(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:58:51","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-273","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":453,"namepart":"Marjorie Matsushita Sperling"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0090d9r","namepart":"Matsushita, Marjorie Maruji"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Culver City, California","creation":"February 24, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Marjorie Matsushita Sperling narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Matsushita, Marjorie Maruji 88922nr0090d9r","download_large":"denshovh-smarjorie-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-187","model":"entity","index":"6 481/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-187/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-187/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ygeorge_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ygeorge_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"George Yamada Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born November 16, 1923, in Spokane, Washington. Spent childhood in downtown Spokane where parents ran the World Hotel. Father also worked as a mail handler for the Great Northern Railroad. Attended Lewis and Clark High School and Washington State University. During the war remembers seeing train cars pass through Spokane with Japanese Americans headed to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Drafted into the army in 1944 and served at the Military Intelligence Service Language School in Fort Snelling, Minnesota and Presidio, California. After World War II, worked as a chick sexer in upstate New York and surrounding region for thirty years. Returned to Spokane in the mid-1970s and pursued a career in real estate.
(This interview was conducted as part of a project to capture stories of the Japanese American community of Spokane, Washington. Densho worked in collaboration with the Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture.)","extent":"04:03:17","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-187","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":211,"namepart":"George Yamada"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Megan Asaka"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Spokane, Washington","creation":"March 15 & 16, 2006","status":"completed","search_hidden":"George Yamada narrator \nMegan Asaka interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ygeorge_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-13","model":"entity","index":"7 482/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-13/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-13/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kgloria-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kgloria-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Gloria Kubota Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born June 6, 1916, in Santa Clara County, California. Raised in Santa Clara, and met and married Issei Guntaro Kubota, one of the leaders of the Heart Mountain Fair Play Committee. During World War II, incarcerated at Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, along with daughter. Gave birth to a son in camp. Husband Guntaro Kubota was arrested for conspiracy to counsel draft evasion, and served time at Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary in Kansas. Eventually Guntaro's conviction was thrown out, and the family moved back to Los Gatos, California.
(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"00:32:53","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-13","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":156,"namepart":"Gloria Kubota"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"August 28, 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gloria Kubota narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-kgloria-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-17","model":"entity","index":"8 483/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kkats_g-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kkats_g-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Kats Kunitsugu - Paul Tsuneishi Interview","description":"Kats Kunitsugu is a Nisei female, incarcerated at Heart Mountain concentration camp during World War II. Was on the staff of the camp's newspaper, the Heart Mountain Sentinel.
Paul Tsuneishi is a Nisei male. Incarcerated at Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, and was drafted into the military at age eighteen. After World War II, served as a district governor for the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) in Southern California. In his position with the JACL, sought to reconcile the Japanese American community with the World War II draft resisters.(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"00:43:27","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-17","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":159,"namepart":"Kats Kunitsugu"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":160,"namepart":"Paul Tsuneishi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0052x2n","namepart":"Hirooka, Katsumi"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr011bh2z","namepart":"Tsuneishi, Paul Hiroshi"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 22, 1995","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kats Kunitsugu narrator \nPaul Tsuneishi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer Hirooka, Katsumi 88922nr0052x2n\nTsuneishi, Paul Hiroshi 88922nr011bh2z","download_large":"denshovh-kkats_g-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"116","model":"narrator","index":"9 484/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/116/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/116/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kmarian.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kmarian.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/116/interviews/"},"display_name":"Marian Asao Kurosu","bio":"Issei female. Born March 10, 1907, in Fukui prefecture, Japan. Graduated from Jinai Girls School. After grandfather's death, came to Seattle, Washington in 1924 to join father and uncle, working in family-run agricultural greenhouse. Arranged marriage to Mr. Roy Naoe Kurosu, an Issei working in Tacoma sawmills. Started new greenhouse in Sunnydale, Washington until all people of Japanese ancestry were removed from the West Coast in 1942. Returned to work in Sunnydale greenhouse until retirement at age 74. In 1954, gained U.S. citizenship along with husband, adopting first name \"Marian.\" Mother of seven children, including a son born while at Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. At the time of the interview, Mrs. Kurosu resided at her home in Seattle, Washington."},{"id":"489","model":"narrator","index":"10 485/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/489/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/489/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nhitoshi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nhitoshi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/489/interviews/"},"display_name":"Hitoshi \"Hank\" Naito","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 20, 1926, in San Diego, California. Grew up in Terminal Island, California, where father was a fisherman. During World War II, removed with family to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Family was transferred to Tule Lake in response to father's answers on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" Turned eighteen in Tule Lake, and also signed \"no-no\" on the questionnaire and renounced U.S. citizenship. Sent to Fort Lincoln (Bismarck) internment camp, North Dakota before going to Japan and reuniting with family. Lived in Japan for a number of years, taking a job with the U.S. army, and volunteering for the U.S. Air Force. Eventually regained citizenship and returned to the U.S."},{"id":"1052","model":"narrator","index":"11 486/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1052/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1052/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-537_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-537_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1052/interviews/"},"display_name":"Lon Inaba","bio":"Sansei male. Born September 15, 1955, in Yakima, Washington. Grew up in the Yakima area, where several generations of family members had run a farm since before World War II. Prior to the war, since Japanese immigrants were barred from purchasing land, Lon's grandfather and great-grandfather had leased land from the Yakama Indian tribe. After they were sent to the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, during the war, they returned and continued farming, again with the support of the Yakama Nation. Lon earned a degree in agricultural engineering, and after working for a time on the Hanford nuclear reservation, returned to take over the farm with family members. In 2021, the family made the decision to sell Inaba Produce Farms to the Yakama Nation."},{"id":"163","model":"narrator","index":"12 487/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/163/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/163/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kben.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kben.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/163/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ben Kuroki","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 16, 1917, in Hershey, Nebraska. Admitted to the Army Air Corps and flew thirty missions in Europe in a B-24 as a tailgunner and top turret gunner. Earned two Distinguished Flying Crosses and was acclaimed as the first Nisei war hero. Spoke at Heart Mountain, Wyoming, and two other camps in order to help encourage draft recruitment. Subpoenaed as a witness in the conspiracy trial of Heart Mountain's Fair Play Committee leaders. Later became the only Nisei to service in active combat with the Air Corps in the Pacific Theater, and flew twenty-eight additional missions over Japan. After World War II, became the first Japanese American editor of a general newspaper in Nebraska, and later edited newspapers in suburban Michigan and Southern California."},{"id":"ddr-pc-29-20","model":"entity","index":"13 488/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-29-20/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-29-20/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-20-mezzanine-0b8b37cfb5-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-20-mezzanine-0b8b37cfb5-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 44, No. 20 (May 17, 1957)","description":"Select article titles: \"Permanment Stay Offered Skilled Japanese on Temporary Visa\" (p. 1); \"Curriculum body acts on CL protest of 'Fuzz Young' story\" (p. 1); \"Claims payment appropriations up for endorsment\" (p. 1); \"Los Angeles-born Nisei successful in transition to life in Detroit circles\" (p. 1); \"Calif. pension bill passes Assembly\" (p. 1); \"Japanese Americans Among First Winners of California Scholarships\" (p. 1); \"Cleveland Nisei awarded music fellowship in Rome\" (p. 1); \"SLC keeping busy with more projects\" (p. 2); \"Surgeon who operates 'without ether or nures' found to be Issei dollmaker\" (p. 3); \"Wife of Cheyenne Nisei judge named ass't Wyoming A.G.\" (p. 3); \"Nisei Leaps 6 FT. 4 IN. In Prep High Jump; Also 22-3 1/2 in Broad Jump\" (p. 6); \"Minneapolis badminton star competges in nat'l tourney, to teach at Whitter High' (p. 6); \"Vice.-Pres. Nixon meets on problem of job discrimination\" (p. 8); \"Racial Battle Looms in Dental Hygienist Association Proposal\" (p. 8)","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-29-20","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Protests, rallies, or marches","id":"452"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Community activities -- Sports","id":"24"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Sansei","id":"338"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation","id":"340"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Dentistry","id":"355"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"05/17/1957","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-29-20-mezzanine-0b8b37cfb5-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-204","model":"entity","index":"14 489/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-204/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-204/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-204-mezzanine-b71e5d48df-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-204-mezzanine-b71e5d48df-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Y. Fujii to Mr. and Mrs. S. Okine, May 24, 1947 [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Yosokichi Fujii, a former incarceree in the Heart Mountain incarceration camp, Wyoming, to Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine. He gives an update of his life after leaving the camp in September 1945 and resettling in Nyssa, Oregon until May 1946. He currently works in Penryn, California in fruit production following his friends' suggestion. He intended to go back to Oregon, but has stayed in California. Fujii's first son and fourth son, Katsumi, in Oregon will join him in California in August or September. They plan to start a new business together. He states that he is not going back to Japan in the future and has decided to stay in the U.S. The backside of the envelope includes the handwritten notes in Japanese. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: oki_02_43_001","extent":"3 pages, handwritten, 8.5 x 6.5 inches; 1 envelope","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-204","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Fujii, Yosokichi"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture","id":"6"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon","id":"284"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Penryn, California","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"5/24/1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fujii, Yosokichi author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-204-mezzanine-b71e5d48df-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-658","model":"entity","index":"15 490/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-658/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-658/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-658-mezzanine-099b48f7b3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-658-mezzanine-099b48f7b3-a.jpg"},"title":"General information bulletin (Cody, Wyo.), series 26 (October 15, 1942)","description":"General information bulletin, series 26, published at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp, Wyoming on October 15, 1942. Bulletin including news, events, and topics related to Heart Mountain incarceration camp. Includes: Evacuees protected by disability benefits; Offer aid in application for ballots; Doctors rotate for duty at hospital; Dr. Ito in charge of milk station; Fourth appendectomy at hospital; Vital statistics; Radio preacher to speak at rally; Catholics change church locale; Personal items welcome; Evacuee property now under WRA control; Home canning project employs 26 women; School and music announcements; Boys club leaders appointed; Four mess halls designated for recreation activities; Vehicles with sirens have right of way; Fire damages bedding of resident; Nisei soldiers visiting Heart Mountain; and Recreation activities, meetings, announcements. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0660","extent":"6 pages; 10.5 x 8 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-658","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Social and recreational activities","id":"195"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications","id":"74"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Cody, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"10/15/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States. War Relocation Authority author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-658-mezzanine-099b48f7b3-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-647","model":"entity","index":"16 491/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-647/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-647/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-647-mezzanine-e493ebb256-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-647-mezzanine-e493ebb256-a.jpg"},"title":"General information bulletin (Cody, Wyo.), series 13 (September 19, 1942)","description":"General information bulletin, series 13, published at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp, Wyoming on September 19, 1942. Bulletin including news, events, and topics related to Heart Mountain incarceration camp. Includes: Army provides food on ration basis; Installation of stoves to be completed soon; Break in water line repaired; Ask surrender of expired work leave permits; Nisei colonists may cast absentee ballots; Burned down laundry room to be rebuilt; Appreciation voice by Police Department; Dental clinic now open at 1-26; Maritime workers here being contacted; Dry goods store may open next week; 10 J.A.C.L. officials arrive today; Court reporters sought; Student secretary visits project; Administrative staff to view Japanese program; Permits required for use of halls, fields; Schedule of religious services; and Week day activities. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0649","extent":"4 pages; 12.5 x 8 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-647","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Social and recreational activities","id":"195"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications","id":"74"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Cody, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"9/19/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States. War Relocation Authority author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-647-mezzanine-e493ebb256-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-659","model":"entity","index":"17 492/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-659/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-659/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-659-mezzanine-0a98c951da-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-659-mezzanine-0a98c951da-a.jpg"},"title":"General information bulletin (Cody, Wyo.), series 27 (October 17, 1942)","description":"General information bulletin, series 27, published at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp, Wyoming on October 17, 1942. Bulletin including news, events, and topics related to Heart Mountain incarceration camp. Includes: City planning boar formed; Church services in permanent locale; Religious activities; Week-day activities; Civilians, soldiers visitors here; Issue mackinaw jackets to workers; Payment of sales tax explained; Many September work orders unassigned; Fire fighting crews put on 24 hour duty; Second case to be tried Monday; Ex-Northwestern instructor to head night school; C.E. employees asked to attend co-op meetings; Voters urged to send for absentee ballots; Eight more given short term leaves; Boy scouts pledged full support by Osam; Changes made in Saturday and Sunday sport events; and Recreation activities, meetings, announcements. Also includes \"Application for absentee voter's ballot.\" See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0661","extent":"7 pages; 10.5 x 8 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-659","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Social and recreational activities","id":"195"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications","id":"74"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Cody, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"10/17/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States. War Relocation Authority author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-659-mezzanine-0a98c951da-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-261","model":"entity","index":"18 493/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-261/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-261/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-sfrank-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-sfrank-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Sumida Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born August 10, 1925, in Chicago, Illinois. Grew up primarily in Los Angeles, California, where parents ran a restaurant. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Santa Anita assembly Center, California, where he participating in running an organized gambling operation. Moved briefly to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, before being sent to Tule Lake, California, after signing the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" Transferred to the Santa Fe Department of Justice internment camp, New Mexico. Upon wishes of parents, renounced U.S. citizenship and expatriated to Japan. Worked for the military government during the U.S. occupation of Japan. Eventually regained U.S. citizenship and returned to the United States.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"04:22:36","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-261","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":415,"namepart":"Frank Sumida"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Barbara Takei"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0116q01","namepart":"Sumida, Frank Teruo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"September 23, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Sumida narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nBarbara Takei interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Sumida, Frank Teruo 88922nr0116q01","download_large":"denshovh-sfrank-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-118","model":"entity","index":"19 494/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-118/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-118/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kmarian-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kmarian-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Marian Asao Kurosu Interview","description":"Issei female. Born March 10, 1907, in Fukui prefecture, Japan. Graduated from Jinai Girls School. After grandfather's death, came to Seattle, Washington in 1924 to join father and uncle, working in family-run agricultural greenhouse. Arranged marriage to Mr. Roy Naoe Kurosu, an Issei working in Tacoma sawmills. Started new greenhouse in Sunnydale, Washington until all people of Japanese ancestry were removed from the West Coast in 1942. Returned to work in Sunnydale greenhouse until retirement at age 74. In 1954, gained U.S. citizenship along with husband, adopting first name \"Marian.\" Mother of seven children, including a son born while at Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. At the time of the interview, Mrs. Kurosu resided at her home in Seattle, Washington.
(During this interview, Mrs. Kurosu alternately speaks in both English and Japanese. As a result, the English translation of the transcript contains [Jpn.] and [Eng.], which indicate whether the original dialogue was spoken in Japanese or English.)","extent":"04:38:11","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-118","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":116,"namepart":"Marian Asao Kurosu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tomoyo Yamada"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008xt3n","namepart":"Kurosu, Lucy Asao"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"June 23 & 24, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Marian Asao Kurosu narrator \nTomoyo Yamada interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer Kurosu, Lucy Asao 88922nr008xt3n","download_large":"denshovh-kmarian-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-133","model":"entity","index":"20 495/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-133/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-133/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ugrant-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ugrant-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Grant Ujifusa Interview II","description":"Sansei male. Born January 4, 1942 in Worland, Wyoming. Graduated from Harvard College in 1965, and went on to earn an M.A. in American History from Brandeis University and an ABT in American Civilization from Brown University. Worked for book publishers Gambit, Houghton Mifflin, Random House, Macmillan, and Reader's Digest magazine. Played an integral part in the Japanese American redress movement of the 1980s, and serves on the Board of the Japanese American National Memorial Foundation as well as the Board of Governors of the Japanese American National Museum. Legislative Strategy Chair of the Legislative Education Committee of the Japanese American Citizens League from 1982 to 1992. Honorary Member, Company K, 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Founding editor and co-author of The Almanac of American Politics, published every two years since 1972, when it was nominated for the National Book Award. Married to Amy Brooks, 9/9/79. Two sons, Steven, Harvard '01; and Andrew, Harvard '04.","extent":"01:46:35","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-133","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":98,"namepart":"Grant Ujifusa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"March 2, 2002","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Grant Ujifusa narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ugrant-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1002-9","model":"entity","index":"21 496/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1002-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1002-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-efrank-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-efrank-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Emi Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born September 23, 1916, in Los Angeles, California. Attended Los Angeles City College for one year before leaving to run the family produce business. Married and had a daughter before being removed to Pomona Assembly Center, California, and Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. The leader of Heart Mountain's Fair Play Committee, was convicted of resisting the draft, and was imprisoned for eighteen months at Leavenworth, Kansas. After leaving prison, worked for the U.S. post office and the California state unemployment office. Mr. Emi practiced judo as a young person before the war, and postwar, taught at the Hollywood Judo Dojo.
(This interview was conducted by sisters Emiko and Chizuko Omori for their 1999 documentary, Rabbit in the Moon, about the Japanese American resisters of conscience in the World War II incarceration camps. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:36:54","links_children":"ddr-densho-1002-9","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emiko Omori"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Chizu Omori"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr004xx71","namepart":"Emi, Frank Seishi"}],"contributor":"Emiko and Chizuko Omori Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"March 20, 1994","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nEmiko Omori interviewer \nChizu Omori interviewer Emi, Frank Seishi 88922nr004xx71","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1002-6","model":"entity","index":"22 497/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1002-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1002-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-kmits-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-kmits-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Mits Koshiyama Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born August 7, 1924, in Mountain View, California. Grew up in the Santa Clara Valley, California, working on his family's leased strawberry farm. In June of 1942, he was involuntarily \"evacuated\" to Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, then to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Graduated from high school in camp and at the age of 19, refused induction into the military on the grounds that the incarceration violated his Constitutional rights as an American citizen. Served two years at McNeil Island federal penitentiary, Washington. Later resettled in California and established a flower nursery business with his brother.
(This interview was conducted by sisters Emiko and Chizuko Omori for their 1999 documentary, Rabbit in the Moon, about the Japanese American resisters of conscience in the World War II incarceration camps. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:07:58","links_children":"ddr-densho-1002-6","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":125,"namepart":"Mits Koshiyama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Chizu Omori"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emiko Omori"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Emiko Omori and Witt Mons"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs24","namepart":"Koshiyama, Mitsuru"}],"contributor":"Emiko and Chizuko Omori Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","creation":"October 2, 1992","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mits Koshiyama narrator \nChizu Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori and Witt Mons videographer Koshiyama, Mitsuru 88922nr015zs24","download_large":"denshovh-kmits-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-10","model":"entity","index":"23 498/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kmits-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kmits-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Mits Koshiyama Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born August 7, 1924, in Mountain View, California. Grew up in the Santa Clara Valley, California, working on his family's leased strawberry farm. In June of 1942, he was involuntarily \"evacuated\" to Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, then to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Graduated from high school in camp and at the age of 19, refused induction into the military on the grounds that the incarceration violated his Constitutional rights as an American citizen. Served two years at McNeil Island federal penitentiary, Washington. Later resettled in California and established a flower nursery business with his brother.
(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"00:37:46","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-10","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":125,"namepart":"Mits Koshiyama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs24","namepart":"Koshiyama, Mitsuru"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 15 & 16, 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mits Koshiyama narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer Koshiyama, Mitsuru 88922nr015zs24","download_large":"denshovh-kmits-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-20","model":"entity","index":"24 499/{'value': 522, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-20/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-20/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Emi Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born September 23, 1916, in Los Angeles, California. Attended Los Angeles City College for one year before leaving to run the family produce business. Married and had a daughter before being removed to Pomona Assembly Center, California, and Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. The leader of Heart Mountain's Fair Play Committee, was convicted of resisting the draft, and was imprisoned for eighteen months at Leavenworth, Kansas. After leaving prison, worked for the U.S. post office and the California state unemployment office. Mr. Emi practiced judo as a young person before the war, and postwar, taught at the Hollywood Judo Dojo.
(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:39:02","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-20","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr004xx71","namepart":"Emi, Frank Seishi"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"January 30, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer Emi, Frank Seishi 88922nr004xx71","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Wyoming","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}