(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:09:36","links_children":"ddr-densho-1016-1","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":215,"namepart":"Fred Shiosaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Andrea Dilley"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Whitworth College-North by Northwest Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Spokane, Washington","creation":"2003-2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fred Shiosaki narrator \nAndrea Dilley interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-sfred-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"172","model":"narrator","index":"9 334/{'value': 385, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/172/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/172/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/krichard.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/krichard.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/172/interviews/"},"display_name":"Richard Kosaki","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 14, 1924, in Waikiki, Hawaii. Attended McKinley High School, where he was student body president, just prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941. Served as a language instructor for the U.S. Military Intelligence Service during World War II, and was stationed in Japan during the U.S. occupation. Earned PhD in the 1950s before taking a position at the University of Hawaii at Manoa as an assistant professor. Worked in Washington, D.C., on Lyndon Johnson's presidential campaign. Was instrumental in establishing Hawaii's system of community colleges, notably the Hawaii Tokai International College. Dr. Kosaki is currently the Chancellor Emeritus of the University of Hawaii at Manoa, and is a senior consultant for the Japanese American National Museum's International Nikkei Research Project."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-36","model":"entity","index":"10 335/{'value': 385, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-36/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-36/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kminoru-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kminoru-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Minoru Kiyota Interview","description":"Kibei male, born October 12, 1923, in Seattle, Washington. Raised primarily in San Francisco, California, spending four years in Hiratsuka, Japan. Was incarcerated with his family at Topaz concentration camp, Utah. Refused to sign the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" and as a consequence was moved to Tule Lake Segregation Center, California. In Tule, he renounced his U.S. citizenship in protest of the incarceration his treatment in camp, and the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" Shortly thereafter he regretted his actions and attempted to rescind his decision. (It would be ten years before he would regain his citizenship.) After being released from Tule Lake in March 1946 he accepted a scholarship to College of the Ozarks, Arkansas, transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, and then served overseas in the U.S. Air Force Intelligence during the Korean War until his renunciation was discovered. After being dismissed from the air force he stayed in Japan, earning a master's and doctorate degree from Tokyo University. Published an autobiographical work in Japan entitled \"Nikkei hangyakuji,\" which was translated into English as \"Beyond Loyalty: The Story of a Kibei.\"
(This interview was conducted at the 1998 Tule Lake Pilgrimage held at Klamath Falls, Oregon and at the site of Tule Lake incarceration camp in California. Given the limited time available during this event, the length and breadth of this interview are shorter than other Densho interviews.)","extent":"01:04:25","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-36","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":43,"namepart":"Minoru Kiyota"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tracy Lai"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Hamada"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0089q5w","namepart":"Kiyota, Minoru"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Klamath Falls, Oregon","creation":"July 3, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Minoru Kiyota narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nTracy Lai interviewer \nSteve Hamada videographer Kiyota, Minoru 88922nr0089q5w","download_large":"denshovh-kminoru-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"31","model":"narrator","index":"11 336/{'value': 385, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/31/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/31/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iryo.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iryo.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/31/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ryo Imamura","bio":"Sansei male, born April 28, 1944, in the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. His father was the late Rev. Kanmo Imamura, a former Bishop of Hawaii and a minister for the Hawaii Kyodan and the Buddhist Churches of America (BCA). His mother Jane Imamura composed many of the children's gathas sung in the Dharma Schools. Both of his grandfathers were Issei ministers, who were instrumental in bringing Jodo Shin Buddhism to America at the beginning of the century. His paternal grandfather was Bishop Yemyo Imamura of the Hawaii Kyodan. And his maternal grandfather was Rev. Issei Matsuura of the Buddhist Churches of America. He received a Bachelor's degree in Mathematics from the University of California at Berkeley, a Master's degree in Counseling from the San Francisco State University, and a Doctorate degree in Counseling Psychology from the University of San Francisco. He received the tokudo and kyoshi ordinations in Kyoto in 1971-2 after which he was a minister for the Hawaii Kyodan and director of the Buddhist Study Center for 4 years and a BCA minister for 11 years. Before moving to Washington in 1988, he was a psychotherapist in California and co-founder of the East-West Counseling Center. Currently he is a professor of Psychology at The Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington. The focus of his teaching and research is East-West Psychology with an emphasis on Buddhist thought and practice."},{"id":"975","model":"narrator","index":"12 337/{'value': 385, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/975/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/975/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1022-3_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1022-3_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/975/interviews/"},"display_name":"Katsugo Miho","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 15, 1922, in Kahului, Maui, Hawaii. Grew up in Kahului, where parents ran a hotel. Was attending the University of Hawaii as a member of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. As a member of the ROTC, was inducted into the newly formed Hawaii Territorial Guard (HTG) and dispatched to stand guard at various sites around the island after the bombing. On January 21, 1942, was suddenly dismissed from the HTG along with other Nisei members. Enlisted in the 442nd Regimental Combat Team in 1943 and trained at Camp Shelby, Mississippi. Was assigned to B Battery of the 522nd Field Artillery Battalion. Served in Europe during World War II, and was also among members of the 522nd who encountered prisoners from German death camps in the Dachau complex. Returned to Hawaii after the war and reenrolled at the University of Hawaii, then went on to law school at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. After passing the bar exam, joined his brother's law firm, Fong, Miho, and Choy. Became involved in politics and won election to the Hawaii House of Representatives in 1959, representing the 15th District. Was reelected four times, eventually becoming the house minority leader. Was appointed by Governor George Ariyoshi to be a family court judge from 1971 to 1979, and subsequently became the legal counsel for Servco-Pacific."},{"id":"131","model":"narrator","index":"13 338/{'value': 385, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/131/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/131/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ytosh.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ytosh.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/131/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tosh Yasutake","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 10, 1922, in Seattle, WA. Father was employed by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service as interpreter for twenty years, until he was separated from family on December 7, 1941, and interned as an enemy alien. Graduated 1941, Cleveland High School, and attended University of Washington before being removed from Seattle with mother, sister and two brothers in 1942. Incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Worked as hospital attendant and laboratory technician in Minidoka. While incarcerated in Minidoka, volunteered for U.S. Army, March, 1943. Allowed to travel from Minidoka, with sister Mitsuye (Yasutake) Yamada, to visit their father, Jack Kaichiro Yasutake, incarcerated at U.S. Department of Justice internment camp in Lordsburg, NM. Mr. Yasutake passed away on December 12, 2016. After basic training at Camp Shelby, Mississippi, served in Europe in the 442nd Regimental Combat Team as a medic assigned to Company I, 2nd Platoon. Wounded during combat in southern France, October, 1944. Awarded Bronze Star. After recovery, assigned as a medic to Anti-tank Company, 1st platoon. December, 1945 discharged from the army. After visiting parents and younger brother in Cincinnati and living briefly in New York City, returned to Seattle. Married. Received B.A., Zoology, from University of Washington. Began career in research on fish pathology. Had four children. Received Ph.D in Fish Pathology from the University of Tokyo. Retired in 1988 as Research Histologist for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, after 36 years. Continues to serve as a Senior Scientist Emeritus in a volunteer capacity. Dr. W.T. Yasutake is the author of numerous articles published in scholarly journals, and the book, Microscopic Anatomy of Salmonids. He received awards and recognition for his pioneering and outstanding contributions to his professional field."},{"id":"211","model":"narrator","index":"14 339/{'value': 385, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/211/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/211/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ygeorge_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ygeorge_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/211/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Yamada","bio":"Nisei male. Born November 16, 1923, in Spokane, Washington. Spent childhood in downtown Spokane where parents ran the World Hotel. Father also worked as a mail handler for the Great Northern Railroad. Attended Lewis and Clark High School and Washington State University. During the war remembers seeing train cars pass through Spokane with Japanese Americans headed to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Drafted into the army in 1944 and served at the Military Intelligence Service Language School in Fort Snelling, Minnesota and Presidio, California. After World War II, worked as a chick sexer in upstate New York and surrounding region for thirty years. Returned to Spokane in the mid-1970s and pursued a career in real estate."},{"id":"135","model":"narrator","index":"15 340/{'value': 385, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/135/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/135/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sroger.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sroger.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/135/interviews/"},"display_name":"Roger Shimomura","bio":"Roger Shimomura's paintings, prints, and theater pieces address sociopolitical issues of Asian America. The inspiration for many of his works are the diaries kept by his late immigrant grandmother for fifty-six years. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Washington in Seattle, and his graduate degree from Syracuse University, New York. Shimomura has had more than 100 solo exhibitions of his paintings and prints, and has presented his experimental theater pieces at such venues as the Franklin Furnace, New York; Walker Art Center, Minneapolis; and the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. He is the recipient of four National Endowment for the Arts Fellowships in painting and performance art, a McKnight Fellowship, and a Civil Liberties Public Education Fund Fellowship. He was the first artist to be awarded an international Japan Foundation Grant, as well as the first in the state to receive the Kansas Arts Commission Artist Fellowship in Painting. In fall 1990, Shimomura was appointed the Dayton Hudson Distinguished Visiting Professor at Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota. Professor Shimomura has lectured on his work at more than 160 universities and art museums across the United States. In 1994 he was designated a University Distinguished Professor on the University of Kansas faculty, the first so honored in the history of the School of Fine Arts at that campus. In 1998, he received the Higuchi Research Prize, the highest annual honor bestowed on a Kansas University faculty member in the Humanities and Social Sciences. In 1999, the Seattle Urban League named a scholarship for him that is awarded annually to a Seattle resident pursuing a career in art. The College Art Association presented him with the Artist Award for Most Distinguished Body of Work for 2001, in recognition of his four-year, twelve-museum national tour of the painting exhibition An American Diary. Shimomura's personal papers are being collected by the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. He is represented by Jeffrey Hoffeld & Company, Inc., New York; Jan Cicero Gallery, Chicago; Jan Weiner Gallery, Kansas City; Bernice Steinbaum Gallery, Miami; and Greg Kucera Gallery, Seattle."},{"id":"1009","model":"narrator","index":"16 341/{'value': 385, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1009/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1009/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-517_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-517_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1009/interviews/"},"display_name":"Stanley N. Shikuma","bio":"Sansei male. Born December 2, 1953, in Brogan, Oregon. Grew up primarily in the Watsonville, California, area, where parents ran a farm. Exposed at an early age to activism and organized labor. Attended Stanford University and then moved to Seattle, Washington, and earned a nursing credential. Has joined and led several prominent Seattle-area taiko (Japanese drum) ensembles. Became involved in numerous Japanese American community and activist groups such as the Japanese American Citizens League, Tule Lake Committee, and Tsuru for Solidarity."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-138","model":"entity","index":"17 342/{'value': 385, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-138/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-138/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ytosh-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ytosh-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tosh Yasutake Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born June 10, 1922, in Seattle, WA. Father was employed by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service as interpreter for twenty years, until he was separated from family on December 7, 1941, and interned as an enemy alien. Graduated 1941, Cleveland High School, and attended University of Washington before being removed from Seattle with mother, sister and two brothers in 1942. Incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Worked as hospital attendant and laboratory technician in Minidoka. While incarcerated in Minidoka, volunteered for U.S. Army, March, 1943. Allowed to travel from Minidoka, with sister Mitsuye (Yasutake) Yamada, to visit their father, Jack Kaichiro Yasutake, incarcerated at U.S. Department of Justice internment camp in Lordsburg, NM. Mr. Yasutake passed away on December 12, 2016. After basic training at Camp Shelby, Mississippi, served in Europe in the 442nd Regimental Combat Team as a medic assigned to Company I, 2nd Platoon. Wounded during combat in southern France, October, 1944. Awarded Bronze Star. After recovery, assigned as a medic to Anti-tank Company, 1st platoon. December, 1945 discharged from the army. After visiting parents and younger brother in Cincinnati and living briefly in New York City, returned to Seattle. Married. Received B.A., Zoology, from University of Washington. Began career in research on fish pathology. Had four children. Received Ph.D in Fish Pathology from the University of Tokyo. Retired in 1988 as Research Histologist for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, after 36 years. Continues to serve as a Senior Scientist Emeritus in a volunteer capacity. Dr. W.T. Yasutake is the author of numerous articles published in scholarly journals, and the book, Microscopic Anatomy of Salmonids. He received awards and recognition for his pioneering and outstanding contributions to his professional field.
(William Toshio Yasutake was interviewed together with his sister Mitsuye (Yasutake) Yamada and surviving brother, Joseph Yasutake, in group sessions on October 8-9, 2002. He was interviewed individually on November 14, 2002.
Before being contacted by Densho, the Yasutake siblings had planned to conduct their own family history interviews. Individually and jointly, they and other family members had written and gathered material documenting their family history. They shared much of this with me to assist with research and preparation for the Densho interview. Mitsuye's daughter Jeni had coordinated much of the family history work. Jeni participated as a secondary interviewer during the group sessions, October 8-9, 2002.The group interview sessions were conducted in Seattle at the home of Tom Ikeda, executive director of Densho. The oldest Yasutake sibling, Reverend Seiichi Michael Yasutake, had passed away less than a year before the Densho interviewing, in December, 2001. The remaining siblings emphasized that his absence left a gap in their discussion of family history. In addition to Jeni Yamada and videographers Dana Hoshide and John Pai, also present during some portions of the group interview were Tom Ikeda, and Mitsuye Yamada's son Kai Yamada.)","extent":"04:04:06","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-138","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":131,"namepart":"Tosh Yasutake"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"November 14, 2002","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tosh Yasutake narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ytosh-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"173","model":"narrator","index":"18 343/{'value': 385, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/173/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/173/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/jpramila.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/jpramila.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/173/interviews/"},"display_name":"Pramila Jayapal","bio":"Born September 21, 1965 in Madras, India. Attended the Jakarta International School in Indonesia before moving to the United States to attend college at Georgetown University. Worked as an investment banker in New York City as well as in the management development program for Physio-Control. Currently, Pramila is the founder and Executive Director of Hate Free Zone Washington. An activist and writer, Pramila has been actively involved in international and domestic social justice issues for over 12 years, working across Africa, Asia and Latin America as well as domestically with immigrant and refugee communities in Washington state. She speaks frequently at universities and community events on issues of gender, globalization, development and community. She serves on several boards including Chaya, a non-profit organization serving South Asian women in crisis; the Institute of Current World Affairs; and Hedgebrook Women Writers Retreat. Pramila has a Masters in Business Administration from Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management, and a B.A. from Georgetown University in English and Economics. She is also the author of Pilgrimage to India: A Woman Revisits Her Homeland (Seal Press, 2000). Pramila and HFZ Campaign have received several awards and recognitions for its work, including the City of Seattle's 2002 Civil Rights Award, the Washington Bar Association's Access to Justice Community Leadership Award, the Japanese American Citizens League Leadership Award, the Northwest Asian Weekly Foundation's Community Leaders Award, a leadership award from Congressman Jim McDermott, and the Ecumenical Leadership Award from the Washington Association of Churches. In January 2004, Pramila was named one of the top ten Puget Sound regional leaders by the Seattle Times Editorial Board."},{"id":"ddr-densho-381-175","model":"entity","index":"19 344/{'value': 385, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-381-175/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-381-175/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-381/ddr-densho-381-175-mezzanine-d94c840dd6-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-381/ddr-densho-381-175-mezzanine-d94c840dd6-a.jpg"},"title":"Barneston's Japanese Community","description":"A report prepared for the Seattle Water Department that discusses the history of Japanese immigration and community in Barneston, Washington, including a transcript of Yoshi Hibiya's oral history.","extent":"11.5W x 8.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-381-175","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Gilbert, Richard"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Woodman, Mary"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Nihonmachi (\"Japantowns\")","id":"27"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Life in Japan and reasons for leaving","id":"2"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Timber","id":"9"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Gilbert, Richard"},{"namepart":"Woodman, Mary"},{"namepart":"University of Washington"},{"namepart":"Seattle Water Department"},{"namepart":"Hibiya, Yoshi Grace Iwanaga"},{"namepart":"Dubrow, Gail"},{"namepart":"Mesiner, Jennifer"},{"namepart":"Ruby, Marie"},{"namepart":"Kent Lumber Company"},{"namepart":"Nakanisha, Nobia"},{"namepart":"Tanaka, Yasaku"},{"namepart":"Tanaka, Toshio"},{"namepart":"Iwanaga, Yoshio"},{"namepart":"Iwanaga, Hide"},{"namepart":"Kataoka, Yuri"},{"namepart":"Kataoka, Yuriko"},{"namepart":"Kataoka, Ichiro"},{"namepart":"Akiyama, Minoru"},{"namepart":"Tukasaki, Yukio"},{"namepart":"Iwanaga, Sada"},{"namepart":"Iwanaga, Eichi"},{"namepart":"Iwanaga, Eisaku"},{"namepart":"Iwanaga, Sei Tsugi"},{"namepart":"Hibiya, Takami"},{"namepart":"Hibiya, Janet"},{"namepart":"North American Post"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"book","location":"Seattle, Washington","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"06/08/1995","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gilbert, Richard author \nWoodman, Mary author Gilbert, Richard \nWoodman, Mary \nUniversity of Washington \nSeattle Water Department \nHibiya, Yoshi Grace Iwanaga \nDubrow, Gail \nMesiner, Jennifer \nRuby, Marie \nKent Lumber Company \nNakanisha, Nobia \nTanaka, Yasaku \nTanaka, Toshio \nIwanaga, Yoshio \nIwanaga, Hide \nKataoka, Yuri \nKataoka, Yuriko \nKataoka, Ichiro \nAkiyama, Minoru \nTukasaki, Yukio \nIwanaga, Sada \nIwanaga, Eichi \nIwanaga, Eisaku \nIwanaga, Sei Tsugi \nHibiya, Takami \nHibiya, Janet \nNorth American Post","download_large":"ddr-densho-381-175-mezzanine-d94c840dd6-a.jpg"},{"id":"451","model":"narrator","index":"20 345/{'value': 385, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/451/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/451/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hfrank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hfrank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/451/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank H. Hirata","bio":"Kibei-Nisei male. Born November 19, 1925, in Spokane, Washington. At the age of ten, went to Japan with grandfather. During World War II, was conscripted into the Japanese army, and was still in training when the war ended. After the war, continued education, graduating from Kyoto University with a law degree. Got married in 1957 and returned to the United States. Became involved in the fight to save Los Angeles' Little Tokyo from further encroachment from City Hall. Worked in public relations for Bank of Tokyo, which later became Union Bank."},{"id":"215","model":"narrator","index":"21 346/{'value': 385, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/215/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/215/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfred.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfred.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/215/interviews/"},"display_name":"Fred Shiosaki","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 23, 1924 in the area of Spokane, Washington, known as Hillyard. Grew up in a multi-ethnic Hillyard area where his parents owned the Hillyard Laundry. When World War II began, was a senior at Rogers High School. Went on to attend Gonzaga University and then volunteered for military service, joining the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, a segregated U.S. Army unit consisting of Japanese Americans. Mr. Shiosaki fought in Europe, then returned to Spokane where he finished his degree at Gonzaga, and started his career and family."},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-413","model":"entity","index":"22 347/{'value': 385, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-413/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-413/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-413-mezzanine-6cd9d30c12-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-413-mezzanine-6cd9d30c12-a.jpg"},"title":"Carbon copy letter from Ai Chih Tsai to Ng Boksu","description":"Responding to Ng Boksu's inquiry about Taiwanese in the U.S. just before WWII. (5 pages)","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-413","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Minnesota","id":"494"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Hawai'i","id":"277"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Diego","id":"487"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Bellevue","id":"292"},{"term":"Military service -- Post-World War II service","id":"297"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- Student clubs","id":"22"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Arrival","id":"4"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Naturalization","id":"176"},{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"World War II","id":"399"},{"term":"Japan -- Pre-World War II","id":"163"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Chiong, Khe-Beng"},{"namepart":"Chiong, Thian Ki"},{"namepart":"United States. Navy"},{"namepart":"Columbia University"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago Divinity School"},{"namepart":"Japanese Church of Christ"},{"namepart":"Doshisha Daigaku"},{"namepart":"Whitman College"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago Divinity School"},{"namepart":"Chicago Theological Seminary"},{"namepart":"Cashman, Robert"},{"namepart":"Purdue University"},{"namepart":"United States Army"},{"namepart":"Chiong, Anna Fumi (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Chiong, Mei Lan"},{"namepart":"Hunter College"},{"namepart":"McCay, Chu Lan (Chiong)"},{"namepart":"McCay, Howard"},{"namepart":"McCay, Adam"},{"namepart":"McCay, Aaron"},{"namepart":"S.S. Taiyo Maru (passenger ship) / S.S. Cap Fiinisterre (ID 4051)"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Jin"},{"namepart":"Aoyama Gakuin"},{"namepart":"Yoshimune, Abe"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Anderson, Harrison Ray"},{"namepart":"Fourth Presbyterian Church"},{"namepart":"United States Department of War"},{"namepart":"United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)"},{"namepart":"United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)"},{"namepart":"Chen, Yi"},{"namepart":"Shackleton, Allan J."},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Hui Sim"},{"namepart":"Ho, Show Shan"},{"namepart":"Lee, Shinko"},{"namepart":"Seattle Pacific College"},{"namepart":"Lee, George"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Yi"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Kim Siok"},{"namepart":"St. Louis Country Club"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, Mark Ming Chih"},{"namepart":"Keiro Northwest"},{"namepart":"Lee, Bisim (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Arthur Andersen LLP"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Peter"},{"namepart":"Providence Health and Services"},{"namepart":"Lee, Kristi"},{"namepart":"University of Washington"},{"namepart":"Seattle Public Schools"},{"namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Poe, Sarah LiHoa"},{"namepart":"University of Minnesota, Duluth"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Seattle Public Library"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, Henry"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 26, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ai Chih author Tsai, Ai Chih \nChiong, Khe-Beng \nChiong, Thian Ki \nUnited States. Navy \nColumbia University \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nJapanese Church of Christ \nDoshisha Daigaku \nWhitman College \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nChicago Theological Seminary \nCashman, Robert \nPurdue University \nUnited States Army \nChiong, Anna Fumi (Morikawa) \nChiong, Mei Lan \nHunter College \nMcCay, Chu Lan (Chiong) \nMcCay, Howard \nMcCay, Adam \nMcCay, Aaron \nS.S. Taiyo Maru (passenger ship) / S.S. Cap Fiinisterre (ID 4051) \nTsai, Ai Jin \nAoyama Gakuin \nYoshimune, Abe \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) \nAnderson, Harrison Ray \nFourth Presbyterian Church \nUnited States Department of War \nUnited States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS) \nUnited Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) \nChen, Yi \nShackleton, Allan J. \nJapanese Congregational Church \nTsai, Hui Sim \nHo, Show Shan \nLee, Shinko \nSeattle Pacific College \nLee, George \nTsai, Ai Yi \nTsai, Kim Siok \nSt. Louis Country Club \nCaldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nCaldwell, Mark Ming Chih \nKeiro Northwest \nLee, Bisim (Tsai) \nArthur Andersen LLP \nTsai, Peter \nProvidence Health and Services \nLee, Kristi \nUniversity of Washington \nSeattle Public Schools \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) \nPoe, Sarah LiHoa \nUniversity of Minnesota, Duluth \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) \nSeattle Public Library \nCaldwell, Henry","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-413-mezzanine-6cd9d30c12-a.jpg"},{"id":"134","model":"narrator","index":"23 348/{'value': 385, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/134/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/134/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mdale.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mdale.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/134/interviews/"},"display_name":"Dale Minami","bio":"Sansei male. Born in Los Angeles, California on October 13, 1946, and grew up in Gardena, California. Received B.A. in Political Science from University of Southern California, graduated magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa in 1968. Received J.D., 1971, from Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California. Mr. Minami was a co-founder of the Asian Law Caucus, Inc., a co-founder of the Asian Pacific American Bar Association of the Greater Bay Area, the Asian Pacific Bar of California and the Coalition of Asian Pacific Americans. He was involved in significant litigation affecting civil rights of Asian Pacific Americans and other minorities, including Korematsu v. United States, a lawsuit to overturn a 40 year old conviction for refusal to obey exclusion orders aimed at Japanese Americans during WWII, originally upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in landmark decisions; United Pilipinos for Affirmative Action v. California Blue Shield, the first class action employment lawsuit brought by Asian Pacific Americans on behalf of Asian Pacific Americans; Spokane JACL v. Washington State University, a class action on behalf of Asian Pacific Americans to establish an Asian American Studies program at Washington State University; and Nakanishi v. UCLA, a claim for unfair denial of tenure which resulted in the granting of tenure after widespread publicity over discrimination in academia. Mr. Minami represents Kristi Yamaguchi, the 1992 Olympic Gold Medal skater, playwright Philip Kan Gotanda, actor Lane Nishikawa, and others in the fields of media and entertainment. He is counsel to the National Asian American Telecommunications Association and the Asian American Journalists' Association. Mr. Minami has taught at University of California, Berkeley and Mills College in Oakland, CA and has been a Commissioner of the State of California's Fair Employment and Housing Commission, a Commissioner on the State Bar of California, Commission on Judicial Nominees Evaluation, the Chair of the Attorney General's Asian/Pacific Advisory Committee and a Member of Senator Barbara Boxer's Judicial Screening Committee. He was Chair of the Civil Liberties Public Education Fund Commission, appointed by President Clinton in 1994. Mr. Minami has received numerous awards including the State Bar President's Pro bono Service Award, an honorary Juris Doctor degree from the McGeorge School of Law, designation of a dormitory at the University of California at Santa Cruz as the \"Queen Liliuokalani-Minami\" Dormitory, awards from the Coro Foundation, the Japanese Cultural and Community Center of Northern California, the Harry Dow Memorial Fellowship in Boston, the Fred Korematsu Civil Rights Fund Award, the Organization of Chinese Americans, the Japanese American Youth Center and the Centro Legale de la Raza. Mr. Minami is a partner with Minami, Lew and Tamaki in San Francisco, and specializes in personal injury and entertainment law."},{"id":"130","model":"narrator","index":"24 349/{'value': 385, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/130/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/130/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yjoe.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yjoe.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/130/interviews/"},"display_name":"Joe Yasutake","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 25, 1932, in Seattle, Washington. Father employed by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service as interpreter for twenty years, until separated from family on December 7, 1941 and interned as an enemy alien. Removed from Seattle with mother, sister and two brothers in 1942. Attended school (fifth through sixth grades) while incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, and U.S. Department of Justice internment camp at Crystal City, TX. Reunited with father, Jack Kaichiro Yasutake, who was transferred from the U.S. Department of Justice internment camp in Lordsburg, NM to Crystal City, TX camp in 1944. After release from Crystal City camp, moved with parents to Cincinnati, OH. Moved with parents to Chicago, Illinois where father served as Executive Director of the Chicago Resettlers Committee. After high school graduation, attended Lawrence College in Wisconsin. Graduated from University of Illinois. Commissioned as lieutenant, U.S. Army, 1954, assigned to artillery and served in Germany. Returned to U.S. in 1956, discharged from the army. Married, had three sons. Late wife died in 1984. Was remarried in 1988 and has one stepdaughter. Received M.A., New York University. Moved to Ohio, employed by U.S. Air Force as psychologist. Received Ph.D. in Industrial Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus OH. Moved to Denver, CO. Retired in 1986 from the U.S. Air Force Human Resources Laboratory. Moved to California, employed by Lockheed. Serves in a volunteer capacity with community organizations, including as president of the Japanese American Museum of San Jose, and speaks at schools to educate students about the experiences of Japanese Americans and loss of constitutional rights during World War II. Also serves as chair of the San Jose Japantown Preservation Committee."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Washington University","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}