(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:16:57","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-343","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":580,"namepart":"Betty Tanakatsubo"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr003dx10","namepart":"Kaihara, Tsuyako Betty"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Skokie, Illinois","creation":"June 15, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Betty Tanakatsubo narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Kaihara, Tsuyako Betty 88922nr003dx10","download_large":"denshovh-tbetty-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"85","model":"narrator","index":"14 1489/{'value': 1547, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/85/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/85/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/stad.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/stad.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/85/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tad Sato","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 9, 1922, in Portland, Oregon. Moved to Seattle with father after parents divorced. Grew up in Seattle's Nihonmachi where father ran a secondhand store. Disinterested in college after seeing a lack of employment opportunities for graduating Japanese Americans. Went to work for Great Northern Railway, laying and maintaining tracks on the West Coast. At war's onset, Great Northern brought its Japanese workers together in a segregated gang outside the restricted zone, so he continued to work for the railroad, thus avoiding incarceration in a War Relocation Authority camp. While away, father was picked up by the FBI, and then sent to Kooskia internment camp, Idaho, where he was held throughout the war. Drafted into military service in 1945. Returned to Great Northern and was promoted through the ranks in the accounting department despite running into workplace discrimination."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-26-6","model":"entity","index":"15 1490/{'value': 1547, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-26-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-26/ddr-csujad-26-6-mezzanine-a4b32971e5-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-26/ddr-csujad-26-6-mezzanine-a4b32971e5-a.jpg"},"title":"Co-op movement in Tule Lake","description":"Chronological report of the organization and initial leadership of the co-op movement at Tule Lake as decided by the War Relocation Authority (WRA). Includes details of the process, advisory council meetings, incarceree participation, and establishment proceedings. Report compiled as a portion of the Japanese American Evacuation and Resettlement Study (JERS). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_02_05-06","extent":"30 pages; typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-26-6","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Sakoda, James Minoru"}],"topics":[{"term":"Industry and employment -- Retail","id":"368"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Small business","id":"8"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Department of Special Research Collections, UC Santa Barbara Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"manuscript","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"11/15/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Sakoda, James Minoru author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-26-6-mezzanine-a4b32971e5-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-130","model":"entity","index":"16 1491/{'value': 1547, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-130/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-130/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-130-mezzanine-505d97392c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-130-mezzanine-505d97392c-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter to Mamie, November 2, 1943","description":"Correspondence to Mamie describing events that occurred at Tule Lake incarceration camp on November 1, 1943. Correspondent describes the labor strike, a visit from Dillon S. Myer, director of the War Relocation Authority, a crowd of Japanese gathering at the camp administration building, the army's response, and the beating of Dr. Pedicord. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0132","extent":"2 pages; 10.5 x 8 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-130","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Conflicts, intimidation, and violence -- Tule Lake strike","id":"533"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence","id":"94"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Conflicts, intimidation, and violence","id":"162"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"11/2/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-130-mezzanine-505d97392c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-823","model":"entity","index":"17 1492/{'value': 1547, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-823/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-823/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/ddr-densho-122-823-mezzanine-c2b9d63948-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/ddr-densho-122-823-mezzanine-c2b9d63948-a.jpg"},"title":"\"Proclamation and Notice of Dissatisfaction and Demand\"","description":"By Kiyoshi Okamoto, addressed to The citizens and voters of the U.S.A.; the Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt; The Hon. Henry L. Stimson; Lieutenant General Delos C. Emmon; The War Relocation Authority; the Department of Justice, the Congress of the United States and any and all the agents or agencies and individuals and groups of individuals that contribute their voices, intents, purposes and actions toward the evacuation and concentration of eighty thousand citizens of this nation without due process of law.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-823","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence","id":"94"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Okamoto, Kiyoshi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"12/31/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okamoto, Kiyoshi","download_large":"ddr-densho-122-823-mezzanine-c2b9d63948-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-155","model":"collection","index":"18 1493/{'value': 1547, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-155/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-155/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-155/ddr-densho-155-1-mezzanine-9eefe1c446-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-155/ddr-densho-155-1-mezzanine-9eefe1c446-a.jpg"},"title":"Merrill Collection","description":"The Merrill Collection consists of personal papers belonging to Mr. Kenneth Merrill, who worked in the procurement office at Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. The collection includes personal correspondence with Japanese Americans who had already left camp, as well as War Relocation Authority publications. Also included are forms for the procurement of items for the camp, and contracts with service providers used for the building of Minidoka itself.","extent":"55 documents","links_children":"ddr-densho-155","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"pcc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-155-1-mezzanine-9eefe1c446-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-131","model":"entity","index":"19 1494/{'value': 1547, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-131/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-131/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-131-mezzanine-16e8ca2215-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-131-mezzanine-16e8ca2215-a.jpg"},"title":"Dealing with Japanese-Americans by John F. Embree, Documents Section, Office of Reports","description":"Short report from WRA Documents Section leader John F. Embree on recommended attitudes, suggestions, and practices while interacting with incarcerated Japanese Americans. According to Embree, race is hereditary while culture is acquired, and Caucasians should refrain from making stereotypical images of \"Japanese types.\" Embree describes the differences in culture and attitudes including questions of loyalty between Issei, Nisei, and Kibei individuals. He recommends using a \"go-between\" to facilitate conversation among the older Issei men in the community when it comes to policies and procedures according to Japanese cultural norms at the time as well as utilizing the Project Director to frequently communicate with the community leaders. Special attention is directed to \"evacuee attitudes\" where the author recommends fostering understanding and communication with Nisei in order for them not to succumb to \"anti American attitudes.\" A letter from Dillon S. Myer, Director, to WRA staff is attached. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9940. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0940","extent":"9 pages, 10.5 x 8 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-131","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Myer, Dillon S. (Dillon Seymour), 1891-1982"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Embree, John F. (John Fee), 1908-1950"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Stereotypes","id":"161"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1942-10","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Myer, Dillon S. (Dillon Seymour), 1891-1982 author \nEmbree, John F. (John Fee), 1908-1950 author \nUnited States. War Relocation Authority publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-131-mezzanine-16e8ca2215-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-361","model":"collection","index":"20 1495/{'value': 1547, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-361/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-361/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-361/ddr-densho-361-1-mezzanine-527a5e5b69-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-361/ddr-densho-361-1-mezzanine-527a5e5b69-a.jpg"},"title":"Nobuko Omoto Collection","description":"The Nobuko Omoto Collection consists of a scrapbook kept by Nobuko Sakai Omoto to remember the Bainbridge Island Japanese American community and their removal during World War II. Nobuko's scrapbook includes newspaper clippings from the local Seattle newspapers which were sent by her friend Phyllis Waltz Jones while Nobuko was incarcerated in Manzanar. Other content in the scrapbook includes: clippings from the Manzanar Free Press, a map of camp, War Relocation Authority documents, and other notes.","extent":"1 scrapbook","links_children":"ddr-densho-361","creators":[{"role":"creator","namepart":"Omoto, Nobuko"}],"language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Omoto, Nobuko creator","download_large":"ddr-densho-361-1-mezzanine-527a5e5b69-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-7-8","model":"entity","index":"21 1496/{'value': 1547, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-7-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-7-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-8-mezzanine-08de9a6742-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-8-mezzanine-08de9a6742-a.jpg"},"title":"WRA resettlement image","description":"Original WRA caption: Every man likes to put on his slippers, light up his favorite pipe, and read the evening paper before the fireplace. Mr. George Isoda is no exception. After a hard day's work as a Milwaukee auto mechanic, Mr. Isoda likes to relax in the large living room of the home which he shares with his brother-in-law, Mr. Masumi Kaneko, who is a printing compositor. The Kanekos and the Isodas have lived in Milwaukee almost one year. The Isodas came from Los Angeles via the Granada Relocation Center while the Kanekos are Seattle, Washington people from the Hunt Relocation Center. Beginning in summer 1942, the War Relocation Authority (WRA) began to release incarcerees and encouraged them to resettle in areas of the United States other than the West Coast.","extent":"2619W x 2005H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-7-8","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Isoda, George"},{"namepart":"Kaneko, Masumi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Milwaukee, Wisconsin","creation":"1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Isoda, George \nKaneko, Masumi","download_large":"ddr-densho-7-8-mezzanine-08de9a6742-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-15","model":"entity","index":"22 1497/{'value': 1547, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-15/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-15/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-bnikki-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-bnikki-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Nikki Bridges Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born February 2, 1911, and grew up in California. During World War II, removed to the Poston (Colorado River) concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, worked in the War Relocation Authority office in San Francisco.
(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:13:03","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-15","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":721,"namepart":"Nikki Bridges"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"December 11, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Nikki Bridges narrator","download_large":"denshovh-bnikki-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5","model":"collection","index":"23 1498/{'value': 1547, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-1-mezzanine-d6ddc50149-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-1-mezzanine-d6ddc50149-a.jpg"},"title":"Dr. Keizaburo Koyama Family Collection","description":"The collection consists of English and Japanese correspondence written primarily to Dr. Keizaburo \"Kei\" Koyama while he was detained at Department of Justice detention facilities (Fort Missoula, MT, Fort Sill, OK, Camp Livingston, LA, and Santa Fe Detention Center, NM). The letters were sent by his friends and family in Portland, friends detained at other Department of Justice detention facilities and War Relocation Authority concentration camps, and his family detained at the Portland Assembly Center and Minidoka Relocation Center in Hunt, Idaho. The letters document their feelings about separation, war, and the conditions of the various detention facilities and concentration camps they were incarcerated at.","extent":"Correspondences that totals 81 letters, four photographs, various other textual documents, and an Order of the Rising Sun certificate and medal; 0.5 linear feet.","links_children":"ddr-one-5","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Goodenough, Andrew \"Uncle Chape\""},{"role":"author","namepart":"Goodenough, Eva \"Aunt Eva\""},{"role":"author","namepart":"Kakishi, Koba"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Eva"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Miriam Kiyo"}],"language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Goodenough, Andrew \"Uncle Chape\" author \nGoodenough, Eva \"Aunt Eva\" author \nKakishi, Koba author \nKoyama, Eva author \nKoyama, Keizaburo author \nKoyama, Miriam Kiyo author","download_large":"ddr-one-5-1-mezzanine-d6ddc50149-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-390-145","model":"entity","index":"24 1499/{'value': 1547, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-390-145/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-390-145/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-390/ddr-densho-390-145-mezzanine-b2354bef29-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-390/ddr-densho-390-145-mezzanine-b2354bef29-a.jpg"},"title":"Amache camp welcome pamphlet","description":"A welcome pamphlet from the Amache concentration camp, belonging to Harry and Walter Matsuoka. Topics discussed include a welcome message to Jerome concentration camp transfers, various community amenities, information on the camp organization, and more.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-390-145","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"War Relocation Authority"},{"namepart":"Matsuoka, Harry Tomio Ogata"},{"namepart":"Lindley, James G."},{"namepart":"Abe, Shiro"},{"namepart":"Amache"},{"namepart":"Ochi-nee"},{"namepart":"Dumas, Enoch"},{"namepart":"Kuzuhara, Kay"},{"namepart":"Ohama, Alice"},{"namepart":"Kuzuhara, Chiaki"},{"namepart":"Aratani, Taka"},{"namepart":"Mitani, Giichiro"},{"namepart":"Uragami, Roy"},{"namepart":"Yoshizawa, Yasutoshi"},{"namepart":"Yoshida, Roy T."},{"namepart":"Walther, Herbert"},{"namepart":"Walter, James K."},{"namepart":"Halliday, Henry F."},{"namepart":"Johnson, W. Ray"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"pamphlet","location":"Amache, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"},{"term":"Jerome","id":"6"}],"creation":"c. 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"War Relocation Authority author War Relocation Authority \nMatsuoka, Harry Tomio Ogata \nLindley, James G. \nAbe, Shiro \nAmache \nOchi-nee \nDumas, Enoch \nKuzuhara, Kay \nOhama, Alice \nKuzuhara, Chiaki \nAratani, Taka \nMitani, Giichiro \nUragami, Roy \nYoshizawa, Yasutoshi \nYoshida, Roy T. \nWalther, Herbert \nWalter, James K. \nHalliday, Henry F. \nJohnson, W. 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