(This interview took place at the 2000 Tule Lake Pilgrimage in Klamath Falls, Oregon.)","extent":"00:34:27","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-121","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":119,"namepart":"Charles Olds"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Hamada"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Klamath Falls, Oregon","creation":"July 3, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Charles Olds narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nSteve Hamada videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ocharles-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-26-6","model":"entity","index":"3 353/{'value': 362, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-26-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-26/ddr-csujad-26-6-mezzanine-a4b32971e5-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-26/ddr-csujad-26-6-mezzanine-a4b32971e5-a.jpg"},"title":"Co-op movement in Tule Lake","description":"Chronological report of the organization and initial leadership of the co-op movement at Tule Lake as decided by the War Relocation Authority (WRA). Includes details of the process, advisory council meetings, incarceree participation, and establishment proceedings. Report compiled as a portion of the Japanese American Evacuation and Resettlement Study (JERS). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_02_05-06","extent":"30 pages; typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-26-6","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Sakoda, James Minoru"}],"topics":[{"term":"Industry and employment -- Retail","id":"368"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Small business","id":"8"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Department of Special Research Collections, UC Santa Barbara Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"manuscript","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"11/15/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Sakoda, James Minoru author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-26-6-mezzanine-a4b32971e5-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-131","model":"entity","index":"4 354/{'value': 362, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-131/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-131/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-131-mezzanine-16e8ca2215-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-131-mezzanine-16e8ca2215-a.jpg"},"title":"Dealing with Japanese-Americans by John F. Embree, Documents Section, Office of Reports","description":"Short report from WRA Documents Section leader John F. Embree on recommended attitudes, suggestions, and practices while interacting with incarcerated Japanese Americans. According to Embree, race is hereditary while culture is acquired, and Caucasians should refrain from making stereotypical images of \"Japanese types.\" Embree describes the differences in culture and attitudes including questions of loyalty between Issei, Nisei, and Kibei individuals. He recommends using a \"go-between\" to facilitate conversation among the older Issei men in the community when it comes to policies and procedures according to Japanese cultural norms at the time as well as utilizing the Project Director to frequently communicate with the community leaders. Special attention is directed to \"evacuee attitudes\" where the author recommends fostering understanding and communication with Nisei in order for them not to succumb to \"anti American attitudes.\" A letter from Dillon S. Myer, Director, to WRA staff is attached. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9940. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0940","extent":"9 pages, 10.5 x 8 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-131","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Myer, Dillon S. (Dillon Seymour), 1891-1982"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Embree, John F. (John Fee), 1908-1950"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Stereotypes","id":"161"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1942-10","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Myer, Dillon S. (Dillon Seymour), 1891-1982 author \nEmbree, John F. (John Fee), 1908-1950 author \nUnited States. War Relocation Authority publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-131-mezzanine-16e8ca2215-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-555","model":"entity","index":"5 355/{'value': 362, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-555/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-555/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-555-mezzanine-73979edc8f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-555-mezzanine-73979edc8f-a.jpg"},"title":"Leave permit for group work, George Naohara","description":"A leave permit for group work extension issued by Henry Harris Jr., Relocation Officer, War Relocation Authority, the U.S. Department of the Interior. It certifies that George Nobuo Naohara is allowed to leave the Manzanar camp in California on May 9, 1942 for Salt Lake City, Utah until April 15, 1943. Special conditions are noted in the permit: he is not allowed to leave Salt Lake County, Utah, without a special permit and required to notify WRA of his address change within Salt Lake County. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_05_13_007","extent":"1 page, 10.5 x 8 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-555","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Harris, Henry Jr."}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Work leave","id":"103"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Salt Lake, Utah","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"15754","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Harris, Henry Jr. author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-555-mezzanine-73979edc8f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-97-121","model":"entity","index":"6 356/{'value': 362, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-97-121/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-97-121/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-97/ddr-densho-97-121-mezzanine-db2ee76670-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-97/ddr-densho-97-121-mezzanine-db2ee76670-a.jpg"},"title":"Heart Mountain Sentinel Vol. II No. 13 (March 27, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Nisei Farm Work Training Program Starts; Residents Move to Organize Labor Body. Seek Better Relations for Workers\" (p. 1), \"Residents Find Many Offers, Leave Center\" (p. 1), \"Dissolution of WCCA Told\" (p. 1), \"Meal Hours Changed to Boost Work Efficiently\" (p. 1), \"Plan Release of Kodaks, Radios\" (p. 1), \"Hiking Permit Procedure for Residents Announced\" (p. 3), \"Editorials: Twelve Months in Retrospect\" (p. 4), \"War Relocation Authority Year Old. Agency Lauded by JACL Weekly\" (p. 5), \"WRA Seeks to Restore Confidence in Evacuees\" (p. 6), \"Mess Hall Contest Set. Ratings to be Made Each Week\" (p. 8), \"Students Seek 'Pen Pals' Here\" (p. 8).","extent":"1392W x 2032H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-97-121","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Heart Mountain Sentinel","id":"175"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"March 27, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-97-121-mezzanine-db2ee76670-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-26-5","model":"entity","index":"7 357/{'value': 362, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-5/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-26-5/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-26/ddr-csujad-26-5-mezzanine-6ef4a76e72-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-26/ddr-csujad-26-5-mezzanine-6ef4a76e72-a.jpg"},"title":"Part IV. Collective adjustments to the relocation center, chapter I: social structure of the community","description":"Description of camp social structures including \"Caucasian-Japanese relations\" highlighting tension and hostility by three groups that most directly involve Japanese Americans and the incarceration: The War Relocation Authority (WRA), the US Army and the American public. Using case - studies, the manuscript examines these relationships and discusses the circumstances of incarceration contributing to differences in social status among incarcerees. Report compiled as a portion of the Japanese American Evacuation and Resettlement Study (JERS). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_02_01-04","extent":"75 pages, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-26-5","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Miyamoto, Shotaro Frank"}],"topics":[{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Stereotypes","id":"161"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon","id":"284"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington","id":"290"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers -- Social relations","id":"532"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath","id":"48"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Community activities -- Sports","id":"24"},{"term":"Industry and employment","id":"5"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Nevada","id":"501"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Women","id":"515"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Department of Special Research Collections, UC Santa Barbara Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"ethnography","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"1942-11-31","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Miyamoto, Shotaro Frank author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-26-5-mezzanine-6ef4a76e72-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-37-771","model":"entity","index":"8 358/{'value': 362, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-37-771/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-37-771/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-771-mezzanine-e56302a33a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-771-mezzanine-e56302a33a-a.jpg"},"title":"Families leaving camp","description":"Original WRA caption: Granada Relocation Center, Amache, Colorado. Shown here is a young miss, dressed in her Sunday best, waiting with the family possessions while her mother makes final arrangements for boarding the train. Scenes at the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railroad depot, Granada, Colorado, as 170 evacuees from the Amache Center entrain for their former homes in California, October 6, 1945. Four special coaches and one Pullman, reserved for the aged, invalids and mothers with small infants, were provided for the returnees. In addition to center departees, passengers on the special included servicemen on furlough and other family members, already located, who returned to help relatives pack, then accompanied them back to California. Two more special trains are scheduled for the Amache Center, the last special coaches on October 15, when the remaining residents (about 85) will start westward for Sacramento and nearby points. This will mark the closing date of the Granada Project, the first of the War Relocation Authority centers to be closed.","extent":"10W x 10H","links_children":"ddr-densho-37-771","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Iwasaki, Hikaru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"photograph","location":"Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"6-Oct-45","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Iwasaki, Hikaru photographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-37-771-mezzanine-e56302a33a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-151-61","model":"entity","index":"9 359/{'value': 362, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-151-61/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-151-61/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-151/ddr-densho-151-61-mezzanine-ea18d12816-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-151/ddr-densho-151-61-mezzanine-ea18d12816-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese Americans registering for mass removal","description":"Original WRA caption: Residents of Japanese ancestry appear for registration prior to evacuation. Evacuees will be housed in War Relocation Authority centers for the duration.\r\nUpdated Library of Congress summary: \"Photograph shows Shizuko Ina standing behind others waiting to be assigned a \"family number\" before being removed from their homes and incarcerated in a detention facility at Tanforan Racetrack. She was later moved with her husband, Itaru Ina (1914-1977) to a concentration camp in Topaz, Utah, and then to Tule Lake Segregation Center, near Newell in Northern California. The family was separated in July 1945 when Itaru was transferred to Fort Lincoln, a Department of Justice camp for \"enemy aliens\" in Bismarck, North Dakota, and reunited in April 1946 at Crystal City, Texas. (Source: Satsuki Ina, daughter of Shizuko Ina, February 2020).\"","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-151-61","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Lange, Dorothea"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\") -- Preparation","id":"189"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0085c3g","namepart":"Ina, Shizuko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"photograph","location":"San Francisco, California","facility":[{"term":"Tanforan","id":"15"},{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"},{"term":"Topaz (Central Utah)","id":"1"},{"term":"Fort Lincoln (Bismarck)","id":"28"}],"creation":"Apr 25, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Lange, Dorothea photographer Ina, Shizuko 88922nr0085c3g","download_large":"ddr-densho-151-61-mezzanine-ea18d12816-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1024-12","model":"entity","index":"10 360/{'value': 362, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1024-12/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1024-12/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-12-mezzanine-129a19ab4e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-12-mezzanine-129a19ab4e-a.jpg"},"title":"Bitter Memories: Tule Lake","description":"Early film that provides an overview of the wartime forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans on the West Coast produced by the University of California, Berkeley in 1975. Bitter Memory tells the story through narration and interviews with former inmates accompanied by archival footage from Office of War Information/War Relocation Authority (WRA) films and WRA still photos. All footage—even contemporary interview footage and footage shot at Tule Lake —is in black and white. Identified inmate narrators include poet and playwright Hiroshi Kashiwagi , Mary Otani, Michi Mukai, and Kumito Ishida. The bulk of the film deals with living conditions in the concentration camps—the lack of privacy, the breaking up of the family unit, employment, food and so forth—along with the loyalty questionnaire and segregation.\r\n\r\nSee this item in the Densho Resource Guide at: Bitter Memories: Tule Lake.\r\n\r\nSee this item in the Digital Library of the Japanese American Incarceration Films at: https://archive.org/details/cabemrc_000010.","extent":"00:28:23","links_children":"ddr-densho-1024-12","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"motion_picture","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"1975","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-1024-12-mezzanine-129a19ab4e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-379","model":"collection","index":"11 361/{'value': 362, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-379/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-379/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-379/ddr-densho-379-734-mezzanine-d569eaec62-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-379/ddr-densho-379-734-mezzanine-d569eaec62-a.jpg"},"title":"Sumida Family Collection","description":"The Sumida Family Collection contains material about Chimata and Masako Murakami Sumida and their six children, Alice Yuriko Endo, Grace Rayko Nagai, Emmy Ito, Marshall Masaru Sumida, Theodore Tetsuro Sumida, Marjorie Yohko Matsumoto, and their families. Before World War II, Chimata Sumida owned a music store located in Los Angeles’ Japanese Town that sold music, instruments, radios, and other small electronics. After 3 FBI interrogations, Chimata and his worker, Yoshio Takashima, were arrested on January 16, 1942, detained at the Los Angeles County Jail, transferred to Tuna Canyon Detention Station, and interned at the Fort Missoula Alien Detention Center.
\r\n\r\nThe collection begins with a series of letters between Chimata Sumida written during his internment in the Fort Missoula Alien Detention Center to and from his wife and children. These censored letters describe the harsh conditions and social atmosphere at Ft. Missoula and chaotic life in Los Angeles preparing for the upcoming Executive 9066 evacuation and its consequences. An important portion of this collection are copies of documents contained in Chimata Sumida’s U.S. Department of Justice file obtained from the U.S. Archives. Contained in this file are Chimata’s testimony during his Alien Enemy Hearing Board, the docketed Department of Justice Alien Enemy Hearing Board Report with its split 2-1 decision recommendation in favor of internment, the Memorandum to the Chief of the Review Division recommending parole, and the final Order signed by Attorney General Biddle granting parole under the conditions and restrictions indicated in the document.
\r\n\r\nAfter Chimata Sumida’s transfer to Rohwer Relocation Center, he soon became a prominent Issei leader of the camp. He met 6 days a week with more than 600 Issei nightly who listened to his translation of American News into Japanese. He served as a committeeman on the Resettlement Advisory Board and was chairman of the Resettlement Committee organized by the Community Council. In addition, he collaborated with two other Issei, T. Takashima and S. Muraoka, to submit a proposal to various U.S. government agencies to establish cooperative colonies in rural areas of the United States suitable for farming to relocate 13,000 settlers from various WRA relocation camps. This plan was ultimately rejected by Dillon Myer, Director of the War Relocation Authority.
\r\n\r\nAfter leaving Rohwer Relocation Camp in 1945, Chimata and Masako Sumida resettled in Washington, D.C. with their children and grandchildren. Most of the Sumida family eventually moved back to the west coast. However, the Endos remained in the Washington, D.C. area and remained active in the community. They participated in many civil rights events including the 1963 March on Washington.","links_children":"ddr-densho-379","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-379-734-mezzanine-d569eaec62-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"War Relocation Authority (WRA)","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}