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Graduated from Garfield High School, the University of Washington, and then the Pacific School of Religion where she earned a master's degree in religious education. At the outbreak of WWII, assisted Nikkei who lost their jobs and worked with the WRA to help those families trying to relocate inland before the mass removal. Incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, with husband who served as one of the camp's physicians. While incarcerated, worked on the student relocation and job leave programs. Maintained an active involvement in the Young Christian Women's Association throughout the war, and postwar. Resettled first in Spokane, than later in Seattle. After the war, became active in a myriad of organizations, including, the national PTA, American Association of University Women, League of Women's Voters, and King County Medical Society's women's organization."},{"id":"101","model":"narrator","index":"3 2078/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/101/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/101/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/uben.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/uben.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/101/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ben Uyeno","bio":"Nisei male. Born November 30, 1918, in Yakima, Washington. Spent two years of childhood in Japan. Returned to Seattle and became an active participant in Japanese American community life. Was attending the University of Washington when World War II started. Avoided incarceration with the help of the Friends (a Quaker organization), which hid him and helped him enroll in another university. He eventually entered medical school. Later he became a captain in the U.S. Army and served as a MASH doctor in Korea, where he was trained on one of the first kidney machines. Returned to Seattle and helped pioneer the first kidney dialysis program in the United States. Became the first Japanese American Chief of Staff at Providence Hospital in Seattle. Established a private practice that faithfully served the area's Japanese American community for thirty-two years. Helped establish and develop the Keiro nursing home (now operated as part of Nikkei Concerns)."},{"id":"ddr-one-5-157","model":"entity","index":"4 2079/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-157/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-157/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-157-mezzanine-6039e42a57-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-157-mezzanine-6039e42a57-a.jpg"},"title":"Duplicate of 2016.23.64","description":"Unsigned duplicate of 2016.23.64.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-157","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Everson, William, G."},{"role":"author","namepart":"Clark, Alfred E."},{"role":"author","namepart":"Scott, Leslie M."},{"role":"United States District Attorney","namepart":"Donaugh, Carl C."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Decision to incarcerate","id":"203"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Ken"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keisaburo"},{"namepart":"U.S. Department of Justice"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Japan","id":"108"},{"term":"Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Portland, Oregon","facility":[{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"}],"creation":"February 12, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Everson, William, G. author \nClark, Alfred E. author \nScott, Leslie M. author \nDonaugh, Carl C. 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Koyama is to testify on his behalf concerning his arrest and detention.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-111","creators":[{"role":"United States Attorney","namepart":"Donaugh, Carl C"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Keizaburo, Koyama"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Ken"},{"namepart":"Keisaburo, Koyama"},{"namepart":"Donaugh, Carl C."},{"namepart":"Immigration & Naturalization Service"},{"namepart":"Department of Justice"},{"namepart":"Alien Enemy Hearing Board"},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Portland, Oregon","creation":"January 20, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Donaugh, Carl C United States Attorney Keizaburo, Koyama \nKoyama, Ken \nKeisaburo, Koyama \nDonaugh, Carl C. \nImmigration & Naturalization Service \nDepartment of Justice \nAlien Enemy Hearing Board \nFederal Bureau of Investigation","download_large":"ddr-one-5-111-mezzanine-1c4778ffea-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-155","model":"entity","index":"6 2081/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-155/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-155/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-155-mezzanine-1d5d9c197f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-155-mezzanine-1d5d9c197f-a.jpg"},"title":"Department of Justice Alien Enemy Hearing Board Report and Recommendation page 3 of 4","description":"Photocopy of a declassified report detailing the reasoning behind the recommendation that Dr. Keizaburo Koyama be interned as an alien enemy. This page continues with the assessment of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce. The Chamber felt it was under FBI investigation in 1940 and someone there suggested they conduct their meetings in secret. The report states that Dr. Koyama took great interest in the organization and financially contributed more than required. Dr. Koyama adds that his dentist practice is one-half American, but he was reluctant to divulge his American acquaintances. Pertaining to his family, he said his son spent time at a Japanese language school, but no longer attends, but he is active with the Boy Scouts. Other than the Japanese Methodist Episcopal Church, the Oregon State Dental Society, and the Japanese Chamber of Commerce, Dr. Koyama belongs to no other organization. While Dr. Koyama made a good impression on the board, they felt he was not fully open with his answers.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-155","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Everson, William G."},{"role":"author","namepart":"Clark, Alfred E."},{"role":"author","namepart":"Scott, Leslie M."},{"role":"United States District Attorney","namepart":"Donaugh, Carl C."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Decision to incarcerate","id":"203"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Akiyama, Tomishichi"},{"namepart":"U.S. Department of Justice"},{"namepart":"Sokoku Kai"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Japan","id":"108"},{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Portland, Oregon","facility":[{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"}],"creation":"February 12, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Everson, William G. author \nClark, Alfred E. author \nScott, Leslie M. author \nDonaugh, Carl C. 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Form 67: Request and Authorization for Civilian Travel at Government Expense","description":"Travel Authorization for Ai Chih Tsai, Research Analyst, from Washington, D.C., to Camp Ritchie, MD, for 30 days.","extent":"8W x 10.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-171","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Mac Lean, Allan D."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"United States War Department Military Intelligence Service"},{"namepart":"Mac Lean, Col. Allan D."},{"namepart":"Hubbard, Lt. Col. J."},{"namepart":"Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David)"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Washington, District of Columbia","creation":"February 9, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mac Lean, Allan D. author Tsai, Ai Chih \nUnited States War Department Military Intelligence Service \nMac Lean, Col. Allan D. \nHubbard, Lt. Col. J. \nEisenhower, Dwight D. 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Request for Norman Thomas to speak at convention.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-468-218","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi"},{"namepart":"Thomas, Norman"},{"namepart":"Smith, Tucker P."},{"namepart":"Becker, William \"Bill\""},{"namepart":"Fleischman, Harry"},{"namepart":"Nebraskans for Norman Thomas"},{"namepart":"Socialist Party of the United States of America"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Lincoln, Nebraska","creation":"July 20, 1948","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi author Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi \nThomas, Norman \nSmith, Tucker P. \nBecker, William \"Bill\" \nFleischman, Harry \nNebraskans for Norman Thomas \nSocialist Party of the United States of America","download_large":"ddr-densho-468-218-mezzanine-e8ffaa794c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-483-67","model":"entity","index":"12 2087/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-483-67/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-483-67/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-483/ddr-densho-483-67-mezzanine-eb56d27eaa-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-483/ddr-densho-483-67-mezzanine-eb56d27eaa-a.jpg"},"title":"Form No. CL. 1: Claim for Damage to or Loss of Real or Personal Property by a Person of Japanese Ancestry","description":"Claim filed by Fukuyama family for damages and lost property during World War II incarceration. Claim filed for $1106. Approved for $829 on 11/1/25.","extent":"form: 8W x 13H; itemized losses continued: 8W x 11H; itemized loses total: 13W x 8.5H; envelope: 9.375W x 4.125H","links_children":"ddr-densho-483-67","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Fukuyama, Tsumi"}],"topics":[{"term":"Redress and reparations","id":"110"},{"term":"World War II -- Support from the non-Japanese American community","id":"80"},{"term":"World War II -- Economic losses","id":"59"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture","id":"6"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Hotel industry","id":"12"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015xm4f","namepart":"Fukuyama, Tsumu"},{"namepart":"United States. 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Department of Justice \nFukuyama, Matahachi \nFukuyama, Tsutomu Tom 88922ddr001wg1\nCorpuz, Michael \"Mike\" \nJohnson, Duff \nIma (Imayanagita), Morinosuki George 88922nr006r20w\"\nMcCoullough, Ethel","download_large":"ddr-densho-483-67-mezzanine-eb56d27eaa-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-510-42","model":"entity","index":"13 2088/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-510-42/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-510-42/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-510/ddr-densho-510-42-mezzanine-3c2e69aecf-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-510/ddr-densho-510-42-mezzanine-3c2e69aecf-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter to (John) Wilson from Mr. and Mrs. M. Katayama","description":"","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-510-42","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Katayama, M."},{"role":"author","namepart":"Katayama, Kathy"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts of America","id":"23"},{"term":"Activism and involvement","id":"120"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Boy Scouts of America"},{"namepart":"United States Congress"},{"namepart":"Katayama, M."},{"namepart":"Katayama, Kathy"},{"namepart":"Inouye, Daniel"},{"namepart":"Hope, Bob"},{"namepart":"Wilson, John"},{"namepart":"Adams, Brock"},{"namepart":"Jackson, Henry"},{"namepart":"Magnuson, Warren"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"August 13, 1973","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Katayama, M. author \nKatayama, Kathy author Boy Scouts of America \nUnited States Congress \nKatayama, M. \nKatayama, Kathy \nInouye, Daniel \nHope, Bob \nWilson, John \nAdams, Brock \nJackson, Henry \nMagnuson, Warren","download_large":"ddr-densho-510-42-mezzanine-3c2e69aecf-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-329-545","model":"entity","index":"14 2089/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-329-545/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-329-545/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-329/ddr-densho-329-545-mezzanine-b342da7bc1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-329/ddr-densho-329-545-mezzanine-b342da7bc1-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter of introduction for Kaneji Domoto from J.W. Lankard to LeGrnder","description":"","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-329-545","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015xg73","namepart":"Domoto, Kaneji"},{"namepart":"Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, State of Virginia"},{"namepart":"Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute and United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperating"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Eastville, Virginia","creation":"September 24, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Domoto, Kaneji 88922nr015xg73\nCooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, State of Virginia \nVirginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute and United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperating","download_large":"ddr-densho-329-545-mezzanine-b342da7bc1-a.jpg"},{"id":"965","model":"narrator","index":"15 2090/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/965/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/965/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/965/interviews/"},"display_name":"Keiko Shinmoto","bio":"Keiko Shinmoto's father migrated from Hiroshima to Portland, Oregon, where his brother was an owner of a grocery store. After returning to Hiroshima to see his ailing father, Keiko's father found it impossible to return to America as his mother hid his passport to keep him in Japan. Shortly, Keiko's mother joined him in Hiroshima, also her hometown. Unlike her eight older siblings, then, Keiko was born in Japan, in 1936. She recalls the challenge of being sent to the countryside at the age of eight as part of shudan sokai, a wartime program for children aiming to protect the youth from fire bombings in cities. The food shortage and black market called yamiichi that flourished after the war, too, left Keiko a strong impression. She is a nyushi survivor, as she was exposed to radiation by walking through the city of Hiroshima three days after the bombing. She lost one of her older sisters to the bomb. She came to the United States in 1960 with a help of her US-born brother, by then living in Los Angeles. She relearned English from her father who was also back in the United States and in the area at that time. Keiko attended a technical college to study design while working as a \"schoolgirl\" and worked briefly in Beverly Hills as a dressmaker before she married Nisei from Stockton. A former prisoner of the Gila River War Relocation Center, he worked as a mechanic at Chevrolet after the war and became an owner of a car repair shop. Keiko helped the shop's book keeping, while she also raised two children and worked at a grocery store in order to pay for her health insurance. At the time of the interview, Keiko had just joined a biannual medical checkup conducted by Hiroshima physicians in San Francisco for the first time because of the encouragement by another US survivor. After her husband passed away in 1998, she has been enjoying talking with her children, going to a Buddhist church in Stockton, and keeping in touch with her Nisei friends."},{"id":"966","model":"narrator","index":"16 2091/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/966/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/966/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/966/interviews/"},"display_name":"Matsuko Hayashi","bio":"Born in 1921 in Parlier in Fresno County, California, Matsuko Hayashi (pseudonym) grew up as the second oldest of the eight children of a first-generation immigrant who had come to the United States as a sixteen years old, and his wife who had come as a \"picture bride.\" They raised grapes on three farms that Matsuko's father and his brother had bought. She remembers her father's affection for the family and his dedication to Buddhism, and how busy her mother was raising children. They hired Mexican laborers and operated their business successfully, winning many blue ribbons for their products at state fairs. Matsuko recalls how the family enjoyed going to camping at Yosemite, and how she went to a Japanese school on Saturdays and Sundays, which she found not effective in teaching her Japanese. As for the American school that she attended on weekdays, she recalls how her teachers were prejudiced against the Japanese. When she went to Japan in 1940, she felt her Japanese classmates were biased against Americans like herself. She and other Nisei at her school in Hiroshima spoke in English, making their Japanese classmate believe that the American students were bad-mouthing their Japanese peers. On August 8, 1945, she was injured and lost consciousness after the bombing, but she survived with the help of her Nisei friend that she knew from a sewing school she had attended in Hiroshima. She lost one of her sisters to the bombing, whom her family was able to identify only because of the white nametag she wore. After losing her Japanese husband to the war, Matsuko came back to the United States in 1947, went to a drapery school and worked in Hollywood as a dressmaker, and was remarried to a Nisei who had been a \"no-no-boy\" in Tule Lake and expressed no concern about the fact that Matsuko is a survivor. As a dedicated Buddhist, Matsuko spent her married life focusing on raising family and working at a nursery, and interacted with other US survivors only occasionally. She feels that being attacked by the bomb was like being hit by tsunami; it was shikata ga nai (It couldn't be helped)."},{"id":"ddr-njpa-4-1404","model":"entity","index":"17 2092/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-4-1404/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-4-1404/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-1404-master-1828ec149d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-1404-master-1828ec149d-a.jpg"},"title":"Yeichi Nimura posing in costume","description":"Caption on reverse [translation]: \"Yeichi Nimura photo - Iris - Paris.\" Caption on reverse: \"Today the dancers of the world can be counted on the fingers of one hand, and Nimura is one of them. He was born in Japan and educated in the United States, where he first achieved fame and where he originated his own school of movement. He has appeared in concert throughout the world: from the operas of Scandinavia to the concert halls of Yugoslavia; from the workers' theaters in Palestine to the Opera Royal Flammand, Antwerp; from Cairo to Biarritz; and from Warsaw to Havana. Directs Ballets. Nimura combines, with his unique artistry and feeling, a keen dramatic sense and a vast experience in the theater. In addition to his solo appearances, he devotes a part of his time to directing ballets, training a dance group, and coaching individual artists for presentation.\"","extent":"3.5W x 4.75H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-4-1404","format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Nimura, Yeichi"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Paris, France","creation":"20-Sep-39","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Nimura, Yeichi","download_large":"ddr-njpa-4-1404-master-1828ec149d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-3-26","model":"entity","index":"18 2093/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-3-26/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-3-26/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-3/ddr-one-3-26-master-872656f356-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-3/ddr-one-3-26-master-872656f356-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Mary Hedley to Miyuki \"Kay\" Kida","description":"Envelope addressed to Miyuki \"Kay\" Kida in the Portland Assembly Center, letter from Mary Hedley to \"friends\" meaning Kida family. Three clippings from the newspaper covering food rationing, the possibility of fuel rationing, and the possibility of incarcerated Japanese Americans working in sugar beet fields and other crops in the inner-United States. The letter mentions that George has been playing chess. Kay is now with George and Kenjiro in Nyssa. Describes food prices. Enclosed clippings from the newspaper (the envelope the clippings and letter were sent in appears to have been mislabeled as being sent on Aug 4 - all the clippings are dated September 1, as is the letter). Mrs. Hedley wishes she could visit the Kidas or go up to visit Mrs. Pyatt, but says it doesn't seem like it will happen soon. Writes of sugar shortages (or rationing) - one pound of sugar per week for two people.","extent":"1 envelope: 6.25 W x 3.125 H; 1 letter 2 pages: 8 W x 10 H; 3 newspaper clippings: 2 W x 13.125 H, 2 H x 10.75 H, 2 W x 4.375 H","links_children":"ddr-one-3-26","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Hedley, Mary"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon","id":"284"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon -- Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Work leave -- Temporary agricultural work leave","id":"419"},{"term":"World War II -- Support from the non-Japanese American community","id":"80"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Portland, Oregon","creation":"9/1/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hedley, Mary author","download_large":"ddr-one-3-26-master-872656f356-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1004-9","model":"entity","index":"19 2094/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1004-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1004-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1004/denshovh-mroy-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1004/denshovh-mroy-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Roy Matsumoto Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born May 1, 1913, in Laguna, California. Lived in Japan from childhood through teenage years, before returning to the United States during high school. Incarcerated in the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Volunteered for the U.S. army in 1942, and was inducted in the Military Intelligence Service. Selected for a dangerous mission in Burma, becoming one of the famed Merrill's Marauders. Provided crucial intelligence information for the U.S. government after tapping into a Japanese army communications wire in Burma. Instrumental in a mission to hold Nhpum Ga hill in Burma, in which he shouted military orders in Japanese to confuse the attacking Japanese soldiers. Awarded the Legion of Merit from the U.S. military, and stationed in China and Japan after the war. Met future wife while working undercover in Japan. Inducted into the Ranger Hall of Fame in 1993.","extent":"01:59:59","links_children":"ddr-densho-1004-9","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":151,"namepart":"Roy H. Matsumoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"gayle k. yamada"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Peter Marshall"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs43","namepart":"Matsumoto, Roy Hiroshi"}],"contributor":"gayle k. yamada Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Washington, D.C.","creation":"November 8, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Roy H. Matsumoto narrator \ngayle k. yamada interviewer \nPeter Marshall videographer Matsumoto, Roy Hiroshi 88922nr015zs43","download_large":"denshovh-mroy-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1002-2","model":"entity","index":"20 2095/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1002-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1002-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-sshosuke-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-sshosuke-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Shosuke Sasaki Interview","description":"Issei male. Born 1912 in Yamaguchi ken, Japan. Immigrated to United States in 1919. Lived in Pomeroy, Washington, and Seattle, Washington, before World War II. Incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Resettled in New York. As a member of the Newspaper Guild, led effort to eliminate pejorative use of \"Jap\" in newspapers. Was a strong critic of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL). After moving to Seattle, was active in formulating the \"Seattle Plan\" for redress in the early 1970s.<p>(This interview was conducted by sisters Emiko and Chizuko Omori for their 1999 documentary,<i> Rabbit in the Moon</i>, about the Japanese American resisters of conscience in the World War II incarceration camps. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:42:25","links_children":"ddr-densho-1002-2","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":82,"namepart":"Shosuke Sasaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Chizu Omori"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emiko Omori"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Emiko Omori and Paul Mailman"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0060627","namepart":"Sasaki, Shosuke"}],"contributor":"Emiko and Chizuko Omori Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"September 28, 1992","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Shosuke Sasaki narrator \nChizu Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori and Paul Mailman videographer Sasaki, Shosuke 88922nr0060627","download_large":"denshovh-sshosuke-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-348","model":"entity","index":"21 2096/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-348/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-348/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-oatsumi-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-oatsumi-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Atsumi Ozawa Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born May 25, 1928, in Huancayo, Peru. Grew up in Huancayo, where father ran a successful store. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father went into hiding in an attempt to avoid being picked up by the Peruvian government. He was eventually found and picked up, and was reunited with family on the ship from Peru to the United States in 1944. Atsumi Ozawa was incarcerated with her family in the Crystal City internment camp, Texas. After leaving camp, worked for a time in Seabrook, New Jersey, and eventually moved to Chicago, Illinois.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:34:43","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-348","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":585,"namepart":"Atsumi Ozawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Skokie, Illinois","creation":"June 17, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Atsumi Ozawa narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-oatsumi-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-1636","model":"entity","index":"22 2097/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1636/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-1636/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1636-mezzanine-3a95d8792b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1636-mezzanine-3a95d8792b-a.jpg"},"title":"Tulean dispatch magazine section, vol. 1, no. 8 (March 1943)","description":"Monthly publication at Tule Lake incarceration camp including stories, poems, commentary and creative writing. Current issue includes \"Nisei America\" by Riley O'Suga, \"What Makes Peter Run?\" by Frances Okomoto, \"Haiku and Painting\" by Ken Yasuda, \"Tule in Rhyme\" by Iku Wada, \"Ramblings\" by Eugene Okada, \"It's the Little Things of Life\" by Sachiko Higashi, \"Looking Back\" by George Nakamura, and illustrations by Masao Inada and Dick Kurihara. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/10480\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sac_jaac_1638</a>","extent":"32 pages; 8.5 x 7 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-1636","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Tulean Dispatch"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"O'Suga, Riley"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Okomoto, Frances"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Yasuda, Ken"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Wada, Iku"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Okada, Eugene"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Higashi, Sachiko"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Nakamura, George"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications","id":"74"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Arts and literature","id":"172"},{"term":"Journalism and media","id":"387"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"1943-03","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States. War Relocation Authority publisher \nTulean Dispatch publisher \nO'Suga, Riley contributor \nOkomoto, Frances contributor \nYasuda, Ken contributor \nWada, Iku contributor \nOkada, Eugene contributor \nHigashi, Sachiko contributor \nNakamura, George contributor","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-1636-mezzanine-3a95d8792b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-349","model":"entity","index":"23 2098/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-349/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-349/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-349-mezzanine-769221d25d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-349-mezzanine-769221d25d-a.jpg"},"title":"Ryo Morikawa Recollections","description":"Autobiography: Ryo's parents, Life in San Diego, 11 months in Japan, Evacuation, Married Life","extent":"unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-349","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Diego","id":"487"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Sansei","id":"338"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Women","id":"515"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation -- Alien land laws","id":"516"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Arrival","id":"4"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Life in Japan and reasons for leaving","id":"2"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture -- Flower growers","id":"346"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture -- Migrant labor","id":"347"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Small business -- Florists","id":"439"},{"term":"Japan -- Pre-World War II","id":"163"},{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Buddhism","id":"395"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"World War II","id":"399"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Orphans","id":"512"},{"term":"Education","id":"31"},{"term":"Education -- Primary education","id":"333"},{"term":"Education -- Public schools","id":"32"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Japan -- Education","id":"375"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath","id":"48"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Decision to incarcerate","id":"203"},{"term":"World War II -- Non-incarcerated Japanese Americans -- \"Voluntary evacuation\"","id":"56"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Community activities -- Recreational activities","id":"179"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Morikawa, Ayano (Hirahara)"},{"namepart":"Morikawa, Kennosuke \"Frank\" (Kusumoto)"},{"namepart":"Morikawa, Kenji"},{"namepart":"Chiong, Anna Fumi (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Morikawa, George Kiyoshi"},{"namepart":"Cudahy's Packing Plant"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"United Nations Relief & Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)"},{"namepart":"United States Marine Corps"},{"namepart":"K?kai"},{"namepart":"Morikawa, Takanosuke"},{"namepart":"White, Samuel"},{"namepart":"Fremont Elementary School"},{"namepart":"Point Loma High School"},{"namepart":"San Diego State University"},{"namepart":"California Institute of Technology"},{"namepart":"Keisen Jogakuen Daigaku"},{"namepart":"International Journal of Religious Education"},{"namepart":"Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Board of National Missions"},{"namepart":"Hyde Park High School"},{"namepart":"Barnum and Bailey"},{"namepart":"Doshisha Daigaku"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago Divinity School"},{"namepart":"Illinois Institute of Technology"},{"namepart":"Sumio, Koga"},{"namepart":"Anderson, Harrison Ray"},{"namepart":"Fourth Presbyterian Church"},{"namepart":"Kerr, George \"Jack\" H."},{"namepart":"United States Army"},{"namepart":"United States Office of Naval Intelligence"},{"namepart":"Columbia University"},{"namepart":"United States Army Map Service"},{"namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Lee, Bisim (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Seido"},{"namepart":"Congregational Committee for Christian Democracy"},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church"},{"namepart":"Japanese Church of Christ"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"narrative","location":"Duluth, Minnesota","creation":"June 1, 2002","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) author Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) \nMorikawa, Ayano (Hirahara) \nMorikawa, Kennosuke \"Frank\" (Kusumoto) \nMorikawa, Kenji \nChiong, Anna Fumi (Morikawa) \nMorikawa, George Kiyoshi \nCudahy's Packing Plant \nTsai, Ai Chih \nCaldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nUnited Nations Relief & Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) \nUnited States Marine Corps \nK?kai \nMorikawa, Takanosuke \nWhite, Samuel \nFremont Elementary School \nPoint Loma High School \nSan Diego State University \nCalifornia Institute of Technology \nKeisen Jogakuen Daigaku \nInternational Journal of Religious Education \nPresbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Board of National Missions \nHyde Park High School \nBarnum and Bailey \nDoshisha Daigaku \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nIllinois Institute of Technology \nSumio, Koga \nAnderson, Harrison Ray \nFourth Presbyterian Church \nKerr, George \"Jack\" H. \nUnited States Army \nUnited States Office of Naval Intelligence \nColumbia University \nUnited States Army Map Service \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) \nLee, Bisim (Tsai) \nOgawa, Seido \nCongregational Committee for Christian Democracy \nJapanese Congregational Church \nJapanese Church of Christ","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-349-mezzanine-769221d25d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-318","model":"entity","index":"24 2099/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-318/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-318/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-318-mezzanine-a0a9aea4bb-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-318-mezzanine-a0a9aea4bb-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Ai Chih Tsai to Ai-jin","description":"Exchange news. Ai Chih Tsai wrote to Chungking about getting a Chinese passport. Ryo (Morikawa) Tsai and Ai Chih Tsai are working on business contacts and possibilities for Ai-jin and contacting church boards and government officials to raise funds for educational activities in Formosa. Ai Chih Tsai needs financial help. Will send money to Chiong-hui's siblings for him.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-318","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation","id":"340"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Jin"},{"namepart":"Dowie, Kenneth"},{"namepart":"Embassy of the Republic of China in the United States"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","creation":"February 3, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ai Chih author Tsai, Ai Chih \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nTsai, Ai Jin \nDowie, Kenneth \nEmbassy of the Republic of China in the United States \nUniversity of Chicago","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-318-mezzanine-a0a9aea4bb-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"United States","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}