{"total":29,"limit":25,"offset":0,"prev_offset":null,"next_offset":25,"page_size":25,"this_page":1,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=United States Supreme Court&limit=25&offset=25","objects":[{"id":"ddr-njpa-1-704","model":"entity","index":"0 0/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-1-704/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-1-704/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-1/ddr-njpa-1-704-mezzanine-c8ec8dfb29-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-1/ddr-njpa-1-704-mezzanine-c8ec8dfb29-a.jpg"},"title":"United States Supreme Court Justices","description":"Caption on reverse: \"(Front row from L) Louis D. Brandeis (80) Willis Van Devanter (77) Chief Justice Charles Hughes (74) James C. McReynolds (75) George Sutherland (74) (Rear Row from L) Owen J. Roberts (61) Pierce Butler (70) Harlen [sic] F. Stone (81) Benjamin N. Cardozo (66).\"\r\n\r\nCaption on reverse [translation]: The President vs. The Protectors of the Constitution. (Washington) Domei. This is a recent picture of the nine justices of the US Supreme Court, now openly in opposition to President Roosevelt following the president's announcement of his reform plan for the Supreme Court on February 5. (From front left) Louis D. Brandeis (80), Willis Van Devanter (77), Chief Justice Charles Hughes (74), James O. McReynolds (75), George Sutherland (74), Owen J. Roberts (61), Pierce Butler (70), Harlan F. Stone (64), Benjamin N. Cardozo (66). 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United States of America.","links_children":"ddr-densho-35-428","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Fred Korematsu","id":"157"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"Oct-44","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-35-428-mezzanine-8a1585375c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-1-1952","model":"entity","index":"3 3/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-1-1952/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-1-1952/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-1/ddr-njpa-1-1952-mezzanine-10db1e783c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-1/ddr-njpa-1-1952-mezzanine-10db1e783c-a.jpg"},"title":"Clipping regarding Harlan F. Stone","description":"Caption on front: \"Justice Harlan F. Stone of the Supreme Court of the United States, and former Attorney General. From a portrait painted by Ercole Cartotto for the Department of Justice in Washington.\"","extent":"3.5W x 4.5H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-1-1952","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Stone, Harlan F."}],"contributor":"Hawai'i Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"clipping","creation":"c.1930s-1940s","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Stone, Harlan F.","download_large":"ddr-njpa-1-1952-mezzanine-10db1e783c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-23-15","model":"entity","index":"4 4/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-23-15/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-23-15/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-23/ddr-densho-23-15-mezzanine-b17b97922c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-23/ddr-densho-23-15-mezzanine-b17b97922c-a.jpg"},"title":"Naturalization certificate","description":"Certificate of naturalization for Bunshiro Tazuma, aged seventy. The landmark case Ozawa v. United States (United States Supreme Court, 1922) barred the Issei from becoming American citizens even though many had been permanent residents since the late 1800s. In 1952, the Immigration and Nationality Act was passed, and the Issei were finally allowed to become citizens.","links_children":"ddr-densho-23-15","topics":[{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Naturalization","id":"176"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tazuma, Bunshiro"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"ephemera","location":"Issued in Seattle, Washington","creation":"1954","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tazuma, Bunshiro","download_large":"ddr-densho-23-15-mezzanine-b17b97922c-a.jpg"},{"id":"370","model":"narrator","index":"5 5/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/370/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/370/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tdonald.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tdonald.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/370/interviews/"},"display_name":"Donald K. Tamaki","bio":"Sansei male. Born May 26, 1951, in Oakland, California. Received law degree from UC Berkeley. In the 1980s, served as a member of the pro bono legal team for Korematsu v. United States, a lawsuit to overturn a 40 year old conviction for refusal to obey exclusion orders aimed at Japanese Americans during World War II, originally upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in landmark decisions."},{"id":"369","model":"narrator","index":"6 6/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/369/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/369/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/npeggy.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/npeggy.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/369/interviews/"},"display_name":"Peggy A. Nagae","bio":"Sansei female. Born July 25, 1951, in Boring, Oregon, a small town outside of Portland. Graduated from Vassar College, then earned a law degree from Northwestern School of Law at Lewis and Clark College. In the 1980s, lead the legal team for Yasui v. United States, a lawsuit to overturn a 40 year old conviction for refusal to obey exclusion orders aimed at Japanese Americans during WWII, originally upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in landmark decisions."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-24-44","model":"entity","index":"7 7/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-24-44/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-24-44/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-24/ddr-csujad-24-44-mezzanine-1e090d45e8-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-24/ddr-csujad-24-44-mezzanine-1e090d45e8-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Harry and Yaso Ueno to Michi and Walter Weglyn, June 03, 1987","description":"A letter from Harry and Yaso Ueno to Michi and Walter Weglyn in which the authors lament a United States Supreme Court and criticize Japanese American Citizens' League (JACL) leader Mike Masaoka. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/12751\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chi_02_003</a>","extent":"1 page, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-24-44","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Ueno, Harry Y. (Harry Yoshio), 1907-"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Ueno, Yaso"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Japanese American Citizens League activities","id":"400"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Department of Special Research Collections, UC Santa Barbara Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","creation":"6/3/1987","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ueno, Harry Y. (Harry Yoshio), 1907- author \nUeno, Yaso author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-24-44-mezzanine-1e090d45e8-a.jpg"},{"id":"371","model":"narrator","index":"8 8/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/371/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/371/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yeric.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yeric.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/371/interviews/"},"display_name":"Eric K. Yamamoto","bio":"Sansei male. Born 1952 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Attended law school at UC Berkeley, California and became involved with the Asian Law Caucus. After graduating, returned to Hawaii. In the 1980s, left job in Hawaii and moved to the Bay Area to become a member of the pro bono legal team for Korematsu v. United States, a lawsuit to overturn a 40 year old conviction for refusal to obey exclusion orders aimed at Japanese Americans during WWII, originally upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in landmark decisions."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-234","model":"entity","index":"9 9/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-234/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-234/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tdonald-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tdonald-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Donald K. Tamaki Interview","description":"Sansei male. Born May 26, 1951, in Oakland, California. Received law degree from UC Berkeley. In the 1980s, served as a member of the pro bono legal team for <i>Korematsu v. 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Tamaki narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nLorraine Bannai interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-tdonald-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-56-382","model":"entity","index":"10 10/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-382/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-56-382/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-382-mezzanine-2ae25d9462-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-382-mezzanine-2ae25d9462-a.jpg"},"title":"State Alien Land Law Upheld. Japanese Can't Acquire Realty in Washington. United States Supreme Court Decision Upholds Statutes of Pacific Coast Commonwealths. (November 12, 1923)","description":"The Seattle Daily Times, November 12, 1923, pp. 1, 11","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-56-382","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Seattle Times Company"}],"topics":[{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation -- Discriminatory laws","id":"177"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture","id":"6"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"periodical","location":"Washington State","creation":"November 12, 1923","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Seattle Times Company publisher","download_large":"ddr-densho-56-382-mezzanine-2ae25d9462-a.jpg"},{"id":"182","model":"narrator","index":"11 11/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/182/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/182/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/scharles.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/scharles.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/182/interviews/"},"display_name":"Charles Z. Smith","bio":"Born February 23, 1927, in Lakeland, Florida. Left home at age fourteen to live under the educational supervision of Dr. William H. Gray, Jr., attended Florida A & M, and graduated with a degree in business administration from Temple University. Graduated from University of Washington Law School in 1955, then served as law clerk for Supreme Court Justice Matthew W. Hill. Worked as both deputy prosecuting attorney for King County and in private law practice, before moving to Washington, D.C., to take position as Special Assistant to the Attorney General of the United States in the legal field. Justice Smith was appointed to the Washington State Supreme Court in 1988, where he served until his retirement in 2002. Justice Smith received the University of Washington Law School's Distinguished Alumnus Award in 1990, and was appointed by President Clinton to the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom in 1999. He has also won the Asian Bar Association's Judge of the Year award as well as the Lifetime Service Award from the Washington State Bar Association. During his long and illustrious career, Justice Smith has served on the boards of several Asian American community organizations, and worked on behalf of immigrants' rights."},{"id":"ddr-pc-17-7","model":"entity","index":"12 12/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-17-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-17-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-17/ddr-pc-17-7-mezzanine-8bd52812ad-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-17/ddr-pc-17-7-mezzanine-8bd52812ad-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 20 No. 7 (February 17, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Hood River Nisei Reported Killed in Action in Pacific. Name of Japanese American Had Been Erased from County Honor Roll by Legion Post\" (p. 1), \"Supreme Court Denies Appeal Of Korematsu\" (p. 1), \"Fresno Sheriff Investigations Three Shotgun Blasts Fired Into Home of Nisei Evacuee\" (p. 1), \"650 Segregees Removed from Tule Lake Camp\" (p. 2), \"Three Nisei from Famed Burm Unit Back in United States. Merrill's Marauders Veterans Will Receive Training at OCS\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-17-7","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"February 17, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-17-7-mezzanine-8bd52812ad-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-233","model":"entity","index":"13 13/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-233/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-233/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-npeggy-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-npeggy-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Peggy A. Nagae Interview I","description":"Sansei female. Born July 25, 1951, in Boring, Oregon, a small town outside of Portland. Graduated from Vassar College, then earned a law degree from Northwestern School of Law at Lewis and Clark College. In the 1980s, lead the legal team for Yasui v. United States, a lawsuit to overturn a 40 year old conviction for refusal to obey exclusion orders aimed at Japanese Americans during WWII, originally upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in landmark decisions.","extent":"01:41:17","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-233","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":369,"namepart":"Peggy A. Nagae"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"April 17, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Peggy A. Nagae narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-npeggy-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-16-18","model":"entity","index":"14 14/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-16-18/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-16-18/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-16/ddr-pc-16-18-mezzanine-85d2d54742-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-16/ddr-pc-16-18-mezzanine-85d2d54742-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 18 No. 14 (April 29, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Nisei Battalion Fighting on Anzio Beachhead\" (p. 1), \"Army Says Nisei Will Not Be Used in Combat Against Japan\" (p. 1), \"Young Japanese Alien Gets American Citizenship Through Service in United States Army\" (p. 1), \"Student Relocation Program Successful, Reports Hibbard\" (p. 2), \"WRA Reopens Isolation Camp in Arizona. Leupp Will House Troublemakers from Tule Lake Center\" (p. 2), \"\"U.S. Supreme Court Postpones Test Cases. Mitsuye Endo Detention Appeal Sent to High Tribunal When Lower Court, Unable to Decide\" (p. 3), \"Report Tension Between Groups at Tule Lake Center\" (p. 8), \"Race Tensions Discussed at JACL Meeting\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-16-18","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"April 29, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-16-18-mezzanine-85d2d54742-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-22-23","model":"entity","index":"15 15/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-22-23/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-22-23/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-22/ddr-pc-22-23-mezzanine-114af98c2c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-22/ddr-pc-22-23-mezzanine-114af98c2c-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 30 No. 23 (June 10, 1950)","description":"Selected article titles: \"U.S. Senate Approves Amended Walter Bill. Resolution Opens American Citizenship to Alien Japanese Residents of United States\" (p. 1), \"JACL Hails Supreme Court Rulings in Segregation Cases as Victory for Democracy\" (p. 1), \"Move for Equality in Armed Forces Spell End of All-Nisei Units in Army, Says Masaoka\" (p. 2), \"Practice of Oriental Religions Has No Effect on Americanism Of Nisei, Says Senate Report\" (p. 2), \"Minneapolis Tribune to Drop Use of Word 'Jap' in Headlines\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-22-23","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"June 10, 1950","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-22-23-mezzanine-114af98c2c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-27-8","model":"entity","index":"16 16/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-27-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-27-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-27/ddr-csujad-27-8-mezzanine-20993d838c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-27/ddr-csujad-27-8-mezzanine-20993d838c-a.jpg"},"title":"Indonesian men at the immigration detention facility in San Francisco waiting to be transported to the immigration detention facility in Crystal City, Texas","description":"Caption found with the image reads, \"After several weeks of action in the U.S. District Court, and an appeal to the Circuit Court of Appeals and to the Supreme Court, an order was obtained for removal of the Indonesians from the immigration detention quarters, San Francisco, to the immigration Detention Facility at Crystal City, Texas. Here the Indonesians are on the ground floor awaiting arrival of buses to take them to the Southern Pacific railroad where they boarded cars and were taken, under guard, to Crystal City. They are still held in Crystal City (Jan.10.1947) [sic] awaiting final outcome of the appeal to the Supreme Court, whereby they seek to kill the immigration order of deposition, so that they may remain in the United States.\" The image shows a packed room full of men in suits. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/7898\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ind_01_01_006</a>","extent":"black and white, 7.5 x 10 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-27-8","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Francisco","id":"273"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Expatriation/repatriation/deportation","id":"107"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-27-8-mezzanine-20993d838c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-235","model":"entity","index":"17 17/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-235/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-235/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yeric-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yeric-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Eric K. Yamamoto Interview","description":"Sansei male. Born 1952 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Attended law school at UC Berkeley, California and became involved with the Asian Law Caucus. After graduating, returned to Hawaii. In the 1980s, left job in Hawaii and moved to the Bay Area to become a member of the pro bono legal team for </i>Korematsu v. United States</i>, a lawsuit to overturn a 40 year old conviction for refusal to obey exclusion orders aimed at Japanese Americans during WWII, originally upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in landmark decisions.","extent":"02:12:42","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-235","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":371,"namepart":"Eric K. Yamamoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Lorraine Bannai"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"April 17, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Eric K. Yamamoto narrator \nLorraine Bannai interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-yeric-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-19-10","model":"entity","index":"18 18/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-19-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-19-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-19/ddr-pc-19-10-mezzanine-858237a4dc-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-19/ddr-pc-19-10-mezzanine-858237a4dc-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 24 No. 9 (March 8, 1947)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Report Twelve Thousand Nisei in Japan Have Applied for Repatriation to United States\" (p. 1), \"California Supreme Court Hears Stockton Theatre Case On Issei Business Rights\" (p. 1), \"Tule Lake Test Cases Moved To New Court\" (p. 1), \"Bill Seeks Repeal Of California School Segregation\" (p. 1), \"Nisei, Negro Groups Learning to Live, Work Together in Downtown Los Angeles Area\" (p. 2), \"Racial Minorities Victimized As Scapegoats in Time of Economic Crisis, Says Writer\" (p. 2), \"Discuss Amending Laws to Stay Deportation of Alien Residents\" (p. 3), \"Nisei GIs Vital to Success Of Occupation, Says Army. Military Intelligence Service Starts New Recruiting Drive for Japanese Americans\" (p. 3), \"Evacuee Loss Data Sought In Interviews\" (p. 7).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-19-10","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"March 8, 1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-pc-19-10-mezzanine-858237a4dc-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-2125","model":"entity","index":"19 19/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-2125/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-2125/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-2125-mezzanine-9948cb2293-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-2125-mezzanine-9948cb2293-a.jpg"},"title":"Constitution: an instrument of democracy","description":"Copy of portions of a book regarding the United States constitution, its original ideas, growth, and present use. Chapters include Before the Constitution, the Making of the Constitution, the Constitution Grows Up, Nationalism and States' Rights: The First 70 Years, Protection of Individual Rights, the Power of the President, Expanding the Constitution, Limiting the Constitution, Amending the Constitution, Supreme Court: Personalities and Periods, the Middle Way, the Constitution with Annotations, and Recent Applications of Civil Rights. Includes pages 166 through 169 with highlighted passages. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/12309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sac_jaac_2228</a>","extent":"6 pages; 8.5 x 11 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-2125","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Salisbury, W. Seward (William Seward)"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Cushman, Robert E. (Robert Everton), 1914-1985"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Newson and Company"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil liberties","id":"233"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"New York, New York","creation":"1941","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Salisbury, W. Seward (William Seward) author \nCushman, Robert E. (Robert Everton), 1914-1985 author \nNewson and Company publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-2125-mezzanine-9948cb2293-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-393","model":"entity","index":"20 20/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-393/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-393/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-393-mezzanine-e99109aafa-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-393-mezzanine-e99109aafa-a.jpg"},"title":"Advance Congregational Christian Journal: As American as Hot Dogs and Coca-Cola","description":"Article by Ryo (Morikawa) Tsai on what it means to be a \"minority\" American and influence of faith","extent":"8.125W x 10.75H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-393","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Cross-racial relations","id":"38"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Mass media","id":"391"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath","id":"48"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Advance Congregational Christian Journal"},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church (San Diego)"},{"namepart":"Veterans of Foreign Wars"},{"namepart":"Morikawa, Kennosuke \"Frank\" (Kusumoto)"},{"namepart":"Kawai, Michi"},{"namepart":"Bryn Mawr"},{"namepart":"Anderson, Marian"},{"namepart":"United States Supreme Court"},{"namepart":"McCracken, Robert J."},{"namepart":"Riverside Church (New York)"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"New York, New York","creation":"May 30, 1956","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) author Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) \nAdvance Congregational Christian Journal \nJapanese Congregational Church (San Diego) \nVeterans of Foreign Wars \nMorikawa, Kennosuke \"Frank\" (Kusumoto) \nKawai, Michi \nBryn Mawr \nAnderson, Marian \nUnited States Supreme Court \nMcCracken, Robert J. \nRiverside Church (New York)","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-393-mezzanine-e99109aafa-a.jpg"},{"id":"112","model":"narrator","index":"21 21/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/112/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/112/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/blorraine.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/blorraine.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/112/interviews/"},"display_name":"Lorraine Bannai","bio":"Sansei female. Born 1955 in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Gardena, California, surrounded by a large Japanese American community. Influenced by father's role in community and politics, and mother's emphasis on education. Attended University of California, Santa Barbara where she became increasingly aware of Japanese American history, issues of ethnic identity and racial inequality. Attended the University of San Francisco School of Law where she honed her commitment to political and social activism. Only a few years out of law school, she joined a team of lawyers working to reopen the Supreme Court's 1944 decision in Korematsu v. United States. Convicted of violating the exclusion order during World War II, Mr. Korematsu's case went all the way to the Supreme Court where the exclusion and incarceration of Japanese Americans was upheld as constitutional, based on the government's argument of \"military necessity.\" Through a petition for writ of error coram nobis (establishing that the case was premised on errors of fact withheld from the judge and the defense by the prosecution), the legal team reopened the case, provided evidence that the factual underpinnings to the exclusion orders were fraudulent, and successfully had the Korematsu conviction vacated, as well as a handful of other similar convictions. In this interview, Ms. Bannai discusses the coram nobis legal team, the support for the effort among the Japanese American community, and personal lessons gained from being a part of this effort."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-169","model":"entity","index":"22 22/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-169/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-169/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-scharles-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-scharles-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Charles Z. Smith Interview","description":"Born February 23, 1927, in Lakeland, Florida. Left home at age fourteen to live under the educational supervision of Dr. William H. Gray, Jr., attended Florida A & M, and graduated with a degree in business administration from Temple University. Graduated from University of Washington Law School in 1955, then served as law clerk for Supreme Court Justice Matthew W. Hill. Worked as both deputy prosecuting attorney for King County and in private law practice, before moving to Washington, D.C., to take position as Special Assistant to the Attorney General of the United States in the legal field. Justice Smith was appointed to the Washington State Supreme Court in 1988, where he served until his retirement in 2002. Justice Smith received the University of Washington Law School's Distinguished Alumnus Award in 1990, and was appointed by President Clinton to the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom in 1999. He has also won the Asian Bar Association's Judge of the Year award as well as the Lifetime Service Award from the Washington State Bar Association. During his long and illustrious career, Justice Smith has served on the boards of several Asian American community organizations, and worked on behalf of immigrants' rights.","extent":"02:46:23","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-169","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":182,"namepart":"Charles Z. Smith"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"August 13, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Charles Z. Smith narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-scharles-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-113","model":"entity","index":"23 23/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-113/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-113/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-blorraine-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-blorraine-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Lorraine Bannai Interview","description":"Sansei female. Born 1955 in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Gardena, California, surrounded by a large Japanese American community. Influenced by father's role in community and politics, and mother's emphasis on education. Attended University of California, Santa Barbara where she became increasingly aware of Japanese American history, issues of ethnic identity and racial inequality. Attended the University of San Francisco School of Law where she honed her commitment to political and social activism. Only a few years out of law school, she joined a team of lawyers working to reopen the Supreme Court's 1944 decision in Korematsu v. United States. Convicted of violating the exclusion order during World War II, Mr. Korematsu's case went all the way to the Supreme Court where the exclusion and incarceration of Japanese Americans was upheld as constitutional, based on the government's argument of \"military necessity.\" Through a petition for writ of error coram nobis (establishing that the case was premised on errors of fact withheld from the judge and the defense by the prosecution), the legal team reopened the case, provided evidence that the factual underpinnings to the exclusion orders were fraudulent, and successfully had the Korematsu conviction vacated, as well as a handful of other similar convictions. In this interview, Ms. Bannai discusses the coram nobis legal team, the support for the effort among the Japanese American community, and personal lessons gained from being a part of this effort.","extent":"04:11:39","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-113","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":112,"namepart":"Lorraine Bannai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Margaret Chon"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai/Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"March 23 & 24, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Lorraine Bannai narrator \nMargaret Chon interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nJohn Pai/Dana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-blorraine-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"134","model":"narrator","index":"24 24/{'value': 29, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/134/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/134/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mdale.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mdale.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/134/interviews/"},"display_name":"Dale Minami","bio":"Sansei male. Born in Los Angeles, California on October 13, 1946, and grew up in Gardena, California. Received B.A. in Political Science from University of Southern California, graduated magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa in 1968. Received J.D., 1971, from Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California. Mr. Minami was a co-founder of the Asian Law Caucus, Inc., a co-founder of the Asian Pacific American Bar Association of the Greater Bay Area, the Asian Pacific Bar of California and the Coalition of Asian Pacific Americans. He was involved in significant litigation affecting civil rights of Asian Pacific Americans and other minorities, including Korematsu v. United States, a lawsuit to overturn a 40 year old conviction for refusal to obey exclusion orders aimed at Japanese Americans during WWII, originally upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in landmark decisions; United Pilipinos for Affirmative Action v. California Blue Shield, the first class action employment lawsuit brought by Asian Pacific Americans on behalf of Asian Pacific Americans; Spokane JACL v. Washington State University, a class action on behalf of Asian Pacific Americans to establish an Asian American Studies program at Washington State University; and Nakanishi v. UCLA, a claim for unfair denial of tenure which resulted in the granting of tenure after widespread publicity over discrimination in academia. Mr. Minami represents Kristi Yamaguchi, the 1992 Olympic Gold Medal skater, playwright Philip Kan Gotanda, actor Lane Nishikawa, and others in the fields of media and entertainment. He is counsel to the National Asian American Telecommunications Association and the Asian American Journalists' Association. Mr. Minami has taught at University of California, Berkeley and Mills College in Oakland, CA and has been a Commissioner of the State of California's Fair Employment and Housing Commission, a Commissioner on the State Bar of California, Commission on Judicial Nominees Evaluation, the Chair of the Attorney General's Asian/Pacific Advisory Committee and a Member of Senator Barbara Boxer's Judicial Screening Committee. He was Chair of the Civil Liberties Public Education Fund Commission, appointed by President Clinton in 1994. Mr. Minami has received numerous awards including the State Bar President's Pro bono Service Award, an honorary Juris Doctor degree from the McGeorge School of Law, designation of a dormitory at the University of California at Santa Cruz as the \"Queen Liliuokalani-Minami\" Dormitory, awards from the Coro Foundation, the Japanese Cultural and Community Center of Northern California, the Harry Dow Memorial Fellowship in Boston, the Fred Korematsu Civil Rights Fund Award, the Organization of Chinese Americans, the Japanese American Youth Center and the Centro Legale de la Raza. Mr. Minami is a partner with Minami, Lew and Tamaki in San Francisco, and specializes in personal injury and entertainment law."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"United States Supreme Court","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}