(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"00:40:47","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-9","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":155,"namepart":"Dave Kawamoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008tt0q","namepart":"Kawamoto, Dave Tetsutaro"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Dave Kawamoto narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer Kawamoto, Dave Tetsutaro 88922nr008tt0q","download_large":"denshovh-kdave-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-131","model":"entity","index":"2 1177/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-131/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-131/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-131-mezzanine-16e8ca2215-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-131-mezzanine-16e8ca2215-a.jpg"},"title":"Dealing with Japanese-Americans by John F. Embree, Documents Section, Office of Reports","description":"Short report from WRA Documents Section leader John F. Embree on recommended attitudes, suggestions, and practices while interacting with incarcerated Japanese Americans. According to Embree, race is hereditary while culture is acquired, and Caucasians should refrain from making stereotypical images of \"Japanese types.\" Embree describes the differences in culture and attitudes including questions of loyalty between Issei, Nisei, and Kibei individuals. He recommends using a \"go-between\" to facilitate conversation among the older Issei men in the community when it comes to policies and procedures according to Japanese cultural norms at the time as well as utilizing the Project Director to frequently communicate with the community leaders. Special attention is directed to \"evacuee attitudes\" where the author recommends fostering understanding and communication with Nisei in order for them not to succumb to \"anti American attitudes.\" A letter from Dillon S. Myer, Director, to WRA staff is attached. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9940. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0940","extent":"9 pages, 10.5 x 8 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-131","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Myer, Dillon S. (Dillon Seymour), 1891-1982"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Embree, John F. (John Fee), 1908-1950"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Stereotypes","id":"161"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1942-10","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Myer, Dillon S. (Dillon Seymour), 1891-1982 author \nEmbree, John F. (John Fee), 1908-1950 author \nUnited States. War Relocation Authority publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-131-mezzanine-16e8ca2215-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-121","model":"entity","index":"3 1178/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-121/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-121/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-121-mezzanine-eeee8e0019-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-121-mezzanine-eeee8e0019-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Masao Okine to Mr. and Mrs. Okine, January 10, 1946 [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Masao Okine to his parents, Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine in Hawthorne. This letter is written in Japan where Masao is currently stationed as a Nisei soldier and mailed via San Francisco by the U.S. Army Postal Service. In the letter, Masao describes his work as a US Army solider in Japan: He has been staying in Sagamihara, Kanagawa, but has not been informed of the next deployment. The solders take an exam and the next locations are determined based on the results of the exam. He also writes about her brother-in-law, Nobuyuki Tanimoto, who Masao has been trying to locate in Tokyo. He states that Ginza in Tokyo is completely destroyed by the bombing attacks during the war. He also appreciates his parents for the financial support, 37.00 dollars given to his wife, Ayame. The handwritten notes on the back on the envelope read: Arrived on January 30, 1946, no. 3 [in Japanese]. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: oki_01_49_001","extent":"1 page, 6 x 9 inches, handwritten; 1 envelope","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-121","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Okine, Masao"}],"topics":[{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Military service -- Postwar occupation of Japan","id":"199"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Sagamihara, Japan","creation":"1/10/1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okine, Masao author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-121-mezzanine-eeee8e0019-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-7","model":"entity","index":"4 1179/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-7-mezzanine-4751d82a43-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-7-mezzanine-4751d82a43-a.jpg"},"title":"Envelope and letter to Dr. Keizaburo \"Kei\" Koyama from Teru Koyama","description":"Yellowed envelope addressed to Dr. Kei Koyama at Fort Missula with two postmarks from Portland; dated February 6, 1942. Handwritten is “Air Mail/SPECIAL DEL.” on the left side of the envelope; in red pencil “Feb 13” is written below. There are two purple stamps in the lower left corner: one is a \"Fee\" stamp from the post office, and the second is an \"EXAMINED\" stamp from Fort Missoula. A third postmark from Missoula dated February 7, 1942, is stamped on the back of the envelope. Inside the envelope is a handwritten note with information about where to obtain passport and marriage license information and a handwritten letter from Kei's wife, Teru , dated February 5, 1942. The letter is written in seven numbered points. It tells of developments in Portland preventing Japanese from obtaining licenses. Teru advising Kei not to trust other Japanese and to trust God. Teru advises that if Kei's trial goes well and he is released he can tend to the business, but if not she will need to obtain a license to look after it. At the bottom of the letter is a purple \"EXAMINED\" stamp.","extent":"1 envelope: 6.5W x 3.5H; 1 letter: 7.875W x 9.875H, 1 note 7.875W x 6H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-7","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Dentistry","id":"355"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"},{"term":"World War II -- U.S. Army internment camps","id":"432"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon -- Portland","id":"289"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Portland, Oregon","facility":[{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"}],"creation":"02/05/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author","download_large":"ddr-one-5-7-mezzanine-4751d82a43-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-sjacl-2-35","model":"entity","index":"5 1180/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-sjacl-2-35/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-sjacl-2-35/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-sjacl-2/ddr-sjacl-2-35-1-mezzanine-69f898b3f3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-sjacl-2/ddr-sjacl-2-35-1-mezzanine-69f898b3f3-a.jpg"},"title":"Joy Misako St. Germain Interview","description":"Ana Tanaka and Dr. Kyle Kinoshita led a conversation with Joy Misako St. Germain, detailing how she became involved with JACL and became a Seattle leader. Being one of just a few Japanese American families where she grew up, she felt a deep longing for a sense of community. Her love for Japanese American culture is one of the main factors that led to her moving to the Pacific Northwest. Joy was welcomed into the Seattle Chapter, and quickly became active. Chapter members were very encouraging, and soon she was active in the issues that JACL was engaged in during the 1990's. A clear leader who cared about the organization and was committed to their mission statement, she became chapter president. Joy helped establish many of the organizational structures that helped the Seattle Chapter sustain itself into a new century. Joy is optimistic about the newer generation of JACL activists and the work the organization has done to engage the younger generation. With the renewed focus of allyship with other communities and organizations, she feels as though everyone--the younger and older generations--can learn from each other as the JACL continues its work.","extent":"0:50:59","links_children":"ddr-sjacl-2-35","creators":[{"role":"narrator","id":1033,"namepart":"Joy Misako St. Germain"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Ana Tanaka"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Dr. Kyle Kinoshita"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Seattle JACL","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"2-Mar-22","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Joy Misako St. Germain narrator \nAna Tanaka interviewer \nDr. Kyle Kinoshita interviewer","download_large":"ddr-sjacl-2-35-1-mezzanine-69f898b3f3-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-400-17","model":"entity","index":"6 1181/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-400-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-400-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-400/ddr-densho-400-17-1-mezzanine-3162fb3644-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-400/ddr-densho-400-17-1-mezzanine-3162fb3644-a.jpg"},"title":"George Sakaye Nakano Interview","description":"George Sakaye Nakano was born on November 24, 1935, in the Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. George's parents were Kibei, born in Hawaii, then educated in Japan before returning to the U.S. Nakano grew up in Los Angeles until he was six years old. When WWII started, the Nakano family was incarcerated in the concentration camps at Jerome, Arkansas, and Tule Lake, California. After the war, the Nakanos resettled in Norwalk and then East Los Angeles. Nakano graduated from John H. Francis Polytechnic High School in 1954 and worked at Hughes Aircraft while attending evening classes at El Camino College in Torrance and California State University, Los Angeles, where he earned his bachelor's degree in mathematics and his master's degree in education. Nakano was the first Japanese American elected to the Torrance City Council in 1984 and served four terms until he was elected to the California State Assembly in 1998. At the time of this interview, he was finishing his second four-year term.\r\n\r\nThis interview is part of the South Bay History Project created by the South Bay Chapter of the Japanese American Citizens League.","extent":"2:49:32","links_children":"ddr-densho-400-17","creators":[{"role":"narrator","id":592,"namepart":"George Sakaye Nakano"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Albert Muratsuchi"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"California","facility":[{"term":"Jerome","id":"6"},{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"May 16, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"George Sakaye Nakano narrator \nAlbert Muratsuchi interviewer","download_large":"ddr-densho-400-17-1-mezzanine-3162fb3644-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1009-3","model":"entity","index":"7 1182/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1009-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1009-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1009/denshovh-mcharlie_g-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1009/denshovh-mcharlie_g-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Charlie Matsubara - Mary Matsubara - Evelyn Togami Interview","description":"This interview was conducted with husband and wife Charlie and Mary Matsubara, and Mary's sister Evelyn Togami. Charlie was born June 3, 1920, in San Francisco, California. Mary was born January 3, 1922, in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Evelyn was born December 9, 1920, in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Mary and Evelyn were living in California with their family when World War II broke out, and the family decided to caravan with several other Japanese American families back to New Mexico, where they remained throughout the war. Charlie was living in Los Angeles when the war started, and he and his brother stayed behind in California to settle property and belongings while the rest of the family moved to Albuquerque to avoid incarceration. Charlie and his brother were sent to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Charlie eventually left camp to join his family in New Mexico.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:13:27","links_children":"ddr-densho-1009-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":826,"namepart":"Charlie Matsubara"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":827,"namepart":"Mary Matsubara"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":828,"namepart":"Evelyn Togami"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Danielle Corcoran"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr009ps8p","namepart":"Matsubara, Charles Saburo"}],"contributor":"New Mexico JACL Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Albuquerque, New Mexico","creation":"May 28, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Charlie Matsubara narrator \nMary Matsubara narrator \nEvelyn Togami narrator \nDanielle Corcoran interviewer Matsubara, Charles Saburo 88922nr009ps8p","download_large":"denshovh-mcharlie_g-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-84","model":"entity","index":"8 1183/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-84/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-84/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-snobu-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-snobu-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Nobu Suzuki Interview I","description":"Nisei female. Born November 25, 1909, in Seattle, Washington. Father established one of the largest oyster companies in the United States prior to World War II. Graduated from Garfield High School, the University of Washington, and then the Pacific School of Religion where she earned a master's degree in religious education. At the outbreak of WWII, assisted Nikkei who lost their jobs and worked with the WRA to help those families trying to relocate inland before the mass removal. Incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, with husband who served as one of the camp's physicians. While incarcerated, worked on the student relocation and job leave programs. Maintained an active involvement in the Young Christian Women's Association throughout the war, and postwar. Resettled first in Spokane, than later in Seattle. After the war, became active in a myriad of organizations, including, the national PTA, American Association of University Women, League of Women's Voters, and King County Medical Society's women's organization.
(References are made to several of Nobu Suzuki's personal papers, which are currently available for public perusal at the University of Washington's Manuscripts and University Archives.)","extent":"02:21:51","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-84","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":87,"namepart":"Nobu Suzuki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Dee Goto"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0062b0q","namepart":"Suzuki, Nobuko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"June 3, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Nobu Suzuki narrator \nDee Goto interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Suzuki, Nobuko 88922nr0062b0q","download_large":"denshovh-snobu-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-169","model":"entity","index":"9 1184/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-169/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-169/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-scharles-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-scharles-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Charles Z. Smith Interview","description":"Born February 23, 1927, in Lakeland, Florida. Left home at age fourteen to live under the educational supervision of Dr. William H. Gray, Jr., attended Florida A & M, and graduated with a degree in business administration from Temple University. Graduated from University of Washington Law School in 1955, then served as law clerk for Supreme Court Justice Matthew W. Hill. Worked as both deputy prosecuting attorney for King County and in private law practice, before moving to Washington, D.C., to take position as Special Assistant to the Attorney General of the United States in the legal field. Justice Smith was appointed to the Washington State Supreme Court in 1988, where he served until his retirement in 2002. Justice Smith received the University of Washington Law School's Distinguished Alumnus Award in 1990, and was appointed by President Clinton to the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom in 1999. He has also won the Asian Bar Association's Judge of the Year award as well as the Lifetime Service Award from the Washington State Bar Association. During his long and illustrious career, Justice Smith has served on the boards of several Asian American community organizations, and worked on behalf of immigrants' rights.","extent":"02:46:23","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-169","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":182,"namepart":"Charles Z. Smith"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"August 13, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Charles Z. Smith narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-scharles-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-87","model":"entity","index":"10 1185/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-87/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-87/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-snobu-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-snobu-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Nobu Suzuki Interview II","description":"Nisei female. Born November 25, 1909, in Seattle, Washington. Father established one of the largest oyster companies in the United States prior to World War II. Graduated from Garfield High School, the University of Washington, and then the Pacific School of Religion where she earned a master's degree in religious education. At the outbreak of WWII, assisted Nikkei who lost their jobs and worked with the WRA to help those families trying to relocate inland before the mass removal. Incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, with husband who served as one of the camp's physicians. While incarcerated, worked on the student relocation and job leave programs. Maintained an active involvement in the Young Christian Women's Association throughout the war, and postwar. Resettled first in Spokane, than later in Seattle. After the war, became active in a myriad of organizations, including, the national PTA, American Association of University Women, League of Women's Voters, and King County Medical Society's women's organization.
(References are made to several of Nobu Suzuki's personal papers, which are currently available for public perusal at the University of Washington's Manuscripts and University Archives.)","extent":"01:44:37","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-87","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":87,"namepart":"Nobu Suzuki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Dee Goto"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0062b0q","namepart":"Suzuki, Nobuko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"June 11, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Nobu Suzuki narrator \nDee Goto interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Suzuki, Nobuko 88922nr0062b0q","download_large":"denshovh-snobu-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-287","model":"entity","index":"11 1186/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-287/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-287/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kmasamizu-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kmasamizu-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Masamizu Kitajima Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born August 1, 1933, in Ookala, Hawaii. At a young age, sent to Japan to live with grandfather and begin ministry training, but returned to the U.S. just before the onset of World War II. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father, a prominent Buddhist minister, was picked up and arrested by the FBI. Mother couldn't support the children alone, so the family entered the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas, where they were reunited with father. Father signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" and moved the family to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, in anticipation of repatriating to Japan. Parents changed their minds and did not go to Japan, so the family returned to Hawaii after leaving Tule Lake. After the war, Masamizu established a successful career in airplane mechanics.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:41:25","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-287","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":490,"namepart":"Masamizu Kitajima"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr014jw5q","namepart":"Kitajima, Masamizu"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"June 12, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Masamizu Kitajima narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Kitajima, Masamizu 88922nr014jw5q","download_large":"denshovh-kmasamizu-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-184","model":"entity","index":"12 1187/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-184/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-184/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-184-mezzanine-a6c39e47d6-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-184-mezzanine-a6c39e47d6-a.jpg"},"title":"Statement of United States citizen of Japanese ancestry, Form DSS 304A","description":"Questionnaire distributed to male U.S. citizens of Japanese ancestry over the age of 17, commonly known as the, \"loyalty questionnaire.\" Individuals were required to supply information regarding place of birth; date of birth; places of residence; height; weight; hair color; eye color; voter status (when and where he first registered); if married, his wife's ancestry; the names and addresses of all relatives living in the United States; the names as addresses of all relatives living in Japan; education; foreign travel; occupation; employer's name; employer's address; religion; memberships in organizations; knowledge of foreign languages; hobbies; personal references; criminal court record; foreign investments; financial contributions; magazine and newspaper subscriptions; whether or not his birth was registered in Japan and whether he had ever applied for repatriation. In addition, registrants were asked whether they were willing to serve in the U.S. military and whether they were willing to swear allegiance to the United States. Form DSS 304A. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0186","extent":"4 pages; 10.5 x 8 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-184","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- Registration and the \"loyalty questionnaire\"","id":"85"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"District of Columbia","creation":"1/23/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States. War Relocation Authority author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-184-mezzanine-a6c39e47d6-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-531","model":"entity","index":"13 1188/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-531/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-531/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-531-1-mezzanine-b370daf01b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-531-1-mezzanine-b370daf01b-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Abe Interview III","description":"Sansei male. Born 1951 in Cleveland, Ohio. During World War II, father was incarcerated the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentratin camp, Wyoming. Mother came to the United States from Japan in 1950. Frank grew up in Cleveland, where his parents owned a boarding house. Earned a B.A. in theater directing from the University of California at Santa Cruz and received professional actors' training at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco. An original member of the Asian American Theater Workshop in San Francisco. Helped organize the first Day of Remembrance event in Seattle in 1978. Instrumental in creating the National Council for Japanese American Redress in Seattle. Worked as a reporter for KIRO Newsradio in Seattle, and was the co-founder of the Seattle chapter of the Asian American Journalists Association. Later worked as Director of Communications for the King County Executive in Seattle. Filmmaker who made the documentary Conscience and the Constitution with Shannon Gee, author of JOHN OKADA: The Life & Rediscovered Work of the Author of No-No Boy, and lead author of the graphic novel, We Hereby Refuse.","extent":"2:25:16","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-531","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":1018,"namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Nina Wallace"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"March 17, 2023","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Abe narrator \nNina Wallace interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-531-1-mezzanine-b370daf01b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-528","model":"entity","index":"14 1189/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-528/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-528/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-528-1-mezzanine-17f802a9d8-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-528-1-mezzanine-17f802a9d8-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Abe Interview I","description":"Sansei male. Born 1951 in Cleveland, Ohio. During World War II, father was incarcerated the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentratin camp, Wyoming. Mother came to the United States from Japan in 1950. Frank grew up in Cleveland, where his parents owned a boarding house. Earned a B.A. in theater directing from the University of California at Santa Cruz and received professional actors' training at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco. An original member of the Asian American Theater Workshop in San Francisco. Helped organize the first Day of Remembrance event in Seattle in 1978. Instrumental in creating the National Council for Japanese American Redress in Seattle. Worked as a reporter for KIRO Newsradio in Seattle, and was the co-founder of the Seattle chapter of the Asian American Journalists Association. Later worked as Director of Communications for the King County Executive in Seattle. Filmmaker who made the documentary Conscience and the Constitution with Shannon Gee, author of JOHN OKADA: The Life & Rediscovered Work of the Author of No-No Boy, and lead author of the graphic novel, We Hereby Refuse.","extent":"3:10:12","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-528","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":1018,"namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Nina Wallace"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"February 3, 2023","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Abe narrator \nNina Wallace interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-528-1-mezzanine-17f802a9d8-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-530","model":"entity","index":"15 1190/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-530/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-530/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-530-1-mezzanine-20d2529b6a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-530-1-mezzanine-20d2529b6a-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Abe Interview II","description":"Sansei male. Born 1951 in Cleveland, Ohio. During World War II, father was incarcerated the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentratin camp, Wyoming. Mother came to the United States from Japan in 1950. Frank grew up in Cleveland, where his parents owned a boarding house. Earned a B.A. in theater directing from the University of California at Santa Cruz and received professional actors' training at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco. An original member of the Asian American Theater Workshop in San Francisco. Helped organize the first Day of Remembrance event in Seattle in 1978. Instrumental in creating the National Council for Japanese American Redress in Seattle. Worked as a reporter for KIRO Newsradio in Seattle, and was the co-founder of the Seattle chapter of the Asian American Journalists Association. Later worked as Director of Communications for the King County Executive in Seattle. Filmmaker who made the documentary Conscience and the Constitution with Shannon Gee, author of JOHN OKADA: The Life & Rediscovered Work of the Author of No-No Boy, and lead author of the graphic novel, We Hereby Refuse.","extent":"2:46:36","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-530","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":1018,"namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Nina Wallace"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"March 14, 2023","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Abe narrator \nNina Wallace interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-530-1-mezzanine-20d2529b6a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-37-389","model":"entity","index":"16 1191/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-37-389/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-37-389/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-389-mezzanine-a271a77210-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-389-mezzanine-a271a77210-a.jpg"},"title":"Exterior view of Amache (Granada)","description":"Original WRA caption: Granada Relocation Center, Amache, Colorado. Weeds are already taking over where recently thousands of evacuees moved about between their temporary homes and the mess halls, schools and churches of various denominations. A total of nearly 15,000 evacuees were induced into the Granada Project, Amache, Colorado, since August 27, 1942, when the first group arrived from the Merced Assembly Center to prepare the camp for those to follow. The Relocation Center, as its name implies, was a temporary residence for those of Japanese ancestry who were transferred from their homes along the West Coast under a war emergency measure of 1942. Many of the evacuees during the past three years were able to resttle and find new homes in the Middle West and eastern States. From September 1, 1945, to the closing date of October 15, 3,105 persons have gone back to their former homes or have relocated elsewhere. The last to leave the center a group of 126 left on two special coaches for Sacramento and nearby towns. At the peak of its population, Amache had 7,567 residents. 412 births were recorded and 107 deaths during the three years of its existence.","extent":"10W x 10H","links_children":"ddr-densho-37-389","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Albers, Clem"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"photograph","location":"Amache, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"October 1, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Albers, Clem photographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-37-389-mezzanine-a271a77210-a.jpg"},{"id":"606","model":"narrator","index":"17 1192/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/606/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/606/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ymadelon.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ymadelon.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/606/interviews/"},"display_name":"Madelon Arai Yamamoto","bio":"Nisei female. Born October 10, 1932, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Los Angeles, where father had a gardening business. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, where father notably helped to build the Japanese garden. After leaving camp, Madelon returned to Los Angeles."},{"id":"216","model":"narrator","index":"18 1193/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/216/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/216/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yrichard.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yrichard.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/216/interviews/"},"display_name":"Richard H. Yamamoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 4, 1922, in Spokane, Washington. Spent childhood in Spokane, where parents operated a downtown Spokane hotel and father worked as a redcap at the local train station. Graduated from Lewis & Clark High School, attended Whitworth College, and then attended trade school where he became an electrician."},{"id":"990","model":"narrator","index":"19 1194/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/990/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/990/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-501_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-501_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/990/interviews/"},"display_name":"Lynne Horiuchi","bio":"Sansei female. Born June 10, 1945, in Denver, Colorado, where parents moved after leaving camp during World War II. Grew i[ om Denver, where father had an insurance company. Attended the University of Colorado and then Colorado College. Studied abroad in Italy before moving to California. Eventually earned a PhD and became an architectural historian."},{"id":"188","model":"narrator","index":"20 1195/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/188/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/188/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/dperry.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/dperry.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/188/interviews/"},"display_name":"Perry Dobashi","bio":"Sansei male. Born in 1938 in San Jose, California. Raised in San Jose, where parents and grandparents owned a store in Japantown. Removed to Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and then to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Returned to San Jose after the war, where family reestablished their business, the Dobashi Market. Mr. Dobashi eventually took over the business."},{"id":"412","model":"narrator","index":"21 1196/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/412/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/412/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kfrances.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kfrances.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/412/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frances Midori Tashiro Kaji","bio":"Nisei female. Born April 30, 1928, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in the Boyle Heights neighborhood, where father was a prominent medical physician. During World War II, removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Left camp with family to work on a sugar beet farm in Colorado, and eventually returned to Los Angeles, where father reestablished medical practice."},{"id":"628","model":"narrator","index":"22 1197/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/628/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/628/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hchikaye.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hchikaye.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/628/interviews/"},"display_name":"Chikaye Sande Azeka Hashimoto","bio":"Nisei female. Born May 29, 1936, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Los Angeles, where parents ran a cleaning business. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, with family. After leaving camp, returned to Los Angeles where parents reestablished the family business. Studied and performed Japanese classical dance during and after the war."},{"id":"941","model":"narrator","index":"23 1198/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/941/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/941/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-chi-1-11_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-chi-1-11_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/941/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ben Chikaraishi","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 10, 1921, in Colusa, California. As a child, family moved to Stockton, California, where parents owned a hotel. Was attending the University of California at Berkeley when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, and the family was sent to the Rohwer concentration camp, Arkansas. Left camp to live in Chicago, Illinois, where he became an optometrist."},{"id":"397","model":"narrator","index":"24 1199/{'value': 1655, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/397/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/397/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ujoseph.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ujoseph.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/397/interviews/"},"display_name":"Joseph Norio Uemura","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 3, 1926, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in Portland before moving to Denver, Colorado, where his father, a Baptist minister, was transferred. Lived in Denver during World War II, where family helped Japanese Americans leaving camps to find housing and work. Paul Robert and Jean Schuman Hanna Professor of Philosophy, Emeritus, since 1994, Hamline University, St. Paul, Minnesota."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Where","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}