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He was also one of the earliest proponents of redress, doing the research, planning, and organizing for the \"Seattle plan,\" the first highly developed plan for obtaining redress from the U.S. government for the WWII incarceration of the Japanese American community.","extent":"03:05:49","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-57","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":59,"namepart":"Henry Miyatake"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr005rx3r","namepart":"Miyatake, Jiro Henry"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"October 14, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Henry Miyatake narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Miyatake, Jiro Henry 88922nr005rx3r","download_large":"denshovh-mhenry-05-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-55","model":"entity","index":"1 2101/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-55/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-55/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mhenry-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mhenry-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Henry Miyatake Interview III","description":"Nisei male. 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Born August 5, 1924, in Sacramento, California. Grew up in Sacramento and Los Angeles. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, and transferred to the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Washington representative and researcher for National Council for Japanese American Redress (NCJAR) and primary archival researcher for the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC), and the three coram nobis cases. Consultant to the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History exhibition. \"A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the United States Constitution\"; and consultant for the Justice Department's Office of Redress Administration.<p>(This interview was conducted at the Voices of Japanese American Redress Conference, held on the UCLA campus and sponsored by the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Because of the full conference schedule, our interviews were limited to one hour. The interviews therefore focused primarily on a single topic, namely, the narrator's role in the redress movement.)","extent":"00:55:52","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-16","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":18,"namepart":"Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Larry Hashima"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Glen Kitayama"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr009rk47","namepart":"Miyazaki, Aiko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"University of CA, Los Angeles","creation":"September 11, 1997","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga narrator \nLarry Hashima interviewer \nGlen Kitayama interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Miyazaki, Aiko 88922nr009rk47","download_large":"denshovh-haiko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-54","model":"entity","index":"4 2104/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-54/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-54/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mhenry-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mhenry-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Henry Miyatake Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born April 28, 1929, in Seattle, Washington. Incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Had some key childhood experiences with discrimination that made him a self-described, \"independent thinker,\" and later, an influential figure in the Japanese American community. While a teenager in camp, he wrote and defended an essay criticizing the United States' treatment of racial minorities. His teacher refused to accept his paper, resulting in a failed grade and preventing him from graduating. Postwar, served in the U.S. Counterintelligence Corps, where he was privy to classified documents detailing the placement of spies in the incarceration camps. After leaving the military, he worked at the Boeing Company, where he fought against discriminatory workplace practices. He was also one of the earliest proponents of redress, doing the research, planning, and organizing for the \"Seattle plan,\" the first highly developed plan for obtaining redress from the U.S. government for the WWII incarceration of the Japanese American community.","extent":"01:41:27","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-54","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":59,"namepart":"Henry Miyatake"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr005rx3r","namepart":"Miyatake, Jiro Henry"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"May 4, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Henry Miyatake narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Miyatake, Jiro Henry 88922nr005rx3r","download_large":"denshovh-mhenry-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1002-8","model":"entity","index":"5 2105/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1002-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1002-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-haiko-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-haiko-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Aiko Herzig Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born August 5, 1924, in Sacramento, California. Grew up in Sacramento and Los Angeles. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, and transferred to the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Washington representative and researcher for National Council for Japanese American Redress (NCJAR) and primary archival researcher for Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC), the three <i>coram nobis</i> cases. Consultant to the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History exhibition. \"A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the United States Constitution\"; and consultant for the Justice Department's Office of Redress Administration.<p>(This interview was conducted by sisters Emiko and Chizuko Omori for their 1999 documentary,<i> Rabbit in the Moon</i>, about the Japanese American resisters of conscience in the World War II incarceration camps. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:52:29","links_children":"ddr-densho-1002-8","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":18,"namepart":"Herzig-Yoshinaga, Aiko"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emiko Omori"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Chizu Omori"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Emiko Omori and Witt Mons"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr009rk47","namepart":"Miyazaki, Aiko"}],"contributor":"Emiko and Chizuko Omori Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"March 20, 1994","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Herzig-Yoshinaga, Aiko narrator \nEmiko Omori interviewer \nChizu Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori and Witt Mons videographer Miyazaki, Aiko 88922nr009rk47","download_large":"denshovh-haiko-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-468-203","model":"entity","index":"6 2106/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-468-203/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-468-203/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-468/ddr-densho-468-203-mezzanine-3a8a3dc675-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-468/ddr-densho-468-203-mezzanine-3a8a3dc675-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Joseph Ishikawa to Bill Becker","description":"Update on requirements to add Norman Thomas to state ballot and efforts to establish Socialist Party in Nebraska.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-468-203","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi"},{"namepart":"Thomas, Norman"},{"namepart":"Smith, Tucker P."},{"namepart":"Becker, William \"Bill\""},{"namepart":"Nebraskans for Norman Thomas"},{"namepart":"Socialist Party of the United States of America"},{"namepart":"Fleming, David"},{"namepart":"Baich, Hank"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Lincoln, Nebraska","creation":"July 20, 1948","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi author Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi \nThomas, Norman \nSmith, Tucker P. \nBecker, William \"Bill\" \nNebraskans for Norman Thomas \nSocialist Party of the United States of America \nFleming, David \nBaich, Hank","download_large":"ddr-densho-468-203-mezzanine-3a8a3dc675-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-318","model":"entity","index":"7 2107/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-318/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-318/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-318-mezzanine-a0a9aea4bb-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-318-mezzanine-a0a9aea4bb-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Ai Chih Tsai to Ai-jin","description":"Exchange news. Ai Chih Tsai wrote to Chungking about getting a Chinese passport. Ryo (Morikawa) Tsai and Ai Chih Tsai are working on business contacts and possibilities for Ai-jin and contacting church boards and government officials to raise funds for educational activities in Formosa. Ai Chih Tsai needs financial help. Will send money to Chiong-hui's siblings for him.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-318","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation","id":"340"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Jin"},{"namepart":"Dowie, Kenneth"},{"namepart":"Embassy of the Republic of China in the United States"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","creation":"February 3, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ai Chih author Tsai, Ai Chih \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nTsai, Ai Jin \nDowie, Kenneth \nEmbassy of the Republic of China in the United States \nUniversity of Chicago","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-318-mezzanine-a0a9aea4bb-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-468-207","model":"entity","index":"8 2108/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-468-207/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-468-207/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-468/ddr-densho-468-207-mezzanine-91c3b336f4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-468/ddr-densho-468-207-mezzanine-91c3b336f4-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Joseph Ishikawa to Harry Fleischman","description":"Update on attempts to add Norman Thomas to ballot in Nebraska with request for assistance.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-468-207","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi"},{"namepart":"Thomas, Norman"},{"namepart":"Becker, William \"Bill\""},{"namepart":"Fleischman, Harry"},{"namepart":"Nebraskans for Norman Thomas"},{"namepart":"American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)"},{"namepart":"Socialist Party of the United States of America"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Lincoln, Nebraska","creation":"July 8, 1948","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi author Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi \nThomas, Norman \nBecker, William \"Bill\" \nFleischman, Harry \nNebraskans for Norman Thomas \nAmerican Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) \nSocialist Party of the United States of America","download_large":"ddr-densho-468-207-mezzanine-91c3b336f4-a.jpg"},{"id":"182","model":"narrator","index":"9 2109/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/182/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/182/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/scharles.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/scharles.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/182/interviews/"},"display_name":"Charles Z. Smith","bio":"Born February 23, 1927, in Lakeland, Florida. Left home at age fourteen to live under the educational supervision of Dr. William H. Gray, Jr., attended Florida A & M, and graduated with a degree in business administration from Temple University. Graduated from University of Washington Law School in 1955, then served as law clerk for Supreme Court Justice Matthew W. Hill. Worked as both deputy prosecuting attorney for King County and in private law practice, before moving to Washington, D.C., to take position as Special Assistant to the Attorney General of the United States in the legal field. Justice Smith was appointed to the Washington State Supreme Court in 1988, where he served until his retirement in 2002. Justice Smith received the University of Washington Law School's Distinguished Alumnus Award in 1990, and was appointed by President Clinton to the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom in 1999. He has also won the Asian Bar Association's Judge of the Year award as well as the Lifetime Service Award from the Washington State Bar Association. During his long and illustrious career, Justice Smith has served on the boards of several Asian American community organizations, and worked on behalf of immigrants' rights."},{"id":"1018","model":"narrator","index":"10 2110/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1018/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1018/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-528_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-528_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1018/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Abe","bio":"Sansei male. Born 1951 in Cleveland, Ohio. During World War II, father was incarcerated the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentratin camp, Wyoming. Mother came to the United States from Japan in 1950. Frank grew up in Cleveland, where his parents owned a boarding house. Earned a B.A. in theater directing from the University of California at Santa Cruz and received professional actors' training at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco. An original member of the Asian American Theater Workshop in San Francisco. Helped organize the first Day of Remembrance event in Seattle in 1978. Instrumental in creating the National Council for Japanese American Redress in Seattle. Worked as a reporter for KIRO Newsradio in Seattle, and was the co-founder of the Seattle chapter of the Asian American Journalists Association. Later worked as Director of Communications for the King County Executive in Seattle. Filmmaker who made the documentary Conscience and the Constitution with Shannon Gee, author of JOHN OKADA: The Life & Rediscovered Work of the Author of No-No Boy, and lead author of the graphic novel, We Hereby Refuse."},{"id":"ddr-densho-468-158","model":"entity","index":"11 2111/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-468-158/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-468-158/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-468/ddr-densho-468-158-mezzanine-244668ea60-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-468/ddr-densho-468-158-mezzanine-244668ea60-a.jpg"},"title":"Nonfiction manuscript: \"Road to Freedom\" with submission letter and rejection letter","description":"Manuscript of nonfiction narrative describing experience as Japanese-American seeking student leave from World War II incarceration. The manuscript incorporates letters to various college admission staff. Page one is a submission letter to the Yale Review. Page two is a rejection slip.","extent":"8.5W x 11H; 5.5W x 8.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-468-158","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Rostow, Eugene V."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"Arts and literature -- Literary arts -- Nonfiction","id":"244"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Student leave","id":"102"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi"},{"namepart":"Rostow, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor)"},{"namepart":"Yale University"},{"namepart":"Thomas, Norman"},{"namepart":"Wimberley, Lowry C."},{"namepart":"Stepanek, O. (Orin)"},{"namepart":"University of Nebraska"},{"namepart":"National Japanese American Student Relocation Council"},{"namepart":"University of California, Los Angeles"},{"namepart":"United States, War Department"},{"namepart":"United States, Navy"},{"namepart":"University of Colorado"},{"namepart":"Duggan, Helen G."},{"namepart":"State University of Iowa"},{"namepart":"Cornell University"},{"namepart":"University of Minnesota"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago"},{"namepart":"Richards, Ray"},{"namepart":"Lovett, Robert Morss"},{"namepart":"Goss, R. W. (Robert Whitmore)"},{"namepart":"Seashore, Carl E. (Carl Emil)"},{"namepart":"Sabine, George Holland"},{"namepart":"Conard, Joseph W."},{"namepart":"Longueil, Alfred E."},{"namepart":"Rolfe, Franklin P. (Franklin Prescott)"},{"namepart":"King, Trudy"},{"namepart":"Ishikawa, Henry \"Hank\" Jinichi"},{"namepart":"Drew, Robert"},{"namepart":"United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"manuscript","location":"Lincoln, Nebraska","facility":[{"term":"Santa Anita","id":"23"},{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"January 22, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi author \nRostow, Eugene V. author Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi \nRostow, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor) \nYale University \nThomas, Norman \nWimberley, Lowry C. \nStepanek, O. (Orin) \nUniversity of Nebraska \nNational Japanese American Student Relocation Council \nUniversity of California, Los Angeles \nUnited States, War Department \nUnited States, Navy \nUniversity of Colorado \nDuggan, Helen G. \nState University of Iowa \nCornell University \nUniversity of Minnesota \nUniversity of Chicago \nRichards, Ray \nLovett, Robert Morss \nGoss, R. W. (Robert Whitmore) \nSeashore, Carl E. (Carl Emil) \nSabine, George Holland \nConard, Joseph W. \nLongueil, Alfred E. \nRolfe, Franklin P. (Franklin Prescott) \nKing, Trudy \nIshikawa, Henry \"Hank\" Jinichi \nDrew, Robert \nUnited States, Federal Bureau of Investigation","download_large":"ddr-densho-468-158-mezzanine-244668ea60-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-483-136","model":"entity","index":"12 2112/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-483-136/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-483-136/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-483/ddr-densho-483-136-mezzanine-bae3582c8a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-483/ddr-densho-483-136-mezzanine-bae3582c8a-a.jpg"},"title":"Ben Kuroki's Story","description":"Pamphlet of a speech delivered by Technical Sergeant Ben Kuroki, U.S. Air Force, to the Commonwealth Club in San Francisco on January 4, 1944 published by the Pacific Coast Committee on American Principles and Fair Play.","extent":"5.25W x 7.75H (closed); 10.375W x 7.75H","links_children":"ddr-densho-483-136","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Ben Kuroki"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Pacific Coast Committee on American Principles and Fair Play"}],"topics":[{"term":"Race and racism -- Cross-racial relations","id":"38"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Airborne troops","id":"540"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Kuroki, Ben"},{"namepart":"Pacific Coast Committee on American Principles and Fair Play"},{"namepart":"Commonwealth Club in San Francisco"},{"namepart":"United States Air Force"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"pamphlet","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"January 4, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ben Kuroki author \nPacific Coast Committee on American Principles and Fair Play publisher Kuroki, Ben \nPacific Coast Committee on American Principles and Fair Play \nCommonwealth Club in San Francisco \nUnited States Air Force","download_large":"ddr-densho-483-136-mezzanine-bae3582c8a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1021-10","model":"entity","index":"13 2113/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1021-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1021-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-10-2-mezzanine-713f944319-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-10-2-mezzanine-713f944319-a.jpg"},"title":"Donald K. Tamaki Interview","description":"Born in 1951, Donald K. Tamaki spent his formative years in the era of the African American and Asian American civil rights movements. He studied at the Asian American Studies program at University of California, Berkeley, and became a lawyer inspired by the significant social and political changes of the 1970s. In the early 1980s, he joined the legal effort to overturn Fred Korematsu,  Gordon Hirabayashi and Minoru Yasui cases. Tamaki also served as the Executive Director of the Asian Law Caucus that served low-income clients in the Bay Area. It was around this time that he became involved with US survivors. He felt that these survivors were important living witnesses to the nuclear destruction, and as such, they would be able to encourage more people to support nuclear-free world. He joined Friends of Hibakusha, a group that supports US hibakusha, and assisted media publicity of the biannual medical checkups of American survivors conducted by Japanese physicians. He says that these medical checkups are not only for spreading anti-nuclear messages, but also for collecting scientific data on hibakusha. Tamaki also states that the overall lack of universal health care in the United States was one of the reasons why US survivors' effort in the 1970s to gain the US government's recognition and free medical treatment for their radiation illnesses failed. The US justification for the use of the atomic bombs, too, was the contributing factor. The interview contains his thoughts on interethnic collaborations, importance of shifting the political \"middle,\" military necessity and national security, and nuclear threats.","extent":"1:12:12","links_children":"ddr-densho-1021-10","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":370,"namepart":"Donald K. Tamaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Naoko Wake"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"27-Sep-15","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Donald K. Tamaki narrator \nNaoko Wake interviewer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1021-10-2-mezzanine-713f944319-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1021-3","model":"entity","index":"14 2114/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1021-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1021-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-3-1-mezzanine-701b9f69a1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-3-1-mezzanine-701b9f69a1-a.jpg"},"title":"Keiko Shinmoto Interview","description":"Keiko Shinmoto's father migrated from Hiroshima to Portland, Oregon, where his brother was an owner of a grocery store. After returning to Hiroshima to see his ailing father, Keiko's father found it impossible to return to America as his mother hid his passport to keep him in Japan. Shortly, Keiko's mother joined him in Hiroshima, also her hometown. Unlike her eight older siblings, then, Keiko was born in Japan, in 1936. She recalls the challenge of being sent to the countryside at the age of eight as part of shudan sokai, a wartime program for children aiming to protect the youth from fire bombings in cities. The food shortage and black market called yamiichi that flourished after the war, too, left Keiko a strong impression. She is a nyushi survivor, as she was exposed to radiation by walking through the city of Hiroshima three days after the bombing. She lost one of her older sisters to the bomb. She came to the United States in 1960 with a help of her US-born brother, by then living in Los Angeles. She relearned English from her father who was also back in the United States and in the area at that time. Keiko attended a technical college to study design while working as a \"schoolgirl\" and worked briefly in Beverly Hills as a dressmaker before she married Nisei from Stockton. A former prisoner of the Gila River War Relocation Center, he worked as a mechanic at Chevrolet after the war and became an owner of a car repair shop. Keiko helped the shop's book keeping, while she also raised two children and worked at a grocery store in order to pay for her health insurance. At the time of the interview, Keiko had just joined a biannual medical checkup conducted by Hiroshima physicians in San Francisco for the first time because of the encouragement by another US survivor. After her husband passed away in 1998, she has been enjoying talking with her children, going to a Buddhist church in Stockton, and keeping in touch with her Nisei friends.","extent":"1:38:22","links_children":"ddr-densho-1021-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":965,"namepart":"Keiko Shinmoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Naoko Wake"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Stockton, California","creation":"25-Jul-11","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Keiko Shinmoto narrator \nNaoko Wake interviewer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1021-3-1-mezzanine-701b9f69a1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1021-4","model":"entity","index":"15 2115/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1021-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1021-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-4-1-mezzanine-b8f1186525-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-4-1-mezzanine-b8f1186525-a.jpg"},"title":"Matsuko Hayashi Interview","description":"Born in 1921 in Parlier in Fresno County, California, Matsuko Hayashi (pseudonym) grew up as the second oldest of the eight children of a first-generation immigrant who had come to the United States as a sixteen years old, and his wife who had come as a \"picture bride.\" They raised grapes on three farms that Matsuko's father and his brother had bought. She remembers her father's affection for the family and his dedication to Buddhism, and how busy her mother was raising children. They hired Mexican laborers and operated their business successfully, winning many blue ribbons for their products at state fairs. Matsuko recalls how the family enjoyed going to camping at Yosemite, and how she went to a Japanese school on Saturdays and Sundays, which she found not effective in teaching her Japanese. As for the American school that she attended on weekdays, she recalls how her teachers were prejudiced against the Japanese. When she went to Japan in 1940, she felt her Japanese classmates were biased against Americans like herself. She and other Nisei at her school in Hiroshima spoke in English, making their Japanese classmate believe that the American students were bad-mouthing their Japanese peers. On August 8, 1945, she was injured and lost consciousness after the bombing, but she survived with the help of her Nisei friend that she knew from a sewing school she had attended in Hiroshima. She lost one of her sisters to the bombing, whom her family was able to identify only because of the white nametag she wore. After losing her Japanese husband to the war, Matsuko came back to the United States in 1947, went to a drapery school and worked in Hollywood as a dressmaker, and was remarried to a Nisei who had been a \"no-no-boy\" in Tule Lake and expressed no concern about the fact that Matsuko is a survivor. As a dedicated Buddhist, Matsuko spent her married life focusing on raising family and working at a nursery, and interacted with other US survivors only occasionally. She feels that being attacked by the bomb was like being hit by tsunami; it was shikata ga nai (It couldn't be helped).","extent":"1:23:29","links_children":"ddr-densho-1021-4","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":966,"namepart":"Matsuko Hayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Naoko Wake"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","creation":"3-Jun-12","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Matsuko Hayashi narrator \nNaoko Wake interviewer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1021-4-1-mezzanine-b8f1186525-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-4-809","model":"entity","index":"16 2116/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-4-809/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-4-809/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-809-master-b504256950-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-809-master-b504256950-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese Boy Scout leader with Honolulu Boy Scout leaders","description":"Caption on reverse: \"JAPAN SCOUT LEADER VISITS HERE: Eagle Scout Arthur K. Goto of Honolulu's Explorer Post 82 is shown wishing Count Yorihiro Matsudaira, president of the Boy Scouts Council of Kagawa prefecture, Japan, godspeed as he left aboard a Pan American plane for Tokyo following a two-day visit in Honolulu a week ago last Saturday, as Andy Groenink, deputy scout executive of the Honolulu Boy Scouts Council and Eagle Scout Richard Y. Mitsunaga of Troop 10, Honolulu, look on. Count Matsudaira was enroute home from an extended visit in the United States during which he was a leader of the delegation of 22 Japanese Boy Scouts to the National Jamboree of the Boy Scouts of America held at the Irvine Ranch in southern California in July and later spent a month at the Schiff Scout reservation in New Jersey attending the national training school for scout executives. He also visited the national office of the Boys Scouts of America in New York City  where he was entertained by Arthur A. Schuck, chief scout executive.--(Masao Miyamoto photo).\"","extent":"2W x 1.75H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-4-809","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Miyamoto, Masao"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Groenink, Andy"},{"namepart":"Matsudaira, Yorihiro"},{"namepart":"Goto, Arthur K."},{"namepart":"Mitsunaga, Richard Y."}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Honolulu, Hawai'i","creation":"c. 1940s-1950s","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Miyamoto, Masao photographer Groenink, Andy \nMatsudaira, Yorihiro \nGoto, Arthur K. \nMitsunaga, Richard Y.","download_large":"ddr-njpa-4-809-master-b504256950-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-27-8","model":"entity","index":"17 2117/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-27-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-27-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-27/ddr-csujad-27-8-mezzanine-20993d838c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-27/ddr-csujad-27-8-mezzanine-20993d838c-a.jpg"},"title":"Indonesian men at the immigration detention facility in San Francisco waiting to be transported to the immigration detention facility in Crystal City, Texas","description":"Caption found with the image reads, \"After several weeks of action in the U.S. District Court, and an appeal to the Circuit Court of Appeals and to the Supreme Court, an order was obtained for removal of the Indonesians from the immigration detention quarters, San Francisco, to the immigration Detention Facility at Crystal City, Texas. Here the Indonesians are on the ground floor awaiting arrival of buses to take them to the Southern Pacific railroad where they boarded cars and were taken, under guard, to Crystal City. They are still held in Crystal City (Jan.10.1947) [sic] awaiting final outcome of the appeal to the Supreme Court, whereby they seek to kill the immigration order of deposition, so that they may remain in the United States.\" The image shows a packed room full of men in suits. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/7898\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ind_01_01_006</a>","extent":"black and white, 7.5 x 10 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-27-8","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Francisco","id":"273"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Expatriation/repatriation/deportation","id":"107"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-27-8-mezzanine-20993d838c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-758","model":"entity","index":"18 2118/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-758/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-758/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-758-mezzanine-9387151fd6-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-758-mezzanine-9387151fd6-a.jpg"},"title":"Reinstitution of selective service","description":"Booklet titled: Reinstitution of selective service: summary of the policies of the selective service system, War Department, and W. R. A. which affect Nisei. Contents include: Americanism is a matter of the mind and heart; Statement of principles; Selective service training and service act of 1940 as amended; Selective service policy; Induction of United States citizens of Japanese ancestry; Classifications; Classification procedure; Preinduction physical examination; Appeals; Occupational deferments; Agricultural deferments; List of essential activities; Student deferments; Call for induction; Our fight for equal rights; War Department policy; Enlisted reserve corps; Camp Savage; Army specialized training program; Dependency benefits; Allotments of pay, U.S. Army pay; Women's Army Corps; Insurance benefits; Mothers of American Citizens of Japanese Descent request that civil rights be restored to their children; and The War Relocation Authority is firmly committed to the principle that American children should not be penalized for accidents of ancestry. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sac_jaac_0760</a>","extent":"33 pages; 10.5 x 8 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-758","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Citizens Committee of Topaz"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"Military service -- Enlisting and recruiting","id":"541"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Delta, Utah","facility":[{"term":"Topaz (Central Utah)","id":"1"}],"creation":"1944-06","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Citizens Committee of Topaz publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-758-mezzanine-9387151fd6-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1002-7","model":"entity","index":"19 2119/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1002-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1002-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-uharry-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-uharry-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Harry Ueno Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born April 14, 1907, in Pauilo, Hawaii. Lived in Japan from 1915 to 1923, and settled on the mainland upon his return to the United States. Was married in 1930, and was removed along with family to Manzanar concentration camp, California, during World War II. While in Manzanar, organized the Mess Hall Workers Union. Accused of beating up a suspected government informant and was placed in jail, sparking the so-called \"Manzanar Riot.\" Was moved to various jails and the Citizen Isolation Centers Leupp, Arizona, and Moab, Utah, before being reunited with his family in Tule Lake Segregation Center. After release from camp, moved to the Santa Clara Valley, raised three children, and became a farmer.<p>(This interview was conducted by sisters Emiko and Chizuko Omori for their 1999 documentary,<i> Rabbit in the Moon</i>, about the Japanese American resisters of conscience in the World War II incarceration camps. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"03:58:49","links_children":"ddr-densho-1002-7","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":141,"namepart":"Harry Ueno"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emiko Omori"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Emiko Omori and Witt Mons"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr012m793","namepart":"Ueno, Harry Yoshiyo"}],"contributor":"Emiko and Chizuko Omori Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Mateo, California","creation":"February 18, 1994","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Harry Ueno narrator \nEmiko Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori and Witt Mons videographer Ueno, Harry Yoshiyo 88922nr012m793","download_large":"denshovh-uharry-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-321","model":"entity","index":"20 2120/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-321/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-321/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-321-mezzanine-a761ef3296-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-321-mezzanine-a761ef3296-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Ryo Tsai to Elder Brother-in-Law","description":"Warm greetings until we meet. Ai Chih Tsai and Ryo (Morikawa) Tsai met with Commander Dowie, Lt. Kerr, and J. Dickson of Canadian Mission Board in D.C.. Dickson is very enthusiastic about Ai Chih Tsai's plans. Ryo asked that printed literature with details of the plan (buildings, cost, location, mission, current board members, etc. ) would help Ai Chih Tsai raise money in US.","extent":"8W x 10.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-321","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"}],"topics":[{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Dowie, Kenneth"},{"namepart":"Kerr, George \"Jack\" H."},{"namepart":"Dickson, James"},{"namepart":"Presbyterian Church in Canada Board of Foreign Ministers"},{"namepart":"United States Department of Commerce"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Washington, District of Columbia","creation":"February 23, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) author Tsai, Ai Chih \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nDowie, Kenneth \nKerr, George \"Jack\" H. \nDickson, James \nPresbyterian Church in Canada Board of Foreign Ministers \nUnited States Department of Commerce","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-321-mezzanine-a761ef3296-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-483-100","model":"entity","index":"21 2121/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-483-100/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-483-100/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-483/ddr-densho-483-100-mezzanine-600e5c3efd-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-483/ddr-densho-483-100-mezzanine-600e5c3efd-a.jpg"},"title":"Scrapbook of newspaper clipping","description":"Loose scrapbook pages containing newspaper and magazine clipping, a press release, and a speech transcript. Selected article titles: Seattle Post-Intelligencer: \"Seattle Japs return home\" (p. 1), \"The National Director speaks to residents\" (p. 2), \"237 Bainbridge Japs leave, head south\" (p. 3), \"No refunds for japs, says city\" (p. 4), \"Sad farewells while troops stand by\" (p. 4), \"Tears, smiles mingle as Japs bid Bainbridge farewell\" (p. 4), \"Order 'freezes' aliens on coast\" (p. 4), Seattle Times: \"Evacuation scenes -:- sad farewells\" (p. 5), \"Tears, smiles mingle as Japs bid Bainbridge farewell\" (p. 5), \"Bainbridge Island Japanese go south\" (p. 6), Seattle Post-Intelligencer: \"Bainbridge Japs leave\" (p. 7), \"221 quit homes in first evacuation\" (p. 7), \"Worthy to bear arms and die but not to grow tomatoes!\" (p. 9), \"Wise men still look to Bethlehem\" (p. 15), \"President Roosevelt's promise must be fulfilled!\" (p. 17), \"A lesson in understanding\" (p. 24), Letters to the editor of Bainbridge Review (p. 25), \"Army ban revocation 'excites' evacuees who delay decision to return\" (p. 26), \"Schuyler charges 'smear' as review is hit again: 34 attend 'anti-Jap' meet\" (p. 27), \"Race and Racism\" press release with text of speech (p. 32-41), \"Army ships 227 to camps in California\" (p. 42), \"Steel center on Hokkaido new target\" (p. 43), \"Florists spurn his flowers, says U.S.-born Japanese\" (p. 43), \"Our 110,000 New Boarders\" (p. 45), Seattle Post-Intelligencer: \"Frozen money worries Japanese\" (p. 49)","extent":"pages: 9.75W x 13.625H; clipping: various sizes","links_children":"ddr-densho-483-100","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\") -- Preparation","id":"189"},{"term":"World War II -- Non-incarcerated Japanese Americans","id":"54"},{"term":"World War II -- Economic losses","id":"59"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Returning home","id":"106"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers","id":"61"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Mass media","id":"391"},{"term":"Japan -- During World War II","id":"164"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Bainbridge Island","id":"291"}],"format":"doc","persons":[{"namepart":"100th Infantry Battalion of the United States"},{"namepart":"442nd Infantry Battalion of the United States"},{"namepart":"Arota, Ebaristo"},{"namepart":"Arota, Miko"},{"namepart":"Bainbridge Island Review"},{"namepart":"DeWitt, John L."},{"namepart":"First Japanese Baptist Church"},{"namepart":"Fukushima, Jun"},{"namepart":"Fukuyama, Tsutomi \"Tom\""},{"namepart":"Hashimoto, Shozo"},{"namepart":"Hayashi, Mary"},{"namepart":"Hayashida, Hiroshi"},{"namepart":"Hayashida, Toyoko"},{"namepart":"Hayashida, Yasuko"},{"namepart":"Hirakawa, K."},{"namepart":"Japanese Baptist Church (Winslow, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Japanese Buddhist Temple"},{"namepart":"Katayama, Yoshio"},{"namepart":"Kawachi, Gary"},{"namepart":"Kawachi, George"},{"namepart":"Kawachi, Jean"},{"namepart":"Kawachi, Ted"},{"namepart":"Kawaguchi, John"},{"namepart":"Kayomo, John"},{"namepart":"Kikuchi, Tomayaki"},{"namepart":"Kimoshita, Francis"},{"namepart":"Kirakawa, Kihachi"},{"namepart":"Kitayama Greenhouse and Gardens"},{"namepart":"Kitayama, Ted"},{"namepart":"Koura, Arthuir"},{"namepart":"Koura, Florence"},{"namepart":"Koura, Kenso"},{"namepart":"Koura, Sachiko"},{"namepart":"Lipphard, William B."},{"namepart":"Makamura, William"},{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Carrie"},{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Mary"},{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Suma"},{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Tom"},{"namepart":"McEvoy, J. P."},{"namepart":"Moji, Y."},{"namepart":"Myer, Dillon S."},{"namepart":"Nagano, Florence"},{"namepart":"Nagano, Paul"},{"namepart":"Nagatagawa, Clifford"},{"namepart":"Nagatani, F. O."},{"namepart":"Nagatani, Ichiro"},{"namepart":"Nakagawa, Charles"},{"namepart":"Nakagawa, Henry"},{"namepart":"Nakata, John"},{"namepart":"Nakata, M."},{"namepart":"Nishimira, Kejo"},{"namepart":"Okazaki, H."},{"namepart":"Omodera, Fumi"},{"namepart":"Omoto, M."},{"namepart":"Omoto, Sadayoshi"},{"namepart":"Onedera, Saturo"},{"namepart":"Powell, Sidney W."},{"namepart":"Roosevelt, Franklin Delano"},{"namepart":"Sakai, Yacko"},{"namepart":"Sawada, George"},{"namepart":"Scavvoto, James"},{"namepart":"Schuyler, Lambert"},{"namepart":"Stafford, H. L."},{"namepart":"Sumitomo Bank"},{"namepart":"Suyamatsu, Akio"},{"namepart":"Suyematsu, Isamu"},{"namepart":"Takayoshi, Takato"},{"namepart":"Takemoto, Tami"},{"namepart":"Tamaka, Matusaburo"},{"namepart":"Terashita, Henry"},{"namepart":"Terashita, Hideo"},{"namepart":"Terashita, Masao"},{"namepart":"Thomas, W. C."},{"namepart":"United States Army Nurse Corps"},{"namepart":"United States Army"},{"namepart":"United States War Relocation Authority"},{"namepart":"Yamasaki, Masao"},{"namepart":"Yukawa, Sumio"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"album","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"status":"completed","search_hidden":"100th Infantry Battalion of the United States \n442nd Infantry Battalion of the United States \nArota, Ebaristo \nArota, Miko \nBainbridge Island Review \nDeWitt, John L. \nFirst Japanese Baptist Church \nFukushima, Jun \nFukuyama, Tsutomi \"Tom\" \nHashimoto, Shozo \nHayashi, Mary \nHayashida, Hiroshi \nHayashida, Toyoko \nHayashida, Yasuko \nHirakawa, K. \nJapanese Baptist Church (Winslow, Wash.) \nJapanese Buddhist Temple \nKatayama, Yoshio \nKawachi, Gary \nKawachi, George \nKawachi, Jean \nKawachi, Ted \nKawaguchi, John \nKayomo, John \nKikuchi, Tomayaki \nKimoshita, Francis \nKirakawa, Kihachi \nKitayama Greenhouse and Gardens \nKitayama, Ted \nKoura, Arthuir \nKoura, Florence \nKoura, Kenso \nKoura, Sachiko \nLipphard, William B. \nMakamura, William \nMatsumoto, Carrie \nMatsumoto, Mary \nMatsumoto, Suma \nMatsumoto, Tom \nMcEvoy, J. P. \nMoji, Y. \nMyer, Dillon S. \nNagano, Florence \nNagano, Paul \nNagatagawa, Clifford \nNagatani, F. O. \nNagatani, Ichiro \nNakagawa, Charles \nNakagawa, Henry \nNakata, John \nNakata, M. \nNishimira, Kejo \nOkazaki, H. \nOmodera, Fumi \nOmoto, M. \nOmoto, Sadayoshi \nOnedera, Saturo \nPowell, Sidney W. \nRoosevelt, Franklin Delano \nSakai, Yacko \nSawada, George \nScavvoto, James \nSchuyler, Lambert \nStafford, H. L. \nSumitomo Bank \nSuyamatsu, Akio \nSuyematsu, Isamu \nTakayoshi, Takato \nTakemoto, Tami \nTamaka, Matusaburo \nTerashita, Henry \nTerashita, Hideo \nTerashita, Masao \nThomas, W. C. \nUnited States Army Nurse Corps \nUnited States Army \nUnited States War Relocation Authority \nYamasaki, Masao \nYukawa, Sumio","download_large":"ddr-densho-483-100-mezzanine-600e5c3efd-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-372-6","model":"entity","index":"22 2122/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-372-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-372-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-372/ddr-densho-372-6-mezzanine-d78cca956b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-372/ddr-densho-372-6-mezzanine-d78cca956b-a.jpg"},"title":"American Concentration Camps VOLUME 6 June, 1942- December, 1942","description":"Volume 6 divides into six sections. Description about this volume reads directly from the book as follows: Section 1 presents archival documents from June 1942 that show the first major modifications of relocation policies and depict the resistance by Western Defense Command to any amelioration of the condition of the Japanese Americans. Section 2 contains selected pages from a Congressional Record from June 22, 1942 which debates a bill to authorize the incarceration of any person of Japanese ancestry anywhere in the United States or its territories is but one more example of the willingness of some members of Congress to go farther than the executive branch was willing to go. Section 3 features archival documents from July 1942 that show the increasing uneasiness of officials in the interior western states to which Japanese Americans were being shipped. Section 4 features Reports of Civilian Agencies to the Wartime Civil Control Administration from June 1942. These largely self-congratulatory reports, produced by agencies, assisted the Army in the process of getting the Japanese Americans into camp \"humanely.\" Section 5 features a collection of documents from the Army Inspections of Assembly Centers from July 1942 that demonstrates that the living and sanitary conditions that prevailed in the Army-run Assembly Centers were often deficient. Section 6 presents archival documents from August 1942 to December 1942 that attempt to justify the relocation. Section 7 includes a Digest of Newspaper Editorials by Western Defense Command from January 31, 1942 to December 9, 1942 which support Western Defense command policies and some press for even more stringent measures against the Japanese Americans.","extent":"1 book: 8.75W x 11.25H","links_children":"ddr-densho-372-6","creators":[{"role":"Editor","namepart":"Daniels, Roger"}],"topics":[{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Cross-racial relations","id":"38"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Stereotypes","id":"161"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers","id":"61"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"206"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers -- Living conditions","id":"62"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Responses of non-Japanese Americans","id":"53"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"North and Central America","id":"332"},{"term":"United States","id":"1"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"book","creation":"c. 1989","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Daniels, Roger Editor","download_large":"ddr-densho-372-6-mezzanine-d78cca956b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-414","model":"entity","index":"23 2123/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-414/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-414/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-414-mezzanine-79b2682e39-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-414-mezzanine-79b2682e39-a.jpg"},"title":"Carbon copy letter from Ai Chih Tsai to J.Y. Lai","description":"Responding to Mr. Lai's letter about the history of Christians in Taiwan. (3 pages)","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-414","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"}],"topics":[{"term":"Japan -- Pre-World War II","id":"163"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Diego","id":"487"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Naturalization","id":"176"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"Military service -- Post-World War II service","id":"297"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Lai, J.Y."},{"namepart":"University of Chicago Divinity School"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Li"},{"namepart":"Doshisha Daigaku"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Jin"},{"namepart":"Japanese Mutual Aid Society of Chicago"},{"namepart":"S.S. Taiyo Maru (passenger ship) / S.S. Cap Fiinisterre (ID 4051)"},{"namepart":"Japanese Church of Christ"},{"namepart":"Fourth Presbyterian Church"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Ayano (Hirahara)"},{"namepart":"Morikawa, Kenji"},{"namepart":"Morikawa, George Kiyoshi"},{"namepart":"United States. Navy"},{"namepart":"Columbia University"},{"namepart":"United States Department of War"},{"namepart":"United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)"},{"namepart":"United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)"},{"namepart":"Shackleton, Allan J."},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church"},{"namepart":"Keiro Northwest"},{"namepart":"Peace Corps Kenya"},{"namepart":"Seattle Public Schools"},{"namepart":"Aca Mercer Middle School"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago Divinity School"},{"namepart":"University of North Carolina"},{"namepart":"University of Minnesota"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, Henry"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, Mark Ming Chih"},{"namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Poe, Donald"},{"namepart":"Poe, Sarah LiHoa"},{"namepart":"Lee, Bisim (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Lee, Larry"},{"namepart":"Lee, Kristi"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Peter"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Joyce"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"March 24, 1985","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ai Chih author Tsai, Ai Chih \nLai, J.Y. \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nTsai, Ai Li \nDoshisha Daigaku \nTsai, Ai Jin \nJapanese Mutual Aid Society of Chicago \nS.S. Taiyo Maru (passenger ship) / S.S. Cap Fiinisterre (ID 4051) \nJapanese Church of Christ \nFourth Presbyterian Church \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) \nAyano (Hirahara) \nMorikawa, Kenji \nMorikawa, George Kiyoshi \nUnited States. Navy \nColumbia University \nUnited States Department of War \nUnited States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS) \nUnited Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) \nShackleton, Allan J. \nJapanese Congregational Church \nKeiro Northwest \nPeace Corps Kenya \nSeattle Public Schools \nAca Mercer Middle School \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nUniversity of North Carolina \nUniversity of Minnesota \nCaldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nCaldwell, Henry \nCaldwell, Mark Ming Chih \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) \nPoe, Donald \nPoe, Sarah LiHoa \nLee, Bisim (Tsai) \nLee, Larry \nLee, Kristi \nTsai, Peter \nTsai, Joyce","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-414-mezzanine-79b2682e39-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-7-9","model":"entity","index":"24 2124/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-7-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-7-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-9-mezzanine-458d97d88b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-9-mezzanine-458d97d88b-a.jpg"},"title":"WRA resettlement image","description":"Original WRA caption: It's suppertime for the kiddies and in their well-furnished, well-stocked kitchen Mrs. George Isoda, left, and Mrs. Masumi Kaneko, right, are preparing the evening meal for their children. With a pair of \"ohashis\", Mrs. Isoda is preparing a vegetable dish for her 2-1/2 -year-old son, Robin, on the left, while Mrs. Kaneko is giving her 2-1/2 -year-old son, Wayne, some eagerly-awaited sukiyaki. The Kanekos and the Isodas live in a large 6-room, 2-story house in Milwaukee. The [unreadable] Isoda and Kaneko are sisters and with their husbands resettled together in Milwaukee. The Isodas, previously from Los Angeles where Isoda owned a service station, lived in Granada Relocation Center before coming to Milwaukee in April, 1943. The Kanekos lived in Seattle, Washington, where Mr. Masumi Kaneko was an auto salesman. They lived in Hunt Relocation Center before coming to Milwaukee in June, 1943, where Mr. Kaneko is a compositor for a printing company. Beginning in summer 1942, the War Relocation Authority (WRA) began to release incarcerees and encouraged them to resettle in areas of the United States other than the West Coast.","extent":"2128W x 1588H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-7-9","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Kaneko, Masumi"},{"namepart":"Kaneko, Wayne"},{"namepart":"Isoda, Robin"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Milwaukee, Wisconsin","creation":"1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kaneko, Masumi \nKaneko, Wayne \nIsoda, Robin","download_large":"ddr-densho-7-9-mezzanine-458d97d88b-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"United States","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}