(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"03:19:14","links_children":"ddr-densho-1003-9","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":641,"namepart":"Bill Watanabe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Sharon Yamato"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0157t6t","namepart":"Watanabe, Yoshiyuki"}],"contributor":"Friends of Manzanar Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"February 8, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Bill Watanabe narrator \nSharon Yamato interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Watanabe, Yoshiyuki 88922nr0157t6t","download_large":"denshovh-wbill-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1001-24","model":"entity","index":"1 901/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1001-24/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1001-24/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-etomiko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-etomiko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tomiko Hayashida Egashira","description":"Nisei female. Grew up on Bainbridge Island, Washington, where parents ran a farm. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Transferred to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, returned to Bainbridge Island.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:57:26","links_children":"ddr-densho-1001-24","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":267,"namepart":"Tomiko Hayashida Egashira"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Joyce Nishimura"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Don Sellers"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr006pf92","namepart":"Hayashida, Tomiko"}],"contributor":"Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","creation":"March 24, 2007","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tomiko Hayashida Egashira narrator \nJoyce Nishimura interviewer \nDon Sellers videographer Hayashida, Tomiko 88922nr006pf92","download_large":"denshovh-etomiko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1001-28","model":"entity","index":"2 902/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1001-28/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1001-28/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-rdoreen-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-rdoreen-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Doreen Rapada Interview","description":"Female of First Squamish Nation and Filipino descent. Born August 3, 1943, on Bainbridge Island, Washington. Grew up on Bainbridge Island, where parents worked as strawberry farmers and were prominent members of the Filipino American community on the island.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:53:21","links_children":"ddr-densho-1001-28","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":279,"namepart":"Doreen Rapada"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Debra Grindeland"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Don Sellers"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","creation":"February 17, 2007","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Doreen Rapada narrator \nDebra Grindeland interviewer \nDon Sellers videographer","download_large":"denshovh-rdoreen-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1001-27","model":"entity","index":"3 903/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1001-27/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1001-27/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-mhisa-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-mhisa-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Hisa Matsudaira Interview","description":"Nisei female. Grew up on Bainbridge Island, Washington, where family ran a farm. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, eventually transferring to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, returned to Bainbridge Island.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:28:18","links_children":"ddr-densho-1001-27","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":269,"namepart":"Hisa Matsudaira"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Debra Grindeland"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Don Sellers"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015z65z","namepart":"Hayashida, Hisako"}],"contributor":"Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","creation":"April 14, 2007","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hisa Matsudaira narrator \nDebra Grindeland interviewer \nDon Sellers videographer Hayashida, Hisako 88922nr015z65z","download_large":"denshovh-mhisa-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1001-21","model":"entity","index":"4 904/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1001-21/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1001-21/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-mshig-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-mshig-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Shig Moritani Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born April 10, 1921. Grew up in Bainbridge Island, Washington, where family ran a strawberry farm. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Left camp and lived in Chicago and New York before eventually returning to Bainbridge Island.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:17:03","links_children":"ddr-densho-1001-21","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":260,"namepart":"Shig Moritani"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Kitamoto"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr009s44b","namepart":"Moritani, Shigeru"}],"contributor":"Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","creation":"February 3, 2007","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Shig Moritani narrator \nFrank Kitamoto interviewer Moritani, Shigeru 88922nr009s44b","download_large":"denshovh-mshig-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-535-19","model":"entity","index":"5 905/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-535-19/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-535-19/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-535/ddr-densho-535-19-mezzanine-2e98ce6868-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-535/ddr-densho-535-19-mezzanine-2e98ce6868-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Tadashi Ishida to Mr. & Mrs. Y Ishida","description":"Tad had a chemical warfare class and got to smell some gases: \"boy, it sure stinks!\" The soldiers also learned how to use their gas masks. Tad mentions that they all did a trial in a gas chamber where they had to put their masks on the second they detected gas in the room: \"I never moved so fast in my life.\" Says he's going to the movies to see \"Sweet and Low Down.\" \"This is one thing about the Army, good movies. Parents' note on envelope back: (20)Tuesday Sept 26, 1944","extent":"letter: 6W x 9.5H; envelope: 6.5W x 3.75H","links_children":"ddr-densho-535-19","creators":[{"role":"author","nr_id":"88922/nr0085t0x","namepart":"Ishida, Tadashi"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"},{"term":"Arts and literature -- Performing arts -- Film","id":"249"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0085t0x","namepart":"Ishida, Tadashi"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr0085s9g","namepart":"Ishida, Fuku"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr0085s8s","namepart":"Ishida, Yoshio"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Camp Blanding, Florida;Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"September 23, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ishida, Tadashi author 88922nr0085t0xIshida, Tadashi 88922nr0085t0x\nIshida, Fuku 88922nr0085s9g\nIshida, Yoshio 88922nr0085s8s","download_large":"ddr-densho-535-19-mezzanine-2e98ce6868-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-11","model":"entity","index":"6 906/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-adan-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-adan-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Dan Aoki Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born January 31, 1918, in Kealakekua, Hawai'i, where his father was a Congregational preacher. During World War II, served with the 100th Battalion in Europe. In the 1950s, was active in Hawai'i's Democratic Party and campaign for statehood.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:10:09","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-11","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":844,"namepart":"Dan Aoki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Loni Ding"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"March 25, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Dan Aoki narrator \nLoni Ding interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-adan-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-5","model":"entity","index":"7 907/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-5/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-5/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-tben_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-tben_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Ben Tamashiro Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born in 1917 in Hanapepe, Kauai, Hawaii. Grew up in Hanapepe where father worked on a plantation. Volunteered for the army prior to World War II. During the war, reenlisted and became a member of the 100th Infantry Battalion.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:15:31","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-5","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":835,"namepart":"Ben Tamashiro"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Loni Ding"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"March 25, 1985","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ben Tamashiro narrator \nLoni Ding interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-tben_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-19","model":"entity","index":"8 908/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-19/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-19/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview III","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"01:21:56","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-19","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 5, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-20","model":"entity","index":"9 909/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-20/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-20/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-04-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-04-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview IV","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"01:49:44","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-20","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"February 17, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-04-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-17","model":"entity","index":"10 910/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview I","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"02:53:51","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-17","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Becky Fukuda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"April 26, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nBecky Fukuda interviewer \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-18","model":"entity","index":"11 911/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-18/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-18/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"02:31:45","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-18","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 25, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-115","model":"entity","index":"12 912/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-115/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-115/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-05-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-05-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview V","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"01:55:10","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-115","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 4, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-05-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-181","model":"entity","index":"13 913/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-181/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-181/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kfred_g-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kfred_g-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Fred Korematsu - Kathryn Korematsu Interview","description":"This interview centers on the experiences of Fred Korematsu, a Nisei born January 30, 1919, in Oakland, California. Mr. Korematsu was working as a welder in San Francisco when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. After Executive Order 9066 was issued in 1942, he decided to resist the evacuation orders, and was not removed with his family. He was arrested in May of 1942, taken to jail, and eventually transferred to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, where his family was being held. He legally challenged the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, and his case made it to the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheld the order in 1944. Following World War II, Mr. Korematsu moved to Detroit, Michigan, where he married and raised a family before returning to California. In the early 1980s, his case was reopened after the discovery of a crucial document indicating that in the original 1944 case, the federal government had lied to the high court. The conviction was vacated by U.S. District Judge Marilyn Hall Patel in 1983, and in 1998, Mr. Korematsu was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
(Due to technical difficulties and conditions at the time of taping, there is loud background noise in this interview.)","extent":"01:21:43","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-181","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":205,"namepart":"Fred Korematsu"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":206,"namepart":"Kathryn Korematsu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Lorraine Bannai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tetsuden Kashima"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008bb3x","namepart":"Korematsu, Fred Toyosaburo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 14, 1996","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fred Korematsu narrator \nKathryn Korematsu narrator \nLorraine Bannai interviewer \nTetsuden Kashima interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Korematsu, Fred Toyosaburo 88922nr008bb3x","download_large":"denshovh-kfred_g-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-164-29","model":"entity","index":"14 914/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-164-29/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-164-29/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-164/ddr-densho-164-29-mezzanine-250dfc2f83-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-164/ddr-densho-164-29-mezzanine-250dfc2f83-a.jpg"},"title":"Nisei soldiers in France","description":"Nisei soldier's caption: Oranges in St. Martin. Kimura, Frenchman, French WAC. After the tough time up north it was pretty easy here. It was a beautiful country so clean and untouched by war. Our Bn. was spread far out companies being from 10 to 20 miles away from the C.P. Just occasional patrols and jeep patrols. Communications had a big job with wire and radio going full blast. Had my first overseas Thanksgiving in St. Saveur near St. Martin's where Able Co. was stationed. Turkey for the day. The 2nd and 3rd Bn. 442nd Inf. were still up north.","extent":"2118W x 1475H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-164-29","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- 442nd Regimental Combat Team","id":"89"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"France","creation":"October 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-164-29-mezzanine-250dfc2f83-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-164-27","model":"entity","index":"15 915/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-164-27/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-164-27/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-164/ddr-densho-164-27-mezzanine-e3c537dd2b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-164/ddr-densho-164-27-mezzanine-e3c537dd2b-a.jpg"},"title":"Nisei soldiers in France","description":"Nisei soldier's caption: St. Martin's a town in the French Alps. After the tough time up north it was pretty easy here. It was a beautiful country so clean and untouched by war. Our Bn. was spread far out companies being from 10 to 20 miles away from the C.P. Just occasional patrols and jeep patrols. Communications had a big job with wire and radio going full blast. Had my first overseas Thanksgiving in St. Saveur near St. Martin's where Able Co. was stationed. Turkey for the day. The 2nd and 3rd Bn. 442nd Inf. were still up north.","extent":"2119W x 1479H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-164-27","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- 442nd Regimental Combat Team","id":"89"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"France","creation":"October 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-164-27-mezzanine-e3c537dd2b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-4-1397","model":"entity","index":"16 916/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-4-1397/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-4-1397/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-1397-master-6da4473ad5-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-1397-master-6da4473ad5-a.jpg"},"title":"Photographs of a statue and the sculptor","description":"Caption on reverse [translation]: \"Statue of 'Masaoka,' who was a local retainer to the Date family. Built at Shokaku Temple in Nakameguro. (Tokyo) July 11, 1934. The statue of 'Masaoka' will be built at Shokaku Temple in Nakameguro, where she spent her last day. She tried to help her Date master during the family's trouble, and she suffered from much persecution and havoc. Her statue is being sculpted by Fujitaro Nita, and an unveiling ceremony will be held in October. The photos are 1, the statue of Masaoka and the sculptor, Mr. Nita.\" Caption on reverse of second photo [translation]: \"Fujitaro Nita.\"","extent":"2.5W x 3.5H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-4-1397","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Domei"}],"format":"img","language":["jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Nita, Fujitaro"},{"namepart":"Masaoka"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Nakameguro, Tokyo, Japan","creation":"9-Jul-36","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Domei author Nita, Fujitaro \nMasaoka","download_large":"ddr-njpa-4-1397-master-6da4473ad5-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-4-1718","model":"entity","index":"17 917/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-4-1718/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-4-1718/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-1718-master-55e12720fe-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-1718-master-55e12720fe-a.jpg"},"title":"Sankuro Ogasawara and two other Ministry of Finance officials","description":"Caption on reverse: \"JAPAN FINANCE MINISTER HERE: Sankuro Ogasawara (center), Japanese finance minister, was a brief visitor here Saturday night enroute to Washington, D.C., where he will attend general meetings of the International Monetary Fund and of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. He was accompanied by Gengo Suzuki (left), financial commissioner, and Taroichi Yoshida, Ogasawara's secretary. They arrived here Saturday at 9 p.m. from Tokyo by Japan Air Lines and resumed their trip to San Francisco at 11:35 p.m. They expect to pass through Honolulu about Oct. 7 on their way back to Japan.--(Hawaii Times photo).\"","extent":"3W x 2.25H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-4-1718","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Hawaii Times"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Suzuki, Gengo"},{"namepart":"Ogasawara, Sankuro"},{"namepart":"Yoshida, Taroichi"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Honolulu, Hawai'i","creation":"1953-1954","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hawaii Times publisher Suzuki, Gengo \nOgasawara, Sankuro \nYoshida, Taroichi","download_large":"ddr-njpa-4-1718-master-55e12720fe-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-20-10","model":"entity","index":"18 918/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-20-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-20-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-20/ddr-csujad-20-10-mezzanine-f3b306e725-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-20/ddr-csujad-20-10-mezzanine-f3b306e725-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Geo. Yoshioka to Rev. [Wendell] Miller, September 22, 1942","description":"Personal letter written en route to Granada, Colorado from the Temporary Assembly Center at Santa Anita, describing the train ride thus far, one day into their journey. Included are a description of the food, the terrain in Utah, where they have currently made a stop, and the train itself, a Pullman with two cars out of eighteen total reserved for those who are elderly or ill. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: WLM_01-46_08","extent":"1 page and 1 envelope, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-20-10","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Yoshioka, George"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Colorado","id":"275"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Religious organizations","id":"397"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- Wartime Civil Control Administration (WCCA)","id":"402"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"World War II -- Support from the non-Japanese American community","id":"80"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Northridge. University Library. Special Collections & Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"},{"term":"Santa Anita","id":"23"}],"creation":"9/22/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yoshioka, George author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-20-10-mezzanine-f3b306e725-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-412","model":"entity","index":"19 919/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-412/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-412/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-412-mezzanine-4d8c781471-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-412-mezzanine-4d8c781471-a.jpg"},"title":"Today's spotlight--pre-school","description":"A newspaper clipping titled: Today's spotlight: pre-school. It was probably published in a camp newspaper at the Poston camp in Arizona, \"Poston press bulletin\" or \"Poston chronicle.\" It describes the preschool which was operated in the camp and where Mitzi Masukawa Naohara worked as a teacher. The caption reads: Opening of pre-school (my work in camp) Later worked in ktgn. An item from: Mitzi Naohara scrapbook (csudh_nao_0400), page 35. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_03_36_002","extent":"7.5 x 2.5 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-412","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Parker, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Poston (Colorado River)","id":"2"}],"creation":"1942-1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-412-mezzanine-4d8c781471-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-392-6","model":"entity","index":"20 920/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-392-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-392-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-392/ddr-densho-392-6-mezzanine-c01ae3b432-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-392/ddr-densho-392-6-mezzanine-c01ae3b432-a.jpg"},"title":"Drawing of the latrine and barracks at Tanforan Assembly Center","description":"Caption by Kenneth Iyeki: \"This is a scene from the roof of an old stable. The latrine building which served our area [?] to the left. To the right is barrack #16 and between the two buildings is the stable where the batchelors [sic] used to sit all day and talk. Beyond the stable, partially hidden from view is the mess hall (#8) and beyond that, seen between an opening in the trees is the grandstand. In the lower left is a fire main which I doubt in case of a fire would ever spout forth anything, much less water.\"","extent":"8.5W x 5.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-392-6","creators":[{"role":"illustrator","namepart":"Iyeki, Kenneth Nobuji"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers -- Arts and literature","id":"171"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers -- Living conditions","id":"62"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ikeyki, Kenneth Nobuji"}],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"San Bruno, California","id":"136"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"illustration","location":"San Bruno, California","facility":[{"term":"Tanforan","id":"15"}],"creation":"August 29, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Iyeki, Kenneth Nobuji illustrator Ikeyki, Kenneth Nobuji","download_large":"ddr-densho-392-6-mezzanine-c01ae3b432-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-392-11","model":"entity","index":"21 921/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-392-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-392-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-392/ddr-densho-392-11-mezzanine-3823d6c40b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-392/ddr-densho-392-11-mezzanine-3823d6c40b-a.jpg"},"title":"Drawing of the social hall at Tanforan Assembly Center","description":"Caption written by Kenneth Iyeki: \"This structure in Tanforan served many purposes. It is adjacent to the huge grandstand and tangent by a stairway. Upstairs in the hall, the internees held dances, badminton, and it was used as a place where visitors could come and see their evacuated friends. The ground level which is under the tree was used to issue canteen tickets. On such days, the ground in front of the social hall would be packed with people waiting patiently for their canteen tickets. At first, visitors were allowed to go out on the [?], but later restrictions became more strict.\"","extent":"8.5W x 5.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-392-11","creators":[{"role":"illustrator","namepart":"Iyeki, Kenneth Nobuji"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers -- Arts and literature","id":"171"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers -- Social and recreational activities","id":"63"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ikeyki, Kenneth Nobuji"}],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"San Bruno, California","id":"136"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"illustration","location":"San Bruno, California","facility":[{"term":"Tanforan","id":"15"}],"creation":"c. Apr.-Oct. 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Iyeki, Kenneth Nobuji illustrator Ikeyki, Kenneth Nobuji","download_large":"ddr-densho-392-11-mezzanine-3823d6c40b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-325-37","model":"entity","index":"22 922/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-325-37/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-325-37/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-325/ddr-densho-325-37-mezzanine-3858dcd705-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-325/ddr-densho-325-37-mezzanine-3858dcd705-a.jpg"},"title":"Page of Hisa Nimura Horiuchi Scrapbook","description":"This page of the scrapbook shows documents from two distinct periods of Hisa's wartime life. At the top is the form where Hisa formally requests to drop out of high school after her father is forced to move to the Santa Fe Department of Justice Internment Camp after being branded a trouble maker. While not directly stated on the request form, Hisa viewed dropping out of school as a sort of protest of her father's removal from Tule Lake. The bottom two documents are from later concerning HIsa's travel arrangements to leave Tule Lake after the end of World War II.","extent":"12W x 12H","links_children":"ddr-densho-325-37","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Wilhite, Dorothy"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp","id":"101"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Other forms of resistance","id":"98"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Nimura Horiuchi Family","rights":"cc","genre":"album","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"status":"completed","search_hidden":"Wilhite, Dorothy author","download_large":"ddr-densho-325-37-mezzanine-3858dcd705-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-400-11","model":"entity","index":"23 923/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-400-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-400-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-400/ddr-densho-400-11-mezzanine-8822601225-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-400/ddr-densho-400-11-mezzanine-8822601225-a.jpg"},"title":"Midori Kamei Interview","description":"Midori Kamei was born on July 21, 1923, in Redondo Beach, California. She grew up in North Torrance where her parents farmed. Kamei was imprisoned briefly with her family at the Santa Anita Race Track in California and at the concentration camp at Heart Mountain, Wyoming. Kamei left Heart Mountain to attend college in Colorado. She later earned a master's degree from Columbia University in New York City. After the war, she remained active with Asian American community and political organizations.\r\n\r\nThis interview is part of the South Bay History Project created by the South Bay Chapter of the Japanese American Citizens League.","extent":"1:04:26","links_children":"ddr-densho-400-11","creators":[{"role":"narrator","namepart":"Midori Kamei"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Bryan Inoue"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Torrance, California","facility":[{"term":"Santa Anita","id":"23"},{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"June 28, 2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Midori Kamei narrator \nBryan Inoue interviewer","download_large":"ddr-densho-400-11-mezzanine-8822601225-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-400-1","model":"entity","index":"24 924/{'value': 1642, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-400-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-400-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-400/ddr-densho-400-1-mezzanine-70dda47d00-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-400/ddr-densho-400-1-mezzanine-70dda47d00-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Endo Interview","description":"Frank Endo was born in Wilmington, California, on April 20,1923, and grew up on Terminal Island, California. He taught gymnastics at Santa Anita, California, Race Track and at the concentration camp in Amache, Colorado, where he was imprisoned. Endo worked in Chicago during WWII and served in the U.S. Army's Military Intelligence Service. He participated in the war crimes tribunal investigations in Osaka, Japan. Endo married in Japan and brought his wife back to live in Gardena, California.\r\n\r\nThis interview is part of the South Bay History Project created by the South Bay Chapter of the Japanese American Citizens League.","extent":"1:43:46","links_children":"ddr-densho-400-1","creators":[{"role":"narrator","namepart":"Frank Endo"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Ike Hachimonji"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"South Bay JACL","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Gardena, California","facility":[{"term":"Santa Anita","id":"23"},{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"April 23, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Endo narrator \nIke Hachimonji interviewer","download_large":"ddr-densho-400-1-mezzanine-70dda47d00-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Where","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}