{"total":2192,"limit":25,"offset":2000,"prev_offset":1975,"next_offset":2025,"page_size":25,"this_page":81,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=United States&limit=25&offset=1975","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=United States&limit=25&offset=2025","objects":[{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-14","model":"entity","index":"0 2000/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-14-mezzanine-e233038c47-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-14-mezzanine-e233038c47-a.jpg"},"title":"Kibei Nisei at Camp Rupert, Idaho","description":"A photo of Goerge Nobuo Naohara's Kibei friend. It is presumably taken at Axel Johnson Ranch in Utah. The caption reads: After graduating from Meiji University, Tokyo Japan, I came back to the United States. Then, the outbreak of the war between Japan and the U.S.! After the incarceration at the Manzanar camp, I came to Idaho. But all that was waiting for me was such a hard work. [In Japanese]. A photo from \"George Naohara photo album\" (csudh_nao_0001), page 2. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/15717\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nao_01_02_002</a>","extent":"black and white, 3.5 x 2.5 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-14","topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Work leave","id":"103"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture -- Farming","id":"345"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Utah","id":"506"}],"format":"img","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Utah","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-14-mezzanine-e233038c47-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-7-7","model":"entity","index":"1 2001/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-7-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-7-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-7-mezzanine-2e70fbb16f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-7-mezzanine-2e70fbb16f-a.jpg"},"title":"WRA resettlement image","description":"Original WRA caption: Here is a corner view of the spacious living room in the home of the Kaneko and the Isoda families who have resettled in Milwaukee. Mrs. Tei Kaneko is opening her knitting bag while on the floor (left to right) are Robin Isoda, 2-1/2 -year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. Georg[e] Isoda, and Wayne Kaneko, 2-1/2-year-old son of the Kaneko's. The Kanekos are formerly from Hunt Relocation Center and before evacuation lived in Seattle, Washington. Beginning in summer 1942, the War Relocation Authority (WRA) began to release incarcerees and encouraged them to resettle in areas of the United States other than the West Coast.","extent":"2108W x 1652H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-7-7","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Kaneko, Tei"},{"namepart":"Isoda, George"},{"namepart":"Kaneko, Wayne"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Milwaukee, Wisconsin","creation":"1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kaneko, Tei \nIsoda, George \nKaneko, Wayne","download_large":"ddr-densho-7-7-mezzanine-2e70fbb16f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-15-36","model":"entity","index":"2 2002/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-15-36/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-15-36/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-36-mezzanine-1ee8c0c4f4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-36-mezzanine-1ee8c0c4f4-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 17 No. 11 (September 18, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Majority of Evacuees Loyal, Says President. FDR Reports to Congress on Progress of Relocation Agency Plans to Segregate Disloyal. President Roosevelt's Letter to Senate Stresses Belief in Loyalty of \"Great Majority to Democratic Institutions of United States'\" (p. 1), \"Lieut. Gen. Emmons Succeeds General DeWitt as Commander of Western Defense Area\" (p. 1), \"Manzanar Riot Leaders Held in Leupp Camp. Were Interned For Time At Abandoned CCC Camp at Moab, Utah\" (p. 3), \"Rumor of Evacuees' Return Upsets Town in California\" (p. 3), \"Post War World Council Asks Compensation for Evacuees\" (p. 3), \"Four Hundred Nisei Find Jobs, Homes in Cleveland. Impress Fellow Workers, Employers With Record of Stability, Report\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-15-36","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"September 18, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-15-36-mezzanine-1ee8c0c4f4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-18-37","model":"entity","index":"3 2003/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-18-37/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-18-37/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-37-mezzanine-dd67493f8f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-37-mezzanine-dd67493f8f-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 23 No. 11 (September 14, 1946)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Washington Democrats Urge Claims Bill. Party's Convention Approves Move for Removal of Racial Restrictions on Naturalization\" (p. 1), \"Reinstatement of Nisei Civil Service Workers Indicated as State Fails to Press Charges\" (p. 1), \"Japanese American Soldiers Refused Entry Into Canada\" (p. 1), \"Survey Finds Hostile Feelings To U.S. Japanese Decreasing. 25 Per Cent Still Believe Persons of Japanese Race Disloyal to United States\" (p. 2), \"Canada Refuses Commercial Fishing Permits to Evacuees\" (p. 2), \"Relatives Can Aid Return of Stranded Nisei. Procedure Outlined For Payment of Transportation Charges\" (p. 2), \"Los Angeles Suburb Seeks Ouster of Non-White Residents\" (p. 2), \"Business Right of Japanese Aliens Upheld by State Court\" (p. 3).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-18-37","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"September 14, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-18-37-mezzanine-dd67493f8f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-19-10","model":"entity","index":"4 2004/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-19-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-19-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-19/ddr-pc-19-10-mezzanine-858237a4dc-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-19/ddr-pc-19-10-mezzanine-858237a4dc-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 24 No. 9 (March 8, 1947)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Report Twelve Thousand Nisei in Japan Have Applied for Repatriation to United States\" (p. 1), \"California Supreme Court Hears Stockton Theatre Case On Issei Business Rights\" (p. 1), \"Tule Lake Test Cases Moved To New Court\" (p. 1), \"Bill Seeks Repeal Of California School Segregation\" (p. 1), \"Nisei, Negro Groups Learning to Live, Work Together in Downtown Los Angeles Area\" (p. 2), \"Racial Minorities Victimized As Scapegoats in Time of Economic Crisis, Says Writer\" (p. 2), \"Discuss Amending Laws to Stay Deportation of Alien Residents\" (p. 3), \"Nisei GIs Vital to Success Of Occupation, Says Army. Military Intelligence Service Starts New Recruiting Drive for Japanese Americans\" (p. 3), \"Evacuee Loss Data Sought In Interviews\" (p. 7).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-19-10","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"March 8, 1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-pc-19-10-mezzanine-858237a4dc-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-2-255","model":"entity","index":"5 2005/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-2-255/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-2-255/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-2/ddr-njpa-2-255-mezzanine-b635ea1301-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-2/ddr-njpa-2-255-mezzanine-b635ea1301-a.jpg"},"title":"Governor Samuel Wilder King and others listening to a speech","description":"Caption on reverse: \"FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF WALTER-MCCARRAN ACT NOTED: The first anniversary of the Walter-McCarran Act, which eliminated all racial barriers to naturalization in the United States for the first time, was celebrated at a dinner sponsored by the Naturalization Encouragement Association of Honolulu last night at the Waikiki Lau Yee Chai.  Frank J. Drees, director of the division of adult education of the department of public instruction, is shown giving the principal address. Seated, left to right, are:  Gov. Samuel Wilder King, Peter H. Fukunaga, president of the association;  Delegate Joseph R. Farrington, and Mrs. King.  On the pkatform [sic] behind Drees is Dr. Arthur Mann, who was the master of ceremones [sic]. -- (Hawaii Times photo).\"","extent":"5.75W x 4.25H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-2-255","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Hawaii Times"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"King, Samuel Wilder"},{"namepart":"Fukunaga, Peter H."},{"namepart":"Farrington, Joseph R."},{"namepart":"King, Pauline"},{"namepart":"Drees, Frank J."},{"namepart":"Mann, Arthur"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Honolulu, Hawai'i","creation":"1953","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hawaii Times publisher King, Samuel Wilder \nFukunaga, Peter H. \nFarrington, Joseph R. \nKing, Pauline \nDrees, Frank J. \nMann, Arthur","download_large":"ddr-njpa-2-255-mezzanine-b635ea1301-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-299-232","model":"entity","index":"6 2006/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-299-232/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-299-232/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-299/ddr-densho-299-232-mezzanine-ba1bd2badf-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-299/ddr-densho-299-232-mezzanine-ba1bd2badf-a.jpg"},"title":"Photo of painting showing the Japanese invading oil producing countries","description":"Caption: \"The United States placed an embargo on oil to show our displeasure of Japan's incursions into Korea / and Manchuria. Using the embargo as a pretext, Japan invaded oil producing countries saying oil / was necessary for their survival.\" Ted Akimoto noted that \"during the war many large paintings were made by Japanese Army artists. Some paintings were 8 feet long. These paintings were displayed in public places in the lands that they had conquered such as Manchuria, and parts of China. After the war many of the paintings were placed in a museum in Ueno Park. My buddy during the occupation told me. Lately, that we had taken many photos of the paintings during the occupation.\"","extent":"10W x 7.25H","links_children":"ddr-densho-299-232","topics":[{"term":"Japan -- Military","id":"378"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"painting","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-299-232-mezzanine-ba1bd2badf-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-459","model":"entity","index":"7 2007/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-459/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-459/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-459-1-mezzanine-58a3c719b6-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-459-1-mezzanine-58a3c719b6-a.jpg"},"title":"Barbara Reiko Mikami Keimi Interview","description":"Sansei female. Born December 4, 1935, in Sawtelle, California. Grew up in Huntington Beach, California, where father worked as a chauffeur. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was picked up by the FBI and taken to the Tuna Canyon Detention Station. He rejoined the family at the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the family was then sent to the Amache concentration camp, Colorado. Parents decided to go to Japan and were sent to Tule Lake, but eventually decided to remain in the United States. After leaving camp, returned to Los Angeles. Barbara was active in camp pilgrimages and reunions after the war, as well as volunteering for the Japanese American National Museum.","extent":"0:00:00","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-459","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":907,"namepart":"Barbara Reiko Mikami Keimi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Virginia Yamada"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr003k78t","namepart":"Mikami, Barbara"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"February 5, 2019","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Barbara Reiko Mikami Keimi narrator \nVirginia Yamada interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Mikami, Barbara 88922nr003k78t","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-459-1-mezzanine-58a3c719b6-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-394","model":"entity","index":"8 2008/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-394/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-394/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tminoru_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tminoru_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Minoru Tajii Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born February 23, 1924, in Brawley, California. Grew up in El Centro, California, where parents ran a farm. During World War II, was removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Family signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and transferred to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, then to Japan. Lived and worked in Japan until 1950 before returning to the United States.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:50:28","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-394","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":643,"namepart":"Minoru Tajii"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr011pt86","namepart":"Tajii, Minoru"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Gardena, California","creation":"February 14, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Minoru Tajii narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Tajii, Minoru 88922nr011pt86","download_large":"denshovh-tminoru_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-314","model":"collection","index":"9 2009/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-314/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-314/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-314/ddr-densho-314-1-mezzanine-8902834cd7-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-314/ddr-densho-314-1-mezzanine-8902834cd7-a.jpg"},"title":"Kazuichi Takanishi Collection","description":"The Kazuichi Takanishi Collection is comprised of government documents the family gained through the Freedom of Information Act. The documents detail Takanishi's arrest after Pearl Harbor, his interrogation, internment, parole to Chicago, Illinois, and return to Hawaii after the war ended.","extent":"two letters; two government files","links_children":"ddr-densho-314","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"United States Army"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Immigration and naturalization Service"},{"role":"author","namepart":"National Archives and Records Administration"}],"language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States Army author \nImmigration and naturalization Service author \nNational Archives and Records Administration author","download_large":"ddr-densho-314-1-mezzanine-8902834cd7-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-468-255","model":"entity","index":"10 2010/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-468-255/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-468-255/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-468/ddr-densho-468-255-mezzanine-feb147403e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-468/ddr-densho-468-255-mezzanine-feb147403e-a.jpg"},"title":"Draft: Eulogy for John DeJong (Page 2)","description":"Second page of typed draft eulogizing John DeJong","extent":"8.25W x 11.625H","links_children":"ddr-densho-468-255","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi"},{"namepart":"Ishikawa, Olivia"},{"namepart":"DeJong, John"},{"namepart":"DeJong, Ruth"},{"namepart":"Pittsburgh-Des Moines Steel Company"},{"namepart":"United States, Department of Agriculture"},{"namepart":"Iowas-Des Moines Bank"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"manuscript","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi \nIshikawa, Olivia \nDeJong, John \nDeJong, Ruth \nPittsburgh-Des Moines Steel Company \nUnited States, Department of Agriculture \nIowas-Des Moines Bank","download_large":"ddr-densho-468-255-mezzanine-feb147403e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-315","model":"entity","index":"11 2011/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-315/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-315/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-315-mezzanine-5811a4c2d3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-315-mezzanine-5811a4c2d3-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Ernest Cadman Colwell to William Benton, Assistant Secretary of State","description":"Letter of introduction for Ai Chih Tsai, who has 2 interests: establishing a university in Formosa and making plans for his return to Formosa","extent":"7.25W x 10.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-315","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Colwell, Ernest Cadman"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Colwell, Ernest Cadman"},{"namepart":"Benton, William"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago Divinity School"},{"namepart":"United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Chicago, Illinois","creation":"January 15, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Colwell, Ernest Cadman author Tsai, Ai Chih \nColwell, Ernest Cadman \nBenton, William \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nUnited States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-315-mezzanine-5811a4c2d3-a.jpg"},{"id":"56","model":"narrator","index":"12 2012/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/56/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/56/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mtom.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mtom.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/56/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tom Matsuoka","bio":"Kibei male. Born August 1, 1903, in Sprecklesville, Maui, Hawaii. Taken to Japan in 1905 and raised by grandparents. Returned to the United States in 1919, joining father at Barneston sawmill in Washington. Married and farmed in Bellevue, Washington. Founded Bellevue Seinenkai and managed the Bellevue Vegetable Growers Association prior to World War II. Was picked up by the FBI on December 8, 1941, detained by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle, then interned at the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Was transferred to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and then to Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Was released to harvest sugar beets in Chinook, Montana, with his family as work crew. Established a farm in Chinook."},{"id":"149","model":"narrator","index":"13 2013/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/149/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/149/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sart.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sart.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/149/interviews/"},"display_name":"Art Shibayama","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 6, 1930, in Callao, Peru. Grew up in Peru, raised by both parents and grandparents. During World War II, taken with parents to the United States on a U.S. troop transport ship. Lived in the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, until family moved to work at Seabrook, New Jersey, a produce work company camp. Drafted into the army in the 1950s, even though considered an illegal alien, and served in Germany. Raised a family in Chicago, Illinois, and San Jose, California after military discharge. In recent years, attended several pilgrimages to Tule Lake concentration camp, California, as well as reunions of Japanese Peruvians. Involved in the Campaign for Justice, an effort to obtain redress for Japanese Latin Americans."},{"id":"178","model":"narrator","index":"14 2014/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/178/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/178/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/atom.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/atom.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/178/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tom Akashi","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 7, 1929, in Merced, California. Grew up in Mount Eden, California, and was removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Incarcerated at the Topaz concentration camp in Utah, then moved to Tule Lake concentration camp after family volunteered to move to Japan. While at Tule Lake, joined a pro-Japan organization created by father, the Sokoku Kenkyu Seinen Dan, (Young Men's Association for the Study of the Motherland). Renounced U.S. citizenship and expatriated to Japan with parents and siblings in 1945. Lived and worked in Japan until 1948, when returned to the United States. Author of Betrayed Trust: The Story of a Deported Issei and His American-Born Family During WWII, published in 2004."},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-352","model":"entity","index":"15 2015/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-352/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-352/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-352-mezzanine-89d9e30d7f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-352-mezzanine-89d9e30d7f-a.jpg"},"title":"Rev. Ai Chih Tsai Biography and Legacy","description":"Powerpoint for Taiwanese-American Historical Society Exhibit presented on May 17, 2017","extent":"unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-352","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Lee, Bisim (Tsai)"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Peter"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Education","id":"31"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"Identity and values","id":"42"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Chinese American identity","id":"455"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Men","id":"511"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Peter"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Whitney"},{"namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Taiwanese American Historical Society"},{"namepart":"Tainan Presbyterian High School"},{"namepart":"Doshisha Daigaku"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago Divinity School"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) United States Office of Naval Intelligence"},{"namepart":"Columbia University"},{"namepart":"United States Department of War"},{"namepart":"United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)"},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church"},{"namepart":"Seattle Formosan Christian Church"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Kerr, George \"Jack\" H."},{"namepart":"Watkins, James T. IV"},{"namepart":"United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)"},{"namepart":"Shackleton, Allan"},{"namepart":"Shackleton, Colin"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"narrative","creation":"May 17, 2017","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) author \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) author \nLee, Bisim (Tsai) author \nTsai, Peter author Tsai, Ai Chih \nTsai, Peter \nTsai, Whitney \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) \nTaiwanese American Historical Society \nTainan Presbyterian High School \nDoshisha Daigaku \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) United States Office of Naval Intelligence \nColumbia University \nUnited States Department of War \nUnited Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) \nJapanese Congregational Church \nSeattle Formosan Christian Church \nCaldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nKerr, George \"Jack\" H. \nWatkins, James T. 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Palmer","description":"Update on Ai Chih Tsai's status and thank you for support","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-281","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"}],"topics":[{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Arrival","id":"4"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Naturalization","id":"176"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Seido"},{"namepart":"Palmer, Albert W."},{"namepart":"Consulate General of the United States"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"San Diego, California","creation":"June 24, 1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) author Tsai, Ai Chih \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nOgawa, Seido \nPalmer, Albert W. \nConsulate General of the United States","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-281-mezzanine-c93995d5c4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-468-209","model":"entity","index":"17 2017/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-468-209/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-468-209/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-468/ddr-densho-468-209-mezzanine-310ef4d4f1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-468/ddr-densho-468-209-mezzanine-310ef4d4f1-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Joseph Ishikawa to Bill Becker (copy)","description":"Enclosing $5. Update on trip to California, meeting with Hank Baich, and request for assistance with attempts to develop socialist party campaign in Nebraska.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-468-209","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi"},{"namepart":"Becker, William \"Bill\""},{"namepart":"Baich, Hank"},{"namepart":"Socialist Party of the United States of America"},{"namepart":"Ishikawa, Rintaro John \"Tohchan\""}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Lincoln, Nebraska","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi author Ishikawa, Joseph Bunichi \nBecker, William \"Bill\" \nBaich, Hank \nSocialist Party of the United States of America \nIshikawa, Rintaro John \"Tohchan\"","download_large":"ddr-densho-468-209-mezzanine-310ef4d4f1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-1946","model":"entity","index":"18 2018/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1946/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-1946/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1946-mezzanine-da468f6afb-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1946-mezzanine-da468f6afb-a.jpg"},"title":"Tulean dispatch magazine section, no. 11 (July 1943)","description":"Monthly publication at Tule Lake incarceration camp including stories, poems, commentary and creative writing. Current issue includes an essay, \"Does it Pay to Stay Here\" by Rev. Shigeo Tanabe, a poem, \"Relocation\" by Minoru Kimura, \"Nisei Personality Adjustment\" by James Sakoda, \"Gloom\" by Buster Sawai, \"Outside\" by Shuji Kimura, Nisei personality profile on Rev. Shigeo Tanabe, \"There Are Such People\" by Dan O'Hara [Ohara], and a cartoon illustration of a block manager's office. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/11603\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sac_jaac_1949</a>","extent":"36 pages; 8.5 x 7 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-1946","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Tulean Dispatch"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Tanabe, Shigeo"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Kimura, Minoru"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Sakoda, James"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Sawai, Buster"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Ohara, Dan"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications","id":"74"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Arts and literature","id":"172"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"1943-07","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States. War Relocation Authority publisher \nTulean Dispatch publisher \nTanabe, Shigeo contributor \nKimura, Minoru contributor \nSakoda, James contributor \nSawai, Buster contributor \nOhara, Dan contributor","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-1946-mezzanine-da468f6afb-a.jpg"},{"id":"970","model":"narrator","index":"19 2019/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/970/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/970/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1021-9_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1021-9_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/970/interviews/"},"display_name":"Paul Satoh","bio":"Born in Osaka, Japan, in 1936, Paul Satoh spent a happy childhood as the only child of a chemist and a homemaker. Satoh's extended family included an uncle who had studied at the University of California, Los Angeles, and his wife, a US-born Nikkei from Hawai'i who occasionally had received a \"care pack from the United States\" that she shared with the Satohs. Although the couple was not affected by the bomb as they were in Tokyo, one of Satoh's other aunts who was in Hiroshima died of radiation sickness. Satoh himself, too, was in Hiroshima as his family's house in Osaka was burned in an air raid early in 1945. Living in his relative's house in Koi, which was about six kilometer from the hypocenter, Satoh remembers hearing a \"real big sound\" at the moment of the explosion. His family decided to take refuge in his grandmother's house in the countryside, and as they walked through Hiroshima, they witnessed people dying on the street from severe burns and injuries. Many years later, his mother died of leukemia, while Satoh himself suffered from thyroid cancer. Immediately after the war, though, Satoh recalled only silence around the bomb, even as many of his classmates passed away because of the delayed radiation effect. He came to the United States in 1960 to study chemistry at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan. He married a Polish American woman who was his classmate, and experienced racial discrimination in the era when interracial marriages were still illegal in many US states. Satoh also found that his brother-in-law had worked as a maintenance crew for Enola Gay, the airplane that dropped the bomb on Hiroshima. Satoh worked as a chemist in the for-profit sector, and he occasionally lectured at colleges on applied chemistry. Although he was not part of any US survivors' groups, he was interested in issues of nuclear weaponry and bomb victims. He has assisted research for a book written by his acquaintance about US prisoners of war who died of the bomb in Hiroshima in 1945."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-23-16","model":"entity","index":"20 2020/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-23-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-23-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-16-mezzanine-6fd8da7b2a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-16-mezzanine-6fd8da7b2a-a.jpg"},"title":"Enmanji Temple","description":"Postcard depicting the Enmanji Temple. The structure was originally built for the Manchurian Railroad Company to be exhibited at the Chicago World Fair in 1932. When the building was brought to Sonoma County and rebuilt as the Buddhist Church, Chief Abbot Ohtani of Japan granted it the title of \"Temple,\" the only building in the United States with such a title. The name Enmanji stands for Sonoma Temple. The building is a Kamakura-type structure, which symbolizes a part of the epoch-making culture of the Kamakura period (1180-1333). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/582\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lp041-01-011-001</a>","extent":"color","links_children":"ddr-csujad-23-16","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Hawthorne, Thomas"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Thomas Hawthorne Photographics"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Buddhism","id":"395"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Sonoma State University Library, Rohnert Park, California","rights":"nocc","genre":"postcard","location":"Sebastopol, California","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hawthorne, Thomas photographer \nThomas Hawthorne Photographics publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-23-16-mezzanine-6fd8da7b2a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-18","model":"entity","index":"21 2021/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-18/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-18/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-18-mezzanine-0bd69792ba-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-18-mezzanine-0bd69792ba-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese newspaper clipping","description":"A Japanese newspaper clipping about the outbreak of World War II. It reports that Japanese prime minister, Koiso, declared the war and encouraged the people to fight against Allies of World War II. The caption reads: I still do not know why General Tojo started the war on the U.S., attacking the Pearl Harbor. President Roosevelt' speech was broadcast by radio. I was informed that all Japanese Americans who were born in the United States need to be sent to incarceration camps. [In Japanese]. An item from \"George Naohara photo album\" (csudh_nao_0001), page 3. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/15685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nao_01_03_001</a>","extent":"7.5 x 8.5 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-18","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath","id":"48"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"}],"format":"img","language":["jpn","eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"1941-1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-18-mezzanine-0bd69792ba-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-7-12","model":"entity","index":"22 2022/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-7-12/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-7-12/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-12-mezzanine-0a618b1fb8-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-12-mezzanine-0a618b1fb8-a.jpg"},"title":"WRA resettlement image","description":"Original WRA caption: When Mrs. Masumi Kaneko goes shopping, she likes to take her young 2-1/2-year-old son, Wayne, to the store with her. Here Mrs. Kaneko, comfortably dressed in a sport coat and slacks, is leaving her Milwaukee home to visit the nearby shopping center. The Kanekos live at 4301 with another Nisei family, Mr. and Mrs. George Isoda, who also have a 2-1/2-year-old son. These two families have integrated into the neighborhood life and report they have many friends in the neighborhood block. Beginning in summer 1942, the War Relocation Authority (WRA) began to release incarcerees and encouraged them to resettle in areas of the United States other than the West Coast.","extent":"2649W x 2086H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-7-12","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Kaneko, Masumi"},{"namepart":"Isoda, George"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Milwaukee, Wisconsin","creation":"1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kaneko, Masumi \nIsoda, George","download_large":"ddr-densho-7-12-mezzanine-0a618b1fb8-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-49-50","model":"entity","index":"23 2023/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-49-50/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-49-50/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-49/ddr-pc-49-50-mezzanine-e869574fd3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-49/ddr-pc-49-50-mezzanine-e869574fd3-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 85, No. 27 (December 23-30, 1977)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Jappan-United States Friendship Act Lacks Nikkei Participation\" (p.37), \"Mandate of 1976 JACL Convention Being Carried Out at Snail's Pace\" (p.38, 40), \"East West Players, Asian American Actors Group, Now in 13th Season\" (p.41), \"Interracial Marriages\" (p.44-46), \"My Sansei Son\" (p.50), \"Little Tokyo Towers, Home of Happy Issei\" (p.52-53), \"Asian Americans in Media, They Survive\" (p.54, 94).\r\n\r\nThe holiday issue included advertisements bought by JACL members and chapters that included personal addresses and phone numbers to better foster communications between Japanese American communities. These addresses and phone numbers have been redacted to help protect the privacy of Japanese American communities. Please contact Densho to request the original version.","extent":"11.5W x 15H","links_children":"ddr-pc-49-50","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Performing arts -- Theater","id":"256"},{"term":"Community activities -- Weddings","id":"28"},{"term":"Identity and values","id":"42"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Japan","id":"108"},{"term":"Journalism and media","id":"387"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","geography":[{"term":"Los Angeles, California","id":"11"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"December 23-30, 1977","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-49-50-mezzanine-e869574fd3-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-1-1438","model":"entity","index":"24 2024/{'value': 2192, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-1-1438/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-1-1438/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-1/ddr-njpa-1-1438-mezzanine-ef751388e5-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-1/ddr-njpa-1-1438-mezzanine-ef751388e5-a.jpg"},"title":"Manuel L. Quezon riding in a parade car","description":"Caption on reverse: \"500,000 marchers demonstrate America's fighting spirit in nation's greatest parade. The United States of American flung down its gauntlet to the Axis with a grim, fighting 'New York at War' parade which outstripped any spectacle that famous city of spectacles has ever staged. It was a gigantic procession in which a cross section of the military and industrial might of the entire nation was shown as evidence of the all-out solidarity of America, 1942. Some 500,000 persons marched in solid ranks for 10 hours before crowds which totaled at least 5,000,000. President Manuel Quezon (hat in hand) of the Philippine Commonwealth, salutes some of the millions of spectators who saw the gigantic war parade pass along New York City's Fifth Avenue.\"","extent":"4.5W x 6.25H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-1-1438","format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Quezon, Manuel Luis"}],"contributor":"Hawai'i Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"New York, New York","creation":"25-Apr-05","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Quezon, Manuel Luis","download_large":"ddr-njpa-1-1438-mezzanine-ef751388e5-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"United States","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}