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Served as Executive Director of the International District Improvement Association (InterIm) from 1972 to 1989. In 1982, founded the Minority Executive Director's Coalition along with other members of the \"Gang of Four\": Bernie Whitebear, Larry Gossett, and Roberto Maestas. Oversaw the Seattle Chinatown/International District Preservation Authority from 1989 to 1993, and served as Regional Director of the Department of Housing and Urban Development from 1994 to 2001. Returned as Executive Director of InterIm until retirement in 2005.","extent":"02:08:42","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-352","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":577,"namepart":"Bob Santos"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"June 30, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Bob Santos narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-sbob_2-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-339","model":"entity","index":"1 3051/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-339/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-339/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-sbob_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-sbob_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Bob Santos Interview I","description":"Male of Filipino and Native American descent. Born 1934 in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in the Chinatown/International District area of Seattle. In the 1950s, became involved in civil rights activist causes. Served as Executive Director of the International District Improvement Association (InterIm) from 1972 to 1989. In 1982, founded the Minority Executive Director's Coalition along with other members of the \"Gang of Four\": Bernie Whitebear, Larry Gossett, and Roberto Maestas. Oversaw the Seattle Chinatown/International District Preservation Authority from 1989 to 1993, and served as Regional Director of the Department of Housing and Urban Development from 1994 to 2001. Returned as Executive Director of InterIm until retirement in 2005.","extent":"01:56:18","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-339","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":577,"namepart":"Bob Santos"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"June 2, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Bob Santos narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-sbob_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-493-38","model":"entity","index":"2 3052/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-493-38/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-493-38/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-493/ddr-densho-493-38-mezzanine-649284fdc3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-493/ddr-densho-493-38-mezzanine-649284fdc3-a.jpg"},"title":"\"People from the Prefecture\" 20th Anniversary book by the Hiroshima Kenjinkai in Seattle","description":"Business and biographical directory of the Hiroshima Kenjinkai, created to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the founding of the organization and celebrate the successes of many of the Washington State Issei. Includes photographs and biographical blurbs of notable figures and Kenjinkai members. Page 415 is marked with a post-it note identifying Koichiro Itabashi (\"younger brother\"), Buichiro \"Johnny\" Itabashi, and Mr. Watanabe in the photograph. Note also reads \"Buichiro was the first dairy farmer in Auburn to own milking machines. He went to Wisconsin to buy his dairy cows.\" Page 419 is marked with a post-it note identifying \"Buichiro 'Johnny' Itabashi with nephew Tomio Itabashi.\"","extent":"11.75W x 8.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-493-38","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Hiroshima Kenjinkai"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Hiroshima Kenjinkai"},{"namepart":"Jackson Photography Studio"},{"namepart":"Hirota, Morinobu"},{"namepart":"Matsunaga, Naokichi"},{"namepart":"Kota, Junkichi"},{"namepart":"Tanaka, Kamekuro"},{"namepart":"Fukuda, Matasuke"},{"namepart":"Yamanaka, Etsuzo"},{"namepart":"Yamanaka, Shigekichi"},{"namepart":"Takai, Kikumatsu"},{"namepart":"Kubota, Kikusuke"},{"namepart":"Kajimura, Kameo"},{"namepart":"Yonemura, Rokusuke"},{"namepart":"Yoshida, Torajiro"},{"namepart":"Matsumura, Suezo"},{"namepart":"Aoki, Akira"},{"namepart":"Watanabe, Shigekazu"},{"namepart":"Watanabe, Kaizo"},{"namepart":"Koda, Tomokichi"},{"namepart":"Kihara, Ryuichi"},{"namepart":"Yoshida, Sho"},{"namepart":"Sakata, Shinkichi"},{"namepart":"Yamada, Suematsu"},{"namepart":"Aochi, Yasakichi"},{"namepart":"Tabuna, Yoshitaro"},{"namepart":"Mizuta, Manjiro"},{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Heitaro"},{"namepart":"Hashimoto, Kaichi"},{"namepart":"Hara, Keigo"},{"namepart":"Nagata, Sadakazu"},{"namepart":"Nagata, Naokazu"},{"namepart":"Yamada, Masakazu"},{"namepart":"Yamada, Kanichi"},{"namepart":"Yamada, Asataro"},{"namepart":"Kato, Usabutou"},{"namepart":"Okubo, Isaburo"},{"namepart":"Kaneshige, Naoichi"},{"namepart":"Okuda, Yutaro"},{"namepart":"Yamamoto, Yobuyoshi"},{"namepart":"Ueda, Genjiro"},{"namepart":"Yamazaki, Koichi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"book","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"Circa 1920","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hiroshima Kenjinkai publisher Hiroshima Kenjinkai \nJackson Photography Studio \nHirota, Morinobu \nMatsunaga, Naokichi \nKota, Junkichi \nTanaka, Kamekuro \nFukuda, Matasuke \nYamanaka, Etsuzo \nYamanaka, Shigekichi \nTakai, Kikumatsu \nKubota, Kikusuke \nKajimura, Kameo \nYonemura, Rokusuke \nYoshida, Torajiro \nMatsumura, Suezo \nAoki, Akira \nWatanabe, Shigekazu \nWatanabe, Kaizo \nKoda, Tomokichi \nKihara, Ryuichi \nYoshida, Sho \nSakata, Shinkichi \nYamada, Suematsu \nAochi, Yasakichi \nTabuna, Yoshitaro \nMizuta, Manjiro \nMatsumoto, Heitaro \nHashimoto, Kaichi \nHara, Keigo \nNagata, Sadakazu \nNagata, Naokazu \nYamada, Masakazu \nYamada, Kanichi \nYamada, Asataro \nKato, Usabutou \nOkubo, Isaburo \nKaneshige, Naoichi \nOkuda, Yutaro \nYamamoto, Yobuyoshi \nUeda, Genjiro \nYamazaki, Koichi","download_large":"ddr-densho-493-38-mezzanine-649284fdc3-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-119-68","model":"entity","index":"3 3053/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-119-68/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-119-68/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-68-mezzanine-c3a4520ab6-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-68-mezzanine-c3a4520ab6-a.jpg"},"title":"Minidoka Irrigator Vol. III No. 43 (December 18, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Draft Age Evacuees Must Sign Up. Draft Delinquents Subject to Prosecution\" (p. 1), \"Gala Christmas Festivities in Store for Hunt Residents\" (p. 1), \"Fire Department Asks Residents' Cooperation\" (p. 1), \"Flu Prevention for Center Stressed\" (p. 1), \"Project Agriculture Department Proves Desert Sageland Can be Made Productive\" (p. 1), \"Six Volunteer for Camp Savage\" (p. 1), \"U.S. Repatriates Treated Well in Japan -- Biddle\" (p. 1), \"Spain Consul Visits Center\" (p. 1), \"Alien Evacuees Must Abide by Justice Rules\" (p. 1), \"Washington Orders Milk Reduction\" (p. 1), \"Japan Refuses Further Exchange Until Investigation\" (p. 1), \"Letters from Nisei in Pacific Reflect Meritorious Deeds\" (p. 2).","extent":"1996W x 2680H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-119-68","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Minidoka Irrigator","id":"173"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"December 18, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-119-68-mezzanine-c3a4520ab6-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-356-328","model":"entity","index":"4 3054/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-328/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-356-328/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-328-mezzanine-98c34cab6b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-328-mezzanine-98c34cab6b-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter to Yuri Domoto from Sadame Nomi","description":"Letter to Yuriko Domoto Tsukada from Sadame Nomi in which she describes her bosses, provides both sides to an argument about telling Yoshito Shibata that Yuri is dating Richard \"Dick\" Tsukada, tells about living arrangements for herself and other Japanese American girls in Denver, Sadame's recent breakup, tells a long story about meeting another Japanese American girl and going on a double date that went poorly, and closes with details of a staff meeting lead by Thomas Halland, Chief of Employment Dic. of the Washington WRA about the goals and hurdles of Resettlement.  Item tied together with all objects between ddr-densho-356-321 and ddr-densho-356-413.","extent":"envelope: 7.5W x 4H; letter: 7.25W x 10.25H","links_children":"ddr-densho-356-328","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Nomi, Sadame"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Support from the non-Japanese American community","id":"80"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Colorado -- Denver","id":"276"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsukada, Yuriko (Domoto)"},{"namepart":"Nomi, Sadame"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Denver, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"May 18, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Nomi, Sadame author Tsukada, Yuriko (Domoto) \nNomi, Sadame","download_large":"ddr-densho-356-328-mezzanine-98c34cab6b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-37-466","model":"entity","index":"5 3055/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-37-466/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-37-466/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-466-mezzanine-e669ddf279-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-466-mezzanine-e669ddf279-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese American couple","description":"Original WRA caption: Heart Mountain Relocation Center, Heart Mountain, Wyoming. Alice and Bill Hosokawa, young Americans of Japanese ancestry now residing at Heart Mountain. Bill, whose father came to the United States many years ago is a recognized Nisei leader, a graduate of the University of Washington, West coast newspaper man, foreign correspondent for the Shanghai Times and Far East Review and Editor of the Singapore Herald. Bill and Alice have lived in Japan and China, and Bill has traveled extensively in Mongolia and Melashia. His column in the Pacific Citizen and his editorials in the Sentinel reflect his wide experience in the indomitable faith in Americanism.","extent":"10W x 10H","links_children":"ddr-densho-37-466","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Parker, Tom"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Alice"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"photograph","location":"Cody, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"January 8, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Parker, Tom photographer Hosokawa, Bill \nHosokawa, Alice","download_large":"ddr-densho-37-466-mezzanine-e669ddf279-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-37-748","model":"entity","index":"6 3056/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-37-748/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-37-748/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-748-mezzanine-438bf8b591-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-748-mezzanine-438bf8b591-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese American pointing at Honor Roll sign","description":"Original WRA caption: Fumi Onodera, 20, proudly points at the names of her 3 brothers, Kid, 26; Kaun, 24; and Satoru, 22, on the Honor Roll of Japanese-Americans serving in the U. S. Army from the Minidoka Relocation Center, Hunt, Idaho. The 3 brothers are training in a combat team at Camp Shelby, Mississippi with other Americans of Japanese parentage. Some have already seen action in Italy. The Onodera brothers are the sons of Mr. and Mrs. Toyosuike Onodera of Hunt. He was formerly a tailor in Seattle Washington. The hunt Honor Roll numbers 416 now the list is still growing. More than half volunteered since Pearl Harbor.","extent":"unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-37-748","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- 442nd Regimental Combat Team","id":"89"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- 100th Infantry Battalion","id":"421"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Onodera, Fumi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"photograph","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"October 14, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Onodera, Fumi","download_large":"ddr-densho-37-748-mezzanine-438bf8b591-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-2","model":"collection","index":"7 3057/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-2/ddr-densho-2-1-mezzanine-f5d294b968-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-2/ddr-densho-2-1-mezzanine-f5d294b968-a.jpg"},"title":"Bain Collection","description":"The Bain collection, 1920s-1940s, focuses on the daily and recreational activities of the Nishimura and Yorita families, originally from Seattle, Washington. This collection contains several photographs of farming, fishing, and swimming. The majority of the collection focuses on the incarceration of the two families at Minidoka, Idaho, and Tule Lake, California. Many photographs document their jewelry-making activities at Tule Lake. Densho interviewed collection donor Peggie Bain in 2004.","extent":"68 photographic prints, black and white","links_children":"ddr-densho-2","language":[""],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"pcc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-2-1-mezzanine-f5d294b968-a.jpg"},{"id":"182","model":"narrator","index":"8 3058/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/182/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/182/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/scharles.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/scharles.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/182/interviews/"},"display_name":"Charles Z. Smith","bio":"Born February 23, 1927, in Lakeland, Florida. Left home at age fourteen to live under the educational supervision of Dr. William H. Gray, Jr., attended Florida A & M, and graduated with a degree in business administration from Temple University. Graduated from University of Washington Law School in 1955, then served as law clerk for Supreme Court Justice Matthew W. Hill. Worked as both deputy prosecuting attorney for King County and in private law practice, before moving to Washington, D.C., to take position as Special Assistant to the Attorney General of the United States in the legal field. Justice Smith was appointed to the Washington State Supreme Court in 1988, where he served until his retirement in 2002. Justice Smith received the University of Washington Law School's Distinguished Alumnus Award in 1990, and was appointed by President Clinton to the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom in 1999. He has also won the Asian Bar Association's Judge of the Year award as well as the Lifetime Service Award from the Washington State Bar Association. During his long and illustrious career, Justice Smith has served on the boards of several Asian American community organizations, and worked on behalf of immigrants' rights."},{"id":"894","model":"narrator","index":"9 3059/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/894/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/894/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-445_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-445_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/894/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Sato","bio":"Nisei male. Born March 16, 1929, in Puyallup, Washington. Grew up in the Sumner, Washington, area, where parents had a produce business. During World War II, removed with family to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, attended the University of Washington and the University of Southern California. Established a career in government. From 1953 to 1965, he worked for the U.S. Air Force Auditor General's Office. From 1965 to 1974, he was with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Comptroller). From 1974 to 1979, he was Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Audit. Became Inspector General at the Department of Transportation and was appointed Inspector General of the Environmental Protection Agency by President Ronald Reagan. After his government career, Frank served as president of the Japanese American Citizens League and worked as an activist during the redress movement."},{"id":"63","model":"narrator","index":"10 3060/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/63/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/63/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mrichard.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mrichard.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/63/interviews/"},"display_name":"Richard Murakami","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 18, 1914, in Nemah, Washington. His family owned and operated Eagle Oyster Packing Company in Nahcotta, Washington. Incarcerated at the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Returned to Nemah following the war, where his family had to fight to get the company back. Eventually, sold the business to Coast Oyster Company and stayed on as a manager."},{"id":"189","model":"narrator","index":"11 3061/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/189/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/189/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nyosh.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nyosh.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/189/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yosh Nakagawa","bio":"Nisei male. Born December 27, 1932, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Seattle, and was in the third grade during mass removal to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington. Moved with family to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, before returning to Seattle to attend middle and high school. Found a lifelong job at Osborn & Ulland, a retail sporting goods store, eventually becoming manager."},{"id":"219","model":"narrator","index":"12 3062/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/219/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/219/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mmara.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mmara.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/219/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mara Mihara","bio":"Nisei female. Born September 20, 1925, in Spokane, Washington. Father worked as a redcap for the Great Northern Railroad, and parents also ran a hotel. Grew up and attended school in Spokane. Graduated from business college during World War II and did bookkeeping and secretarial work for various companies postwar. Married and had a son. Currently resides in the Spokane Valley, Washington."},{"id":"248","model":"narrator","index":"13 3063/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/248/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/248/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tvictor.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tvictor.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/248/interviews/"},"display_name":"Victor Takemoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 27, 1926, in Bainbridge Island, Washington. Parents were strawberry farmers before World War II. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed with family to Manzanar concentration camp, California. Unlike most Bainbridge Island Japanese Americans, did not transfer to the Minidoka, Idaho, concentration camp. Returned to Bainbridge Island after the war, and attended the University of Washington."},{"id":"264","model":"narrator","index":"14 3064/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/264/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/264/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hkajiko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hkajiko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/264/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kajiko Hashisaki","bio":"Nisei female. Born March 27, 1924, and raised in Seattle, Washington. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left Minidoka in 1943 to attend school in St. Paul, Minnesota. Married in 1945, and lived in Japan for sixteen months before returning to the United States and raising a family."},{"id":"285","model":"narrator","index":"15 3065/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/285/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/285/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/stadashi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/stadashi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/285/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tadashi Sakuma","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 20, 1913, in Hiroshima, Japan, and immigrated to the United States at the age of eleven. Lived on Bainbridge Island, Washington. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, later transferring to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, lived in Moses Lake, Washington, for a time before eventually returning to Bainbridge Island."},{"id":"573","model":"narrator","index":"16 3066/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/573/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/573/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kted.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kted.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/573/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ted Kitayama","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 27, 1929, on Bainbridge Island, Washington. Grew up on Bainbridge where parents ran a nursery business. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Transferred to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, along with many other Japanese Americans from Bainbridge Island. After leaving camp, moved to Seattle, Washington, eventually establish a very successful nursery business."},{"id":"579","model":"narrator","index":"17 3067/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/579/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/579/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hmargaret.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hmargaret.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/579/interviews/"},"display_name":"Margaret Junko Morita Hiratsuka","bio":"Nisei female. Born July 22, 1928, in Seattle, Washington. Father ran a prominent hotel which was frequently patronized by visiting Japanese dignitaries. Father was picked up by the FBI on December 7, 1941. During the war, removed with family to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, moved to Denver, Colorado, eventually settling in Chicago, Illinois."},{"id":"1003","model":"narrator","index":"18 3068/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1003/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1003/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-509_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-509_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1003/interviews/"},"display_name":"Dotti Yasuko Tagawa Reisbord","bio":"Nisei-Sansei female. Born May 9, 1941, in Seattle Washington. An infant when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, family was sent to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, family returned to Seattle, where Dotti attended school. After high school, moved to Southern California, raised a family, and became a teacher before eventually returning to Seattle."},{"id":"75","model":"narrator","index":"19 3069/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/75/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/75/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nfumiko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nfumiko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/75/interviews/"},"display_name":"Fumiko M. Noji","bio":"Nisei female. Born October 13, 1909, in Bellingham, Washington. Lost her United States citizenship when she married an Issei through an arranged marriage. Before 1920, her husband's family established Columbia Greenhouse, one of the first Japanese American-owned greenhouse businesses. Incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Husband was held by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle before being interned in the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Briefly resettled with husband in Emmett, Idaho and Spokane, Washington before becoming one of the first families to return to Seattle where they resumed operation of the family greenhouse business."},{"id":"132","model":"narrator","index":"20 3070/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/132/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/132/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kkara.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kkara.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/132/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kara Kondo","bio":"Nisei female. Born May 24, 1916, in the Yakima valley, Washington, and spent childhood in Wapato, Washington. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the North Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and then to the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Was on the staff of the camp newspaper, the Heart Mountain Sentinel. Left camp for Chicago, Illinois, and lived in Pennsylvania, Kentucky and Missouri before returning to Yakima, Washington. Became involved in political organization postwar, such as the League of Women Voters. Testified before the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians during the redress movement, and became actively involved in groups addressing environmental issues."},{"id":"136","model":"narrator","index":"21 3071/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/136/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/136/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iruby.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iruby.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/136/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ruby Inouye","bio":"Nisei female. Born November 17, 1920, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Seattle, and graduated salutatorian from Broadway High School. Was enrolled in the pre-medical program at the University of Washington on December 7, 1941. During the war, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp to attend the University of Texas, and later Woman's Medical College in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Returned to Seattle to open a private family medicine practice, and succeeded with the help of the Issei community. Involved in helping to establish a nursing home for Japanese Americans in Seattle, and retired from private practice at age seventy-five."},{"id":"291","model":"narrator","index":"22 3072/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/291/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/291/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/aart.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/aart.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/291/interviews/"},"display_name":"Art Abe","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 12, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in an area of Seattle with few other Japanese Americans, and was attending the University of Washington when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left Minidoka several times on temporary work leave to work on farms in the area. Suffered tragic loss in camp when father got lost outside collecting wood and perished in the elements. Volunteered for the army and served in the signal corps, eventually working for the Civil Aeronautics Administration and Boeing. Also one of the early members of the Seattle Nisei Veterans Committee."},{"id":"35","model":"narrator","index":"23 3073/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/35/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/35/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/klouise.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/klouise.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/35/interviews/"},"display_name":"Louise Kashino","bio":"Nisei female. Born April 25, 1926, in Seattle, Washington. Incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Resettled during the war in Chicago, Illinois, and returned to Seattle after the war. Member of the Seattle Nisei Veterans Committee Women's Auxiliary. In her interview, talks about her efforts to successfully get her husband's wartime court-martial conviction vacated after his death."},{"id":"78","model":"narrator","index":"24 3074/{'value': 3434, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/78/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/78/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/okunio.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/okunio.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/78/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kunio Otani","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 31, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. Raised in Raymond, Washington. Incarcerated at Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming; he worked on the staff of both camp newspapers, the Tulean Dispatch and the Heart Mountain Sentinel, respectively. Resettled in Seattle after the war and entered the greenhouse business. He owned and operated the Greenwood Greenhouse with his brother."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Washington","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}