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Born 1923 in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in Carver and Ontario, Oregon, where parents ran a farm. Remained in Ontario during World War II. Drafted into the military in 1945 and served in the Counterintelligence Corps in Japan during the U.S. occupation. Returned to Oregon after military service and continued to farm.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. 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Born December 6, 1941, in Los Angeles, California. During World War II, sent with family to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Rohwer concentration camp, Arkansas. After leaving camp, lived in a Quaker-run hostel in Cincinnati, Ohio. Eventually moved to Chicago, Illinois, where parents ran a cleaners business.\r\n\r\n(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. 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Born March 25, 1928, in Hilo, Hawaii. Grew up in Hilo, where father worked for a Japanese-language newspaper. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested and detained at the Kilauea Military Camp and Sand Island internment camp. After the war, attended the University of Hawaii, then returned to Hilo in 1950.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:28:30","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-284","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":487,"namepart":"Haruye Murakami Hagiwara"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Hilo, Hawaii","creation":"June 10, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Haruye Murakami Hagiwara narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hharuye-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-383","model":"entity","index":"4 354/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-383/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-383/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ichristie-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ichristie-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Christie O. Ichikawa Interview","description":"Sansei female. Born April 4, 1928, in Sacramento, California. Grew up in Sacramento before moving to Boyle Heights, California. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Rohwer concentration camp, Arkansas. After leaving camp, attended school in Chicago before returning to Los Angeles. Established a career in nursing and teaching.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:49:26","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-383","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":629,"namepart":"Christie O. Ichikawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Sharon Yamato"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0076r4d","namepart":"Ozawa, Christie Akiko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"January 10, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Christie O. Ichikawa narrator \nSharon Yamato interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Ozawa, Christie Akiko 88922nr0076r4d","download_large":"denshovh-ichristie-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-345","model":"entity","index":"5 355/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-345/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-345/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hrichard-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hrichard-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Richard Iwao Hidaka Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born April 11, 1928, in Modesto, California. Grew up in Modesto, where parents ran a laundry business and then a farm. During World War II, removed to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado. After leaving camp, finished school in Chicago, Illinois, and served in the National Guard. Remained living in Chicago.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:03:49","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-345","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":582,"namepart":"Richard Iwao Hidaka"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr003bp79","namepart":"Hidaka, Iwao Richard"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Skokie, Illinois","creation":"June 16, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Richard Iwao Hidaka narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Hidaka, Iwao Richard 88922nr003bp79","download_large":"denshovh-hrichard-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-335","model":"entity","index":"6 356/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-335/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-335/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-umiyo-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-umiyo-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Miyo Minnie Uratsu Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born May 25, 1929, in Newcastle, California. Grew up in Newcastle, where parents ran a ranch. During World War II, was removed to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. During the segregation period, transferred  to the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. After leaving camp, lived in Idaho and Utah before eventually returning to family's property in Newcastle.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:20:51","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-335","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":574,"namepart":"Miyo Minnie Uratsu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zw5x","namepart":"Nakae, Miyoko Minnie"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Emeryville, California","creation":"May 25, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Miyo Minnie Uratsu narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Nakae, Miyoko Minnie 88922nr015zw5x","download_large":"denshovh-umiyo-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-404","model":"entity","index":"7 357/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-404/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-404/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tted-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tted-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Ted Tsukiyama Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born December 13, 1920, in Honolulu, Hawaii. During World War II, was a member of the Varsity Victory Volunteers, then served with the 442nd Regimental Combat Team and the Military Intelligence Service. Following military service, graduated from Yale Law School and became an attorney in Hawaii. Active in community and veterans organizations.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:20:42","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-404","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":479,"namepart":"Ted Tsukiyama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Pam Funai"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Mathew Medeiros"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"March 26, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ted Tsukiyama narrator \nPam Funai interviewer \nMathew Medeiros videographer","download_large":"denshovh-tted-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-258","model":"entity","index":"8 358/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-258/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-258/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kfrances-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kfrances-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Frances Midori Tashiro Kaji Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born April 30, 1928, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in the Boyle Heights neighborhood, where father was a prominent medical physician. During World War II, removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Left camp with family to work on a sugar beet farm in Colorado, and eventually returned to Los Angeles, where father reestablished medical practice.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:06:19","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-258","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":412,"namepart":"Frances Midori Tashiro Kaji"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr011tc6s","namepart":"Tashiro, Midori Frances"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Torrance, California","creation":"September 21, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frances Midori Tashiro Kaji narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Tashiro, Midori Frances 88922nr011tc6s","download_large":"denshovh-kfrances-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-334","model":"entity","index":"9 359/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-334/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-334/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kted-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kted-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Ted Kitayama Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born July 27, 1929, on Bainbridge Island, Washington. Grew up on Bainbridge where parents ran a nursery business. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Transferred to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, along with many other Japanese Americans from Bainbridge Island. After leaving camp, moved to Seattle, Washington, eventually establish a very successful nursery business.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. 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Born December 22, 1917, in Torrance, California. Grew up in the Los Angeles area where parents ran a farm. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, family decided to \"voluntarily evacuate\" to Colorado in order to avoid mass removal. Farmed in Colorado during the war years, and returned to Los Angeles in 1945.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"03:49:12","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-365","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":607,"namepart":"Tak Yamashita"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Oxnard, California","creation":"September 14, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tak Yamashita narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ytak-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-344","model":"entity","index":"11 361/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-344/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-344/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ykiyo-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ykiyo-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Kiyo Yoshimura Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born July 31, 1924, in Berkeley, California. Grew up in Richmond, California, where father worked for the Santa Fe railroad company. During World War II, removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. Left camp for Chicago, Illinois. Remained in Chicago, becoming a social worker, and getting involved with several social service organizations.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:01:22","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-344","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":581,"namepart":"Kiyo Yoshimura"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr004vx8g","namepart":"Yoshimura, Kiyoko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Skokie, Illinois","creation":"June 16, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kiyo Yoshimura narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Yoshimura, Kiyoko 88922nr004vx8g","download_large":"denshovh-ykiyo-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-386","model":"entity","index":"12 362/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-386/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-386/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-shy-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-shy-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Hy Shishino Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born June 25, 1924, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in the Los Angeles area where parents owned a flower shop. During World War II removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. Left camp and worked in Minneapolis, Minnesota, for several years before returning to Los Angeles.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:44:52","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-386","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":634,"namepart":"Hy Shishino"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Sharon Yamato"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr009w866","namepart":"Shishino, Hayao S."}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Cerritos, California","creation":"January 31, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hy Shishino narrator \nSharon Yamato interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Shishino, Hayao S. 88922nr009w866","download_large":"denshovh-shy-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1004-17","model":"entity","index":"13 363/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1004-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1004-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1004/denshovh-nshoso-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1004/denshovh-nshoso-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Shoso \"Sho\" Nomura Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born October 1, 1918, in Southern California. During World War II, removed to the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. Joined the Military Intelligence Service and served with the Dixie Mission, a U.S. Army Observation Group, a U.S. effort to establish official relations with the Communist Party of China and the People's Liberation Army.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:58:32","links_children":"ddr-densho-1004-17","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":474,"namepart":"Shoso \"Sho\" Nomura"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"gayle k. yamada"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dean Hayasaka"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"gayle k. yamada Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"December 14, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Shoso \"Sho\" Nomura narrator \ngayle k. yamada interviewer \nDean Hayasaka videographer","download_large":"denshovh-nshoso-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1003-15","model":"entity","index":"14 364/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1003-15/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1003-15/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1003/denshovh-kakira-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1003/denshovh-kakira-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Akira Kageyama Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born July 2, 1916, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in the Los Angeles area. Lost both parents at an early age, and was responsible for younger siblings. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. In camp, was a key figure in Manzanar's guayule project. After leaving camp, returned to Los Angeles.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:08:13","links_children":"ddr-densho-1003-15","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":663,"namepart":"Akira Kageyama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr009j49f","namepart":"Kageyama, Akira Frank"}],"contributor":"Friends of Manzanar Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Lomita, California","creation":"May 5, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Akira Kageyama narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Kageyama, Akira Frank 88922nr009j49f","download_large":"denshovh-kakira-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1003-12","model":"entity","index":"15 365/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1003-12/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1003-12/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1003/denshovh-yyoneo-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1003/denshovh-yyoneo-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Yoneo Yamamoto Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born March 26, 1923, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in the Boyle Heights area where father ran a pharmacy. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, lived for a time in Cleveland, Ohio, before returning to Los Angeles and establishing a successful career in public health.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:55:31","links_children":"ddr-densho-1003-12","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":658,"namepart":"Yoneo Yamamoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Sharon Yamato"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr012p06p","namepart":"Yamamoto, Yoneo"}],"contributor":"Friends of Manzanar Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"April 24, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yoneo Yamamoto narrator \nSharon Yamato interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Yamamoto, Yoneo 88922nr012p06p","download_large":"denshovh-yyoneo-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1001-34","model":"entity","index":"16 366/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1001-34/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1001-34/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-stadashi-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-stadashi-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tadashi Sakuma Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born May 20, 1913, in Hiroshima, Japan, and immigrated to the United States at the age of eleven. Lived on Bainbridge Island, Washington. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, later transferring to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, lived in Moses Lake, Washington, for a time before eventually returning to Bainbridge Island.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:36:01","links_children":"ddr-densho-1001-34","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":285,"namepart":"Tadashi Sakuma"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Gary Sakuma"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr012d53x","namepart":"Sakuma, Tadashi"}],"contributor":"Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","creation":"August 5, 2007","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tadashi Sakuma narrator \nGary Sakuma interviewer Sakuma, Tadashi 88922nr012d53x","download_large":"denshovh-stadashi-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-432","model":"entity","index":"17 367/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-432/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-432/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ytokio-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ytokio-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tokio Yamane Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born September 2, 1922, in Hawaii. Moved with family to Hiroshima at age three, then returned to the Fresno area of the U.S. for high school. During World War II, was sent to the Fresno Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. While at Jerome, refused to answer the so-called \"loyalty questions\" and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp when it became a segregation center. At the end of 1943, was involved in a confrontation with camp administrators and was severely beaten by War Relocation Officials and thrown in Tule Lake's stockade. While in the stockade, participated in a hunger strike, and later helped to organize young people's groups with the goal of going to Japan. Eventually renounced U.S. citizenship and was sent to the Santa Fe Department of Justice camp before expatriation to Japan. Remained in Japan after the war, working for the U.S. occupation army and then in private business.<p>(This interview was conducted in Japanese. The transcript is a translation of the original interview. This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"04:42:24","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-432","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":847,"namepart":"Yamane, Tokio"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Sachiko Takita-Ishii"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Yoko Murakawa"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr006gt3d","namepart":"Yamane, Tokio"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Japan","creation":"May 23, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yamane, Tokio narrator \nSachiko Takita-Ishii interviewer \nYoko Murakawa interviewer Yamane, Tokio 88922nr006gt3d","download_large":"denshovh-ytokio-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-410","model":"entity","index":"18 368/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-410/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-410/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-swarren-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-swarren-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Warren Koichi Suzuki Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born February 27, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. At age ten, was sent to Japan to live and attend school. Returned to Seattle prior to World War II. During the war, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Answered \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, returned to Seattle and lived with then wife and child in a hostel located in Seattle's Japanese language school. Established a postwar career with the City of Seattle.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:44:28","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-410","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":664,"namepart":"Warren Koichi Suzuki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0110h76","namepart":"Suzuki, Koichi Warren"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 10, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Warren Koichi Suzuki narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Suzuki, Koichi Warren 88922nr0110h76","download_large":"denshovh-swarren-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-170","model":"entity","index":"19 369/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-170/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-170/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-170-mezzanine-3a2d9be8dd-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-170-mezzanine-3a2d9be8dd-a.jpg"},"title":"W.D. Form 67: Request and Authorization for Civilian Travel at Government Expense","description":"Travel Authorization for Ai Chih Tsai, Research Analyst, from Washington, D.C., to Camp Ritchie, MD, for 30 days.","extent":"8W x 10.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-170","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Rische, Ernest A."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"United States War Department Military Intelligence Service"},{"namepart":"Rische, Lt. Col. Ernest"},{"namepart":"Hubbard, Lt. Col. J."},{"namepart":"Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David)"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Washington, District of Columbia","creation":"January 11, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Rische, Ernest A. author Tsai, Ai Chih \nUnited States War Department Military Intelligence Service \nRische, Lt. Col. Ernest \nHubbard, Lt. Col. J. \nEisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David)","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-170-mezzanine-3a2d9be8dd-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-97-174","model":"entity","index":"20 370/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-97-174/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-97-174/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-97/ddr-densho-97-174-mezzanine-0a873e04d9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-97/ddr-densho-97-174-mezzanine-0a873e04d9-a.jpg"},"title":"Heart Mountain Sentinel Vol. III No. 13 (March 25, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Petition Answered by War Staff. Department Has No Policy Against Nisei Soldiers, Colonel Tells Councilmen\" (p. 1), \"Minority Member of Group Calls Tule Investigation Painful Parody of Inquiry\" (p. 1), \"28 Nisei Face Court Martial\" (p. 1), \"Editorials: A Statement of Policy\" (p. 4), \"'Barbed Wire Philosophy' Aids Evacuees to Maintain Balance\" (p. 4), \"Majority of Nisei are Loyal to America, Avers Sandberg\" (p. 8).","extent":"1344W x 2017H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-97-174","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Heart Mountain Sentinel","id":"175"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"March 25, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-97-174-mezzanine-0a873e04d9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-17-37","model":"entity","index":"21 371/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-17-37/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-17-37/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-17/ddr-pc-17-37-mezzanine-bcfde03cc5-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-17/ddr-pc-17-37-mezzanine-bcfde03cc5-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 21 No. 11 (September 15, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Nisei Battalion Took Place In Final Battles in Germany\" (p. 1), \"Tule Lake Administration Not Changed by Action of Army. Military Police Now Acting as Agents of Justice Department\" (p. 2), \"Military Police Detachments Withdrawn from Centers\" (p. 2), \"VFW Post in Spokane Rejects Sgt. Koyama, Wounded Veteran of Pacific War Against Japan\" (p. 3), \"Granada Pioneer Suspends as Staff Leaves, Camp to Close\" (p. 7).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-17-37","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"September 15, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-17-37-mezzanine-bcfde03cc5-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-42-106","model":"entity","index":"22 372/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-42-106/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-42-106/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-42/ddr-csujad-42-106-mezzanine-23e163e7e1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-42/ddr-csujad-42-106-mezzanine-23e163e7e1-a.jpg"},"title":"Notice of assignment, Form WRA-21, Fumio Fred Takano","description":"A notice of assignment issued by War Relocation Authority, United States Department of the Interior. Fumio Fred Takano is assigned to Engineering Section as a plumber foreman. It includes the rate of pay (19.00 dollars) and entrance on duty date. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/14304\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tak_01_55_001</a>","extent":"1 page, 5 x 8 inches, typescript and handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-42-106","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Gila River Relocation Center"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Rivers, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Gila River","id":"3"}],"creation":"8/23/1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States. War Relocation Authority author \nGila River Relocation Center author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-42-106-mezzanine-23e163e7e1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-125-315","model":"entity","index":"23 373/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-125-315/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-125-315/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-125/ddr-densho-125-315-mezzanine-9b1a316eb1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-125/ddr-densho-125-315-mezzanine-9b1a316eb1-a.jpg"},"title":"Manzanar Free Press Vol. 6 No. 71 (February 24, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Twelve Called to Active Duty; to Leave Monday for Induction\" (p. 1), \"Apply for Permits at Fire Department\" (p. 1), \"Aliens, Citizens May be Issued Business Licenses\" (p. 1), \"Tell Number of Nisei Casualties in Armed Forces\" (p. 1), \"Transfer Internees to Bismark [Bismarck] Camp\" (p. 1), \"Anti-Nisei Sentiment Hit by War Veteran\" (p. 1), \"Guide Given on Milk Types by Section of Public Health\" (p. 2).","extent":"1400W x 1980H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-125-315","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Manzanar Free Press","id":"204"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Manzanar concentration camp, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"February 24, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-125-315-mezzanine-9b1a316eb1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-2103","model":"entity","index":"24 374/{'value': 874, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2103/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-2103/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-2103-mezzanine-7fe4c67bee-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-2103-mezzanine-7fe4c67bee-a.jpg"},"title":"Redress: U.S. appeals decision to pay child of voluntary evacuee","description":"Newspaper clipping published in Rafu shimpo regarding a court case in which the Department of Justice appealed a decision that ruled in favor of granting redress payments to the child of \"voluntary evacuees\" during World War II. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/12286\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sac_jaac_2206</a>","extent":"1 page; 8.5 x 5.25 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-2103","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Rafu Shimpo"}],"topics":[{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Impact of redress movement","id":"116"},{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Civil Liberties Act of 1988","id":"525"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Rafu Shimpo","id":"524"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"clipping","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"8/19/1994","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Rafu Shimpo publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-2103-mezzanine-7fe4c67bee-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"War Department","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}