(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:46:06","links_children":"ddr-one-7-66","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":782,"namepart":"Yoshimitsu Suyematsu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zt32","namepart":"Suyematsu, Yoshimitsu"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Ontario, Oregon","creation":"April 22, 2014","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yoshimitsu Suyematsu narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Suyematsu, Yoshimitsu 88922nr015zt32","download_large":"denshovh-syoshimitsu-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-537","model":"entity","index":"1 3001/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-537/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-537/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-537-1-mezzanine-05c0123557-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-537-1-mezzanine-05c0123557-a.jpg"},"title":"Lon Inaba Interview","description":"Sansei male. Born September 15, 1955, in Yakima, Washington. Grew up in the Yakima area, where several generations of family members had run a farm since before World War II. Prior to the war, since Japanese immigrants were barred from purchasing land, Lon's grandfather and great-grandfather had leased land from the Yakama Indian tribe. After they were sent to the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, during the war, they returned and continued farming, again with the support of the Yakama Nation. Lon earned a degree in agricultural engineering, and after working for a time on the Hanford nuclear reservation, returned to take over the farm with family members. In 2021, the family made the decision to sell Inaba Produce Farms to the Yakama Nation.","extent":"2:17:27","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-537","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":1052,"namepart":"Lon Inaba"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Yuka Murakami"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Wapato, Washington","creation":"May 27, 2023","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Lon Inaba narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nYuka Murakami videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-537-1-mezzanine-05c0123557-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-374","model":"entity","index":"2 3002/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-374/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-374/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-myasu-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-myasu-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Yasu Koyamatsu Momii Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born October 23, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. Moved to Los Angeles, California, with family around age six. Had graduated from high school and was attending a trade school in dressmaking when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, worked for a few years in Cleveland, Ohio, before eventually returning to Los Angeles.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:28:20","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-374","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":617,"namepart":"Yasu Koyamatsu Momii"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Sharon Yamato"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0054m52","namepart":"Koyamatsu, Yasu"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"October 25, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yasu Koyamatsu Momii narrator \nSharon Yamato interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Koyamatsu, Yasu 88922nr0054m52","download_large":"denshovh-myasu-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-119-157","model":"entity","index":"3 3003/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-119-157/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-119-157/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-157-mezzanine-eaea24dd5c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-157-mezzanine-eaea24dd5c-a.jpg"},"title":"Minidoka Irrigator Vol. I No. 24 (December 5, 1942)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Abe Found Dead\" (p. 1), \"Flat Tires Play Role in Discovery. Eye-Witness Account Related\" (p. 1), \"Leave Clearances from Washington Being Speeded Up\" (p. 1), \"300 Nisei Strong Pledge Support of Yasui Case\" (p. 2), \"Sept. Pay is Cleared Up. Unpaid Workers Get Checks\" (p. 2), \"New Policy Facilitates Relocation\" (p. 2), \"Harmonica Fans Will Form Bands\" (p. 3), \"Schmoe Will Visit Project\" (p. 3), \"Boilermen's Labor Row is Settled Amicably\" (p. 4), \"Knife-Wielder Gets 30-Day Sentence\" (p. 5), \"Children Urged to Attend Nursery Schools\" (p. 5), \"Nisei Cooperation at Poston Lauded. Helped in Quelling Riot of Pro-Axis\" (p. 6), \"Barbed Wire Fence Held 'Completed'\" (p. 6), \"Special Classes Will Aid Yule Gift Problems\" (p. 8).","extent":"1176W x 1992H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-119-157","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Minidoka Irrigator","id":"173"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"December 5, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-119-157-mezzanine-eaea24dd5c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-1-333","model":"entity","index":"4 3004/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-1-333/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-1-333/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-333-mezzanine-f6bad59c54-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-333-mezzanine-f6bad59c54-a.jpg"},"title":"Buddhist Convention","description":"Black and white photographic negative of large crowd of Buddhists gathered outside Collin's Field House in Seattle, Washington for a Buddhist convention. Reverends seated in front row from left to right: Reverend Seiji Kobara from Seattle, Reverend Shoko Masunaga, Reverend Akira Jotetsu Ono, Reverend Tatsuya Ichikawa, Reverend Bishop Kenryu Tsuji, Reverend Eiyu Terao from Spokane, Reverend Zenkai Okayama from Portland, unidentified, and Reverend Sunya Pratt from Tacoma. Crowd: far left first row: Mr. Kimura, far left third row: Nobi Yamasaki, and Ted Taniguchi, far left fifth row second in: Terumitsu Kanno, front row right side from right to left: unidentified, Mrs. Kazuya Toyoji, Yasashi Ichikawa, Yasuko Ota, and Yasashi Ichikawa; second row right side second from the right: Yasuko Ota, Joyce (Toshi) Nakamura, and Jack Matsui.","extent":"2.5W x 2.5H","links_children":"ddr-one-1-333","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Hirahara, Frank"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon -- Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Community activities -- Conventions and conferences","id":"299"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Buddhism","id":"395"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Returning home","id":"106"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"02/29/1952-03/02/1952","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hirahara, Frank photographer","download_large":"ddr-one-1-333-mezzanine-f6bad59c54-a.jpg"},{"id":"257","model":"narrator","index":"5 3005/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/257/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/257/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yyaeko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yyaeko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/257/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yaeko Yoshihara","bio":"Nisei female. Born August 23, 1929, in Bainbridge Island, Washington. During World War II, removed with family to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After the war, returned to Bainbridge with family."},{"id":"680","model":"narrator","index":"6 3006/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/680/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/680/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/echester.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/echester.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/680/interviews/"},"display_name":"Chester Earls","bio":"White male. Born in Spokane, Washington. Served as pastor of the First Methodist Church in Portland, Oregon, with a mainly Japanese American congregation, for thirteen years in the 1960s and '70s."},{"id":"67","model":"narrator","index":"7 3007/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/67/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/67/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nyaeko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nyaeko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/67/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yaeko Nakano","bio":"Sansei female. Born August 2, 1922, in Suooshima, Yamaguchi, Japan, and lived there until she was about 1 1/2 years old. Grew up in Tacoma, Washington. During World War II, incarcerated at the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. At Tule Lake she and her husband married, and her oldest son, Kenichi, was later born there in 1944. Hiroshi was born in 1954 and Stanley was born in 1957. The Nakano family almost repatriated back to Japan before permanently resettling in Fife, Washington."},{"id":"73","model":"narrator","index":"8 3008/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/73/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/73/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nhiroko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nhiroko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/73/interviews/"},"display_name":"Hiroko Nakashima","bio":"Kibei female. Born 1927 in Spokane, Washington. Went to Japan at the age of twelve with her mother and sister to visit relatives and gain a \"Japanese education.\" Was in Japan when World War II broke out, remaining there for the duration of the war. Returned to the United States soon after the war ended, married a Japanese American U.S. Navy serviceman (who soon after the wedding was sent overseas to serve in Japan) and eventually settled in Seattle, Washington. This interview focuses on her experiences as an American living in Japan during the war."},{"id":"387","model":"narrator","index":"9 3009/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/387/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/387/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/otoshikazu.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/otoshikazu.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/387/interviews/"},"display_name":"Toshikazu \"Tosh\" Okamoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 8, 1926, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Renton, Washington, where father operated a farm. During World War II, was removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Briefly transferred to the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Drafted into the army and served in Italy as a replacement troop for the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Following the war, became a mechanic in the motorpool for the Seattle Fire Department. Instrumental in establishing community service organizations such as Issei Concerns and Keiro nursing home in Seattle."},{"id":"422","model":"narrator","index":"10 3010/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/422/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/422/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tkaz.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tkaz.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/422/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kaz T. Tanemura","bio":"Male, Issei-han. Born April 27, 1928, in Japan. As an infant, came to the U.S. where parents had previously immigrated. Family ran a hotel in Seattle's Pioneer Square neighborhood. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, returned to Seattle, finished high school, and attended the University of Washington. Drafted into the military, and assigned to serve overseas as a high-ranked engineer. After military discharge, returned to Seattle and worked in management at The Boeing Company."},{"id":"372","model":"narrator","index":"11 3011/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/372/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/372/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/isatoru.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/isatoru.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/372/interviews/"},"display_name":"Satoru Ichikawa","bio":"Nisei male. Born November 2, 1929, in Fresno, California. Moved with family at a young age to Seattle, Washington, where father was the minister of the Seattle Buddhist Temple. Father was arrested by the FBI following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and removed to various Department of Justice internment camps. The rest of the family was removed to Puyallup Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Washington, eventually reuniting with father in Crystal City internment camp, Texas. Returned to Seattle following the war where family reestablished the Buddhist temple."},{"id":"664","model":"narrator","index":"12 3012/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/664/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/664/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/swarren.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/swarren.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/664/interviews/"},"display_name":"Warren Koichi Suzuki","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 27, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. At age ten, was sent to Japan to live and attend school. Returned to Seattle prior to World War II. During the war, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Answered \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, returned to Seattle and lived with then wife and child in a hostel located in Seattle's Japanese language school. Established a postwar career with the City of Seattle."},{"id":"554","model":"narrator","index":"13 3013/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/554/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/554/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/lhannah.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/lhannah.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/554/interviews/"},"display_name":"Hannah Lai","bio":"Nisei female. Born April 11, 1923, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Seattle, where parents ran a hotel. Went to live in Japan for several years prior to World War II. During the war, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. While in Minidoka, recruited to teach elementary school, and later left camp to attend a teaching college in Wisconsin. After World War II, received a Fulbright scholarship to study special education methods in Japan. Returned to the United States and settled in Oakland, California."},{"id":"1071","model":"narrator","index":"14 3014/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1071/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1071/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-20_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-20_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1071/interviews/"},"display_name":"Teresa Maebori","bio":"Sansei female. Born February 13, 1945, in Caldwell, Idaho. During World War II, parents were incarcerated at the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, moved to Auburn, Washington, where father's family had a pottery business and mother was a dressmaker. Teresa grew up in Auburn and graduated from the University of Washington. Served in the Peace Corps before moving to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and working as a teacher at the Germantown Friends School. Involved with numerous community groups such as the Japanese American Citizens League and Shofuso Japanese and Garden."},{"id":"ddr-densho-324","model":"collection","index":"15 3015/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-324/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-324/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-324/ddr-densho-324-41-mezzanine-f0db957765-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-324/ddr-densho-324-41-mezzanine-f0db957765-a.jpg"},"title":"Kinuta Uno Collection","description":"The Kinuta Uno Collection consists of letters and documents regarding the Uno Family's life in Seattle, Washington pre-World War II through their removal and life in Pinedale Assembly Center, Tule Lake and Minidoka concentration camp. Pre-war topics include: family business dealings and Kinuta Uno's work with the Northwest American Japanese Association, Seattle Zairyudobo, and the Consulate of Japan. Also covered is Kinuta Uno's arrest and trail at Fort Missoula, the Uno Family's preparation and removal to Pinedale Assembly Center, and life at Tule Lake and Minidoka concentration camps.","extent":"101 miscellaneous documents, correspondence and forms.","links_children":"ddr-densho-324","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-324-41-mezzanine-f0db957765-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-68","model":"collection","index":"16 3016/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-68/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-68/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-68/ddr-densho-68-1-master-d19bcb8117-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-68/ddr-densho-68-1-master-d19bcb8117-a.jpg"},"title":"Bainbridge Island Review Collection","description":"This collection consists of selected articles from the Bainbridge Island Review, a community paper from Bainbridge Island, Washington. During World War II, the Bainbridge Island Review was the sole newspaper on the West Coast to continuously speak out against the mass removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, primarily through the editorials of Walt Woodward, editor from 1935-1963. Woodward also published a weekly article about life in camp written by various Bainbridge Islanders incarcerated at Manzanar and Minidoka concentration camps, allowing the Japanese Americans to continue to have a voice in the Bainbridge Island community.","extent":"114 documents","links_children":"ddr-densho-68","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Bainbridge Island Review"}],"language":["eng"],"contributor":"Bainbridge Island Review","public":"1","rights":"pcc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Bainbridge Island Review publisher","download_large":"ddr-densho-68-1-master-d19bcb8117-a.jpg"},{"id":"252","model":"narrator","index":"17 3017/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/252/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/252/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/otaketo.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/otaketo.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/252/interviews/"},"display_name":"Taketo Omoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 20, 1917, in Bainbridge Island, Washington. Drafted into the army in 1941 prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor. After World War II, started a wholesale greenhouse business."},{"id":"318","model":"narrator","index":"18 3018/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/318/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/318/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/oyukiko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/oyukiko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/318/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yukiko Katayama Omoto","bio":"Nisei female. Grew up on Bainbridge Island, Washington. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, eventually transferring to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, returned to Bainbridge Island."},{"id":"282","model":"narrator","index":"19 3019/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/282/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/282/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tbill_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tbill_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/282/interviews/"},"display_name":"Bill Takemoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 9, 1928, on Bainbridge Island, Washington. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After the war, joined the Air Force and eventually returned to Bainbridge Island."},{"id":"251","model":"narrator","index":"20 3020/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/251/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/251/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/onobuko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/onobuko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/251/interviews/"},"display_name":"Nobuko Omoto","bio":"Nisei female. Born December 20, 1923, in Bainbridge Island, Washington. Removed along with family to Manzanar concentration camp, California, before moving to Minidoka, Idaho, in early 1943. Returned to Bainbridge Island after the war."},{"id":"19","model":"narrator","index":"21 3021/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/19/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/19/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hgordon.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hgordon.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/19/interviews/"},"display_name":"Gordon Hirabayashi","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1943 the Supreme Court upheld his convictions. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\""},{"id":"256","model":"narrator","index":"22 3022/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/256/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/256/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sakio.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sakio.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/256/interviews/"},"display_name":"Akio Suyematsu","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 30, 1921, in Bainbridge Island, Washington. Removed to Manzanar concentration camp, California, and was drafted into the U.S. army. Returned to Bainbridge Island after the war and established a successful farm."},{"id":"46","model":"narrator","index":"23 3023/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/46/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/46/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kspady.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kspady.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/46/interviews/"},"display_name":"Spady Koyama","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 4, 1917, in Ferry County, Washington. Sent to Japan at age five following father's death, returning to Spokane, Washington, in 1927. Enlisted in the U.S. Army in January 1942. Served with the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) in the Pacific Ocean theater during World War II where he was seriously injured during a kamikaze dive bomb attack. Was recalled to active duty and subsequently served both in the Korean War and Vietnam War in military intelligence, directing the U.S. Army's counterintelligence in Vietnam. Retired from service in 1970 with the rank of colonel."},{"id":"58","model":"narrator","index":"24 3024/{'value': 3279, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/58/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/58/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mfrank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mfrank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/58/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Miyamoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 29, 1912, in Seattle, Washington. Wrote 'Social Solidarity Among the Japanese in Seattle' as a Master's thesis, published in 1939 as one of the first academic works on the Japanese immigrant community. Incarcerated in Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Member of the Evacuation and Resettlement Study which studied the incarceration and resettlement of Japanese Americans during World War II. Resettled in Seattle. Was a longtime member of the faculty in Sociology at the University of Washington, served as Chairman of his department, and was Acting Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Washington","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}