(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:48:49","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-23","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":165,"namepart":"Art Hansen"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"February 22, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Art Hansen narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-hart-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-40-22","model":"entity","index":"5 455/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-40-22/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-40-22/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-40/ddr-pc-40-22-mezzanine-bbe36ba34a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-40/ddr-pc-40-22-mezzanine-bbe36ba34a-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 66, No. 22 (May 31, 1968)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Equal housing opportunities in Washington state boosted\" (p. 1), \"Fr. Tibesar recalls JACL meeting day after Pearl Harbor incident\" (p. 1), \"TV writer still complains of JACL protest. Admits no Nisei has sold American secrets to Japan in wartime\" (p. 1), \"Cultural pluralism fits America than melting pot idea\" (p. 1), \"Inouye warns of long, difficult Paris meetings. Bloodshed in Vietnam to continue despite peace negotiations\" (p. 2), \"Japanese culture exploding on U.S. campus\" (p. 3), \"Are the Sansei in America fully accepted\" (p. 4), \"3 timely events of '68 pertain to civil rights\" (p. 4), \"Nisei must address its own racism\" (p. 5), \"New threats to civil rights seen in Sale Streets and Crime Control bill\" (p. 6), \"Hawaiians to vote for constitutional convention delegates; state reapportionment is main reason\" (p. 8).","extent":"15W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-40-22","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"Vietnam War","id":"468"},{"term":"Community activities -- Sports -- Boxing","id":"317"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics -- Hawaiian statehood -- Constitutional convention","id":"237"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Enomoto, Jerry"},{"namepart":"Hayasaka, Philip"},{"namepart":"Tibesar, Leopold"},{"namepart":"Abiko, Yas"},{"namepart":"Nikaido, Roger"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry K."},{"namepart":"Marutani, Bill"},{"namepart":"Eto, Robin"},{"namepart":"Hayashi, Don"},{"namepart":"Hotta, Yosh"},{"namepart":"Matsui Jeffrey"},{"namepart":"Kumamoto, Alan"},{"namepart":"Machida, Dennis"},{"namepart":"Ishimoto, Paul"},{"namepart":"Ishimoto, Norman"},{"namepart":"Murayama, Tamotsu"},{"namepart":"Beekman, Allan"},{"namepart":"Gima, Richard"},{"namepart":"Satoda, Yone"},{"namepart":"Okada, Noriaki"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"May 31, 1968","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher Enomoto, Jerry \nHayasaka, Philip \nTibesar, Leopold \nAbiko, Yas \nNikaido, Roger \nHosokawa, Bill \nHonda, Harry K. \nMarutani, Bill \nEto, Robin \nHayashi, Don \nHotta, Yosh \nMatsui Jeffrey \nKumamoto, Alan \nMachida, Dennis \nIshimoto, Paul \nIshimoto, Norman \nMurayama, Tamotsu \nBeekman, Allan \nGima, Richard \nSatoda, Yone \nOkada, Noriaki","download_large":"ddr-pc-40-22-mezzanine-bbe36ba34a-a.jpg"},{"id":"45","model":"narrator","index":"6 456/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/45/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/45/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kgeorge.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kgeorge.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/45/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Koshi","bio":"Kibei male. Born June 16, 1911, in Greeley, Colorado. Raised in Denver, Colorado, until the age of five. Sent to Japan for schooling in 1917 and returned to the U.S. at the age of seventeen. Continued his education to eventually become the first Nikkei attorney in the state of Colorado. Drafted into the U.S. Army in March, 1942, and became a member of the Military Intelligence Service (MIS); served as an instructor of Japanese language in the MIS Language School and then as a language specialist in Washington, D.C., and the Pacific Military Intelligence Research Section (PACMIRS) in Maryland. Was hired as a civilian by the U.S. government postwar to provide legal counsel to defendants in the war crimes trials in Japan, and later, supervise Japanese legal and judicial reform. Received a medal commendation from the Japanese government for work in connection with the reformation of Japan's judicial system."},{"id":"1035","model":"narrator","index":"7 457/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1035/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1035/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-sjacl-2-37_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-sjacl-2-37_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1035/interviews/"},"display_name":"Arlene Oki","bio":"Elaine Kim and Dr. Kyle Kinoshita interviewed Arlene Oki. Oki is a longtime Seattle JACLer and is the heart of the Seattle JACL Board for over 40 years. She began as a recording secretary at a critical time during Redress and witnessed the heated conflicts during the hammering out of Seattle's leadership of the movement. Oki is a staunch advocate of JA/API representation in all aspects of society, of JA/API political presence in elective and administrative department executive positions, and of the need for ongoing Youth Leadership and Youth Development programs. Oki was instrumental in Seattle JACL's support in establishing the Japanese Cultural and Community Center of Washington, as well as many other programs. A self-admitted \"political junkie\", Arlene has followed the national and state political scene from a young age and reflects deeply on the impact on the Japanese American community."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-26-24","model":"entity","index":"8 458/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-24/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-26-24/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-26/ddr-csujad-26-24-mezzanine-4359b82788-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-26/ddr-csujad-26-24-mezzanine-4359b82788-a.jpg"},"title":"Population and ecology","description":"Comparison of Tule Lake incarceree population statistics collected by the Division of Housing and Employment to the 1940 US Census statistics of Japanese Americans from California, Oregon and Washington. Examines how expelled communities disbursed at Tule Lake via housing records, age and gender distribution, religious affiliation, and the number of births at Tule Lake up to January 1, 1942. Report compiled as a portion of the Japanese American Evacuation and Resettlement Study (JERS). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_02_34-35","extent":"2 pages handwritten, 53 pages typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-26-24","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon","id":"284"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington","id":"290"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Department of Special Research Collections, UC Santa Barbara Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"[1942]","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-26-24-mezzanine-4359b82788-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-52-15","model":"entity","index":"9 459/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-52-15/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-52-15/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-52/ddr-csujad-52-15-mezzanine-961b6bf4d7-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-52/ddr-csujad-52-15-mezzanine-961b6bf4d7-a.jpg"},"title":"Attorney General Dick Thornburgh presents three elderly Japanese-Americans with redress checks","description":"The caption above the photograph reads, \"WASHINGTON, Oct. 9--ON BENDED KNEE--Attorney General Dick Thonburgh [Thornburgh] crouches on bended knee to present $20,000 checks to three elderly Japanese-Americans interned during World War II, during a ceremony at the Justice Department Tuesday. Accepting the checks are, from left: Kisa Iseri, Ontario, Ore., Hau Dairiki, Sacramento, Calif., and Mamoru Eto, Santa Monica, Calif. They were also presented with a signed apology from President Bush for their wrongful detention.\" See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: hslb_npc_0019","extent":"black and white, 8 x 10 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-52-15","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Associated Press"}],"topics":[{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Receiving redress checks and apology","id":"117"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Historical Society of Long Beach, Long Beach, California","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"Washington, DC","creation":"10/9/1990","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Associated Press publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-52-15-mezzanine-961b6bf4d7-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-29-11","model":"entity","index":"10 460/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-29-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-29-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-29/ddr-csujad-29-11-mezzanine-b44cde050e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-29/ddr-csujad-29-11-mezzanine-b44cde050e-a.jpg"},"title":"An Oral History with Seiko Ishida","description":"Retired Kibei teacher recounts samurai parents' background and their immigration to Seattle, Washington; socioeconomic composition of Seattle's Japanese community; earlier teacher training; prewar stays in Japan as a child and as a tutor in a missionary family; experiences as a teacher in the wartime resettlement in New York; and postwar return to Los Angeles. This oral history was conducted for the Japanese American Oral History Project, Oral History Program, CSU Fullerton. Transcript is found in item: csufccop_jaoh_0010. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: 1339_T01","extent":"1:34:07","links_children":"ddr-csujad-29-11","creators":[{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Ishida, Seiko"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Hansen, Arthur A."},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"California State University, Fullerton. Center for Oral and Public History"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"Japan -- Pre-World War II","id":"163"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Educators","id":"356"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Bainbridge Island","id":"291"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation -- Discriminatory laws","id":"177"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Religion and churches","id":"29"},{"term":"Japan -- Pre-World War II","id":"163"},{"term":"Japan -- United States civilians","id":"380"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture","id":"6"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture","id":"6"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture -- Farmers' markets and stands","id":"7"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Food","id":"68"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence","id":"94"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Conflicts, intimidation, and violence","id":"162"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Conflicts, intimidation, and violence -- Manzanar riot/uprising","id":"414"},{"term":"World War II -- Japanese American Citizens League activities","id":"400"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Citizen isolation centers","id":"413"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Work leave","id":"103"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Fullerton Center for Oral and Public History","rights":"pcc","genre":"interview","location":"South Gate, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"8/6/1974","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ishida, Seiko interviewee \nHansen, Arthur A. interviewer \nCalifornia State University, Fullerton. Center for Oral and Public History publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-29-11-mezzanine-b44cde050e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-493-38","model":"entity","index":"11 461/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-493-38/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-493-38/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-493/ddr-densho-493-38-mezzanine-649284fdc3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-493/ddr-densho-493-38-mezzanine-649284fdc3-a.jpg"},"title":"\"People from the Prefecture\" 20th Anniversary book by the Hiroshima Kenjinkai in Seattle","description":"Business and biographical directory of the Hiroshima Kenjinkai, created to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the founding of the organization and celebrate the successes of many of the Washington State Issei. Includes photographs and biographical blurbs of notable figures and Kenjinkai members. Page 415 is marked with a post-it note identifying Koichiro Itabashi (\"younger brother\"), Buichiro \"Johnny\" Itabashi, and Mr. Watanabe in the photograph. Note also reads \"Buichiro was the first dairy farmer in Auburn to own milking machines. He went to Wisconsin to buy his dairy cows.\" Page 419 is marked with a post-it note identifying \"Buichiro 'Johnny' Itabashi with nephew Tomio Itabashi.\"","extent":"11.75W x 8.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-493-38","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Hiroshima Kenjinkai"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Hiroshima Kenjinkai"},{"namepart":"Jackson Photography Studio"},{"namepart":"Hirota, Morinobu"},{"namepart":"Matsunaga, Naokichi"},{"namepart":"Kota, Junkichi"},{"namepart":"Tanaka, Kamekuro"},{"namepart":"Fukuda, Matasuke"},{"namepart":"Yamanaka, Etsuzo"},{"namepart":"Yamanaka, Shigekichi"},{"namepart":"Takai, Kikumatsu"},{"namepart":"Kubota, Kikusuke"},{"namepart":"Kajimura, Kameo"},{"namepart":"Yonemura, Rokusuke"},{"namepart":"Yoshida, Torajiro"},{"namepart":"Matsumura, Suezo"},{"namepart":"Aoki, Akira"},{"namepart":"Watanabe, Shigekazu"},{"namepart":"Watanabe, Kaizo"},{"namepart":"Koda, Tomokichi"},{"namepart":"Kihara, Ryuichi"},{"namepart":"Yoshida, Sho"},{"namepart":"Sakata, Shinkichi"},{"namepart":"Yamada, Suematsu"},{"namepart":"Aochi, Yasakichi"},{"namepart":"Tabuna, Yoshitaro"},{"namepart":"Mizuta, Manjiro"},{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Heitaro"},{"namepart":"Hashimoto, Kaichi"},{"namepart":"Hara, Keigo"},{"namepart":"Nagata, Sadakazu"},{"namepart":"Nagata, Naokazu"},{"namepart":"Yamada, Masakazu"},{"namepart":"Yamada, Kanichi"},{"namepart":"Yamada, Asataro"},{"namepart":"Kato, Usabutou"},{"namepart":"Okubo, Isaburo"},{"namepart":"Kaneshige, Naoichi"},{"namepart":"Okuda, Yutaro"},{"namepart":"Yamamoto, Yobuyoshi"},{"namepart":"Ueda, Genjiro"},{"namepart":"Yamazaki, Koichi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"book","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"Circa 1920","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hiroshima Kenjinkai publisher Hiroshima Kenjinkai \nJackson Photography Studio \nHirota, Morinobu \nMatsunaga, Naokichi \nKota, Junkichi \nTanaka, Kamekuro \nFukuda, Matasuke \nYamanaka, Etsuzo \nYamanaka, Shigekichi \nTakai, Kikumatsu \nKubota, Kikusuke \nKajimura, Kameo \nYonemura, Rokusuke \nYoshida, Torajiro \nMatsumura, Suezo \nAoki, Akira \nWatanabe, Shigekazu \nWatanabe, Kaizo \nKoda, Tomokichi \nKihara, Ryuichi \nYoshida, Sho \nSakata, Shinkichi \nYamada, Suematsu \nAochi, Yasakichi \nTabuna, Yoshitaro \nMizuta, Manjiro \nMatsumoto, Heitaro \nHashimoto, Kaichi \nHara, Keigo \nNagata, Sadakazu \nNagata, Naokazu \nYamada, Masakazu \nYamada, Kanichi \nYamada, Asataro \nKato, Usabutou \nOkubo, Isaburo \nKaneshige, Naoichi \nOkuda, Yutaro \nYamamoto, Yobuyoshi \nUeda, Genjiro \nYamazaki, Koichi","download_large":"ddr-densho-493-38-mezzanine-649284fdc3-a.jpg"},{"id":"173","model":"narrator","index":"12 462/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/173/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/173/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/jpramila.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/jpramila.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/173/interviews/"},"display_name":"Pramila Jayapal","bio":"Born September 21, 1965 in Madras, India. Attended the Jakarta International School in Indonesia before moving to the United States to attend college at Georgetown University. Worked as an investment banker in New York City as well as in the management development program for Physio-Control. Currently, Pramila is the founder and Executive Director of Hate Free Zone Washington. An activist and writer, Pramila has been actively involved in international and domestic social justice issues for over 12 years, working across Africa, Asia and Latin America as well as domestically with immigrant and refugee communities in Washington state. She speaks frequently at universities and community events on issues of gender, globalization, development and community. She serves on several boards including Chaya, a non-profit organization serving South Asian women in crisis; the Institute of Current World Affairs; and Hedgebrook Women Writers Retreat. Pramila has a Masters in Business Administration from Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management, and a B.A. from Georgetown University in English and Economics. She is also the author of Pilgrimage to India: A Woman Revisits Her Homeland (Seal Press, 2000). Pramila and HFZ Campaign have received several awards and recognitions for its work, including the City of Seattle's 2002 Civil Rights Award, the Washington Bar Association's Access to Justice Community Leadership Award, the Japanese American Citizens League Leadership Award, the Northwest Asian Weekly Foundation's Community Leaders Award, a leadership award from Congressman Jim McDermott, and the Ecumenical Leadership Award from the Washington Association of Churches. In January 2004, Pramila was named one of the top ten Puget Sound regional leaders by the Seattle Times Editorial Board."},{"id":"1046","model":"narrator","index":"13 463/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1046/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1046/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-sjacl-2-34_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-sjacl-2-34_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1046/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kyle Kinoshita","bio":"In this interview, Brent Sato and Joy Misako St. Germain interviewed Dr. Kyle Kinoshita to discuss Kinoshita's mother's, the late Cherry Kinoshita and Kyle Kinoshita's contributions to the JACL and the JA community. \"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize,\" could well have been Cherry Kinoshita's mantra. She was the linchpin in the Seattle JACL and National JACL's effort to achieve redress for the WWII injustices wrought upon Japanese Americans. Densho described her as one of the \"Five Bad Ass Japanese American Women that You Probably Didn't Learn About in History Class.\" A tireless, indefatigable fighter, she was also a gentle thoughtful strategist. Cherry Kinoshita was a recipient of a 2004 Washington State Jefferson Award, as well as awards from National JACL and the Emperor of Japan, bestowed by Seattle's Japanese consulate. Her son, Dr. Kyle Kinoshita, continued his mother's quest for social justice and equity in his profession in the education field and his ongoing volunteer work in a myriad of community activities."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-27","model":"entity","index":"14 464/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-27/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-27/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-iryo-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-iryo-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Ryo Imamura Interview","description":"Sansei male, born April 28, 1944, in the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. His father was the late Rev. Kanmo Imamura, a former Bishop of Hawaii and a minister for the Hawaii Kyodan and the Buddhist Churches of America (BCA). His mother Jane Imamura composed many of the children's gathas sung in the Dharma Schools. Both of his grandfathers were Issei ministers, who were instrumental in bringing Jodo Shin Buddhism to America at the beginning of the century. His paternal grandfather was Bishop Yemyo Imamura of the Hawaii Kyodan. And his maternal grandfather was Rev. Issei Matsuura of the Buddhist Churches of America. He received a Bachelor's degree in Mathematics from the University of California at Berkeley, a Master's degree in Counseling from the San Francisco State University, and a Doctorate degree in Counseling Psychology from the University of San Francisco. He received the tokudo and kyoshi ordinations in Kyoto in 1971-2 after which he was a minister for the Hawaii Kyodan and director of the Buddhist Study Center for 4 years and a BCA minister for 11 years. Before moving to Washington in 1988, he was a psychotherapist in California and co-founder of the East-West Counseling Center. Currently he is a professor of Psychology at The Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington. The focus of his teaching and research is East-West Psychology with an emphasis on Buddhist thought and practice.","extent":"02:52:23","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-27","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":31,"namepart":"Ryo Imamura"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Stephen Fugita"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Erin Kimura"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Hamada"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015b11b","namepart":"Imamura, Michael Ryo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Olympia, Washington","creation":"August 3, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ryo Imamura narrator \nStephen Fugita interviewer \nErin Kimura interviewer \nSteve Hamada videographer Imamura, Michael Ryo 88922nr015b11b","download_large":"denshovh-iryo-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-25-29","model":"entity","index":"15 465/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-25-29/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-25-29/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-25/ddr-csujad-25-29-mezzanine-f0614a9769-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-25/ddr-csujad-25-29-mezzanine-f0614a9769-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese family","description":"A page from an album containing Japanese family photographs. Five photographs are pasted on the page. The photographs appear to be taken in Washington in the early 1900s. A photograph of a family includes Japanese men in suits, a Japanese woman in western dress, and children. Also include photographs of Japanese children: a portrait of boys in school uniform and a girl in kimono; and a photograph of three male children in kimono. Also includes a house and a Japanese man with a car. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: jia_07_01_029","extent":"black and white","links_children":"ddr-csujad-25-29","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington","id":"290"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Nevada","id":"501"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Women","id":"515"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Department of Special Research Collections, UC Santa Barbara Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"album","location":"[Washington]","creation":"1900-1939","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-25-29-mezzanine-f0614a9769-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-29-12","model":"entity","index":"16 466/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-29-12/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-29-12/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-29/ddr-csujad-29-12-mezzanine-fcd1410bb4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-29/ddr-csujad-29-12-mezzanine-fcd1410bb4-a.jpg"},"title":"An Oral History with Ikuko Amatatsu Watanabe","description":"Nisei district manager of an educational corporation discusses samurai ancestry; childhood on Bainbridge Island, Washington, and makeup of Bainbridge Japanese community; incarceration at the Manzanar camp, California, including circumstances as to why Bainbridge Islanders were transferred to the Minidoka camp in Idaho; wartime resettlement to Chicago; and postwar years in California, with particular attention to discriminatory housing policies. This oral history was conducted for the Japanese American Oral History Project, Oral History Program, CSU Fullerton. Transcript is found in item: csufccop_jaoh_0019. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: 1363_T01","extent":"3:09:19","links_children":"ddr-csujad-29-12","creators":[{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Watanabe, Ikuko Amatatsu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Hansen, Arthur A."},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"California State University, Fullerton. Center for Oral and Public History"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Bainbridge Island","id":"291"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Fullerton Center for Oral and Public History","rights":"pcc","genre":"interview","location":"Fullerton, California; Bainbridge Island, Washington; Manzanar, California; Hunt, Idaho; Glendale, California; Chicago, Illinois; Orange County, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"},{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"7/24/1974","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Watanabe, Ikuko Amatatsu interviewee \nHansen, Arthur A. interviewer \nCalifornia State University, Fullerton. Center for Oral and Public History publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-29-12-mezzanine-fcd1410bb4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-sjacl-1-521","model":"entity","index":"17 467/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-sjacl-1-521/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-sjacl-1-521/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-sjacl-1/ddr-sjacl-1-521-mezzanine-82e2a623f3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-sjacl-1/ddr-sjacl-1-521-mezzanine-82e2a623f3-a.jpg"},"title":"Seattle Chapter, JACL Reporter, Vol. 41, No. 9, September 2004","description":"Newsletter covering the following topics: Response to Michelle Malkin who released a book ?In Defense of Internment: The Case for Racial Profiling?; Report on Aki Kurose Beautification Day; NHAW selects Japanese Language School as site; Bill Tashima recaps Honolulu Convention: Sara Cardinelli, PNWDC Oratorical Contest entrant, Seattle introduces two resolutions-one calling for opposing Constitutional Amendment banning Gay Marriage, ruled redundant to existing National Council policy; a second passed calling for a National Curriculum on the WWII JA experience and to secure a state mandate in all states to teach this curriculum; Fall Fundraising Appeal; JACL opposes Tim Eyman?s I-892 that doubles legal gambling in Washington; Civil Rights committee hold membership event at WLAM.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-sjacl-1-521","creators":[{"role":"Seattle Chapter, JACL","namepart":"publisher"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"Aug. 2107","status":"completed","search_hidden":"publisher Seattle Chapter, JACL","download_large":"ddr-sjacl-1-521-mezzanine-82e2a623f3-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-29-9","model":"entity","index":"18 468/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-29-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-29-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-9-mezzanine-2e93ea250e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-9-mezzanine-2e93ea250e-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 44, No. 9 (March 1, 1957)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Noted Oregonians Honored for Wartime Service to Nisei, JACL\" (p. 1); Bill Hosokawa Promoted Post's Exec. News Ed\" (p. 1); Shonien 'red carp,' JACL 'pinwheel' on L.A. museum exhibit\" (p. 1); No. Calif. Japanese Americans launch $5,000 campaign for Immigration Museum\" (p. 1); \"Issei, Nisei, Sansei...Sensei\" (p. 2); \"Seek central camp in Orange County for Japan farm laborers\" (p. 3); \"Salt Lake JACL supports civil rights bill pending before Utah legislature\" (p. 3); \"Disneyland Hotel Reserved for Pacific Southwest Convention\" (p. 4); \"Repeal of Washington State Alien Land Law Motted by JACL\" (p. 5); \"JATB Travelers slap Zebras with 82-71 loss before over 500\" (p. 6); \"Bill Kajikawa resigns head basketball mentor post at Arizona State College\" (p. 6); \"Taul Watanabe in Japan sizing up new enterprises\" (p. 8); \"Ex-Tule Lake head to install cabinet at Santa Barbara\" (p. 8); \"Senate to vote on civil rights bill\" (p. 8); \"Honor new citizens at Snake River fete\" (p. 8)","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-29-9","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics -- Lobbying","id":"238"},{"term":"Arts and literature -- Visual arts","id":"180"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon","id":"284"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington","id":"290"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Community activities -- Sports","id":"24"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Journalism","id":"360"},{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Mobilizing and organizing the community","id":"111"},{"term":"Reflections on the past -- Exhibitions","id":"394"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"03/01/1957","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-29-9-mezzanine-2e93ea250e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-sjacl-2-24","model":"entity","index":"19 469/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-sjacl-2-24/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-sjacl-2-24/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-sjacl-2/ddr-sjacl-2-24-1-mezzanine-b489b039f3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-sjacl-2/ddr-sjacl-2-24-1-mezzanine-b489b039f3-a.jpg"},"title":"Janice Deguchi Interview","description":"Alison Fujimoto and Joy St. Germain interviewed 1998 Chapter President, Janice Deguchi. During her tenure, third generation Sansei Deguchi was one of the youngest Chapter Presidents. Deguchi helped lead the Chapter in forming a coalition of PoC groups to fight an initiative that would bar Affirmative Action programs in Washington State. Although unsuccessful, Deguchi and other JACLers used this momentum to keep the coalition together in a revised APACE (Asian Pacific American Coalition for Equality) organization. Deguchi, along with Jill Beppu, oversaw the three-year project to install an art mural at the Pike Place Market to commemorate the JA farmers at the market who prior to WWII made up 2/3's of the stalls, but were never to return after the war.","extent":"0:41:32","links_children":"ddr-sjacl-2-24","creators":[{"role":"narrator","id":1024,"namepart":"Janice Deguchi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alison Fujimoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Joy Misako St. Germain"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Seattle JACL","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"11-Nov-20","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Janice Deguchi narrator \nAlison Fujimoto interviewer \nJoy Misako St. Germain interviewer","download_large":"ddr-sjacl-2-24-1-mezzanine-b489b039f3-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-sjacl-1-311","model":"entity","index":"20 470/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-sjacl-1-311/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-sjacl-1-311/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-sjacl-1/ddr-sjacl-1-311-mezzanine-14e3fce532-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-sjacl-1/ddr-sjacl-1-311-mezzanine-14e3fce532-a.jpg"},"title":"Seattle Chapter, JACL Reporter, Vol. XIX, No. 7, July-August 1982","description":"Newsletter covering the following topics: Chapter vote on endorsing ?People?s Campaign to Urge an End to Nuclear Arms Madness and Participate in the Campaign?s Oct. 2nd Fund Raiser, the ?Legs against Arms? fun run; 90 people attended JACL Fun nite; Seattle JACL joins a coalition in a amicus curiae brief in a successful Supreme Court decision to overturn a Washington State initiative vote to do away with mandatory busing. Sam Shoji says ?+E317 It is rare hat a small organization is able to participate in the Supreme Case that we should be proud; article by Robert Hosokawa (Bill Hosokawa brother?on ?40 years ago, interned;\" article on Japanese Canadians interned 40 years ago; very lengthy and nice article on Uhachi and Minoru Tamesa.","extent":"8.5W x 14H","links_children":"ddr-sjacl-1-311","creators":[{"role":"Seattle Chapter, JACL","namepart":"publisher"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"Jul.-Aug. 1982","status":"completed","search_hidden":"publisher Seattle Chapter, JACL","download_large":"ddr-sjacl-1-311-mezzanine-14e3fce532-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-112","model":"entity","index":"21 471/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-112/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-112/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-112-mezzanine-15d8b55736-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-112-mezzanine-15d8b55736-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter written on behalf of Keizaburo Koyama by Mr. and Mrs. A.C. Goodenough. Page 1 of 4.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified letter written to Dr. William G. Everson, President of Linnfield College in McMinneville, Oregon and Chairman of the Alien Enemy Hearing Board by Mr. and Mrs. A.C. Goodenough. This is the first page of a four page letter. They are writing in response to a letter by Mrs. Alice Nichols of Seattle, Washington about Dr. Koyama. They state that they have known the Koyamas for 14 years, first meeting them when they were newly married and with a small child. The Goodenoughs mention that Dr. Koyama was still in dental school and that his wife, though Japanese, was very Americanized. Mrs. Nichols was acquaintances with the Koyamas and introduced them to the Goodenoughs shortly after the Koyamas left Seattle for Portland. Soon after arriving, Mrs. Koyama became ill and the Goodenoughs stepped in to help the family.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-112","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Goodenough, Mrs. A.C."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Support from the non-Japanese American community","id":"80"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Goodenough, Mrs. A.C."},{"namepart":"Goodenough, Mr. A.C."},{"namepart":"Nichols, Alice"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Dr. Kei"},{"namepart":"Everson, Dr. William G."}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Seattle","id":"293"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Portland, Oregon","creation":"January 21, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Goodenough, Mrs. A.C. author Goodenough, Mrs. A.C. \nGoodenough, Mr. A.C. \nNichols, Alice \nKoyama, Dr. Kei \nEverson, Dr. William G.","download_large":"ddr-one-5-112-mezzanine-15d8b55736-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-sjacl-1-278","model":"entity","index":"22 472/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-sjacl-1-278/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-sjacl-1-278/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-sjacl-1/ddr-sjacl-1-278-mezzanine-31f038f7fe-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-sjacl-1/ddr-sjacl-1-278-mezzanine-31f038f7fe-a.jpg"},"title":"Seattle Chapter, JACL Reporter, Vol. XVI, No. 4, April 1979","description":"Newsletter covering the following topics: Japanese Doctor to examine hibakusha victims in Seattle, Ken Nakano chair; Akemi Matsumoto announces 4 scholarship, 3-$450 and 1-$300; Ron Mamiya out as National Redress Committee Member?Interesting article on rift between National JACL and Seattle over carrying out the mandate from JACL National Council votes. Some big names like Bill Marutani and Min Yasui will not support Seattle?s program. Ron believed National was trying to exclude PNW leadership in redress and thus resigned; Seattle JACL confronted by Nikkei parents on desegregation. A letter to the Superintendent was postponed until more facts on the plan could be uncovered; Gov Dixy Lee Ray proclaims February 19, 1979 a State wide ?Day of Remembrance? in honor and recognition of Washington?s Japanese Americans; Pike Place Market Preservation Authority to begin oral history project.","extent":"8.5W x 14H","links_children":"ddr-sjacl-1-278","creators":[{"role":"Seattle Chapter, JACL","namepart":"publisher"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"Apr. 1979","status":"completed","search_hidden":"publisher Seattle Chapter, JACL","download_large":"ddr-sjacl-1-278-mezzanine-31f038f7fe-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1004-11","model":"entity","index":"23 473/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1004-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1004-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1004/denshovh-hgrant-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1004/denshovh-hgrant-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Grant Hirabayashi Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born November 9, 1919, in Thomas, Washington. Went to Japan at age twelve, attended school, and returned to the U.S. as a high school student. Enlisted in the army just prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and was eventually recruited for the Military Intelligence Service. Selected as one of fourteen Japanese Americans to fight with \"Merrill's Marauders.\" After the war, worked in Japan during the U.S. occupation, and became involved with the war crimes trials. Went on to work for the State Department and the Library of Congress.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:40:12","links_children":"ddr-densho-1004-11","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":208,"namepart":"Grant Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"gayle k. yamada"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Mario Vizcarra"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"gayle k. yamada Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Silver Spring, Maryland","creation":"November 19, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Grant Hirabayashi narrator \ngayle k. yamada interviewer \nMario Vizcarra videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgrant-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1001-41","model":"entity","index":"24 474/{'value': 495, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1001-41/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1001-41/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-hgrant_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-hgrant_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Grant Hirabayashi Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born November 9, 1919, in Thomas, Washington. Went to Japan at age twelve, attended school, and returned to the U.S. as a high school student. Enlisted in the army just prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and was eventually recruited for the Military Intelligence Service. Selected as one of fourteen Japanese Americans to fight with \"Merrill's Marauders.\" After the war, worked in Japan during the U.S. occupation, and became involved with the war crimes trials. Went on to work for the State Department and the Library of Congress.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:25:38","links_children":"ddr-densho-1001-41","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":208,"namepart":"Grant Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"John de Chadenedes"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","creation":"July 27, 2008","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Grant Hirabayashi narrator \nJohn de Chadenedes interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-hgrant_2-01-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Washington state","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}