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The identity of the person on the left is unknown.","links_children":"ddr-densho-34-61","topics":[{"term":"Industry and employment -- Small business","id":"8"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Omura, Tom"},{"namepart":"Nakata, Masaaki"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","creation":"c. 1908","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Omura, Tom \nNakata, Masaaki","download_large":"ddr-densho-34-61-mezzanine-05bd609c2b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-1-1105","model":"entity","index":"1 1801/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-1-1105/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-1-1105/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-1/ddr-njpa-1-1105-mezzanine-b59af9a4d0-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-1/ddr-njpa-1-1105-mezzanine-b59af9a4d0-a.jpg"},"title":"Wang Ching-ting smoking a cigar","description":"Caption on reverse [translation]: \"Domei Photographic Overseas News November 9, 1937. Manipulating Public Opinion! (Washington) Domei. Chinese Ambassador Wang Ching-ting after he concocted facts to stir up anti-Japanese public opinion at a press conference at the Chinese embassy on October 9.\"","extent":"4.25W x 5.75H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-1-1105","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Domei"}],"format":"img","language":["jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Wang, Ching-ting"}],"contributor":"Hawai'i Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Washington, D.C.","creation":"November 9, 1937","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Domei photographer Wang, Ching-ting","download_large":"ddr-njpa-1-1105-mezzanine-b59af9a4d0-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-359-7","model":"entity","index":"2 1802/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-359-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-359-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-359/ddr-densho-359-7-mezzanine-16a641780d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-359/ddr-densho-359-7-mezzanine-16a641780d-a.jpg"},"title":"10th Annual 4H Club camp 1931","description":"Group photograph of the attendess of  the 4H Club Camp in 1931  at State College of Washington in Pullman, Washing. Written on the back of the photograph \"Mrs. Pearl Munn Leland, Wash. Jefferson Co. Staying at Stevens hall. 10 annual Alice Kawamoto\".","extent":"10.25W x 6.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-359-7","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington","id":"290"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations","id":"16"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Okano, Yoshiko Alice \"Yoshi\" \"Aya\" (Kawamoto)"},{"namepart":"Pearl Munn"}],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Pullman, Washington","id":"40"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"Pullman, Washington","creation":"c. 1931","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okano, Yoshiko Alice \"Yoshi\" \"Aya\" (Kawamoto) \nPearl Munn","download_large":"ddr-densho-359-7-mezzanine-16a641780d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1001-3","model":"entity","index":"3 1803/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1001-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1001-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-nkazuko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-nkazuko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Kay Sakai Nakao Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born and raised in Bainbridge Island, Washington. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed with family to Manzanar concentration camp California, then later transferred to Minidoka, Idaho. Married while in Minidoka, and returned to Bainbridge Island after World War II.","extent":"01:22:53","links_children":"ddr-densho-1001-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":72,"namepart":"Kazuko Nakao"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Debra Grindeland"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Don Sellers"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr012cq3s","namepart":"Sakai, Kazuko Kay"}],"contributor":"Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","creation":"February 25, 2006","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kazuko Nakao narrator \nDebra Grindeland interviewer \nDon Sellers videographer Sakai, Kazuko Kay 88922nr012cq3s","download_large":"denshovh-nkazuko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-janm-16-34","model":"entity","index":"4 1804/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-janm-16-34/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-janm-16-34/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-janm-16/ddr-janm-16-34-mezzanine-7f862dc93e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-janm-16/ddr-janm-16-34-mezzanine-7f862dc93e-a.jpg"},"title":"I Cover the Waterfront","description":"One phonograph record.   Red label with gold letterings  Green color paper sleeve\\n503 (5870)  (Green - Heyman)  Sarah Vaughan with George Treadwell's Orchestra\\n503 (5871)  I Don't Stand a Ghost of a Chance With You (Crosby - Young - Washington)  Sarah Vaughan with George Treadwell's Orchestra","extent":"H: 10.25 in, W: 10.25 in, Diam: 9.875 in","links_children":"ddr-janm-16-34","format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American National Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"physical_object","facility":[{"term":"Poston","id":"2"}],"status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-janm-16-34-mezzanine-7f862dc93e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-1-521","model":"entity","index":"5 1805/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-1-521/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-1-521/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-521-mezzanine-735c7bccfe-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-521-mezzanine-735c7bccfe-a.jpg"},"title":"Roses","description":"Color slide of a row of pink rose bushes.  Other rows of red and pink rose bushes are visible in background.  Image was most likely taken at the Rose Test Garden in Washington Park.  According to donor processed on June 14, 1964.","extent":"1.375W x 1H","links_children":"ddr-one-1-521","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Hirahara, Frank"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Visual arts -- Photography","id":"267"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Returning home","id":"106"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"Portland, Oregon","creation":"1948-1954","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hirahara, Frank photographer","download_large":"ddr-one-1-521-mezzanine-735c7bccfe-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-1-524","model":"entity","index":"6 1806/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-1-524/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-1-524/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-524-mezzanine-54624e5bd0-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-524-mezzanine-54624e5bd0-a.jpg"},"title":"Rose Test Garden","description":"Color slide of the Rose Test Garden in Washington Park.  Rows of various types of rose bushes can be seen across the image.  Five other visitors can be seen looking at the various rose bushes.  According to donor processed on June 14, 1964.","extent":"1.375W x 1H","links_children":"ddr-one-1-524","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Hirahara, Frank"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Visual arts -- Photography","id":"267"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon -- Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Returning home","id":"106"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"Portland, Oregon","creation":"1948-1954","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hirahara, Frank photographer","download_large":"ddr-one-1-524-mezzanine-54624e5bd0-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-123-12","model":"segment","index":"7 1807/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-123-12/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-123-12/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-itsuguo-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-itsuguo-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda Interview I Segment 12","description":"Reuniting with friends made at prewar \"Young People's Christian Conference\" in Seattle, Washington<p>As a teenager prior to World War II, began keeping scrapbooks with newspaper articles and memorabilia, a lifetime habit.","extent":"00:04:48","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-123-12","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":121,"namepart":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"September 27, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-itsuguo-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-129-14","model":"segment","index":"8 1808/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-129-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-129-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hbill-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hbill-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Bill Hosokawa Interview Segment 14","description":"Impressions of the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington: \"What the hell are they trying to do to us?\"; controversy over Jimmie Sakamoto's role in Puyallup, and being sent to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming","extent":"00:06:54","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-129-14","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":124,"namepart":"Bill Hosokawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Daryl Maeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers -- Living conditions","id":"62"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","facility":[{"term":"Puyallup (Camp Harmony)","id":"11"}],"creation":"July 13, 2001","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Bill Hosokawa narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDaryl Maeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hbill-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-114-3","model":"segment","index":"9 1809/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-114-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-114-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mrobert-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mrobert-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Robert Mizukami Interview Segment 3","description":"Attending school in Renton, Washington area, a predominately Caucasian community<p>This is the first in a series of interviews conducted by the Puyallup Valley Japanese American Citizen League in collaboration with Densho.","extent":"00:02:52","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-114-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":113,"namepart":"Robert Mizukami"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Ronald Magden"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Jenna Brostrom"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Renton, Washington","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/2116594\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"April 11, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Robert Mizukami narrator \nRonald Magden interviewer \nJenna Brostrom videographer","download_large":"denshovh-mrobert-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-19","model":"entity","index":"10 1810/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-19/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-19/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview III","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"01:21:56","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-19","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 5, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-20","model":"entity","index":"11 1811/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-20/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-20/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-04-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-04-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview IV","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"01:49:44","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-20","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"February 17, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-04-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-17","model":"entity","index":"12 1812/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview I","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"02:53:51","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-17","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Becky Fukuda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"April 26, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nBecky Fukuda interviewer \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-18","model":"entity","index":"13 1813/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-18/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-18/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"02:31:45","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-18","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 25, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-115","model":"entity","index":"14 1814/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-115/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-115/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-05-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-05-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview V","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"01:55:10","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-115","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 4, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-05-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-426","model":"entity","index":"15 1815/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-426/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-426/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-426-mezzanine-7972a9cc0f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-426-mezzanine-7972a9cc0f-a.jpg"},"title":"Copy of letter from Ryo Morikawa to Charlotte Louise Peltcher","description":"Request by Ryo to classmate Charlotte for photos from 1939 yearbook that she lost during the war","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-426","topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Diego","id":"487"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Chiong, Anna Fumi (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"University of Washington"},{"namepart":"Seattle Public Library"},{"namepart":"Morikawa, George Kiyoshi"},{"namepart":"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences"},{"namepart":"California Institute of Technology"},{"namepart":"Peltcher, Charlotte Louise"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"September 7, 1988","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) \nTsai, Ai Chih \nChiong, Anna Fumi (Morikawa) \nUniversity of Washington \nSeattle Public Library \nMorikawa, George Kiyoshi \nCourant Institute of Mathematical Sciences \nCalifornia Institute of Technology \nPeltcher, Charlotte Louise","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-426-mezzanine-7972a9cc0f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-25-10","model":"entity","index":"16 1816/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-25-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-25-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-25/ddr-csujad-25-10-mezzanine-6af634145b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-25/ddr-csujad-25-10-mezzanine-6af634145b-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese family","description":"A page from an album containing Japanese family photographs. Five photographs are pasted on the page. All photographs appear to be taken in Washington in the early 1900s. Include Japanese men in suits, women in western dress, and children. Include a family portrait which is taken at \"Jackson Studio\" in Seattle, Washington. Also include one photograph of two Caucasian women. Another photograph captures a Japanese man in suits playing with bear cubs. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/8912\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">jia_07_01_010</a>","extent":"black and white","links_children":"ddr-csujad-25-10","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington","id":"290"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Nevada","id":"501"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Women","id":"515"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Department of Special Research Collections, UC Santa Barbara Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"album","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"1900-1939","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-25-10-mezzanine-6af634145b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-25-36","model":"entity","index":"17 1817/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-25-36/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-25-36/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-25/ddr-csujad-25-36-mezzanine-f0c5a8269d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-25/ddr-csujad-25-36-mezzanine-f0c5a8269d-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese family","description":"A page from an album containing Japanese family photographs. Two family portraits are pasted on the page. Those portraits appear to have been taken in Washington in the early 1900s. One is a portrait of three Japanese men in suits taken at \"Akash Studio,\" in Spokane, Washington; the other is a family portrait of two Japanese men in suits, a woman in western dress, and an infant. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/8939\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">jia_07_01_036</a>","extent":"black and white","links_children":"ddr-csujad-25-36","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington","id":"290"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Nevada","id":"501"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Women","id":"515"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Department of Special Research Collections, UC Santa Barbara Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"album","location":"Spokane, Washington","creation":"1900-1939","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-25-36-mezzanine-f0c5a8269d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-sjacl-2-23","model":"entity","index":"18 1818/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-sjacl-2-23/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-sjacl-2-23/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-sjacl-2/ddr-sjacl-2-23-1-mezzanine-2e96e645f0-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-sjacl-2/ddr-sjacl-2-23-1-mezzanine-2e96e645f0-a.jpg"},"title":"Tomio Moriguchi Interview","description":"Kristen M. Eng and Bill Tashima interviewed Tomio Moriguchi. While Moriguchi is often associated with Uwajimaya, Moriguchi's community activism includes co-chairing MOHAI\"s \"Pride and Shame\" exhibit, displaying WWII JA experience through the \"Pride\" of the Japanese Americans and the \"Shame\" of racial prejudice, wartime hysteria, and lack of government leadership. This exhibit later toured throughout Washington and is seen as laying the moral groundwork for the Redress Campaign at the Washington State level. Moriguchi also focused attention on the long-term health care need of the JA elders and helped found the Keiro Nursing Home.","extent":"0:50:32","links_children":"ddr-sjacl-2-23","creators":[{"role":"narrator","id":60,"namepart":"Tomio Moriguchi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Kristen M. Eng"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Bill Tashima"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Seattle JACL","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"2-Nov-20","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tomio Moriguchi narrator \nKristen M. Eng interviewer \nBill Tashima interviewer","download_large":"ddr-sjacl-2-23-1-mezzanine-2e96e645f0-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-sjacl-1-318","model":"entity","index":"19 1819/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-sjacl-1-318/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-sjacl-1-318/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-sjacl-1/ddr-sjacl-1-318-mezzanine-6defd792e4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-sjacl-1/ddr-sjacl-1-318-mezzanine-6defd792e4-a.jpg"},"title":"Seattle Chapter, JACL Reporter, Vol. XX, No. 1, January 1983","description":"Newsletter covering the following topics: 1993 President, Mako Nakagawa; 61st Installation Banquet, January 22, 1983, Butcher Restaurant (Atrium Design Center), Homer Yasui-emcee; Lake Washington JACL Dinner, January 15 at Benjamins in Bellevue, $16.00, 1983 President Ken Okuma, Keynote-Ron Mamiya; National JACL President, Floyd Shimomura, visits Seattle in December and speaks to a large throng from Seattle, Puyallup Valley, Lake Washington, and White River JACL at the Hunan restaurant.  He speaks on Redress and US-Japan Relations. Almost four pages devoted to  his presentation; 1982 Financial Statement; DoR Fun Run and Redress fundraiser, 2/19/83, 9.066 Kilometers (5.6 miles) from NVC.","extent":"8.5W x 14H","links_children":"ddr-sjacl-1-318","creators":[{"role":"Seattle Chapter, JACL","namepart":"publisher"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"Jan. 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"publisher Seattle Chapter, JACL","download_large":"ddr-sjacl-1-318-mezzanine-6defd792e4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-sjacl-1-317","model":"entity","index":"20 1820/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-sjacl-1-317/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-sjacl-1-317/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-sjacl-1/ddr-sjacl-1-317-mezzanine-1188fa5fb9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-sjacl-1/ddr-sjacl-1-317-mezzanine-1188fa5fb9-a.jpg"},"title":"Seattle Chapter, JACL Reporter, Vol. XX, No. 1, January 1983","description":"Newsletter covering the following topics: 1993 President, Mako Nakagawa; 61st Installation Banquet, January 22, 1983, Butcher Restaurant (Atrium Design Center), Homer Yasui-emcee; Lake Washington JACL Dinner, January 15 at Benjamins in Bellevue, $16.00, 1983 President Ken Okuma, Keynote-Ron Mamiya; National JACL President, Floyd Shimomura, visits Seattle in December and speaks to a large throng from Seattle, Puyallup Valley, Lake Washington, and White River JACL at the Hunan restaurant.  He speaks on Redress and US-Japan Relations. Almost four pages devoted to  his presentation; 1982 Financial Statement; DoR Fun Run and Redress fundraiser, 2/19/83, 9.066 Kilometers (5.6 miles) from NVC.","extent":"8.5W x 14H","links_children":"ddr-sjacl-1-317","creators":[{"role":"Seattle Chapter, JACL","namepart":"publisher"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"Jan. 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"publisher Seattle Chapter, JACL","download_large":"ddr-sjacl-1-317-mezzanine-1188fa5fb9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1014-13","model":"entity","index":"21 1821/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1014-13/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1014-13/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1014/denshovh-ssally-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1014/denshovh-ssally-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Sally Sudo Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born December 1, 1935, in Seattle, Washington. During World War II, removed with family to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, resettled in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Spent many years raising a family and teaching in Japan before eventually returning to Minnesota.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:13:51","links_children":"ddr-densho-1014-13","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":560,"namepart":"Sally Sudo"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Steve Ozone"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Bill Kubota"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Twin Cities JACL Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Minneapolis, Minnesota","creation":"October 12, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Sally Sudo narrator \nSteve Ozone interviewer \nBill Kubota videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ssally-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-7-4","model":"entity","index":"22 1822/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-7-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-7-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-sshizuko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-sshizuko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Shizuko \"Suzie\" Sakai Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born April 14, 1922, in Yakima, Washington, and grew up in Central Washington state. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Left camp to attend college in Kansas and North Carolina. Eventually returned to the West Coast.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:53:58","links_children":"ddr-one-7-4","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":673,"namepart":"Shizuko \"Suzie\" Sakai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Dane Fujimoto"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tim Rooney"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr005224n","namepart":"Hayashi, Shizuko"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"February 6, 2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Shizuko \"Suzie\" Sakai narrator \nDane Fujimoto interviewer \nTim Rooney videographer Hayashi, Shizuko 88922nr005224n","download_large":"denshovh-sshizuko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-7-65","model":"entity","index":"23 1823/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-7-65/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-7-65/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-nmary_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-nmary_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Mary Haruka Nakamura Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born March 21, 1924, in O'Brien, Washington. Grew up in the Auburn/Kent area of Washington, where parents ran a farm and then a grocery store. During World War II, removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, settled in Ontario, Oregon.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:08:53","links_children":"ddr-one-7-65","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":781,"namepart":"Mary Haruka Nakamura"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Linda Tamura"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Ontario, Oregon","creation":"April 22, 2014","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mary Haruka Nakamura narrator \nLinda Tamura interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-nmary_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-38","model":"entity","index":"24 1824/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-38/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-38/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kspady-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kspady-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Spady Koyama Interview I","description":"Nisei male. Born June 4, 1917, in Ferry County, Washington. Sent to Japan at age five following father's death, returning to Spokane, Washington, in 1927. Enlisted in the U.S. Army in January 1942. Served with the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) in the Pacific Ocean theater during World War II where he was seriously injured during a kamikaze dive bomb attack. Was recalled to active duty and subsequently served both in the Korean War and Vietnam War in military intelligence, directing the U.S. Army's counterintelligence in Vietnam. Retired from service in 1970 with the rank of colonel.","extent":"01:47:01","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-38","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":46,"namepart":"Spady Koyama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"James Arima"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"March 23, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Spady Koyama narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nJames Arima interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer","download_large":"denshovh-kspady-01-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Washington","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}