(This interview was conducted by sisters Emiko and Chizuko Omori for their 1999 documentary, Rabbit in the Moon, about the Japanese American resisters of conscience in the World War II incarceration camps. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:34:52","links_children":"ddr-densho-1002-1","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":58,"namepart":"Frank Miyamoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Chizu Omori"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emiko Omori"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Emiko Omori and Paul Mailman"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr010jw30","namepart":"Miyamoto, Shotaro Frank"}],"contributor":"Emiko and Chizuko Omori Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"September 28, 1992","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Miyamoto narrator \nChizu Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori and Paul Mailman videographer Miyamoto, Shotaro Frank 88922nr010jw30","download_large":"denshovh-mfrank-05-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-44-199","model":"entity","index":"12 337/{'value': 405, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-44-199/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-44-199/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-44/ddr-csujad-44-199-mezzanine-9773ab6bc6-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-44/ddr-csujad-44-199-mezzanine-9773ab6bc6-a.jpg"},"title":"Scrapbook of the Monterey Peninsula Junior Japanese American Citizens League","description":"Scrapbook of the Monterey Peninsula Junior Japanese American Citizens League. Features color photographs of Junior JACL members playing games together and socializing at dinners, dances, picnics, and at the beach. Several photographs also document the group's trip to Utah for the National Junior JACL Convention. A number of pages include captions cut from magazines and other sources, and humorous speech bubbles are pasted to many of the photographs. Additional contents include a 1972 installation dinner program, with names of JACL and Junior JACL officers; a letter to Karen Sakai, President of the Junior JACL, from Colonel Commandant Kibbey M. Horne; brochures of sightseeing and recreational destinations on the Monterey Peninsula; a program for the 4th Biennial National Junior JACL Convention at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City; a program for the Fourth Quarterly Sequoia Jr. JACL meeting, held in Palo Alto, California; and Monterey Peninsula JACL newsletters from November and December 1972. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: csumb_ms15_0198","extent":"1 volume (72 pages), 12.75 x 12 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-44-199","creators":[{"role":"compiler","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens' League. Monterey Peninsula Chapter"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Youth","id":"514"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Community activities -- Recreational activities","id":"179"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Monterey Bay","rights":"nocc","genre":"album","location":"Monterey, California","creation":"1972","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens' League. Monterey Peninsula Chapter compiler","download_large":"ddr-csujad-44-199-mezzanine-9773ab6bc6-a.jpg"},{"id":"43","model":"narrator","index":"13 338/{'value': 405, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/43/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/43/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kminoru.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kminoru.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/43/interviews/"},"display_name":"Minoru Kiyota","bio":"Kibei male, born October 12, 1923, in Seattle, Washington. Raised primarily in San Francisco, California, spending four years in Hiratsuka, Japan. Was incarcerated with his family at Topaz concentration camp, Utah. Refused to sign the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" and as a consequence was moved to Tule Lake Segregation Center, California. In Tule, he renounced his U.S. citizenship in protest of the incarceration his treatment in camp, and the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" Shortly thereafter he regretted his actions and attempted to rescind his decision. (It would be ten years before he would regain his citizenship.) After being released from Tule Lake in March 1946 he accepted a scholarship to College of the Ozarks, Arkansas, transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, and then served overseas in the U.S. Air Force Intelligence during the Korean War until his renunciation was discovered. After being dismissed from the air force he stayed in Japan, earning a master's and doctorate degree from Tokyo University. Published an autobiographical work in Japan entitled \"Nikkei hangyakuji,\" which was translated into English as \"Beyond Loyalty: The Story of a Kibei.\""},{"id":"76","model":"narrator","index":"14 339/{'value': 405, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/76/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/76/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nchizuko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nchizuko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/76/interviews/"},"display_name":"Chizuko Norton","bio":"Nisei female. Born July 3, 1924, in Seattle, Washington. Spent prewar childhood in Japan; Bellevue, Washington; and Kirkland, Washington. Incarcerated at Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Returned to Seattle after the war, obtained master's degree from the University of Washington in the field of social work. Founded Seattle's first alternative school program for the Seattle Public Schools and cofounded the Separation and Loss Institute. One of the first Nisei in a biracial marriage. Discusses impact of incarceration on Japanese American health and cultural identity."},{"id":"313","model":"narrator","index":"15 340/{'value': 405, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/313/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/313/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nted.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nted.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/313/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ted Nagata","bio":"Sansei male. Born October 5, 1935, in Santa Monica, California. Raised in Berkeley, California, where father worked as a salesman. Removed to Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and Topaz concentration camp, Utah. Mother had difficult time in camp. Family was one of the last to leave Topaz. Resettled in Salt Lake City and, with sister, sent to St. Ann's Orphanage for one year. Attended West High School and University of Utah. Received Master's degree in commercial design. Operated successful graphic design firm in Salt Lake City until retirement."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-16","model":"entity","index":"16 341/{'value': 405, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-ipeter-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-ipeter-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Peter Irons Interview","description":"White male. Born 1940 in Salem, Massachusetts. Family moved frequently during his childhood due to father's employment. Strongly influenced by parents' values regarding racial tolerance and inclusion, and principles learned through Unitarian Church. While attending Antioch College in Ohio, became involved in political and social activism for civil rights. Joined the youth branch of NAACP, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and other groups. Active in sit-ins and other demonstrations addressing racial inequality, peace and related issues, eventually becoming a full-time organizer. Worked for the United Autoworkers Union. Resisted the draft, and was indicted by a federal grand jury in 1964. Convicted of failing to report for military service and sentenced to three years in prison. Graduated from Antioch College, 1966. Appealed his conviction to the United States Court of Appeals and lost. Served his sentence in federal institutions in Milan, Michigan, Terre Haute, Indiana, and Danbury, Connecticut. Following release from prison in 1969, attended graduate school at Boston University, obtaining PhD in political science in 1973. Accepted to Harvard Law School. While a law student, researched and filed a writ of error coram nobis with the federal court in which he had been convicted, and as a result had his conviction vacated. (Writ of error coram nobis establishes that the original case was premised on errors of fact withheld from the judge and the defense by the prosecution.) Graduated from Harvard Law School in 1978. Taught undergraduate and law school courses at several schools before joining faculty of the University of California at San Diego. While conducting research at the National Archives and Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. in preparation for writing a book, discovered evidence of governmental misconduct during World War II, which refuted the U.S. government's rationale of \"military necessity\" for the mass incarceration of persons of Japanese ancestry in 1942. Using this evidence, assisted the congressional Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. Contacted original defendants, initiated formation of legal teams, and was instrumental in filing petitions using the writ of error coram nobis, resulting in the reconsideration of the wartime \"internment cases\": Hirabayashi, Korematsu, and Yasui. Dr. Irons is a professor of political science and director of the Earl Warren Bill of Rights Project at the University of California, San Diego.
(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:06:01","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-16","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":122,"namepart":"Peter Irons"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"November 11, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Peter Irons narrator","download_large":"denshovh-ipeter-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"1076","model":"narrator","index":"17 342/{'value': 405, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1076/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1076/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-25_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-25_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1076/interviews/"},"display_name":"A. Hirotoshi Nishikawa","bio":"Sansei male. Born in April 23, 1938, in San Francisco, California. Spent first few years in San Francisco where parents were farming. During World War II, removed with family to the Salinas Assembly Center, California, and the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. After the war, returned to California and Hirotoshi attended school and eventually the University of California at Berkeley. Earned a PhD in biochemistry and worked in the pharmaceutical industry. Later became involved with the Japanese American Citizens League."},{"id":"1080","model":"narrator","index":"18 343/{'value': 405, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1080/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1080/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-544_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-544_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1080/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kathy Nishimoto Masaoka","bio":"Sansei female. Born May 7, 1948, in the Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Boyle Heights, attending the Maryknoll Catholic School. Went to the University of California, Berkeley, during the Asian American Studies movement. Involved in numerous activist community groups in Los Angeles, such as the Asian Women's Group and the Community Workers Collective. Worked for causes in Little Tokyo related to youth, workers' rights, and housing. Worked on the redress movement, particularly in outreach and education."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-481","model":"entity","index":"19 344/{'value': 405, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-481/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-481/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-481-mezzanine-7080b38950-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-481-mezzanine-7080b38950-a.jpg"},"title":"Second Lieutenant Vorobyov","description":"A photograph of Second Lieutenant Vorobyov and Sgt. Sakamoto eating corn. The annotation reads: Second Lieutenant Vorobyov speaks in Japanese well. He said that he attended Waseda University in Japan. His wife was a Russian descendant and beautiful. He drank with us at a party. He was invited by a police chief. He was transferred to the tank troop division so that he could earn the Medal of Honor for his children. [In Japanese]. Title from annotation. Item from: George Naohara scrapbook: Korean War and before leaving Japan (csudh_nao_0600). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_04_047_003","extent":"black and white, 4 x 4 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-481","topics":[{"term":"Korean War","id":"466"},{"term":"Military service","id":"296"}],"format":"img","contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Korea","creation":"1950-1951","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-481-mezzanine-7080b38950-a.jpg"},{"id":"320","model":"narrator","index":"20 345/{'value': 405, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/320/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/320/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mnorman.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mnorman.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/320/interviews/"},"display_name":"Norman Mineta","bio":"Nisei male. Born November 12, 1931, in San Jose, California. During World War II, removed to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Graduated from the University of California at Berkeley, and served in the military as an intelligence officer in Japan and Korea. Served on the San Jose City Council from 1967 to 1971, and as mayor of San Jose from 1967 to 1971. Served as U.S. Congressman from 1975 to 1995. While in Congress, was integral in the passage of H.R. 442, the Civil Liberties Act of 1988. Served as Secretary of Transportation from 2001 to 2006."},{"id":"444","model":"narrator","index":"21 346/{'value': 405, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/444/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/444/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/oart.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/oart.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/444/interviews/"},"display_name":"Art Okuno","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 15, 1921, in San Francisco, California. Grew up in San Francisco, and was attending the University of California at Berkeley when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Removed with family to the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. While in Heart Mountain, served as scoutmaster for a Boy Scout troop. After leaving camp, eventually returned to San Francisco, was drafted, and served one year in the military."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-184","model":"entity","index":"22 347/{'value': 405, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-184/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-184/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hhideo-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hhideo-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Hideo Hoshide Interview I","description":"Nisei male. Born September 25, 1917, in Tacoma, Washington. Grew up in Tacoma except for living in Japan for several years at age four. Attended the University of Washington in Seattle, majoring in Political Science, Far Eastern Studies, with a minor in journalism. Prior to World War II, worked as sports editor for community newspaper, The Japanese American Courier. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, was removed along with wife to Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and then Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Had a daughter in Tule Lake, and then moved to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Recruited to work for the U.S. Army's Office of Strategic Services (OSS), was drafted, and trained in India. After the end of the war, was sent to Hiroshima, Japan, to conduct a U.S. government survey studying the effects of the atomic bomb on Japanese citizens. Returned to Seattle in 1946 and was the associate editor for another community newspaper, The Northwest Times. Worked for the Boeing Company postwar while raising a family. Was a founding member of the Seattle Nisei Veterans Committee, working on the group's newsletter for thirty years.","extent":"05:04:07","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-184","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":209,"namepart":"Hideo Hoshide"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr014cb22","namepart":"Hoshide, Hideo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"January 26 & 27, 2006","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hideo Hoshide narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Hoshide, Hideo 88922nr014cb22","download_large":"denshovh-hhideo-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-185","model":"entity","index":"23 348/{'value': 405, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-185/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-185/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hhideo-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hhideo-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Hideo Hoshide Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born September 25, 1917, in Tacoma, Washington. Grew up in Tacoma except for living in Japan for several years at age four. Attended the University of Washington in Seattle, majoring in Political Science, Far Eastern Studies, with a minor in journalism. Prior to World War II, worked as sports editor for community newspaper, The Japanese American Courier. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, was removed along with wife to Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and then Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Had a daughter in Tule Lake, and then moved to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Recruited to work for the U.S. Army's Office of Strategic Services (OSS), was drafted, and trained in India. After the end of the war, was sent to Hiroshima, Japan, to conduct a U.S. government survey studying the effects of the atomic bomb on Japanese citizens. Returned to Seattle in 1946 and was the associate editor for another community newspaper, The Northwest Times. Worked for the Boeing Company postwar while raising a family. Was a founding member of the Seattle Nisei Veterans Committee, working on the group's newsletter for thirty years.","extent":"04:24:23","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-185","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":209,"namepart":"Hideo Hoshide"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr014cb22","namepart":"Hoshide, Hideo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"February 1 & 2, 2006","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hideo Hoshide narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Hoshide, Hideo 88922nr014cb22","download_large":"denshovh-hhideo-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"119","model":"narrator","index":"24 349/{'value': 405, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/119/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/119/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ocharles.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ocharles.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/119/interviews/"},"display_name":"Charles Olds","bio":"White male. Born 1913 in Karuizawa, Japan, to missionary parents. Attended Canadian school in Kobe, Japan, before coming to the United States with his older brother. He attended the University of Chicago School of Social Work, then volunteered to work for the War Relocation Authority (WRA). He later worked as a relocation officer in the concentration camps in Poston, Arizona, and Tule Lake, California. Mr. Olds was inducted into the army in 1945."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"University of California","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}