(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:09:48","links_children":"ddr-one-7-6","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":675,"namepart":"Lury Sato"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Masako Hinatsu"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tim Rooney"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zx5c","namepart":"Sato, Lury"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Portland, Oregon","creation":"February 18, 2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Lury Sato narrator \nMasako Hinatsu interviewer \nTim Rooney videographer Sato, Lury 88922nr015zx5c","download_large":"denshovh-slury-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-10-3","model":"entity","index":"11 261/{'value': 293, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-10-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-10-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-10/ddr-densho-10-3-mezzanine-e698e8e8ba-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-10/ddr-densho-10-3-mezzanine-e698e8e8ba-a.jpg"},"title":"The staff of the Minidoka Irrigator","description":"The staff of the Minidoka Irrigator, the weekly newspaper of the Minidoka concentration camp, outside the paper's office. The Minidoka Irrigator, a weekly paper, ran from September 10, 1942, through July 28, 1945, and contained news about the camp and of the war when Nisei began enlisting. Japanese Americans with a background in journalism worked on the Minidoka Irrigator and were paid $16 per month. Because Japanese Americans were not allowed to have cameras or radios, all photographs for the newspaper were camp sanctioned. The paper was published in the city of Jerome, under the supervision of the WRA. A copy of each issue was sent to Washington, D.C.","extent":"2240W x 1134H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-10-3","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Minidoka Irrigator","id":"173"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"c.1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-10-3-mezzanine-e698e8e8ba-a.jpg"},{"id":"182","model":"narrator","index":"12 262/{'value': 293, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/182/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/182/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/scharles.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/scharles.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/182/interviews/"},"display_name":"Charles Z. Smith","bio":"Born February 23, 1927, in Lakeland, Florida. Left home at age fourteen to live under the educational supervision of Dr. William H. Gray, Jr., attended Florida A & M, and graduated with a degree in business administration from Temple University. Graduated from University of Washington Law School in 1955, then served as law clerk for Supreme Court Justice Matthew W. Hill. Worked as both deputy prosecuting attorney for King County and in private law practice, before moving to Washington, D.C., to take position as Special Assistant to the Attorney General of the United States in the legal field. Justice Smith was appointed to the Washington State Supreme Court in 1988, where he served until his retirement in 2002. Justice Smith received the University of Washington Law School's Distinguished Alumnus Award in 1990, and was appointed by President Clinton to the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom in 1999. He has also won the Asian Bar Association's Judge of the Year award as well as the Lifetime Service Award from the Washington State Bar Association. During his long and illustrious career, Justice Smith has served on the boards of several Asian American community organizations, and worked on behalf of immigrants' rights."},{"id":"172","model":"narrator","index":"13 263/{'value': 293, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/172/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/172/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/krichard.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/krichard.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/172/interviews/"},"display_name":"Richard Kosaki","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 14, 1924, in Waikiki, Hawaii. Attended McKinley High School, where he was student body president, just prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941. Served as a language instructor for the U.S. Military Intelligence Service during World War II, and was stationed in Japan during the U.S. occupation. Earned PhD in the 1950s before taking a position at the University of Hawaii at Manoa as an assistant professor. Worked in Washington, D.C., on Lyndon Johnson's presidential campaign. Was instrumental in establishing Hawaii's system of community colleges, notably the Hawaii Tokai International College. Dr. Kosaki is currently the Chancellor Emeritus of the University of Hawaii at Manoa, and is a senior consultant for the Japanese American National Museum's International Nikkei Research Project."},{"id":"ddr-njpa-4-114","model":"entity","index":"14 264/{'value': 293, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-4-114/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-4-114/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-114-master-30da20635c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-114-master-30da20635c-a.jpg"},"title":"Hisato Ichimada and daughter with Masahide Kanayama and Chamber of Commerce president","description":"Caption on reverse: \"ICHIMADA GREETED: Japanese Finance Minister Hisato Ichimada and Financial Commissioner Gengo Suzuki are in Honolulu today enroute home to Tokyo from Washington, D.C., where they attended the general meetings of the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development and International Monetary Fund. Ichimada was accompanied by his daughter, Tomoko, and secretary. The party arrived here last evening and is staying at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel until tomorrow morning when they will leave for Tokyo by Pan American Airways. The Japanese finance minister and his daughter are shown above with Takeo Isoshima (left), president of the Honolulu Japanese Chamber of Commerce, and Japanese Consul-General Masahide Kanayama, who greeted the visitors at the airport.--(Hawaii Times photo).\"","extent":"2.25W x 3.25H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-4-114","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Hawaii Times"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ichimada, Hisato"},{"namepart":"Ichimada, Tomoko"},{"namepart":"Isoshima, Takeo"},{"namepart":"Kanayama, Masahide"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Honolulu, Hawai'i","creation":"1954-1957","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hawaii Times publisher Ichimada, Hisato \nIchimada, Tomoko \nIsoshima, Takeo \nKanayama, Masahide","download_large":"ddr-njpa-4-114-master-30da20635c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-43-51","model":"entity","index":"15 265/{'value': 293, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-43-51/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-43-51/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-43/ddr-pc-43-51-mezzanine-bfac8e566c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-43/ddr-pc-43-51-mezzanine-bfac8e566c-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 73, No. 26 (December 24-31, 1971)","description":"Christmas/Holiday edition of Pacific Citizen. 52 pages long divided into 4 sections and a reference supplement. Selected article titles: \"Japanese roots in America go back to 1610 in Mexico\" (p. 1 A), \"Half year remains till JACL Convention in Washington, D.C.\" (p. 3 B), \"Sansei and sensei swap school ideas\" (p. 1 C), \"We can afford to be quiet no longer, let's seek larger slice of power pie\" (p. 6 D).\r\n\r\nThe holiday issue included advertisements bought by JACL members and chapters that included personal addresses and phone numbers to better foster communications between Japanese American communities. These addresses and phone numbers have been redacted to help protect the privacy of Japanese American communities. Please contact Densho to request the original version.","extent":"14.5W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-43-51","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"December 24, 1971","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-43-51-mezzanine-bfac8e566c-a.jpg"},{"id":"45","model":"narrator","index":"16 266/{'value': 293, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/45/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/45/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kgeorge.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kgeorge.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/45/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Koshi","bio":"Kibei male. Born June 16, 1911, in Greeley, Colorado. Raised in Denver, Colorado, until the age of five. Sent to Japan for schooling in 1917 and returned to the U.S. at the age of seventeen. Continued his education to eventually become the first Nikkei attorney in the state of Colorado. Drafted into the U.S. Army in March, 1942, and became a member of the Military Intelligence Service (MIS); served as an instructor of Japanese language in the MIS Language School and then as a language specialist in Washington, D.C., and the Pacific Military Intelligence Research Section (PACMIRS) in Maryland. Was hired as a civilian by the U.S. government postwar to provide legal counsel to defendants in the war crimes trials in Japan, and later, supervise Japanese legal and judicial reform. Received a medal commendation from the Japanese government for work in connection with the reformation of Japan's judicial system."},{"id":"ddr-one-5-116","model":"entity","index":"17 267/{'value': 293, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-116/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-116/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-116-mezzanine-dfab40b8c1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-116-mezzanine-dfab40b8c1-a.jpg"},"title":"Department of Justice memo from the United States Attorney Director of Oregon Carl C. Donaugh on the Matter of the Detention of Keizaburo Koyama, a Japanese alien","description":"Photocopy of a declassified memorandum from Carl C. Donaugh, United States Attorney from the District of Oregon to the Attorney General in Washington, D.C., on the detention of Dr. Keizaburo Koyama. The filled out form letter notes that the FBI took Dr. Koyama into custody on December 10, 1941 in Portland, Oregon and that he is currently being held by the Immigration and Naturalization Service at Fort Missoula, Montana. The form states that the Alien Enemy Hearing Board and the United States Attorney for Oregon have determined it is in the best interest of the United State's government to expedite the processing of Dr. Koyama's case and has set February 2, 1942 for his hearing. The form stresses that any and all support letters, petitions, and documents on the case be immediately forwarded to the board for review no later than January 31st.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-116","creators":[{"role":"United States Attorney","namepart":"Donaugh, Carl C."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Administration","id":"401"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Donaugh, Carl C."},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Ken"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keisaburo"},{"namepart":"Department of Justice"},{"namepart":"Alien Enemy Hearing Board"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"map","location":"Portland, Oregon","facility":[{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"}],"creation":"January 22, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Donaugh, Carl C. United States Attorney Donaugh, Carl C. \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nKoyama, Ken \nKoyama, Keisaburo \nDepartment of Justice \nAlien Enemy Hearing Board","download_large":"ddr-one-5-116-mezzanine-dfab40b8c1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1020-5","model":"entity","index":"18 268/{'value': 293, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1020-5/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1020-5/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1020/ddr-densho-1020-5-1-mezzanine-f86ae8bf58-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1020/ddr-densho-1020-5-1-mezzanine-f86ae8bf58-a.jpg"},"title":"Joanne Chiedi Interview","description":"Born in Washington, D.C. During the Redress Movement, worked for the Department of Justice's Office of Redress Administration (ORA), which was established to identify and administer reparations payments to eligible individuals. Worked as the ORA's Deputy Director, Verification Unit, from 1989 to 1997. After leaving the ORA, went on to work as the Deputy Executive Officer, Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division; Deputy Director for Management of the Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights; Acting Inspector General, Office of Inspector General and Chief Administrative Officer, DLA Piper LLP.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"1:09:16","links_children":"ddr-densho-1020-5","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":935,"namepart":"Joanne Chiedi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emi Kuboyama"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Todd Holmes"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"interview","location":"Washington, D.C.","creation":"May 20, 2019","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Joanne Chiedi narrator \nEmi Kuboyama interviewer \nTodd Holmes videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1020-5-1-mezzanine-f86ae8bf58-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-229","model":"entity","index":"19 269/{'value': 293, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-229/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-229/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-229-mezzanine-438b361422-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-229-mezzanine-438b361422-a.jpg"},"title":"Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 2 of 13.","description":"Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. On the second page, Teru writes about how long she thought about writing this letter and only did so after receiving encouragement and permission to do so from Washington, D.C. She addresses the two reasons why her husband was arrested: the first being his supposed association with a secret organization and the second being a misidentification. Mrs. Koyama says she is not aware of any secret organization that her husband participates in. She is familiar with his involvement with the Nihonjin-kai, but states it is not a secret group and that it often raises money for the Red Cross. At times the group does donate money to members of the Japanese community and their families abroad. She said this was done to build relationships between the Japanese and Caucasian communities.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-229","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."},{"namepart":"Goodenough, Eva"},{"namepart":"Donaugh, Carl C."}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Idaho","id":"491"},{"term":"Montana","id":"498"},{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"},{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"}],"creation":"11/29/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author Koyama, Keizaburo \nKoyama, Teru \nEnnis, Edward J. \nGoodenough, Eva \nDonaugh, Carl C.","download_large":"ddr-one-5-229-mezzanine-438b361422-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-67","model":"collection","index":"20 270/{'value': 293, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-67/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-67/ddr-densho-67-1-mezzanine-669b4d2adf-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-67/ddr-densho-67-1-mezzanine-669b4d2adf-a.jpg"},"title":"Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians Collection","description":"This collection consists of selected papers collected by the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC), which was created on July 30, 1980 by an act of Congress. Formed mainly to investigate matters surrounding the incarceration and to recommend appropriate remedies, the CWRIC had no power to correct grievances and was viewed as a \"copout\" by those fighting for more immediate redress. Still, hearings were conducted in 20 cities across the nation beginning in 1981, and in 1982 the CWRIC issued its report 'Personal Justice Denied.' It was an exhaustive work that combined the testimonies of former camp inmates given at the hearings and research conducted by a team led by Aiko Yoshinaga Herzig. Herzig and legal historian Peter Irons discovered declassified documents verifying that the government had withheld information showing that there was no military necessity in the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans. Ultimately, the CWRIC recommended, among other things, $20,000 individual compensation to those incarcerated and a formal government apology. This recommendation would be the basis for the many redress bills that were to follow.\r\nThe collection also includes a selection of written testimonies submitted to the Commission in 1981 for the Seattle, Washington, and Washington, D.C., hearings. Also included are selected written testimonies submitted for hearings on the Civil Liberties Act of 1983, H.R. 4110 and S. 2116.","extent":"353 documents","links_children":"ddr-densho-67","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"pdm","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-67-1-mezzanine-669b4d2adf-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-563","model":"collection","index":"21 271/{'value': 293, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-563/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-563/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-563/ddr-densho-563-1-mezzanine-c2e157d543-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-563/ddr-densho-563-1-mezzanine-c2e157d543-a.jpg"},"title":"Ben Mayewaki Collection","description":"The collection contains materials from and related to Ben Mayewaki time serving the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) at Fort Snelling in Minnesota, with the 5th Air Force Headquarters in Brisbane, Australia, and in the New Guinea campaign. In 1944 Ben was reassigned to Military Intelligence in Washington DC and attached to the Pentagon. While in D.C. he was stationed at Fort Myer in Virginia. Ben was at the Pentagon when the original signed Japanese Instrument of Surrender document arrived for processing, where he was involved in authenticating the document's translations. In 1945 Ben was assigned to be part of the US Army's team to prepare a report on the US Strategic Bombing Survey of Japan. He was sent to Japan in October 1945 and returned to the US in January 1946. During his assignment in Japan, he was able to take a furlough to visit Mayewaki relatives in Hiroshima. Ben visited several cities in Japan to assess the damage that resulted from the strategic bombing of cities during the war. He was discharged on February 22, 1946.","links_children":"ddr-densho-563","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-563-1-mezzanine-c2e157d543-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-379","model":"collection","index":"22 272/{'value': 293, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-379/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-379/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-379/ddr-densho-379-734-mezzanine-d569eaec62-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-379/ddr-densho-379-734-mezzanine-d569eaec62-a.jpg"},"title":"Sumida Family Collection","description":"The Sumida Family Collection contains material about Chimata and Masako Murakami Sumida and their six children, Alice Yuriko Endo, Grace Rayko Nagai, Emmy Ito, Marshall Masaru Sumida, Theodore Tetsuro Sumida, Marjorie Yohko Matsumoto, and their families. Before World War II, Chimata Sumida owned a music store located in Los Angeles’ Japanese Town that sold music, instruments, radios, and other small electronics. After 3 FBI interrogations, Chimata and his worker, Yoshio Takashima, were arrested on January 16, 1942, detained at the Los Angeles County Jail, transferred to Tuna Canyon Detention Station, and interned at the Fort Missoula Alien Detention Center.
\r\n\r\nThe collection begins with a series of letters between Chimata Sumida written during his internment in the Fort Missoula Alien Detention Center to and from his wife and children. These censored letters describe the harsh conditions and social atmosphere at Ft. Missoula and chaotic life in Los Angeles preparing for the upcoming Executive 9066 evacuation and its consequences. An important portion of this collection are copies of documents contained in Chimata Sumida’s U.S. Department of Justice file obtained from the U.S. Archives. Contained in this file are Chimata’s testimony during his Alien Enemy Hearing Board, the docketed Department of Justice Alien Enemy Hearing Board Report with its split 2-1 decision recommendation in favor of internment, the Memorandum to the Chief of the Review Division recommending parole, and the final Order signed by Attorney General Biddle granting parole under the conditions and restrictions indicated in the document.
\r\n\r\nAfter Chimata Sumida’s transfer to Rohwer Relocation Center, he soon became a prominent Issei leader of the camp. He met 6 days a week with more than 600 Issei nightly who listened to his translation of American News into Japanese. He served as a committeeman on the Resettlement Advisory Board and was chairman of the Resettlement Committee organized by the Community Council. In addition, he collaborated with two other Issei, T. Takashima and S. Muraoka, to submit a proposal to various U.S. government agencies to establish cooperative colonies in rural areas of the United States suitable for farming to relocate 13,000 settlers from various WRA relocation camps. This plan was ultimately rejected by Dillon Myer, Director of the War Relocation Authority.
\r\n\r\nAfter leaving Rohwer Relocation Camp in 1945, Chimata and Masako Sumida resettled in Washington, D.C. with their children and grandchildren. Most of the Sumida family eventually moved back to the west coast. However, the Endos remained in the Washington, D.C. area and remained active in the community. They participated in many civil rights events including the 1963 March on Washington.","links_children":"ddr-densho-379","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-379-734-mezzanine-d569eaec62-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-10-1","model":"entity","index":"23 273/{'value': 293, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-10-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-10-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-10/ddr-densho-10-1-mezzanine-c85f8d0f91-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-10/ddr-densho-10-1-mezzanine-c85f8d0f91-a.jpg"},"title":"Nisei soldier and the staff of the Minidoka Irrigator","description":"T-Sergeant Ben Kuroki (center front), a famous Nisei war hero, poses with the staff of the Minidoka Irrigator, the Minidoka concentration camp newspaper. Front (left to right): Mitsu Yasuda, Cherry Tanaka, Ben Kuroki, Kimi Tambara, and Kerry Soejima. Middle: Mitsuko Miyoshi, unidentified, Sachi Yasui, Miye Takatsuka, Masako Tsujikawa, and Watson Asaba. Back: Johnny Okamoto, Peter Ohtaki, Hideo Hoshide, Hiro Nishimoto, Ben Matsumoto, and Hank Hirabayashi. The Minidoka Irrigator, a weekly paper, ran from September 10, 1942, through July 28, 1945, and contained news about the camp and of the war when Nisei began enlisting. Japanese Americans with a background in journalism worked on the Minidoka Irrigator and were paid $16 per month. Because Japanese Americans were not allowed to have cameras or radios, all photographs for the newspaper were camp sanctioned. The paper was published in the city of Jerome, under the supervision of the WRA. A copy of each issue was sent to Washington, D.C.","extent":"2240W x 1576H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-10-1","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Minidoka Irrigator","id":"173"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Yasuda, Mitsu"},{"namepart":"Tanaka, Cherry"},{"namepart":"Kuroki, Ben"},{"namepart":"Tambara, Kimi"},{"namepart":"Soejima, Kerry"},{"namepart":"Miyoshi, Mitsuko"},{"namepart":"Yasui, Sachi"},{"namepart":"Takatsuka, Miye"},{"namepart":"Tsujikawa, Masako"},{"namepart":"Asaba, Watson"},{"namepart":"Okamoto, Johnny"},{"namepart":"Ohtaki, Peter"},{"namepart":"Hoshide, Hideo"},{"namepart":"Nishimoto, Hiro"},{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Ben"},{"namepart":"Hirabayashi, Hank"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"c.1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yasuda, Mitsu \nTanaka, Cherry \nKuroki, Ben \nTambara, Kimi \nSoejima, Kerry \nMiyoshi, Mitsuko \nYasui, Sachi \nTakatsuka, Miye \nTsujikawa, Masako \nAsaba, Watson \nOkamoto, Johnny \nOhtaki, Peter \nHoshide, Hideo \nNishimoto, Hiro \nMatsumoto, Ben \nHirabayashi, Hank","download_large":"ddr-densho-10-1-mezzanine-c85f8d0f91-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-10-4","model":"entity","index":"24 274/{'value': 293, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-10-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-10-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-10/ddr-densho-10-4-mezzanine-15a9676cbd-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-10/ddr-densho-10-4-mezzanine-15a9676cbd-a.jpg"},"title":"The staff of the Minidoka Irrigator","description":"People of various ages worked on the Minidoka Irrigator, the newspaper of the Minidoka concentration camp. Issei were in charge of writing the Japanese section of the newspaper, for those who did not understand English. The Nisei concentrated on stories in English. Front (left to right): Kimi Tambara, Cherry Tanaka, and Mitsu Yasuda. Middle: Miyuki Inouye and Kerry Soejima. Back: Takako Matsumoto, Sachi Yasui, and unidentified. The Minidoka Irrigator, a weekly paper, ran from September 10, 1942, through July 28, 1945, and contained news about the camp and of the war when Nisei began enlisting. Japanese Americans with a background in journalism worked on the Minidoka Irrigator and were paid $16 per month. Because Japanese Americans were not allowed to have cameras or radios, all photographs for the newspaper were camp sanctioned. The paper was published in the city of Jerome, under the supervision of the WRA. A copy of each issue was sent to Washington, D.C.","extent":"1166W x 2240H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-10-4","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Minidoka Irrigator","id":"173"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tambara, Kimi"},{"namepart":"Tanaka, Cherry"},{"namepart":"Yasuida, Mitsu"},{"namepart":"Inouye, Miyuki"},{"namepart":"Soejima, Kerry"},{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Takako"},{"namepart":"Yasui, Sachi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"c.1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tambara, Kimi \nTanaka, Cherry \nYasuida, Mitsu \nInouye, Miyuki \nSoejima, Kerry \nMatsumoto, Takako \nYasui, Sachi","download_large":"ddr-densho-10-4-mezzanine-15a9676cbd-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Washington D.C.","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}