{"total":2184,"limit":25,"offset":1975,"prev_offset":1950,"next_offset":2000,"page_size":25,"this_page":80,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=United States&limit=25&offset=1950","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=United States&limit=25&offset=2000","objects":[{"id":"ddr-csujad-45","model":"collection","index":"0 1975/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-45/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-45/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-45/ddr-csujad-45-1-mezzanine-70f50cb94d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-45/ddr-csujad-45-1-mezzanine-70f50cb94d-a.jpg"},"title":"CSU Northridge Heart Mountain Relocation Center Collection","description":"The Heart Mountain Relocation Center was built during the summer of 1942 and received its first contingent of Japanese Americans on August 12, 1942. It is located in Park County, northwestern Wyoming. The collection contains Community Camp Council meeting minutes, camp laws, correspondence, the case of People of Heart Mountain vs. Tom Yamada, and other documents.","extent":"0.42 linear feet","links_children":"ddr-csujad-45","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Heart Mountain Relocation Center (Wyo.) Community Council"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Northridge. University Library. Special Collections & Archives","public":"1","rights":"nocc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Heart Mountain Relocation Center (Wyo.) Community Council author \nUnited States. War Relocation Authority publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-45-1-mezzanine-70f50cb94d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-510-53","model":"entity","index":"1 1976/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-510-53/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-510-53/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-510/ddr-densho-510-53-mezzanine-ddfcdfbf41-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-510/ddr-densho-510-53-mezzanine-ddfcdfbf41-a.jpg"},"title":"From the Frying Pan","description":"Newspaper Clipping","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-510-53","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Pacific Citizen"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"},{"term":"Journalism and media","id":"387"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Activism and involvement","id":"120"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts of America","id":"23"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Pacific Citizen"},{"namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"},{"namepart":"United States Congress"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Inouye, Daniel"},{"namepart":"Wilson, John"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"clipping","location":"Los Angeles, California; Denver, Colorado","creation":"August 10, 1973","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hosokawa, Bill author \nPacific Citizen publisher Pacific Citizen \nJapanese American Citizens League \nUnited States Congress \nHosokawa, Bill \nInouye, Daniel \nWilson, John","download_large":"ddr-densho-510-53-mezzanine-ddfcdfbf41-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-510-35","model":"entity","index":"2 1977/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-510-35/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-510-35/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-510/ddr-densho-510-35-mezzanine-62b39cfe78-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-510/ddr-densho-510-35-mezzanine-62b39cfe78-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese group reacts to 'Jap' Slur","description":"Newspaper Clipping","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-510-35","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Seattle Times"}],"topics":[{"term":"Journalism and media","id":"387"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts of America","id":"23"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"},{"namepart":"The Seattle Times"},{"namepart":"United States Congress"},{"namepart":"Inouye, Daniel"},{"namepart":"Ushio, David E."},{"namepart":"Wilson, John"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"clipping","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"August 19, 1973","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Seattle Times publisher Japanese American Citizens League \nThe Seattle Times \nUnited States Congress \nInouye, Daniel \nUshio, David E. \nWilson, John","download_large":"ddr-densho-510-35-mezzanine-62b39cfe78-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-510-56","model":"entity","index":"3 1978/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-510-56/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-510-56/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-510/ddr-densho-510-56-mezzanine-a3cc97ca25-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-510/ddr-densho-510-56-mezzanine-a3cc97ca25-a.jpg"},"title":"You Are Out of Order, Mister Wilson","description":"Newspaper Clipping","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-510-56","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"McDowell, Edwin"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Wall Street Journal"}],"topics":[{"term":"Journalism and media","id":"387"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"The Wall Street Journal"},{"namepart":"McDowell, Edwin"},{"namepart":"United States Congress"},{"namepart":"Inouye, Daniel"},{"namepart":"Wilson, John"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"clipping","location":"New York, New York","status":"completed","search_hidden":"McDowell, Edwin author \nThe Wall Street Journal publisher The Wall Street Journal \nMcDowell, Edwin \nUnited States Congress \nInouye, Daniel \nWilson, John","download_large":"ddr-densho-510-56-mezzanine-a3cc97ca25-a.jpg"},{"id":"141","model":"narrator","index":"4 1979/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/141/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/141/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/uharry.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/uharry.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/141/interviews/"},"display_name":"Harry Ueno","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 14, 1907, in Pauilo, Hawaii. Lived in Japan from 1915 to 1923, and settled on the mainland upon his return to the United States. Was married in 1930, and was removed along with family to Manzanar concentration camp, California, during World War II. While in Manzanar, organized the Mess Hall Workers Union. Accused of beating up a suspected government informant and was placed in jail, sparking the so-called \"Manzanar Riot.\" Was moved to various jails and the Citizen Isolation Centers Leupp, Arizona, and Moab, Utah, before being reunited with his family in Tule Lake Segregation Center. After release from camp, moved to the Santa Clara Valley, raised three children, and became a farmer."},{"id":"907","model":"narrator","index":"5 1980/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/907/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/907/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-459_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-459_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/907/interviews/"},"display_name":"Barbara Reiko Mikami Keimi","bio":"Sansei female. Born December 4, 1935, in Sawtelle, California. Grew up in Huntington Beach, California, where father worked as a chauffeur. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was picked up by the FBI and taken to the Tuna Canyon Detention Station. He rejoined the family at the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the family was then sent to the Amache concentration camp, Colorado. Parents decided to go to Japan and were sent to Tule Lake, but eventually decided to remain in the United States. After leaving camp, returned to Los Angeles. Barbara was active in camp pilgrimages and reunions after the war, as well as volunteering for the Japanese American National Museum."},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-353","model":"entity","index":"6 1981/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-353/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-353/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-353-mezzanine-9ab6f0f70c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-353-mezzanine-9ab6f0f70c-a.jpg"},"title":"Keynote Talk: Rev. Ai Chih Tsai Biography and Legacy","description":"Notes for Taiwanese American Historical Society Keynote Talk on May 17, 2017","extent":"unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-353","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Peter"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Education","id":"31"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"Identity and values","id":"42"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Chinese American identity","id":"455"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Men","id":"511"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Peter"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Whitney"},{"namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Cheng, Franklin P."},{"namepart":"Taiwanese American Historical Society"},{"namepart":"Tainan Presbyterian High School"},{"namepart":"Doshisha Daigaku"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago Divinity School"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) United States Office of Naval Intelligence"},{"namepart":"Columbia University"},{"namepart":"United States Department of War"},{"namepart":"United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)"},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church"},{"namepart":"Seattle Formosan Christian Church"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Kerr, George \"Jack\" H."},{"namepart":"Watkins, James T. IV"},{"namepart":"United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)"},{"namepart":"Shackleton, Allan"},{"namepart":"Shackleton, Colin"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"narrative","creation":"May 17, 2017","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Peter author Tsai, Ai Chih \nTsai, Peter \nTsai, Whitney \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) \nCheng, Franklin P. \nTaiwanese American Historical Society \nTainan Presbyterian High School \nDoshisha Daigaku \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) United States Office of Naval Intelligence \nColumbia University \nUnited States Department of War \nUnited Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) \nJapanese Congregational Church \nSeattle Formosan Christian Church \nCaldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nKerr, George \"Jack\" H. \nWatkins, James T. IV \nUnited States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS) \nShackleton, Allan \nShackleton, Colin","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-353-mezzanine-9ab6f0f70c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-56-289","model":"entity","index":"7 1982/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-289/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-56-289/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-289-mezzanine-6e37dd8bfa-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-289-mezzanine-6e37dd8bfa-a.jpg"},"title":"Japan Asks Her People In United States to Be Better Americans. Mikado's Government Undertakes to Meet Anti-Alien Land Issue in New Way -- Laborer Must Increase His Standard of Living. (October 11, 1916)","description":"The Seattle Daily Times, October 11, 1916, p. 17","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-56-289","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Seattle Times Company"}],"topics":[{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation -- Discriminatory laws","id":"177"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"periodical","creation":"October 11, 1916","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Seattle Times Company publisher","download_large":"ddr-densho-56-289-mezzanine-6e37dd8bfa-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-279-3","model":"segment","index":"8 1983/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-279-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-279-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ntetsuo-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ntetsuo-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tetsuo Nomiyama Interview Segment 3","description":"Returning to the United States after avoiding military conscription in Japan<p>Participating in this interview is Mr. Paul Minerich, who is Mr. Nomiyama's son-in-law. An attorney, Mr. Minerich headed the effort to clear his father-in-law's name regarding his wartime court martial conviction. This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:05:05","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-279-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":482,"namepart":"Tetsuo Nomiyama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Japan","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1000120\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Westminster, California","creation":"May 2, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tetsuo Nomiyama narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ntetsuo-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-7-7","model":"entity","index":"9 1984/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-7-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-7-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-7-mezzanine-2e70fbb16f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-7-mezzanine-2e70fbb16f-a.jpg"},"title":"WRA resettlement image","description":"Original WRA caption: Here is a corner view of the spacious living room in the home of the Kaneko and the Isoda families who have resettled in Milwaukee. Mrs. Tei Kaneko is opening her knitting bag while on the floor (left to right) are Robin Isoda, 2-1/2 -year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. Georg[e] Isoda, and Wayne Kaneko, 2-1/2-year-old son of the Kaneko's. The Kanekos are formerly from Hunt Relocation Center and before evacuation lived in Seattle, Washington. Beginning in summer 1942, the War Relocation Authority (WRA) began to release incarcerees and encouraged them to resettle in areas of the United States other than the West Coast.","extent":"2108W x 1652H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-7-7","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Kaneko, Tei"},{"namepart":"Isoda, George"},{"namepart":"Kaneko, Wayne"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Milwaukee, Wisconsin","creation":"1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kaneko, Tei \nIsoda, George \nKaneko, Wayne","download_large":"ddr-densho-7-7-mezzanine-2e70fbb16f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-15-36","model":"entity","index":"10 1985/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-15-36/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-15-36/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-36-mezzanine-1ee8c0c4f4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-36-mezzanine-1ee8c0c4f4-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 17 No. 11 (September 18, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Majority of Evacuees Loyal, Says President. FDR Reports to Congress on Progress of Relocation Agency Plans to Segregate Disloyal. President Roosevelt's Letter to Senate Stresses Belief in Loyalty of \"Great Majority to Democratic Institutions of United States'\" (p. 1), \"Lieut. Gen. Emmons Succeeds General DeWitt as Commander of Western Defense Area\" (p. 1), \"Manzanar Riot Leaders Held in Leupp Camp. Were Interned For Time At Abandoned CCC Camp at Moab, Utah\" (p. 3), \"Rumor of Evacuees' Return Upsets Town in California\" (p. 3), \"Post War World Council Asks Compensation for Evacuees\" (p. 3), \"Four Hundred Nisei Find Jobs, Homes in Cleveland. Impress Fellow Workers, Employers With Record of Stability, Report\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-15-36","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"September 18, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-15-36-mezzanine-1ee8c0c4f4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-18-37","model":"entity","index":"11 1986/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-18-37/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-18-37/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-37-mezzanine-dd67493f8f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-37-mezzanine-dd67493f8f-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 23 No. 11 (September 14, 1946)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Washington Democrats Urge Claims Bill. Party's Convention Approves Move for Removal of Racial Restrictions on Naturalization\" (p. 1), \"Reinstatement of Nisei Civil Service Workers Indicated as State Fails to Press Charges\" (p. 1), \"Japanese American Soldiers Refused Entry Into Canada\" (p. 1), \"Survey Finds Hostile Feelings To U.S. Japanese Decreasing. 25 Per Cent Still Believe Persons of Japanese Race Disloyal to United States\" (p. 2), \"Canada Refuses Commercial Fishing Permits to Evacuees\" (p. 2), \"Relatives Can Aid Return of Stranded Nisei. Procedure Outlined For Payment of Transportation Charges\" (p. 2), \"Los Angeles Suburb Seeks Ouster of Non-White Residents\" (p. 2), \"Business Right of Japanese Aliens Upheld by State Court\" (p. 3).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-18-37","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"September 14, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-18-37-mezzanine-dd67493f8f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-19-10","model":"entity","index":"12 1987/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-19-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-19-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-19/ddr-pc-19-10-mezzanine-858237a4dc-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-19/ddr-pc-19-10-mezzanine-858237a4dc-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 24 No. 9 (March 8, 1947)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Report Twelve Thousand Nisei in Japan Have Applied for Repatriation to United States\" (p. 1), \"California Supreme Court Hears Stockton Theatre Case On Issei Business Rights\" (p. 1), \"Tule Lake Test Cases Moved To New Court\" (p. 1), \"Bill Seeks Repeal Of California School Segregation\" (p. 1), \"Nisei, Negro Groups Learning to Live, Work Together in Downtown Los Angeles Area\" (p. 2), \"Racial Minorities Victimized As Scapegoats in Time of Economic Crisis, Says Writer\" (p. 2), \"Discuss Amending Laws to Stay Deportation of Alien Residents\" (p. 3), \"Nisei GIs Vital to Success Of Occupation, Says Army. Military Intelligence Service Starts New Recruiting Drive for Japanese Americans\" (p. 3), \"Evacuee Loss Data Sought In Interviews\" (p. 7).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-19-10","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"March 8, 1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-pc-19-10-mezzanine-858237a4dc-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-14","model":"entity","index":"13 1988/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-14-mezzanine-e233038c47-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-14-mezzanine-e233038c47-a.jpg"},"title":"Kibei Nisei at Camp Rupert, Idaho","description":"A photo of Goerge Nobuo Naohara's Kibei friend. It is presumably taken at Axel Johnson Ranch in Utah. The caption reads: After graduating from Meiji University, Tokyo Japan, I came back to the United States. Then, the outbreak of the war between Japan and the U.S.! After the incarceration at the Manzanar camp, I came to Idaho. But all that was waiting for me was such a hard work. [In Japanese]. A photo from \"George Naohara photo album\" (csudh_nao_0001), page 2. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/15717\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nao_01_02_002</a>","extent":"black and white, 3.5 x 2.5 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-14","topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Work leave","id":"103"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture -- Farming","id":"345"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Utah","id":"506"}],"format":"img","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Utah","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-14-mezzanine-e233038c47-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-19-46","model":"entity","index":"14 1989/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-19-46/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-19-46/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-19/ddr-csujad-19-46-mezzanine-68008b28ec-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-19/ddr-csujad-19-46-mezzanine-68008b28ec-a.jpg"},"title":"Proceedings and Debates of the 77th Congress, Second Session","description":"This document contains the proceedings and debates of the 77th Congress. Miss Rankins of Montana raises a few questions about some of the activities which led to the attack on Pearl Harbor. She also debates on whether any responsible American source foresaw the Japanese attack. She goes on to present some documents and statements which suggest that the attack on Pearl Harbor was a result of a few activities by the British empire to bring the United States into the war. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/8433\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WRA_02-06_01</a>","extent":"6 pages, typescript, 8.5 x 11 in.","links_children":"ddr-csujad-19-46","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Events prior to Pearl Harbor","id":"49"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath","id":"48"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Northridge. University Library. Special Collections & Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Pearl Harbor;","creation":"12/8/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-19-46-mezzanine-68008b28ec-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-2-255","model":"entity","index":"15 1990/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-2-255/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-2-255/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-2/ddr-njpa-2-255-mezzanine-b635ea1301-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-2/ddr-njpa-2-255-mezzanine-b635ea1301-a.jpg"},"title":"Governor Samuel Wilder King and others listening to a speech","description":"Caption on reverse: \"FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF WALTER-MCCARRAN ACT NOTED: The first anniversary of the Walter-McCarran Act, which eliminated all racial barriers to naturalization in the United States for the first time, was celebrated at a dinner sponsored by the Naturalization Encouragement Association of Honolulu last night at the Waikiki Lau Yee Chai.  Frank J. Drees, director of the division of adult education of the department of public instruction, is shown giving the principal address. Seated, left to right, are:  Gov. Samuel Wilder King, Peter H. Fukunaga, president of the association;  Delegate Joseph R. Farrington, and Mrs. King.  On the pkatform [sic] behind Drees is Dr. Arthur Mann, who was the master of ceremones [sic]. -- (Hawaii Times photo).\"","extent":"5.75W x 4.25H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-2-255","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Hawaii Times"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"King, Samuel Wilder"},{"namepart":"Fukunaga, Peter H."},{"namepart":"Farrington, Joseph R."},{"namepart":"King, Pauline"},{"namepart":"Drees, Frank J."},{"namepart":"Mann, Arthur"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Honolulu, Hawai'i","creation":"1953","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hawaii Times publisher King, Samuel Wilder \nFukunaga, Peter H. \nFarrington, Joseph R. \nKing, Pauline \nDrees, Frank J. \nMann, Arthur","download_large":"ddr-njpa-2-255-mezzanine-b635ea1301-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-299-232","model":"entity","index":"16 1991/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-299-232/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-299-232/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-299/ddr-densho-299-232-mezzanine-ba1bd2badf-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-299/ddr-densho-299-232-mezzanine-ba1bd2badf-a.jpg"},"title":"Photo of painting showing the Japanese invading oil producing countries","description":"Caption: \"The United States placed an embargo on oil to show our displeasure of Japan's incursions into Korea / and Manchuria. Using the embargo as a pretext, Japan invaded oil producing countries saying oil / was necessary for their survival.\" Ted Akimoto noted that \"during the war many large paintings were made by Japanese Army artists. Some paintings were 8 feet long. These paintings were displayed in public places in the lands that they had conquered such as Manchuria, and parts of China. After the war many of the paintings were placed in a museum in Ueno Park. My buddy during the occupation told me. Lately, that we had taken many photos of the paintings during the occupation.\"","extent":"10W x 7.25H","links_children":"ddr-densho-299-232","topics":[{"term":"Japan -- Military","id":"378"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"painting","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-299-232-mezzanine-ba1bd2badf-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-459","model":"entity","index":"17 1992/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-459/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-459/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-459-1-mezzanine-58a3c719b6-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-459-1-mezzanine-58a3c719b6-a.jpg"},"title":"Barbara Reiko Mikami Keimi Interview","description":"Sansei female. Born December 4, 1935, in Sawtelle, California. Grew up in Huntington Beach, California, where father worked as a chauffeur. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was picked up by the FBI and taken to the Tuna Canyon Detention Station. He rejoined the family at the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the family was then sent to the Amache concentration camp, Colorado. Parents decided to go to Japan and were sent to Tule Lake, but eventually decided to remain in the United States. After leaving camp, returned to Los Angeles. Barbara was active in camp pilgrimages and reunions after the war, as well as volunteering for the Japanese American National Museum.","extent":"0:00:00","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-459","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":907,"namepart":"Barbara Reiko Mikami Keimi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Virginia Yamada"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr003k78t","namepart":"Mikami, Barbara"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"February 5, 2019","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Barbara Reiko Mikami Keimi narrator \nVirginia Yamada interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Mikami, Barbara 88922nr003k78t","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-459-1-mezzanine-58a3c719b6-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-394","model":"entity","index":"18 1993/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-394/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-394/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tminoru_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tminoru_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Minoru Tajii Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born February 23, 1924, in Brawley, California. Grew up in El Centro, California, where parents ran a farm. During World War II, was removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Family signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and transferred to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, then to Japan. Lived and worked in Japan until 1950 before returning to the United States.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:50:28","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-394","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":643,"namepart":"Minoru Tajii"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr011pt86","namepart":"Tajii, Minoru"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Gardena, California","creation":"February 14, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Minoru Tajii narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Tajii, Minoru 88922nr011pt86","download_large":"denshovh-tminoru_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-131","model":"entity","index":"19 1994/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-131/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-131/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-131-mezzanine-16e8ca2215-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-131-mezzanine-16e8ca2215-a.jpg"},"title":"Dealing with Japanese-Americans by John F. Embree, Documents Section, Office of Reports","description":"Short report from WRA Documents Section leader John F. Embree on recommended attitudes, suggestions, and practices while interacting with incarcerated Japanese Americans. According to Embree, race is hereditary while culture is acquired, and Caucasians should refrain from making stereotypical images of \"Japanese types.\" Embree describes the differences in culture and attitudes including questions of loyalty between Issei, Nisei, and Kibei individuals. He recommends using a \"go-between\" to facilitate conversation among the older Issei men in the community when it comes to policies and procedures according to Japanese cultural norms at the time as well as utilizing the Project Director to frequently communicate with the community leaders. Special attention is directed to \"evacuee attitudes\" where the author recommends fostering understanding and communication with Nisei in order for them not to succumb to \"anti American attitudes.\" A letter from Dillon S. Myer, Director, to WRA staff is attached. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9940. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/36412\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ecm_wells_0940</a>","extent":"9 pages, 10.5 x 8 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-131","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Myer, Dillon S. (Dillon Seymour), 1891-1982"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Embree, John F. (John Fee), 1908-1950"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Stereotypes","id":"161"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1942-10","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Myer, Dillon S. (Dillon Seymour), 1891-1982 author \nEmbree, John F. (John Fee), 1908-1950 author \nUnited States. War Relocation Authority publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-131-mezzanine-16e8ca2215-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-242","model":"entity","index":"20 1995/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-242/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-242/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-242-mezzanine-1480661ae1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-242-mezzanine-1480661ae1-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Robert Cashman to American Consul General in Shanghai","description":"Affidavit in support of Ai Chih Tsai's appeal to return to U.S. with immigration status without qualification.","extent":"8.375W x 10.875H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-242","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Cashman, Robert"}],"topics":[{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Naturalization","id":"176"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- The journey","id":"3"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Cashman, Robert"},{"namepart":"Chicago Theological Seminary"},{"namepart":"Consulate General of the United States in Shanghai"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Chicago, Illinois","creation":"June 3, 1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Cashman, Robert author Tsai, Ai Chih \nCashman, Robert \nChicago Theological Seminary \nConsulate General of the United States in Shanghai \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa)","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-242-mezzanine-1480661ae1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-122","model":"entity","index":"21 1996/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-122/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-122/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-122-mezzanine-6f7baa6243-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-122-mezzanine-6f7baa6243-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Ai Chih Tsai to President Franklin D. Roosevelt","description":"Request for executive action to change status to \"friendly alien\" based on prior work for U.S. government in order to avoid deportation, to avoid consequences for wife and baby, and to allow Tsai to be considered for employment in the American Consulate in Formosa and Chinese Embassy [final draft]","extent":"8W x 10.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-122","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"World War II -- \"Enemy alien\" classification","id":"84"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation","id":"340"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Naturalization","id":"176"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"United States War Department Military Intelligence Service"},{"namepart":"The White House"},{"namepart":"Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano)"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Washington, District of Columbia","creation":"September 1, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ai Chih author Tsai, Ai Chih \nUnited States War Department Military Intelligence Service \nThe White House \nRoosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano)","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-122-mezzanine-6f7baa6243-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-100","model":"entity","index":"22 1997/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-100/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-100/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-100-mezzanine-fc7f46efca-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-100-mezzanine-fc7f46efca-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Ai Chih Tsai to Edward J. Ennis","description":"Petition to change Tsai's alien status with description of past efforts and employment record.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-100","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"World War II -- \"Enemy alien\" classification","id":"84"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"United States Alien Registration Division"},{"namepart":"Palmer, Albert W."},{"namepart":"Cashman, Robert"},{"namepart":"Chicago Theological Seminary"},{"namepart":"Columbia University"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"New York, New York","creation":"January 25, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ai Chih author Tsai, Ai Chih \nUnited States Alien Registration Division \nPalmer, Albert W. \nCashman, Robert \nChicago Theological Seminary \nColumbia University","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-100-mezzanine-fc7f46efca-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-101","model":"entity","index":"23 1998/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-101/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-101/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-101-mezzanine-623be82d2a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-101-mezzanine-623be82d2a-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Ai Chih Tsai to Robert Cashman","description":"Request for Cashman to write a letter to whom it may concern stating that Cashman advised Tsai to withdraw his petition for status change.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-101","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"World War II -- \"Enemy alien\" classification","id":"84"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"United States Alien Registration Division"},{"namepart":"Palmer, Albert W."},{"namepart":"Cashman, Robert"},{"namepart":"Chicago Theological Seminary"},{"namepart":"Columbia University"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"New York, New York","creation":"January 28, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ai Chih author Tsai, Ai Chih \nUnited States Alien Registration Division \nPalmer, Albert W. \nCashman, Robert \nChicago Theological Seminary \nColumbia University","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-101-mezzanine-623be82d2a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-123","model":"entity","index":"24 1999/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-123/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-123/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-123-mezzanine-3540ca080d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-123-mezzanine-3540ca080d-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Ai Chih Tsai to President Franklin D. Roosevelt","description":"Request for executive action to change status to \"friendly alien\" based on prior work for U.S. government in order to avoid deportation, to avoid consequences for wife and baby, and to allow Tsai to be considered for employment in the American Consulate in Formosa and Chinese Embassy [typed draft]","extent":"8W x 10.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-123","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"World War II -- \"Enemy alien\" classification","id":"84"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation","id":"340"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Naturalization","id":"176"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"United States War Department Military Intelligence Service"},{"namepart":"The White House"},{"namepart":"Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano)"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Washington, District of Columbia","creation":"September 1, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ai Chih author Tsai, Ai Chih \nUnited States War Department Military Intelligence Service \nThe White House \nRoosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano)","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-123-mezzanine-3540ca080d-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"United States","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}