(As a teenager prior to World War II, began keeping scrapbooks with newspaper articles and memorabilia, a lifetime habit.)","extent":"03:04:23","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-123","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":121,"namepart":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs1n","namepart":"Ikeda, Tsuguo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"September 27, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Ikeda, Tsuguo 88922nr015zs1n","download_large":"denshovh-itsuguo-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-125","model":"entity","index":"3 3253/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-125/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-125/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-itsuguo-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-itsuguo-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda Interview III","description":"Nisei male. Born August 15, 1924, in Portland, Oregon. Incarcerated at the North Portland Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Kept a diary beginning December, 1941, and through incarceration. Beginning as a teenager, was exceptionally active as a volunteer leader, first within a Japanese American church in Portland, later in camp with Federated Christian Church, school and service clubs, and throughout life. Graduated from Hunt High School and left Minidoka on indefinite work leave. Drafted in 1944; graduated from United States Military Intelligence Service Language School. After discharge, returned to Portland, Oregon, and graduated from college in 1949. One of the earliest Nisei to obtain Master of Social Work degree from University of Washington, 1951. Married, 1951, and had four children. Incarceration led him to resolve to work for social justice. In 1953, was one of the first Nisei hired as executive director of a nonprofit organization in the United States (outside the Japanese American community), and served at the Atlantic Street Center in Seattle for 33 years, leading its transformation from settlement house to social service agency. Worked to reduce racial discrimination. Promoted multi-racial, cross-cultural cooperation, equal opportunity and affirmative action in community, church, nonprofit, government and other arenas. Mentors and advises community members, including sharing a set of principles he developed based on values from his cultural heritage. Mr. Ikeda is the recipient of numerous awards, recognitions of service and honors for his professional and volunteer contributions to society.
(As a teenager prior to World War II, began keeping scrapbooks with newspaper articles and memorabilia, a lifetime habit.)","extent":"00:50:34","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-125","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":121,"namepart":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs1n","namepart":"Ikeda, Tsuguo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"October 20, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Ikeda, Tsuguo 88922nr015zs1n","download_large":"denshovh-itsuguo-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-124","model":"entity","index":"4 3254/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-124/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-124/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-itsuguo-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-itsuguo-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born August 15, 1924, in Portland, Oregon. Incarcerated at the North Portland Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Kept a diary beginning December, 1941, and through incarceration. Beginning as a teenager, was exceptionally active as a volunteer leader, first within a Japanese American church in Portland, later in camp with Federated Christian Church, school and service clubs, and throughout life. Graduated from Hunt High School and left Minidoka on indefinite work leave. Drafted in 1944; graduated from United States Military Intelligence Service Language School. After discharge, returned to Portland, Oregon, and graduated from college in 1949. One of the earliest Nisei to obtain Master of Social Work degree from University of Washington, 1951. Married, 1951, and had four children. Incarceration led him to resolve to work for social justice. In 1953, was one of the first Nisei hired as executive director of a nonprofit organization in the United States (outside the Japanese American community), and served at the Atlantic Street Center in Seattle for 33 years, leading its transformation from settlement house to social service agency. Worked to reduce racial discrimination. Promoted multi-racial, cross-cultural cooperation, equal opportunity and affirmative action in community, church, nonprofit, government and other arenas. Mentors and advises community members, including sharing a set of principles he developed based on values from his cultural heritage. Mr. Ikeda is the recipient of numerous awards, recognitions of service and honors for his professional and volunteer contributions to society.
(As a teenager prior to World War II, began keeping scrapbooks with newspaper articles and memorabilia, a lifetime habit.)","extent":"01:13:49","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-124","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":121,"namepart":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs1n","namepart":"Ikeda, Tsuguo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"October 6, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Ikeda, Tsuguo 88922nr015zs1n","download_large":"denshovh-itsuguo-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"59","model":"narrator","index":"5 3255/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/59/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/59/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mhenry.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mhenry.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/59/interviews/"},"display_name":"Henry Miyatake","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 28, 1929, in Seattle, Washington. Incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Had some key childhood experiences with discrimination that made him a self-described, \"independent thinker,\" and later, an influential figure in the Japanese American community. While a teenager in camp, he wrote and defended an essay criticizing the United States' treatment of racial minorities. His teacher refused to accept his paper, resulting in a failed grade and preventing him from graduating. Postwar, served in the U.S. Counterintelligence Corps, where he was privy to classified documents detailing the placement of spies in the incarceration camps. After leaving the military, he worked at the Boeing Company, where he fought against discriminatory workplace practices. He was also one of the earliest proponents of redress, doing the research, planning, and organizing for the \"Seattle plan,\" the first highly developed plan for obtaining redress from the U.S. government for the WWII incarceration of the Japanese American community."},{"id":"165","model":"narrator","index":"6 3256/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/165/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/165/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hart.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hart.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/165/interviews/"},"display_name":"Art Hansen","bio":"White male. Born October 10, 1938, in Hoboken, New Jersey. Education History: BA, MA, Ph.D. at University of California, Santa Barbara. Work History: Professor of History and Asian American Studies, California State University, Fullerton (1966-Present); Visiting Professor, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, 1979-1980; Editor, Oral History Review, 1980-1987; President, Southwest Oral History Association (1991-1992); President, Oral History Association (2002-2003); Senior Historian, Japanese American National Museum (2001-2005) Publications: Coeditor, Reflections on Shattered Windows: Promises and Prospects for Asian American Studies (Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press, 1987); Editor, Japanese American Evacuation World War II Oral History Project [five parts: Evacuees; Administrators; Analysts; Resisters; Guards and Townspeople] (Munich, Ger.: K. G. Saur, 1992-1995]. Awards/Honors: James V. Mink Oral History Award, Southwest Oral History Association, 1988; Outstanding Teacher Award, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, 1996-1997; Distinguished Faculty Member, College of Humanities and Social Studies, California State University, Fullerton, 2001-2002."},{"id":"1046","model":"narrator","index":"7 3257/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1046/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1046/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-sjacl-2-34_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-sjacl-2-34_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1046/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kyle Kinoshita","bio":"In this interview, Brent Sato and Joy Misako St. Germain interviewed Dr. Kyle Kinoshita to discuss Kinoshita's mother's, the late Cherry Kinoshita and Kyle Kinoshita's contributions to the JACL and the JA community. \"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize,\" could well have been Cherry Kinoshita's mantra. She was the linchpin in the Seattle JACL and National JACL's effort to achieve redress for the WWII injustices wrought upon Japanese Americans. Densho described her as one of the \"Five Bad Ass Japanese American Women that You Probably Didn't Learn About in History Class.\" A tireless, indefatigable fighter, she was also a gentle thoughtful strategist. Cherry Kinoshita was a recipient of a 2004 Washington State Jefferson Award, as well as awards from National JACL and the Emperor of Japan, bestowed by Seattle's Japanese consulate. Her son, Dr. Kyle Kinoshita, continued his mother's quest for social justice and equity in his profession in the education field and his ongoing volunteer work in a myriad of community activities."},{"id":"135","model":"narrator","index":"8 3258/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/135/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/135/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sroger.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sroger.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/135/interviews/"},"display_name":"Roger Shimomura","bio":"Roger Shimomura's paintings, prints, and theater pieces address sociopolitical issues of Asian America. The inspiration for many of his works are the diaries kept by his late immigrant grandmother for fifty-six years. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Washington in Seattle, and his graduate degree from Syracuse University, New York. Shimomura has had more than 100 solo exhibitions of his paintings and prints, and has presented his experimental theater pieces at such venues as the Franklin Furnace, New York; Walker Art Center, Minneapolis; and the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. He is the recipient of four National Endowment for the Arts Fellowships in painting and performance art, a McKnight Fellowship, and a Civil Liberties Public Education Fund Fellowship. He was the first artist to be awarded an international Japan Foundation Grant, as well as the first in the state to receive the Kansas Arts Commission Artist Fellowship in Painting. In fall 1990, Shimomura was appointed the Dayton Hudson Distinguished Visiting Professor at Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota. Professor Shimomura has lectured on his work at more than 160 universities and art museums across the United States. In 1994 he was designated a University Distinguished Professor on the University of Kansas faculty, the first so honored in the history of the School of Fine Arts at that campus. In 1998, he received the Higuchi Research Prize, the highest annual honor bestowed on a Kansas University faculty member in the Humanities and Social Sciences. In 1999, the Seattle Urban League named a scholarship for him that is awarded annually to a Seattle resident pursuing a career in art. The College Art Association presented him with the Artist Award for Most Distinguished Body of Work for 2001, in recognition of his four-year, twelve-museum national tour of the painting exhibition An American Diary. Shimomura's personal papers are being collected by the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. He is represented by Jeffrey Hoffeld & Company, Inc., New York; Jan Cicero Gallery, Chicago; Jan Weiner Gallery, Kansas City; Bernice Steinbaum Gallery, Miami; and Greg Kucera Gallery, Seattle."},{"id":"124","model":"narrator","index":"9 3259/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/124/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/124/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hbill.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hbill.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/124/interviews/"},"display_name":"Bill Hosokawa","bio":"Nisei male. Born in Seattle on January 30, 1915, and attended Washington grade school, Garfield High School and the University of Washington. He grew up as a typical Nisei, working summers in Alaska salmon canneries and Western Avenue produce brokerages to pay for his education. He became interested in writing at Garfield where he was sports editor of the school paper. While attending the University he worked at the weekly Japanese American Courier published by the late Jimmie Sakamoto. A faculty adviser at the University urged Hosokawa to drop out of the journalism school \"because no newspaper in the country would hire a Japanese boy.\" Hosokawa rejected the advice, but when he graduated in 1937 he found the professor was right. After working as a male secretary writing letters, Hosokawa and his bride, the former Alice Miyake of Portland, Oregon, went to Singapore in 1938 to help launch an English language daily. A year and a half later Hosokawa moved to Shanghai to work on an American-owned monthly magazine, the Far Eastern Review. Then, sensing the inevitability of war, he returned to Seattle in 1941 just five weeks before the attack on Pearl Harbor. When war came, Hosokawa served as executive director of Seattle JACL's Emergency Defense Council helping people in the community to cope. He and his family were removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington. When other Seattleites were moved to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, Hosokawa and his wife and infant son were sent to Heart Mountain, Wyoming. Later, he learned he had been separated from his Seattle friends because he was considered a potential troublemaker. He was in Heart Mountain for 14 months, working as editor of the camp newspaper, the Heart Mountain Sentinel, before being released to join the Des Moines, Iowa Register in 1943. In 1946 he moved to Denver to work on the Denver Post. In 38 years at The Post he held such assignments as executive news editor, assistant managing editor and Sunday editor. He covered the Japanese peace treaty in San Francisco in 1951, the Summit meeting in Paris in 1960 and the Zengakuren student riots in Japan that same year. He also had assignments as war correspondent in Korea and Vietnam, and for 17 years was editor of Empire, the Post's prize-winning Sunday magazine. For his last seven years at the Post Hosokawa was editor of the editorial page -- a Japanese American imprisoned during World War II as a potential security risk who now directed the opinion section of a major American newspaper. After retiring from the Post in 1984 he served the Rocky Mountain News as ombudsman columnist for seven years. Hosokawa has taught journalism classes at the University of Colorado, University of Northern Colorado and University of Wyoming. He wrote a weekly comment column called \"From the Frying Pan\" in JACL's weekly Pacific Citizen from 1942 until 1999. Among other honors, Hosokawa is a former president of the American Association of Sunday and Feature Editors and a member of that organization's Hall of Fame, a charter member of the Denver Press Club Hall of Fame. He was named JACL's Nisei of the Biennium in 1958, and has published 12 books. Hosokawa and his wife Alice, who died in 1998, had four children."},{"id":"43","model":"narrator","index":"10 3260/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/43/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/43/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kminoru.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kminoru.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/43/interviews/"},"display_name":"Minoru Kiyota","bio":"Kibei male, born October 12, 1923, in Seattle, Washington. Raised primarily in San Francisco, California, spending four years in Hiratsuka, Japan. Was incarcerated with his family at Topaz concentration camp, Utah. Refused to sign the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" and as a consequence was moved to Tule Lake Segregation Center, California. In Tule, he renounced his U.S. citizenship in protest of the incarceration his treatment in camp, and the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" Shortly thereafter he regretted his actions and attempted to rescind his decision. (It would be ten years before he would regain his citizenship.) After being released from Tule Lake in March 1946 he accepted a scholarship to College of the Ozarks, Arkansas, transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, and then served overseas in the U.S. Air Force Intelligence during the Korean War until his renunciation was discovered. After being dismissed from the air force he stayed in Japan, earning a master's and doctorate degree from Tokyo University. Published an autobiographical work in Japan entitled \"Nikkei hangyakuji,\" which was translated into English as \"Beyond Loyalty: The Story of a Kibei.\""},{"id":"64","model":"narrator","index":"11 3261/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/64/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/64/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/npaul.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/npaul.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/64/interviews/"},"display_name":"Paul Nagano","bio":"Sansei male. Born, June 17, 1920, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in \"Little Tokyo,\" and the Boyle Heights area. During World War II, was removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Became ordained as a Baptist minister while incarcerated, ministering to fellow camp inmates and leading ecumenical worship services in camp. Left Poston to attend Bethel Theological Seminary in St Paul, Minnesota. Following the war, resettled in Los Angeles and established the Japanese Baptist Church, later renamed to Evergreen Baptist Church. Appointed the first director of Japanese Evangelical Missionary Society. Spent eight years as pastor of the Makiki Church in Honolulu. Returned to the mainland and earned his doctorate degree (D. Rel.) from the School of Theology, Claremont, California, authoring a thesis on Japanese American identity, ethnic pluralism, and Christianity. Spent fifteen years as Pastor as Japanese Baptist Church in Seattle, Washington. Taught at the American Baptist Seminary of the West, Berkeley, California, and served as Director of the Council for Pacific Asian Theology, Oakland, California. Presently, Minister-at-Large-Northern California Japanese American Church Federation."},{"id":"ddr-densho-537-43","model":"entity","index":"12 3262/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-537-43/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-537-43/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-537/ddr-densho-537-43-mezzanine-64b7fb479f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-537/ddr-densho-537-43-mezzanine-64b7fb479f-a.jpg"},"title":"Crystal City Chatter Issue 33","description":"Issue 33 includes a fundraising update, a \"101 Ways to Tell If You're Japanese American\" article, letters to the editor, and more. The letters to the editor section includes a message from Satomi (Koga) Ishida.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-537-43","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Crystal City Chatters"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Utsushigawa-Shimatsu, Sumi"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations","id":"16"},{"term":"Japanese Latin Americans -- Redress and reparations","id":"168"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Crystal City Chatters"},{"namepart":"Utsushigawa-Shimatsu, Sumi"},{"namepart":"Crystal City Association"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr007nf0t","namepart":"Dyo, Sei"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr011898x","namepart":"Takeuchi, Tomoko"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr006sp6f","namepart":"Kanogawa, Yaeko"},{"namepart":"McCullister, Charles"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr005jk13","namepart":"Okazaki, Maruko"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr005gx9x","namepart":"Nozaki, Joy Yukashi"},{"namepart":"Karasawa, Babe"},{"namepart":"Karasawa, Mary"},{"namepart":"Imai, Jackie"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr0118977","namepart":"Takeuchi, Takashi"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr008b02p","namepart":"Koga, Satomi"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr003v563","namepart":"Takahashi, Kimiko"},{"namepart":"Yamagishi, Mamo"},{"namepart":"Japanese American National Museum"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr013bb47","namepart":"Sasaki, Sachiko Romola"},{"namepart":"Nonoguchi, Yuki"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr012946g","namepart":"Nonoguchi, Hajime"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr012x79p","namepart":"Morita, Akemi"},{"namepart":"Eshita, Miyo"},{"namepart":"Takeuchi, Tak"},{"namepart":"Takeuchi, Emi"},{"namepart":"Takeuchi, Yone"},{"namepart":"Kanogawa, Stogie"},{"namepart":"Kanogawa, Massie"},{"namepart":"Nakamura, Fumi"},{"namepart":"Nakamura, Ty"},{"namepart":"Okazaki, Sid"},{"namepart":"Okazaki, Yukie"},{"namepart":"Ikemiya, Tom"},{"namepart":"Ikemiya, Reiko"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr013621f","namepart":"Okamura, Nachiko Henry"},{"namepart":"Okamura, Kazie"},{"namepart":"Sakurai, Ruby"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr003v563","namepart":"Takahashi, Kimiko"},{"namepart":"Hirano, Irene"},{"namepart":"Hoshiyama, Fred"},{"namepart":"Ochi, Florence"},{"namepart":"Kuida, Jenni Emiko"},{"namepart":"Osumi, Tony"},{"namepart":"Takaaze, Florence"},{"namepart":"Clinton, William \"Bill\" Jefferson"},{"namepart":"Taniguchi, Tets"},{"namepart":"Taniguchi, Rosie (Fujii)"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr008b02p","namepart":"Koga, Satomi"},{"namepart":"UW Japanese American Youth Society"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr006qm1f","namepart":"Ichikawa, Akira"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr006qm56","namepart":"Ichikawa, Satoru"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr0062z16","namepart":"Takahashi, Kazuko"},{"namepart":"Kashima, Tetsuden"},{"namepart":"Univeristy of Washington"},{"namepart":"Oki, Scott"},{"namepart":"Hattori, Jeffrey"},{"namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"},{"namepart":"Karasawa, Mary"},{"namepart":"Ishida, Tad"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Camarilla, California","facility":[{"term":"Crystal City","id":"29"}],"creation":"March 1997","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Crystal City Chatters publisher \nUtsushigawa-Shimatsu, Sumi author Crystal City Chatters \nUtsushigawa-Shimatsu, Sumi \nCrystal City Association \nDyo, Sei 88922nr007nf0t\nTakeuchi, Tomoko 88922nr011898x\nKanogawa, Yaeko 88922nr006sp6f\nMcCullister, Charles \nOkazaki, Maruko 88922nr005jk13\nNozaki, Joy Yukashi 88922nr005gx9x\nKarasawa, Babe \nKarasawa, Mary \nImai, Jackie \nTakeuchi, Takashi 88922nr0118977\nKoga, Satomi 88922nr008b02p\nTakahashi, Kimiko 88922nr003v563\nYamagishi, Mamo \nJapanese American National Museum \nSasaki, Sachiko Romola 88922nr013bb47\nNonoguchi, Yuki \nNonoguchi, Hajime 88922nr012946g\nMorita, Akemi 88922nr012x79p\nEshita, Miyo \nTakeuchi, Tak \nTakeuchi, Emi \nTakeuchi, Yone \nKanogawa, Stogie \nKanogawa, Massie \nNakamura, Fumi \nNakamura, Ty \nOkazaki, Sid \nOkazaki, Yukie \nIkemiya, Tom \nIkemiya, Reiko \nOkamura, Nachiko Henry 88922nr013621f\nOkamura, Kazie \nSakurai, Ruby \nTakahashi, Kimiko 88922nr003v563\nHirano, Irene \nHoshiyama, Fred \nOchi, Florence \nKuida, Jenni Emiko \nOsumi, Tony \nTakaaze, Florence \nClinton, William \"Bill\" Jefferson \nTaniguchi, Tets \nTaniguchi, Rosie (Fujii) \nKoga, Satomi 88922nr008b02p\nUW Japanese American Youth Society \nIchikawa, Akira 88922nr006qm1f\nIchikawa, Satoru 88922nr006qm56\nTakahashi, Kazuko 88922nr0062z16\nKashima, Tetsuden \nUniveristy of Washington \nOki, Scott \nHattori, Jeffrey \nJapanese American Citizens League \nKarasawa, Mary \nIshida, Tad","download_large":"ddr-densho-537-43-mezzanine-64b7fb479f-a.jpg"},{"id":"77","model":"narrator","index":"13 3263/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/77/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/77/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/osue.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/osue.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/77/interviews/"},"display_name":"Sue Takimoto Okabe","bio":"Nisei female. Born September 5, 1928, in Tacoma, Washington, moved with her family to Seattle at age four. At age six, began singing, taking voice lessons and performing on stage for Japanese American community events. In 1942, was incarcerated with her family at Puyallup Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, where she continued to sing -- including performances outside of the camp arranged by camp authorities. Remembers fondly the freedom from parental supervision teenagers experienced while in camp. In fact, after the family was allowed early release to relocate in Denver in April 1943, she ran away from home and briefly returned to Minidoka. In Denver, continued her music studies and joined a United Service Organization (USO) group, experiencing both racial prejudice and warm welcome at USO performances. Postwar, resettled with her family in Los Angeles, where she attended the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music, University of California, Los Angeles, and University Southern California. Continued to pursue music as a hobby through schooling, marriage, and two children. Began teaching private piano and voice lessons in 1952. Following her divorce in 1958, began singing in nightclubs and lounges."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-6","model":"entity","index":"14 3264/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-6-mezzanine-9d60b2c020-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-6-mezzanine-9d60b2c020-a.jpg"},"title":"What will be my future","description":"Term paper by Lily Fukuhara for period V Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Chapter headings include: After high school- What next?; Possibilities after graduation; What are my goals?; and Will I attend college? Ch. 1: Lily describes an excitement for graduation and a tendency to overplan and overthink her future: In a perfect world, she had hoped to go to college after majoring in music in high school. Her ultimate goal was to become a professional violinist but she describes a need for more than talent to accomplish this goal. Practical advice: it's difficult and competitive and it is hard to make a living as a musician so she will explore teaching music as an alternative. Ch. 2: After graduating from Manzanar High, Lily had hoped to still go to college. On the advice of her father, instead, she is enrolled in a post-graduate music course and will bolster her skills in typing, psychology, etc., at the junior college in preparation for college rather than face poor conditions and racism outside of camp. She also considered applying to the open library position in Manzanar to gain more knowledge and experience. Ch. 3: Lists what is needed to be considered when making goals. Lily wishes to be well-rounded and to catch up on popular books and magazines so she can be a social success. She believes it necessary to earn the respect of others and to understand others well. Ch. 4: Lily had hoped to attend UCLA or USC to study music education. Now, she has been looking at other schools around the country, including Washington State. She then includes a run-down of what is offered at WSU and what has enticed her to apply there. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9006. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0006","extent":"19 pages, 10.5 x 8 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-6","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Fukuhara, Lily"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fukuhara, Lily author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-6-mezzanine-9d60b2c020-a.jpg"},{"id":"134","model":"narrator","index":"15 3265/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/134/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/134/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mdale.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mdale.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/134/interviews/"},"display_name":"Dale Minami","bio":"Sansei male. Born in Los Angeles, California on October 13, 1946, and grew up in Gardena, California. Received B.A. in Political Science from University of Southern California, graduated magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa in 1968. Received J.D., 1971, from Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California. Mr. Minami was a co-founder of the Asian Law Caucus, Inc., a co-founder of the Asian Pacific American Bar Association of the Greater Bay Area, the Asian Pacific Bar of California and the Coalition of Asian Pacific Americans. He was involved in significant litigation affecting civil rights of Asian Pacific Americans and other minorities, including Korematsu v. United States, a lawsuit to overturn a 40 year old conviction for refusal to obey exclusion orders aimed at Japanese Americans during WWII, originally upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in landmark decisions; United Pilipinos for Affirmative Action v. California Blue Shield, the first class action employment lawsuit brought by Asian Pacific Americans on behalf of Asian Pacific Americans; Spokane JACL v. Washington State University, a class action on behalf of Asian Pacific Americans to establish an Asian American Studies program at Washington State University; and Nakanishi v. UCLA, a claim for unfair denial of tenure which resulted in the granting of tenure after widespread publicity over discrimination in academia. Mr. Minami represents Kristi Yamaguchi, the 1992 Olympic Gold Medal skater, playwright Philip Kan Gotanda, actor Lane Nishikawa, and others in the fields of media and entertainment. He is counsel to the National Asian American Telecommunications Association and the Asian American Journalists' Association. Mr. Minami has taught at University of California, Berkeley and Mills College in Oakland, CA and has been a Commissioner of the State of California's Fair Employment and Housing Commission, a Commissioner on the State Bar of California, Commission on Judicial Nominees Evaluation, the Chair of the Attorney General's Asian/Pacific Advisory Committee and a Member of Senator Barbara Boxer's Judicial Screening Committee. He was Chair of the Civil Liberties Public Education Fund Commission, appointed by President Clinton in 1994. Mr. Minami has received numerous awards including the State Bar President's Pro bono Service Award, an honorary Juris Doctor degree from the McGeorge School of Law, designation of a dormitory at the University of California at Santa Cruz as the \"Queen Liliuokalani-Minami\" Dormitory, awards from the Coro Foundation, the Japanese Cultural and Community Center of Northern California, the Harry Dow Memorial Fellowship in Boston, the Fred Korematsu Civil Rights Fund Award, the Organization of Chinese Americans, the Japanese American Youth Center and the Centro Legale de la Raza. Mr. Minami is a partner with Minami, Lew and Tamaki in San Francisco, and specializes in personal injury and entertainment law."},{"id":"115","model":"narrator","index":"16 3266/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/115/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/115/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/fjoseph.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/fjoseph.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/115/interviews/"},"display_name":"Joseph Frisino","bio":"Male of Italian and Irish descent. Born 1919 in Baltimore, Maryland. Grew up in the countryside outside of Baltimore with his parents, younger sister, and maternal grandmother. Raised Catholic, he attended public schools until graduating in 1936 at age seventeen. Began working for the Baltimore News Post in 1937 until the draft of 1940 when he was called to serve one year in the U.S. armed forces. Joined the army at the age of twenty-one, well aware of Hitler's aggression in Europe and fairly certain the U.S. would have to join the war effort to stop him. Went through basic training and was just 2 months away from being discharged at the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Mr. Frisino shares his memories of the day Pearl Harbor was bombed and his own personal reaction to the bombing. Went through training as a radio operator, met and married his wife, Harriette, and went through rigorous Officer Candidate School before being shipped overseas to fight for 2 years in the jungles of Burma as a communications supply officer. In 1945, returned home to his wife in Seattle, Washington and began his career at the Seattle Post-Intelligencer where he worked for over 50 years. In this interview, Mr. Frisino shares the memories of his own life, as well as his perspective on issues of race and ethnicity."},{"id":"ddr-densho-442","model":"collection","index":"17 3267/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-442/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-442/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-442/ddr-densho-442-184-mezzanine-66f116bd6d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-442/ddr-densho-442-184-mezzanine-66f116bd6d-a.jpg"},"title":"Wakaichi \"Buck\" Ohashi Family Collection","description":"Wakaichi \"Buck\" Ohashi Family Collection is a photo album of the Ohashi family. The album primarily contains photographs of the Ohashi family and the Japanese American community in Ketchikan, Alaska prior to WWII.\r\n\r\nJasomatsu \"George\" Ohashi (1872-1934) immigrated to Ketchikan, Alaska around 1900 with his wife Shika, leaving his young son Wakaichi “Buck” in Japan. He came to Alaska following the Yukon Gold Rush, however, he opened a restaurant on Front Street in Ketchikan called \"New York Cafe.\" In 1907 George built a storefront and boarding house on Stedman Street that housed his businesses as well as his growing family. In the storefront he opened and ran Ohashi's Grocery. In the following years he and Shika had two daughters, Mary Haruko (1909) and Ruth Tomo (1917). Around 1911, George sent for his son, Wakaichi “Buck” Ohashi to join him in Alaska. During Prohibition, George put a pool house and bar in the back of the grocery store. Around 1924, Buck returned to Japan to marry Komatsu Saito, and in 1924 they returned to Ketchikan. Together Komatsu and Buck had 5 children, Robert Teruo (1926), Hope Nobuko (1927), Neil Jiro (1930), Edward Saburo (1931) and Paul Masuo (1934). Upon George’s death in 1934 Buck took over the family business, and in 1936 he closed the grocery and opened \"Welexum Bar\" in the space. After a few years the bar was closed and the store front divided into two spaces, a liquor store and a confectionary/ice cream shop. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941 Buck along with all the Issei men in Ketchikan, was arrested and detained on Annette Island. Eventually transferred to Lordsburg or Santa Fe in the following months. In 1942, the rest of the Ohashi family was removed and detained, initially at Camp Harmony in Puyallup, Washington, then at Minidoka in Idaho. Upon the family’s return to Ketchikan in 1945, they reopened the liquor store and confectionary and ran the business until the mid-1990s.","extent":"1 photo album with 312 photographs","links_children":"ddr-densho-442","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-442-184-mezzanine-66f116bd6d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-413","model":"entity","index":"18 3268/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-413/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-413/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-413-mezzanine-6cd9d30c12-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-413-mezzanine-6cd9d30c12-a.jpg"},"title":"Carbon copy letter from Ai Chih Tsai to Ng Boksu","description":"Responding to Ng Boksu's inquiry about Taiwanese in the U.S. just before WWII. (5 pages)","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-413","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Minnesota","id":"494"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Hawai'i","id":"277"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Diego","id":"487"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Bellevue","id":"292"},{"term":"Military service -- Post-World War II service","id":"297"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- Student clubs","id":"22"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Arrival","id":"4"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Naturalization","id":"176"},{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"World War II","id":"399"},{"term":"Japan -- Pre-World War II","id":"163"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Chiong, Khe-Beng"},{"namepart":"Chiong, Thian Ki"},{"namepart":"United States. Navy"},{"namepart":"Columbia University"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago Divinity School"},{"namepart":"Japanese Church of Christ"},{"namepart":"Doshisha Daigaku"},{"namepart":"Whitman College"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago Divinity School"},{"namepart":"Chicago Theological Seminary"},{"namepart":"Cashman, Robert"},{"namepart":"Purdue University"},{"namepart":"United States Army"},{"namepart":"Chiong, Anna Fumi (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Chiong, Mei Lan"},{"namepart":"Hunter College"},{"namepart":"McCay, Chu Lan (Chiong)"},{"namepart":"McCay, Howard"},{"namepart":"McCay, Adam"},{"namepart":"McCay, Aaron"},{"namepart":"S.S. Taiyo Maru (passenger ship) / S.S. Cap Fiinisterre (ID 4051)"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Jin"},{"namepart":"Aoyama Gakuin"},{"namepart":"Yoshimune, Abe"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Anderson, Harrison Ray"},{"namepart":"Fourth Presbyterian Church"},{"namepart":"United States Department of War"},{"namepart":"United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)"},{"namepart":"United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)"},{"namepart":"Chen, Yi"},{"namepart":"Shackleton, Allan J."},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Hui Sim"},{"namepart":"Ho, Show Shan"},{"namepart":"Lee, Shinko"},{"namepart":"Seattle Pacific College"},{"namepart":"Lee, George"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Yi"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Kim Siok"},{"namepart":"St. Louis Country Club"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, Mark Ming Chih"},{"namepart":"Keiro Northwest"},{"namepart":"Lee, Bisim (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Arthur Andersen LLP"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Peter"},{"namepart":"Providence Health and Services"},{"namepart":"Lee, Kristi"},{"namepart":"University of Washington"},{"namepart":"Seattle Public Schools"},{"namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Poe, Sarah LiHoa"},{"namepart":"University of Minnesota, Duluth"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Seattle Public Library"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, Henry"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 26, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ai Chih author Tsai, Ai Chih \nChiong, Khe-Beng \nChiong, Thian Ki \nUnited States. Navy \nColumbia University \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nJapanese Church of Christ \nDoshisha Daigaku \nWhitman College \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nChicago Theological Seminary \nCashman, Robert \nPurdue University \nUnited States Army \nChiong, Anna Fumi (Morikawa) \nChiong, Mei Lan \nHunter College \nMcCay, Chu Lan (Chiong) \nMcCay, Howard \nMcCay, Adam \nMcCay, Aaron \nS.S. Taiyo Maru (passenger ship) / S.S. Cap Fiinisterre (ID 4051) \nTsai, Ai Jin \nAoyama Gakuin \nYoshimune, Abe \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) \nAnderson, Harrison Ray \nFourth Presbyterian Church \nUnited States Department of War \nUnited States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS) \nUnited Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) \nChen, Yi \nShackleton, Allan J. \nJapanese Congregational Church \nTsai, Hui Sim \nHo, Show Shan \nLee, Shinko \nSeattle Pacific College \nLee, George \nTsai, Ai Yi \nTsai, Kim Siok \nSt. Louis Country Club \nCaldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nCaldwell, Mark Ming Chih \nKeiro Northwest \nLee, Bisim (Tsai) \nArthur Andersen LLP \nTsai, Peter \nProvidence Health and Services \nLee, Kristi \nUniversity of Washington \nSeattle Public Schools \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) \nPoe, Sarah LiHoa \nUniversity of Minnesota, Duluth \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) \nSeattle Public Library \nCaldwell, Henry","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-413-mezzanine-6cd9d30c12-a.jpg"},{"id":"121","model":"narrator","index":"19 3269/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/121/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/121/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/itsuguo.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/itsuguo.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/121/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 15, 1924, in Portland, Oregon. Incarcerated at the North Portland Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Kept a diary beginning December, 1941, and through incarceration. Beginning as a teenager, was exceptionally active as a volunteer leader, first within a Japanese American church in Portland, later in camp with Federated Christian Church, school and service clubs, and throughout life.\r\n Graduated from Hunt High School and left Minidoka on indefinite work leave. Drafted in 1944; graduated from United States Military Intelligence Service Language School. After discharge, returned to Portland, Oregon, and graduated from college in 1949. One of the earliest Nisei to obtain Master of Social Work degree from University of Washington, 1951. Married, 1951, and had four children.\r\n Incarceration led him to resolve to work for social justice. In 1953, was one of the first Nisei hired as executive director of a nonprofit organization in the United States (outside the Japanese American community), and served at the Atlantic Street Center in Seattle for 33 years, leading its transformation from settlement house to social service agency. Worked to reduce racial discrimination. Promoted multi-racial, cross-cultural cooperation, equal opportunity and affirmative action in community, church, nonprofit, government and other arenas. Mentors and advises community members, including sharing a set of principles he developed based on values from his cultural heritage. Mr. Ikeda is the recipient of numerous awards, recognitions of service and honors for his professional and volunteer contributions to society."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-127","model":"entity","index":"20 3270/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-127/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-127/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ipeter-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ipeter-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Peter Irons Interview II","description":"White male. Born 1940 in Salem, Massachusetts. Family moved frequently during his childhood due to father's employment. Strongly influenced by parents' values regarding racial tolerance and inclusion, and principles learned through Unitarian Church. While attending Antioch College in Ohio, became involved in political and social activism for civil rights. Joined the youth branch of NAACP, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and other groups. Active in sit-ins and other demonstrations addressing racial inequality, peace and related issues, eventually becoming a full-time organizer. Worked for the United Autoworkers Union. Resisted the draft, and was indicted by a federal grand jury in 1964. Convicted of failing to report for military service and sentenced to three years in prison. Graduated from Antioch College, 1966. Appealed his conviction to the United States Court of Appeals and lost. Served his sentence in federal institutions in Milan, Michigan, Terre Haute, Indiana, and Danbury, Connecticut. Following release from prison in 1969, attended graduate school at Boston University, obtaining PhD in political science in 1973. Accepted to Harvard Law School. While a law student, researched and filed a writ of error coram nobis with the federal court in which he had been convicted, and as a result had his conviction vacated. (Writ of error coram nobis establishes that the original case was premised on errors of fact withheld from the judge and the defense by the prosecution.) Graduated from Harvard Law School in 1978. Taught undergraduate and law school courses at several schools before joining faculty of the University of California at San Diego. While conducting research at the National Archives and Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. in preparation for writing a book, discovered evidence of governmental misconduct during World War II, which refuted the U.S. government's rationale of \"military necessity\" for the mass incarceration of persons of Japanese ancestry in 1942. Using this evidence, assisted the congressional Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. Contacted original defendants, initiated formation of legal teams, and was instrumental in filing petitions using the writ of error coram nobis, resulting in the reconsideration of the wartime \"internment cases\": Hirabayashi, Korematsu, and Yasui. Dr. Irons is a professor of political science and director of the Earl Warren Bill of Rights Project at the University of California, San Diego.","extent":"02:41:34","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-127","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":122,"namepart":"Peter Irons"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Lorraine Bannai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"October 27, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Peter Irons narrator \nLorraine Bannai interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ipeter-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-126","model":"entity","index":"21 3271/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-126/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-126/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ipeter-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ipeter-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Peter Irons Interview I","description":"White male. Born 1940 in Salem, Massachusetts. Family moved frequently during his childhood due to father's employment. Strongly influenced by parents' values regarding racial tolerance and inclusion, and principles learned through Unitarian Church. While attending Antioch College in Ohio, became involved in political and social activism for civil rights. Joined the youth branch of NAACP, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and other groups. Active in sit-ins and other demonstrations addressing racial inequality, peace and related issues, eventually becoming a full-time organizer. Worked for the United Autoworkers Union. Resisted the draft, and was indicted by a federal grand jury in 1964. Convicted of failing to report for military service and sentenced to three years in prison. Graduated from Antioch College, 1966. Appealed his conviction to the United States Court of Appeals and lost. Served his sentence in federal institutions in Milan, Michigan, Terre Haute, Indiana, and Danbury, Connecticut. Following release from prison in 1969, attended graduate school at Boston University, obtaining PhD in political science in 1973. Accepted to Harvard Law School. While a law student, researched and filed a writ of error coram nobis with the federal court in which he had been convicted, and as a result had his conviction vacated. (Writ of error coram nobis establishes that the original case was premised on errors of fact withheld from the judge and the defense by the prosecution.) Graduated from Harvard Law School in 1978. Taught undergraduate and law school courses at several schools before joining faculty of the University of California at San Diego. While conducting research at the National Archives and Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. in preparation for writing a book, discovered evidence of governmental misconduct during World War II, which refuted the U.S. government's rationale of \"military necessity\" for the mass incarceration of persons of Japanese ancestry in 1942. Using this evidence, assisted the congressional Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. Contacted original defendants, initiated formation of legal teams, and was instrumental in filing petitions using the writ of error coram nobis, resulting in the reconsideration of the wartime \"internment cases\": Hirabayashi, Korematsu, and Yasui. Dr. Irons is a professor of political science and director of the Earl Warren Bill of Rights Project at the University of California, San Diego.","extent":"02:21:49","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-126","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":122,"namepart":"Peter Irons"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Lorraine Bannai"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"October 25, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Peter Irons narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nLorraine Bannai interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ipeter-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"129","model":"narrator","index":"22 3272/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/129/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/129/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ymitsuye.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ymitsuye.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/129/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mitsuye May Yamada","bio":"Female, child of Issei parents. Born July 5, 1923, in Fukuoka, Japan while her mother and two older Nisei brothers visited relatives. Named Mitsuye Mei Yasutake at birth. From age 3, grew up in Seattle, WA. Father employed by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service as interpreter for twenty years, until separated from family on December 7, 1941 and interned as an enemy alien. Attended Cleveland High School before being removed from Seattle with mother and three brothers in 1942, and incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Allowed temporary leave from Minidoka, to travel with brother William Toshio Yasutake to visit their father, Jack Kaichiro Yasutake, incarcerated at U.S. Department of Justice internment camp in Lordsburg, NM. Released from Minidoka in 1943 to work and attend college in Cincinnati. Received B.A. in English and Art from New York University. M.A. in English Literature and Research from University of Chicago. Married and had four children. Moved to Southern California in 1960. Taught for 23 years at community colleges in Southern California and other institutions, retiring from Cypress College as Professor of English in 1989. Author of Camp Notes and Other Poems, first published in 1976; Desert Run, (1988); writer of numerous other essays, short stories, and poems widely anthologized in collections such as This Bridge Called My Back (1981) and Women Poets of the World (1983). Featured in \"Mitsuye and Nellie: Two American Poets,\" documentary film on Asian women in the United States, aired on national public television, 1981. Founder of MultiCultural Women Writers (MCWW), member of Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States (MELUS), and active in many community, arts and cross-cultural programs. Elected to National Board of Directors of Amnesty International USA in 1987 and served for six years. Recipient of numerous awards and honors recognizing her professional and volunteer contributions to society."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-16","model":"entity","index":"23 3273/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-ipeter-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-ipeter-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Peter Irons Interview","description":"White male. Born 1940 in Salem, Massachusetts. Family moved frequently during his childhood due to father's employment. Strongly influenced by parents' values regarding racial tolerance and inclusion, and principles learned through Unitarian Church. While attending Antioch College in Ohio, became involved in political and social activism for civil rights. Joined the youth branch of NAACP, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and other groups. Active in sit-ins and other demonstrations addressing racial inequality, peace and related issues, eventually becoming a full-time organizer. Worked for the United Autoworkers Union. Resisted the draft, and was indicted by a federal grand jury in 1964. Convicted of failing to report for military service and sentenced to three years in prison. Graduated from Antioch College, 1966. Appealed his conviction to the United States Court of Appeals and lost. Served his sentence in federal institutions in Milan, Michigan, Terre Haute, Indiana, and Danbury, Connecticut. Following release from prison in 1969, attended graduate school at Boston University, obtaining PhD in political science in 1973. Accepted to Harvard Law School. While a law student, researched and filed a writ of error coram nobis with the federal court in which he had been convicted, and as a result had his conviction vacated. (Writ of error coram nobis establishes that the original case was premised on errors of fact withheld from the judge and the defense by the prosecution.) Graduated from Harvard Law School in 1978. Taught undergraduate and law school courses at several schools before joining faculty of the University of California at San Diego. While conducting research at the National Archives and Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. in preparation for writing a book, discovered evidence of governmental misconduct during World War II, which refuted the U.S. government's rationale of \"military necessity\" for the mass incarceration of persons of Japanese ancestry in 1942. Using this evidence, assisted the congressional Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. Contacted original defendants, initiated formation of legal teams, and was instrumental in filing petitions using the writ of error coram nobis, resulting in the reconsideration of the wartime \"internment cases\": Hirabayashi, Korematsu, and Yasui. Dr. Irons is a professor of political science and director of the Earl Warren Bill of Rights Project at the University of California, San Diego.
(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:06:01","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-16","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":122,"namepart":"Peter Irons"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"November 11, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Peter Irons narrator","download_large":"denshovh-ipeter-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-455","model":"entity","index":"24 3274/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-455/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-455/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-455-mezzanine-044e79f2bf-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-455-mezzanine-044e79f2bf-a.jpg"},"title":"Book of 70th Anniversary of Japanese Congregational Church","description":"The Japanese Congregational Church's 70th Anniversary coincided with the 100th Anniversary of the Japanese Christian Mission in North America. This book traces the history of JCC within the larger setting of national and local events, and some of the photos and narratives may be of interest. Ai Chih Tsai was pastor at JCC from 1948 to 1978. (September 1977)","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-455","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Oakland","id":"485"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Minnesota -- Minneapolis","id":"495"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington","id":"290"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- YMCA/YWCA","id":"471"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Sansei","id":"338"},{"term":"Education -- Church-run schools","id":"35"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers","id":"61"},{"term":"Community activities -- Festivals, celebrations, and holidays","id":"25"},{"term":"Community activities -- Recreational activities -- Picnics","id":"311"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Elders","id":"510"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Parents","id":"513"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Youth","id":"514"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Women","id":"515"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Picture brides","id":"342"},{"term":"Japan -- Pre-World War II","id":"163"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications","id":"26"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Cross-racial relations","id":"38"},{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Buddhism","id":"395"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Religious organizations","id":"397"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Religion","id":"75"},{"term":"World 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