948, is recorded on the backside of the envelope. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: oki_02_83_001","extent":"2 pages, 8 x 6.75 inches, handwritten; 1 envelope","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-253","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Okine, Natsue"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Military service -- Postwar occupation of Japan","id":"199"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hiroshima, Japan","creation":"5/6/1948","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okine, Natsue author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-253-mezzanine-934939e48b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-121-4","model":"entity","index":"15 3490/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-121-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-121-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-121/ddr-densho-121-4-mezzanine-c0d46e1ff3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-121/ddr-densho-121-4-mezzanine-c0d46e1ff3-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen Vol. 21 No. 23","description":"Selected article titles: \"Chicago Nisei Lieutenant Finds Mother, Brother Alive in Atom-Bombed City of Hiroshima\" (p. 1), \"New Escheat Case Filed by State in Fresno County\" (p. 1), \"Japan Occupation Ineffective Without Nisei GIs, Says Moore\" (p. 1), \"Aged Evacuee Hangs Self at Tule Lake Center\" (p. 1), \"Anti-Nisei Boycott Dropped By Los Angeles Market Union\" (p. 1), \"Child Found Murdered at Tule Lake Camp\" (p. 1), \"Women Fined for Assault On Issei Man\" (p. 1), \"Transport Sails With Evacuees For Hawaii\" (p. 2), \"Repatriates Permitted to Take Securities Back to Japan\" (p. 2), \"Minor Age Deportees Will Be Permitted to Return to U.S.\" (p. 3), \"Canadian Government Plans To Deport Alien Repatriates, Review Cases of Citizens\" (p. 3), \"Navy Barracks Provide Housing For Evacuee Group\" (p. 3), \"Saskatchewan Will Take Share of Canadian Evacuees\" (p. 3).","extent":"1435W x 2035H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-121-4","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","creation":"8-Dec-45","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-121-4-mezzanine-c0d46e1ff3-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-381-113","model":"entity","index":"16 3491/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-381-113/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-381-113/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-381/ddr-densho-381-113-mezzanine-3e93e87910-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-381/ddr-densho-381-113-mezzanine-3e93e87910-a.jpg"},"title":"Leaflet dropped by enemy planes in Tachikawa city and Hachioji","description":"Caption: Leaflet dropped by enemy planes picked up in the vicinity of Tachikawa city and Hachioji. (Tachikawa,Hachioji homen e tekiki jo yori sampu seru bira)\r\nYour leaders are prevaricators\r\nOn the broadcasting network on the 14th a Japanese critic quoted Lt. Kurihara (SG) declaration that the Japanese forces caused enormous damages in the U.S. task force attacking Formosa. However, regardless of this fact he said that the U.S. may bomb Japan in the future. No matter how much your leaders may prevaricate Lt. Kurihara knowing that the war situation cannot be altered tried to vindicate himself in saying that the powerful U.S. forces will bomb Japan proper in the future. These planes are from the aircraft carriers that your leaders asserted as being sunk off Formosa. From these facts it should be clear that not even a single aircraft carrier was sunk.","extent":"6.5W x 4.75H","links_children":"ddr-densho-381-113","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Ishikawa, Koyo"}],"topics":[{"term":"Japan -- During World War II","id":"164"},{"term":"World War II -- Propaganda","id":"426"}],"format":"img","language":["eng","jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ishikawa, Koyo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"Tokyo, Japan","creation":"1942-1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ishikawa, Koyo photographer Ishikawa, Koyo","download_large":"ddr-densho-381-113-mezzanine-3e93e87910-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-303","model":"entity","index":"17 3492/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-303/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-303/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mhikaru-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mhikaru-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Hikaru Morohoshi Interview","description":"Kibei Nisei male. Born October 4, 1915, in Stockton, California. As a young child, sent to Japan to live with grandparents and attend school. Returned to California at age eighteen, and drafted into the U.S. military. Discharged from the army after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, Washington, and the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. Answered \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and was transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving Tule Lake, lived in Maryland and Florida before eventually returning to California.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:17:01","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-303","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":516,"namepart":"Hikaru Morohoshi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008g37k","namepart":"Morohoshi, Hikaru Johnny"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"September 2, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hikaru Morohoshi narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Morohoshi, Hikaru Johnny 88922nr008g37k","download_large":"denshovh-mhikaru-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-92","model":"entity","index":"18 3493/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-92/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-92/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-trudy-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-trudy-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Rudy Tokiwa Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born July 7, 1925, near San Jose. Grew up in Salinas, California, until he went to Japan at the age of thirteen. Studied in Japan until about 1939. Incarcerated at the Salinas Assembly Center, California, and Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Volunteered out of camp to serve in the U.S. military. Fought in Europe as a battalion runner for the all-Japanese American 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Single-handedly captured a group of German officers, fought in the famous \"Battle of the Lost Battalion,\" and was present at the liberation of Bruyeres. Was recruited to lobby Congress for passage of the 1988 Civil Liberties Act as a representative for Nikkei veterans, and proved invaluable in garnering support among particularly resistant members of Congress.
(This interview was conducted at the 1998 Americans of Japanese Ancestry Veterans National Convention, held in Honolulu, Hawaii.)","extent":"05:46:21","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-92","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":92,"namepart":"Rudy Tokiwa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Judy Niizawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery/Larry Hashima"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr011tw3j","namepart":"Tokiwa, Kazuo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"July 2 - 3, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Rudy Tokiwa narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nJudy Niizawa interviewer \nMatt Emery/Larry Hashima videographer Tokiwa, Kazuo 88922nr011tw3j","download_large":"denshovh-trudy-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1004-11","model":"entity","index":"19 3494/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1004-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1004-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1004/denshovh-hgrant-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1004/denshovh-hgrant-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Grant Hirabayashi Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born November 9, 1919, in Thomas, Washington. Went to Japan at age twelve, attended school, and returned to the U.S. as a high school student. Enlisted in the army just prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and was eventually recruited for the Military Intelligence Service. Selected as one of fourteen Japanese Americans to fight with \"Merrill's Marauders.\" After the war, worked in Japan during the U.S. occupation, and became involved with the war crimes trials. Went on to work for the State Department and the Library of Congress.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:40:12","links_children":"ddr-densho-1004-11","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":208,"namepart":"Grant Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"gayle k. yamada"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Mario Vizcarra"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"gayle k. yamada Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Silver Spring, Maryland","creation":"November 19, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Grant Hirabayashi narrator \ngayle k. yamada interviewer \nMario Vizcarra videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgrant-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1001-41","model":"entity","index":"20 3495/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1001-41/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1001-41/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-hgrant_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-hgrant_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Grant Hirabayashi Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born November 9, 1919, in Thomas, Washington. Went to Japan at age twelve, attended school, and returned to the U.S. as a high school student. Enlisted in the army just prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and was eventually recruited for the Military Intelligence Service. Selected as one of fourteen Japanese Americans to fight with \"Merrill's Marauders.\" After the war, worked in Japan during the U.S. occupation, and became involved with the war crimes trials. Went on to work for the State Department and the Library of Congress.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:25:38","links_children":"ddr-densho-1001-41","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":208,"namepart":"Grant Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"John de Chadenedes"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","creation":"July 27, 2008","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Grant Hirabayashi narrator \nJohn de Chadenedes interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-hgrant_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-1800","model":"entity","index":"21 3496/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1800/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-1800/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/ddr-densho-1007-1800-mezzanine-4e1e9ab06b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/ddr-densho-1007-1800-mezzanine-4e1e9ab06b-a.jpg"},"title":"Interview with Paul Minerich, Tim Nomiyama, Masao Kataoka, and Kenjiro Hayakawa, part 3 of 8","description":"From left to right: Minerich, Nomiyama, Kataoka, Hayakawa. Kataoka discusses being a soldier when evacuation started, the interment of his wife, and the relationship between Kibei and Nisei soldiers. Kataoka and Nomiyama discuss how they met. Nomiyama discusses when he decided to refuse to serve, being called a traitor when he left Japan, returning to the US in 1937, anti-Japanese sentiment in Turlock, CA, his service in the US before war with Japan broke out, feeling that the US constitution was only for white people, and how USO facilities were segregated in Mississippi. Interview starts at 0:20. Loni Ding can be heard asking questions behind the camera. Original title: II RES/PRO #11, UCLA Minerich, Nomiyama, Kataoka, Hayakawa, 6/1/86, Roll 11. Interview continues at ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1801/","extent":"00:22:23","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-1800","creators":[{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Ding, Loni"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Minerich, Paul"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Nomiyama, Tim"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Kataoka, Masao"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Hayakawa, Kenjiro"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Performing arts -- Film -- Documentaries","id":"251"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance","id":"95"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Minerich, Paul"},{"namepart":"Nomiyama, Tim"},{"namepart":"Kataoka, Masao"},{"namepart":"Hayakawa, Kenjiro"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"June 1, 1986","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ding, Loni interviewer \nMinerich, Paul interviewee \nNomiyama, Tim interviewee \nKataoka, Masao interviewee \nHayakawa, Kenjiro interviewee Minerich, Paul \nNomiyama, Tim \nKataoka, Masao \nHayakawa, Kenjiro","download_large":"ddr-densho-1007-1800-mezzanine-4e1e9ab06b-a.jpg"},{"id":"110","model":"narrator","index":"22 3497/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/110/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/110/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mtake.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mtake.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/110/interviews/"},"display_name":"Take Murayama","bio":"Issei female. Born 1895 in Nagano, Japan. Married Mr. Kazuyoshi Murayama, an Issei who returned to Japan temporarily for an arranged marriage. Immigrated to the U.S. in August of 1916. Worked for a wealthy family in North Dakota, then settled in Seattle. Went back to Japan in 1924, but returned to Seattle in 1925. Owned a grocery store with her husband outside of Seattle's Nihonmachi. Went back to Japan in 1934. Returned to Seattle once again in 1983 to join her daughter and has lived in Seattle since then. Received U.S. citizenship at age 102. At the time of the interview, Mrs. Murayama resided at Keiro Nursing Home."},{"id":"213","model":"narrator","index":"23 3498/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/213/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/213/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hbill_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hbill_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/213/interviews/"},"display_name":"Bill Hashizume","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 22, 1922, in Mission, British Columbia, Canada. Grew up in Mission before moving to Japan with mother and sisters at age sixteen. Attended high school and college in Japan and enlisted in the Japanese navy in 1944. Worked in Japan for several years following World War II, then returned to Canada, choosing to live in Toronto, Ontario. Author of Japanese Community in Mission: A Brief History 1904-1942."},{"id":"449","model":"narrator","index":"24 3499/{'value': 5019, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/449/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/449/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ylois.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ylois.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/449/interviews/"},"display_name":"Lois Yuki","bio":"Nisei female. Born September 13, 1944, in the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. In 1945, family repatriated to Japan. Grew up in Japan, attending school there, before returning with family in the 1950s. Eventually became a teacher and settled in California."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"japan","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}