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Born in Los Angeles, California, but raised in Ohio. During World War II, members of their family were incarcerated in the Manzanar and Tule Lake concentration camps in California. Graduated from San Francisco State University with a degree in Ethnic Studies. Moved to Chicago, involved in numerous community groups."},{"id":"941","model":"narrator","index":"4 54/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/941/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/941/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-chi-1-11_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-chi-1-11_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/941/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ben Chikaraishi","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 10, 1921, in Colusa, California. As a child, family moved to Stockton, California, where parents owned a hotel. Was attending the University of California at Berkeley when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, and the family was sent to the Rohwer concentration camp, Arkansas. Left camp to live in Chicago, Illinois, where he became an optometrist."},{"id":"ddr-densho-148-229","model":"entity","index":"5 55/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-148-229/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-148-229/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-148/ddr-densho-148-229-mezzanine-a8a6e9c144-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-148/ddr-densho-148-229-mezzanine-a8a6e9c144-a.jpg"},"title":"Rocky Shimpo Vol. 12, No. 143 (November 30, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"59 Re-enlist; 38 for Three Years\"; \"Repatriates Drenched\"; \"Closing Dates for WRA Offices Told in Chicago\"; \"Sunday Service Program\"; \"Portlanders Meeting at Church December First\"; \"Fete Service Men\"; \"Churchmen Return from Trip to Japan, Korea\"; \"118 Niseis Enrolled at University of California\"; \"Donate Expense Fund\"; \"Housing Shortage Surveyed Here\"; \"File Loomis Complaint\"; \"Divorce Petitioned Here\"; \"Pfc. 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Sohei writes to thank Harold for the letters and clippings about the University High School Class Reunion; however, he admits that he knows almost nobody in the 1942 class and that they probably wouldn't have remembered him. He mentions that at his University of Chicago Reunion in 1965, nobody remembered him. He also notes that \"Hohri\" was not mentioned in the booklet offered at the Manzanar 1942-1943 Graduating Class Reunion. He writes that he must not have been a memorable guy and that, for him, there is no re-living the past, but hearing recollection and stories of others helps him better understand the \"30s years.\" He writes that he wants to better understand the changes caused by the war, and shares his thoughts about the benefits of events that bring people together.","extent":"8 1/2 x 6 1/8 in. 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Spent early part of childhood in Montana, where parents ran a farm. Moved with family to Seattle, Washington, finished school, and attended the University of Washington. Moved to the Los Angeles area for work. During World War II, removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, worked in Chicago and Wisconsin before eventually returning to Los Angeles.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:57:38","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-358","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":591,"namepart":"Roy Nakagawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr013012r","namepart":"Nakagawa, Roy"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"July 20, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Roy Nakagawa narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Nakagawa, Roy 88922nr013012r","download_large":"denshovh-nroy-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-353","model":"entity","index":"8 58/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-353/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-353/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-353-mezzanine-9ab6f0f70c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-353-mezzanine-9ab6f0f70c-a.jpg"},"title":"Keynote Talk: Rev. 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IV"},{"namepart":"United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)"},{"namepart":"Shackleton, Allan"},{"namepart":"Shackleton, Colin"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"narrative","creation":"May 17, 2017","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Peter author Tsai, Ai Chih \nTsai, Peter \nTsai, Whitney \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) \nCheng, Franklin P. \nTaiwanese American Historical Society \nTainan Presbyterian High School \nDoshisha Daigaku \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) United States Office of Naval Intelligence \nColumbia University \nUnited States Department of War \nUnited Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) \nJapanese Congregational Church \nSeattle Formosan Christian Church \nCaldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nKerr, George \"Jack\" H. \nWatkins, James T. 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After leaving camp, worked in Chicago and Wisconsin before eventually returning to Los Angeles."},{"id":"310","model":"narrator","index":"10 60/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/310/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/310/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tfrank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tfrank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/310/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Shinichiro Tanabe","bio":"Nisei male. Born on August 10, 1919, in Osaka, Japan. Attended college at the University of Washington before being removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Established Tule Lake's newspaper, the Tulean Dispatch. Transferred to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, before resettling in Chicago. Drafted into the Military Intelligence Service, and served and worked in Tokyo as an interpreter."},{"id":"119","model":"narrator","index":"11 61/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/119/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/119/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ocharles.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ocharles.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/119/interviews/"},"display_name":"Charles Olds","bio":"White male. Born 1913 in Karuizawa, Japan, to missionary parents. Attended Canadian school in Kobe, Japan, before coming to the United States with his older brother. He attended the University of Chicago School of Social Work, then volunteered to work for the War Relocation Authority (WRA). He later worked as a relocation officer in the concentration camps in Poston, Arizona, and Tule Lake, California. Mr. Olds was inducted into the army in 1945."},{"id":"1055","model":"narrator","index":"12 62/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1055/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1055/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-2_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-2_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1055/interviews/"},"display_name":"Warren H. Watanabe","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 12, 1921, in San Francisco, California. Grew up in San Francisco, where father worked as the executive secretary of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce. During World War II, removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. Left camp to attend college and the University of Chicago. Earned a PhD and entered academia at MIT before working for a chemical manufacturing company. Moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, married and raised a family."},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-349","model":"entity","index":"13 63/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-349/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-349/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-349-mezzanine-769221d25d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-349-mezzanine-769221d25d-a.jpg"},"title":"Ryo Morikawa Recollections","description":"Autobiography: Ryo's parents, Life in San Diego, 11 months in Japan, Evacuation, Married Life","extent":"unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-349","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Diego","id":"487"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Sansei","id":"338"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Women","id":"515"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation -- Alien land laws","id":"516"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Arrival","id":"4"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Life in Japan and reasons for leaving","id":"2"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture -- Flower growers","id":"346"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture -- Migrant labor","id":"347"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Small business -- Florists","id":"439"},{"term":"Japan -- Pre-World War II","id":"163"},{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Buddhism","id":"395"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"World War II","id":"399"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Orphans","id":"512"},{"term":"Education","id":"31"},{"term":"Education -- Primary education","id":"333"},{"term":"Education -- Public schools","id":"32"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Japan -- Education","id":"375"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath","id":"48"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Decision to incarcerate","id":"203"},{"term":"World War II -- Non-incarcerated Japanese Americans -- \"Voluntary evacuation\"","id":"56"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Community activities -- Recreational activities","id":"179"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Morikawa, Ayano (Hirahara)"},{"namepart":"Morikawa, Kennosuke \"Frank\" (Kusumoto)"},{"namepart":"Morikawa, Kenji"},{"namepart":"Chiong, Anna Fumi (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Morikawa, George Kiyoshi"},{"namepart":"Cudahy's Packing Plant"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"United Nations Relief & Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)"},{"namepart":"United States Marine Corps"},{"namepart":"K?kai"},{"namepart":"Morikawa, Takanosuke"},{"namepart":"White, Samuel"},{"namepart":"Fremont Elementary School"},{"namepart":"Point Loma High School"},{"namepart":"San Diego State University"},{"namepart":"California Institute of Technology"},{"namepart":"Keisen Jogakuen Daigaku"},{"namepart":"International Journal of Religious Education"},{"namepart":"Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Board of National Missions"},{"namepart":"Hyde Park High School"},{"namepart":"Barnum and Bailey"},{"namepart":"Doshisha Daigaku"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago Divinity School"},{"namepart":"Illinois Institute of Technology"},{"namepart":"Sumio, Koga"},{"namepart":"Anderson, Harrison Ray"},{"namepart":"Fourth Presbyterian Church"},{"namepart":"Kerr, George \"Jack\" H."},{"namepart":"United States Army"},{"namepart":"United States Office of Naval Intelligence"},{"namepart":"Columbia University"},{"namepart":"United States Army Map Service"},{"namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Lee, Bisim (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Seido"},{"namepart":"Congregational Committee for Christian Democracy"},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church"},{"namepart":"Japanese Church of Christ"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"narrative","location":"Duluth, Minnesota","creation":"June 1, 2002","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) author Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) \nMorikawa, Ayano (Hirahara) \nMorikawa, Kennosuke \"Frank\" (Kusumoto) \nMorikawa, Kenji \nChiong, Anna Fumi (Morikawa) \nMorikawa, George Kiyoshi \nCudahy's Packing Plant \nTsai, Ai Chih \nCaldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nUnited Nations Relief & Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) \nUnited States Marine Corps \nK?kai \nMorikawa, Takanosuke \nWhite, Samuel \nFremont Elementary School \nPoint Loma High School \nSan Diego State University \nCalifornia Institute of Technology \nKeisen Jogakuen Daigaku \nInternational Journal of Religious Education \nPresbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Board of National Missions \nHyde Park High School \nBarnum and Bailey \nDoshisha Daigaku \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nIllinois Institute of Technology \nSumio, Koga \nAnderson, Harrison Ray \nFourth Presbyterian Church \nKerr, George \"Jack\" H. \nUnited States Army \nUnited States Office of Naval Intelligence \nColumbia University \nUnited States Army Map Service \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) \nLee, Bisim (Tsai) \nOgawa, Seido \nCongregational Committee for Christian Democracy \nJapanese Congregational Church \nJapanese Church of Christ","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-349-mezzanine-769221d25d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-142","model":"entity","index":"14 64/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-142/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-142/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-sroger-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-sroger-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Roger Shimomura Interview","description":"Roger Shimomura's paintings, prints, and theater pieces address sociopolitical issues of Asian America. The inspiration for many of his works are the diaries kept by his late immigrant grandmother for fifty-six years. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Washington in Seattle, and his graduate degree from Syracuse University, New York. <p></p>Shimomura has had more than 100 solo exhibitions of his paintings and prints, and has presented his experimental theater pieces at such venues as the Franklin Furnace, New York; Walker Art Center, Minneapolis; and the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. He is the recipient of four National Endowment for the Arts Fellowships in painting and performance art, a McKnight Fellowship, and a Civil Liberties Public Education Fund Fellowship. He was the first artist to be awarded an international Japan Foundation Grant, as well as the first in the state to receive the Kansas Arts Commission Artist Fellowship in Painting. <p></p>In fall 1990, Shimomura was appointed the Dayton Hudson Distinguished Visiting Professor at Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota. Professor Shimomura has lectured on his work at more than 160 universities and art museums across the United States. In 1994 he was designated a University Distinguished Professor on the University of Kansas faculty, the first so honored in the history of the School of Fine Arts at that campus. In 1998, he received the Higuchi Research Prize, the highest annual honor bestowed on a Kansas University faculty member in the Humanities and Social Sciences.  In 1999, the Seattle Urban League named a scholarship for him that is awarded annually to a Seattle resident pursuing a career in art. The College Art Association presented him with the Artist Award for Most Distinguished Body of Work for 2001, in recognition of his four-year, twelve-museum national tour of the painting exhibition <i>An American Diary</i>.<p></p>Shimomura's personal papers are being collected by the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. He is represented by Jeffrey Hoffeld & Company, Inc., New York; Jan Cicero Gallery, Chicago; Jan Weiner Gallery, Kansas City; Bernice Steinbaum Gallery, Miami; and Greg Kucera Gallery, Seattle.","extent":"06:44:32","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-142","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":135,"namepart":"Roger Shimomura"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Mayumi Tsutakawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0061b4v","namepart":"Shimomura, Yutaka Roger"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"March 18 & 20, 2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Roger Shimomura narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nMayumi Tsutakawa interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Shimomura, Yutaka Roger 88922nr0061b4v","download_large":"denshovh-sroger-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-352","model":"entity","index":"15 65/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-352/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-352/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-352-mezzanine-89d9e30d7f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-352-mezzanine-89d9e30d7f-a.jpg"},"title":"Rev. Ai Chih Tsai Biography and Legacy","description":"Powerpoint for Taiwanese-American Historical Society Exhibit presented on May 17, 2017","extent":"unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-352","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Lee, Bisim (Tsai)"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Peter"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Education","id":"31"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"Identity and values","id":"42"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Chinese American identity","id":"455"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Men","id":"511"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Peter"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Whitney"},{"namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Taiwanese American Historical Society"},{"namepart":"Tainan Presbyterian High School"},{"namepart":"Doshisha Daigaku"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago Divinity School"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) United States Office of Naval Intelligence"},{"namepart":"Columbia University"},{"namepart":"United States Department of War"},{"namepart":"United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)"},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church"},{"namepart":"Seattle Formosan Christian Church"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Kerr, George \"Jack\" H."},{"namepart":"Watkins, James T. IV"},{"namepart":"United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)"},{"namepart":"Shackleton, Allan"},{"namepart":"Shackleton, Colin"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"narrative","creation":"May 17, 2017","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) author \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) author \nLee, Bisim (Tsai) author \nTsai, Peter author Tsai, Ai Chih \nTsai, Peter \nTsai, Whitney \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) \nTaiwanese American Historical Society \nTainan Presbyterian High School \nDoshisha Daigaku \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) United States Office of Naval Intelligence \nColumbia University \nUnited States Department of War \nUnited Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) \nJapanese Congregational Church \nSeattle Formosan Christian Church \nCaldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nKerr, George \"Jack\" H. \nWatkins, James T. IV \nUnited States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS) \nShackleton, Allan \nShackleton, Colin","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-352-mezzanine-89d9e30d7f-a.jpg"},{"id":"130","model":"narrator","index":"16 66/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/130/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/130/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yjoe.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yjoe.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/130/interviews/"},"display_name":"Joe Yasutake","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 25, 1932, in Seattle, Washington. Father employed by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service as interpreter for twenty years, until separated from family on December 7, 1941 and interned as an enemy alien. Removed from Seattle with mother, sister and two brothers in 1942. Attended school (fifth through sixth grades) while incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, and U.S. Department of Justice internment camp at Crystal City, TX. Reunited with father, Jack Kaichiro Yasutake, who was transferred from the U.S. Department of Justice internment camp in Lordsburg, NM to Crystal City, TX camp in 1944. After release from Crystal City camp, moved with parents to Cincinnati, OH. Moved with parents to Chicago, Illinois where father served as Executive Director of the Chicago Resettlers Committee. After high school graduation, attended Lawrence College in Wisconsin. Graduated from University of Illinois. Commissioned as lieutenant, U.S. Army, 1954, assigned to artillery and served in Germany. Returned to U.S. in 1956, discharged from the army. Married, had three sons. Late wife died in 1984. Was remarried in 1988 and has one stepdaughter. Received M.A., New York University. Moved to Ohio, employed by U.S. Air Force as psychologist. Received Ph.D. in Industrial Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus OH. Moved to Denver, CO. Retired in 1986 from the U.S. Air Force Human Resources Laboratory. Moved to California, employed by Lockheed. Serves in a volunteer capacity with community organizations, including as president of the Japanese American Museum of San Jose, and speaks at schools to educate students about the experiences of Japanese Americans and loss of constitutional rights during World War II. Also serves as chair of the San Jose Japantown Preservation Committee."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-29-55","model":"entity","index":"17 67/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-29-55/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-29-55/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-29/ddr-csujad-29-55-1-mezzanine-30e1871bdc-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-29/ddr-csujad-29-55-1-mezzanine-30e1871bdc-a.jpg"},"title":"An Oral History with Norman Y. Mineta","description":"Japanese American congressman, representing the Thirteenth Congressional District of California, born and raised in San Jose, California, discusses his early life, graduation from the University of California, Berkeley, and receiving a commission and serving in the armed forces from 1953-1956. Recalls the removal, \"relocation,\" and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp, Wyoming, from 1942-1943; his family's move to the Chicago area for father's employment; and the return to the West Coast. This oral history was conducted for the Japanese American Oral History Project, Oral History Program, CSU Fullerton; interview was conducted by Duff Griffith. Transcript is found in item: csufccop_jaoh_0008. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/378\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1328_T01</a>","extent":"0:45:42","links_children":"ddr-csujad-29-55","creators":[{"role":"narrator","id":320,"namepart":"Norman Mineta"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Griffith, Duff"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"California State University, Fullerton. Center for Oral and Public History"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Wyoming","id":"508"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Jose","id":"274"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Military service -- Post-World War II service","id":"297"},{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers","id":"61"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath","id":"48"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\") -- Preparation","id":"189"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Food","id":"68"},{"term":"World War II -- Japanese American Citizens League activities","id":"400"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers -- Conflicts, intimidation, and violence","id":"404"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Social and recreational activities","id":"195"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Fullerton Center for Oral and Public History","rights":"pcc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","creation":"2/10/1975","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Norman Mineta narrator \nGriffith, Duff interviewer \nCalifornia State University, Fullerton. Center for Oral and Public History publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-29-55-1-mezzanine-30e1871bdc-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-351","model":"entity","index":"18 68/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-351/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-351/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-351-mezzanine-0f7397e8ca-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-351-mezzanine-0f7397e8ca-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Times: Rev. 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IV"},{"namepart":"United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"narrative","creation":"April 11, 2017","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) author \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) author \nLee, Bisim (Tsai) author \nTsai, Peter author Tsai, Ai Chih \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) \nLee, Bisim (Tsai) \nTsai, Peter \nTaiwanese American Historical Society \nDoshisha Daigaku \nTainan Presbyterian High School \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nJapanese Church of Christ \nUnited States Naval Intelligence \nUnited States Department of War \nUnited Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) \nJapanese Congregational Church \nMaxwell, James \nKerr, George \"Jack\" H. \nWatkins, James T. IV \nUnited States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-351-mezzanine-0f7397e8ca-a.jpg"},{"id":"135","model":"narrator","index":"19 69/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/135/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/135/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sroger.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sroger.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/135/interviews/"},"display_name":"Roger Shimomura","bio":"Roger Shimomura's paintings, prints, and theater pieces address sociopolitical issues of Asian America. The inspiration for many of his works are the diaries kept by his late immigrant grandmother for fifty-six years. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Washington in Seattle, and his graduate degree from Syracuse University, New York. Shimomura has had more than 100 solo exhibitions of his paintings and prints, and has presented his experimental theater pieces at such venues as the Franklin Furnace, New York; Walker Art Center, Minneapolis; and the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. He is the recipient of four National Endowment for the Arts Fellowships in painting and performance art, a McKnight Fellowship, and a Civil Liberties Public Education Fund Fellowship. He was the first artist to be awarded an international Japan Foundation Grant, as well as the first in the state to receive the Kansas Arts Commission Artist Fellowship in Painting. In fall 1990, Shimomura was appointed the Dayton Hudson Distinguished Visiting Professor at Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota. Professor Shimomura has lectured on his work at more than 160 universities and art museums across the United States. In 1994 he was designated a University Distinguished Professor on the University of Kansas faculty, the first so honored in the history of the School of Fine Arts at that campus. In 1998, he received the Higuchi Research Prize, the highest annual honor bestowed on a Kansas University faculty member in the Humanities and Social Sciences.  In 1999, the Seattle Urban League named a scholarship for him that is awarded annually to a Seattle resident pursuing a career in art. The College Art Association presented him with the Artist Award for Most Distinguished Body of Work for 2001, in recognition of his four-year, twelve-museum national tour of the painting exhibition An American Diary. Shimomura's personal papers are being collected by the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. He is represented by Jeffrey Hoffeld & Company, Inc., New York; Jan Cicero Gallery, Chicago; Jan Weiner Gallery, Kansas City; Bernice Steinbaum Gallery, Miami; and Greg Kucera Gallery, Seattle."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-137-9","model":"segment","index":"20 70/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-137-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-137-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ymitsuye-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ymitsuye-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Mitsuye May Yamada Interview Segment 9","description":"Reuniting with family in Chicago, Illinois after deciding to attend graduate school at the University of Chicago<p>Mitsuye Yamada was interviewed together with her two surviving brothers, William Toshio Yasutake and Joseph Yasutake, in group sessions on October 8-9, 2002. She was interviewed individually on October 9-10, 2002.<p></p>Before being contacted by Densho, the Yasutake siblings had planned to conduct their own family history interviews. Individually and jointly, they and other family members had written and gathered material documenting their family history. They shared much of this with me to assist with research and preparation for the Densho interview. Mitsuye's daughter Jeni had coordinated much of the family history work. Jeni participated as a secondary interviewer during the group sessions, October 8-9, 2002.<p></p>The group interview sessions were conducted in Seattle at the home of Tom Ikeda, executive director of Densho. The oldest Yasutake sibling, Reverend Seiichi Michael Yasutake, had passed away less than a year before the Densho interviewing, in December, 2001. The remaining siblings emphasized that his absence left a gap in their discussion of family history. In addition to Jeni Yamada and videographers Dana Hoshide and John Pai, also present during some portions of the group interview were Tom Ikeda, and Mitsuye Yamada's son Kai Yamada.","extent":"00:04:05","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-137-9","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":129,"namepart":"Mitsuye May Yamada"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Chicago, Illinois","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7013596\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"October 9 & 10, 2002","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mitsuye May Yamada narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ymitsuye-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-29-55-1","model":"segment","index":"21 71/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-29-55-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-29-55-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-29/ddr-csujad-29-55-1-mezzanine-30e1871bdc-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-29/ddr-csujad-29-55-1-mezzanine-30e1871bdc-a.jpg"},"title":"An Oral History with Norman Y. Mineta - Segment 1","description":"Japanese American congressman, representing the Thirteenth Congressional District of California, born and raised in San Jose, California, discusses his early life, graduation from the University of California, Berkeley, and receiving a commission and serving in the armed forces from 1953-1956. Recalls the removal, \"relocation,\" and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp, Wyoming, from 1942-1943; his family's move to the Chicago area for father's employment; and the return to the West Coast.   This oral history was conducted for the Japanese American Oral History Project, Oral History Program, CSU Fullerton; interview was conducted by Duff Griffith. Audio is found in item: csufccop_jaoh_0009. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/377\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1328_F01</a>","extent":"0:45:42","links_children":"ddr-csujad-29-55-1","creators":[{"role":"narrator","id":320,"namepart":"Norman Mineta"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Griffith, Duff"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"California State University, Fullerton. Center for Oral and Public History"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Wyoming","id":"508"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Jose","id":"274"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Military service -- Post-World War II service","id":"297"},{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers","id":"61"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath","id":"48"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\") -- Preparation","id":"189"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Food","id":"68"},{"term":"World War II -- Japanese American Citizens League activities","id":"400"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers -- Conflicts, intimidation, and violence","id":"404"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Social and recreational activities","id":"195"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"},{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Work leave","id":"103"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp","id":"101"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil liberties -- Internal Security Act, 1950","id":"473"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Fullerton Center for Oral and Public History","rights":"nocc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","creation":"2/10/1975","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Norman Mineta narrator \nGriffith, Duff interviewer \nCalifornia State University, Fullerton. Center for Oral and Public History publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-29-55-1-mezzanine-30e1871bdc-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-136","model":"entity","index":"22 72/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-136/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-136/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yjoe-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yjoe-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Joe Yasutake Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born May 25, 1932, in Seattle, Washington. Father employed by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service as interpreter for twenty years, until separated from family on December 7, 1941 and interned as an enemy alien. Removed from Seattle with mother, sister and two brothers in 1942. Attended school (fifth through sixth grades) while incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, and U.S. Department of Justice internment camp at Crystal City, TX. Reunited with father, Jack Kaichiro Yasutake, who was transferred from the U.S. Department of Justice internment camp in Lordsburg, NM to Crystal City, TX camp in 1944. After release from Crystal City camp, moved with parents to Cincinnati, OH. Moved with parents to Chicago, Illinois where father served as Executive Director of the Chicago Resettlers Committee. After high school graduation, attended Lawrence College in Wisconsin. Graduated from University of Illinois. Commissioned as lieutenant, U.S. Army, 1954, assigned to artillery and served in Germany. Returned to U.S. in 1956, discharged from the army. Married, had three sons. Late wife died in 1984. Was remarried in 1988 and has one stepdaughter. Received M.A., New York University. Moved to Ohio, employed by U.S. Air Force as psychologist. Received Ph.D. in Industrial Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus OH. Moved to Denver, CO. Retired in 1986 from the U.S. Air Force Human Resources Laboratory. Moved to California, employed by Lockheed. Serves in a volunteer capacity with community organizations, including as president of the Japanese American Museum of San Jose, and speaks at schools to educate students about the experiences of Japanese Americans and loss of constitutional rights during World War II. Also serves as chair of the San Jose Japantown Preservation Committee.<p>(Joseph Yasutake was interviewed together with his sister Mitsuye (Yasutake) Yamada and surviving brother, William Toshio Yasutake, in group sessions on October 8-9, 2002. He was also interviewed individually on October 9, 2002.<p></p>Before being contacted by Densho, the Yasutake siblings had planned to conduct their own family history interviews. Individually and jointly, they and other family members had written and gathered material documenting their family history. They shared much of this with me to assist with research and preparation for the Densho interview. Mitsuye's daughter Jeni had coordinated much of the family history work. Jeni participated as a secondary interviewer during the group sessions, October 8-9, 2002.<p></p>The group interview sessions were conducted in Seattle at the home of Tom Ikeda, executive director of Densho. The oldest Yasutake sibling, Reverend Seiichi Michael Yasutake, had passed away less than a year before the Densho interviewing, in December, 2001. The remaining siblings emphasized that his absence left a gap in their discussion of family history. In addition to Jeni Yamada and videographers Dana Hoshide and John Pai, also present during some portions of the group interview were Tom Ikeda, and Mitsuye Yamada's son Kai Yamada.)","extent":"01:20:38","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-136","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":130,"namepart":"Joe Yasutake"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"October 9, 2002","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Joe Yasutake narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer","download_large":"denshovh-yjoe-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"129","model":"narrator","index":"23 73/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/129/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/129/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ymitsuye.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ymitsuye.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/129/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mitsuye May Yamada","bio":"Female, child of Issei parents. Born July 5, 1923, in Fukuoka, Japan while her mother and two older Nisei brothers visited relatives. Named Mitsuye Mei Yasutake at birth. From age 3, grew up in Seattle, WA. Father employed by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service as interpreter for twenty years, until separated from family on December 7, 1941 and interned as an enemy alien. Attended Cleveland High School before being removed from Seattle with mother and three brothers in 1942, and incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Allowed temporary leave from Minidoka, to travel with brother William Toshio Yasutake to visit their father, Jack Kaichiro Yasutake, incarcerated at U.S. Department of Justice internment camp in Lordsburg, NM. Released from Minidoka in 1943 to work and attend college in Cincinnati. Received B.A. in English and Art from New York University. M.A. in English Literature and Research from University of Chicago. Married and had four children. Moved to Southern California in 1960. Taught for 23 years at community colleges in Southern California and other institutions, retiring from Cypress College as Professor of English in 1989. Author of Camp Notes and Other Poems, first published in 1976; Desert Run, (1988); writer of numerous other essays, short stories, and poems widely anthologized in collections such as This Bridge Called My Back (1981) and Women Poets of the World (1983). Featured in \"Mitsuye and Nellie: Two American Poets,\" documentary film on Asian women in the United States, aired on national public television, 1981. Founder of MultiCultural Women Writers (MCWW), member of Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States (MELUS), and active in many community, arts and cross-cultural programs. Elected to National Board of Directors of Amnesty International USA in 1987 and served for six years. Recipient of numerous awards and honors recognizing her professional and volunteer contributions to society."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-137-14","model":"segment","index":"24 74/{'value': 79, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-137-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-137-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ymitsuye-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ymitsuye-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Mitsuye May Yamada Interview Segment 14","description":"Memories of the McCarthy period, attending the University of Chicago<p>Mitsuye Yamada was interviewed together with her two surviving brothers, William Toshio Yasutake and Joseph Yasutake, in group sessions on October 8-9, 2002. She was interviewed individually on October 9-10, 2002.<p></p>Before being contacted by Densho, the Yasutake siblings had planned to conduct their own family history interviews. Individually and jointly, they and other family members had written and gathered material documenting their family history. They shared much of this with me to assist with research and preparation for the Densho interview. Mitsuye's daughter Jeni had coordinated much of the family history work. Jeni participated as a secondary interviewer during the group sessions, October 8-9, 2002.<p></p>The group interview sessions were conducted in Seattle at the home of Tom Ikeda, executive director of Densho. The oldest Yasutake sibling, Reverend Seiichi Michael Yasutake, had passed away less than a year before the Densho interviewing, in December, 2001. The remaining siblings emphasized that his absence left a gap in their discussion of family history. In addition to Jeni Yamada and videographers Dana Hoshide and John Pai, also present during some portions of the group interview were Tom Ikeda, and Mitsuye Yamada's son Kai Yamada.","extent":"00:05:45","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-137-14","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":129,"namepart":"Mitsuye May Yamada"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Chicago, Illinois","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7013596\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"October 9 & 10, 2002","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mitsuye May Yamada narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ymitsuye-01-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"University of Chicago","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}