{"total":2184,"limit":25,"offset":1950,"prev_offset":1925,"next_offset":1975,"page_size":25,"this_page":79,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=United States&limit=25&offset=1925","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=United States&limit=25&offset=1975","objects":[{"id":"75","model":"narrator","index":"0 1950/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/75/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/75/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nfumiko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nfumiko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/75/interviews/"},"display_name":"Fumiko M. Noji","bio":"Nisei female. Born October 13, 1909, in Bellingham, Washington. Lost her United States citizenship when she married an Issei through an arranged marriage. Before 1920, her husband's family established Columbia Greenhouse, one of the first Japanese American-owned greenhouse businesses. Incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Husband was held by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle before being interned in the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Briefly resettled with husband in Emmett, Idaho and Spokane, Washington before becoming one of the first families to return to Seattle where they resumed operation of the family greenhouse business."},{"id":"111","model":"narrator","index":"1 1951/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/111/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/111/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iyasashi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iyasashi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/111/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yasashi Ichikawa","bio":"Issei female. Born 1907 in Shimonoseki, Japan. Attended school in Japan, and was encouraged by father to study English. Married a Buddhist minister and immigrated to the United States. Lived in Fresno, California, then returned to Japan for two years. Moved to Seattle, Washington, where husband was a minister at the Seattle Buddhist Temple. During World War II, husband was arrested and imprisoned in the Crystal City Department of Justice Camp, Texas. Mrs. Ichikawa, with her seven children, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, then to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Joined husband in Crystal City before returning to run the Seattle Buddhist Temple."},{"id":"9","model":"narrator","index":"2 1952/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/fgeorge.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/fgeorge.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/9/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Fugami","bio":"Kibei male. Born August 1, 1915, in Portland, Oregon. Sent with siblings to be educated in Japan when ten years old. Returned to the United States in 1935. During World War II, was incarcerated at the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Active in Seattle's postwar Japanese American community as a member and past president of the First Hill Lions Club; past president of the Atlantic Street Center, past president of Franklin High School Band PTA, past zone chairman of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) and past JACL district governor, area 19-B. In his interview, discusses childhood memories of Japan and Japanese attitudes and values."},{"id":"415","model":"narrator","index":"3 1953/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/415/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/415/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfrank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfrank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/415/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Sumida","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 10, 1925, in Chicago, Illinois. Grew up primarily in Los Angeles, California, where parents ran a restaurant. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, where he participating in running an organized gambling operation. Moved briefly to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, before being sent to Tule Lake, California, after signing the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" Transferred to the Santa Fe Department of Justice internment camp, New Mexico. Upon wishes of parents, renounced U.S. citizenship and expatriated to Japan. Worked for the military government during the U.S. occupation of Japan. Eventually regained U.S. citizenship and returned to the United States."},{"id":"ddr-densho-7-14","model":"entity","index":"4 1954/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-7-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-7-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-14-mezzanine-4a01584a03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-14-mezzanine-4a01584a03-a.jpg"},"title":"WRA resettlement image","description":"Original WRA caption: The large Milwaukee auditorium, the biggest of its kind in the State of Wisconsin, is a scene for some of the largest community group activities and civic events in the city. The auditorium is used for athletic contests, industrial exhibits, entertainment, and for many other kinds of events. The auditorium is conveniently located in the downtown district of the city and easily accessible to all the townsfolk, including the many American Japanese who have resettled successfully in Milwaukee. Beginning in summer 1942, the War Relocation Authority (WRA) began to release incarcerees and encouraged them to resettle in areas of the United States other than the West Coast.","extent":"2128W x 1637H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-7-14","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Milwaukee, Wisconsin","creation":"1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-7-14-mezzanine-4a01584a03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-7-3","model":"entity","index":"5 1955/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-7-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-7-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-3-mezzanine-c80c5db22a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-3-mezzanine-c80c5db22a-a.jpg"},"title":"WRA resettlement image","description":"Original WRA caption: Mrs. George Isoda and Mrs. Masumi Kaneko patronize this well-stocked shopping center. This shopping center in the Shorewood district in Milwaukee is a short walk from the home of the Isodas and the Kanekos. Not only is this an excellent shopping center, but it is a meeting place for the young wives of the neighborhood who stop for friendly chats with their friends whom they meet bent on their own shopping tours. Beginning in summer 1942, the War Relocation Authority (WRA) began to release incarcerees and encouraged them to resettle in areas of the United States other than the West Coast.","extent":"2128W x 1666H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-7-3","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Isoda, George"},{"namepart":"Kaneko, Masumi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Milwaukee, Wisconsin","creation":"1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Isoda, George \nKaneko, Masumi","download_large":"ddr-densho-7-3-mezzanine-c80c5db22a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-7-4","model":"entity","index":"6 1956/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-7-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-7-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-4-mezzanine-492c085fe4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-4-mezzanine-492c085fe4-a.jpg"},"title":"WRA resettlement image","description":"Original WRA caption: The lagoon in Juneau Park on the lake's edge is a favorite for Milwaukee strollers and also with the Nisei who have resettled in Milwaukee. This picture shows an extremely mild winter day. The ducks on the lagoon are wild Mallards which often spend the winter at the Milwaukee lagoon and lake front because it is a wildlife refuge. These ducks become so tame that they will accept feed from the park strollers. Beginning in summer 1942, the War Relocation Authority (WRA) began to release incarcerees and encouraged them to resettle in areas of the United States other than the West Coast.","extent":"2128W x 1695H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-7-4","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Milwaukee, Wisconsin","creation":"1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-7-4-mezzanine-492c085fe4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-214","model":"entity","index":"7 1957/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-214/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-214/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-214-mezzanine-dcfb537418-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-214-mezzanine-dcfb537418-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Eva Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Alien Enemy Control Unit. Page 2 of 5.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified handwritten letter from Eva Koyama, daughter of Teru and Keizaburo Koyama, to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. She adds that both of her parents came to the United States in High School and went on to college. They worked hard to Americanize and raised their children to think of themselves as Americans, not Japanese Americans. She feels that her father is a great man who has worked hard to become an American and that she is having trouble understanding why he is being interned. Eva adds that her mother's health is bad and that she is unable to continue taking care of the family.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-214","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Eva"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Eva"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."},{"namepart":"Enemy Alien Control Unit"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"New Mexico","id":"502"},{"term":"Idaho","id":"491"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"},{"term":"Santa Fe","id":"27"}],"creation":"8/2/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Eva author Koyama, Keizaburo \nKoyama, Eva \nEnnis, Edward J. \nEnemy Alien Control Unit","download_large":"ddr-one-5-214-mezzanine-dcfb537418-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-188","model":"entity","index":"8 1958/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-188/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-188/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-188-mezzanine-6c3e7df0b0-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-188-mezzanine-6c3e7df0b0-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter of support from Thomas and Bertha Green for the reunification of Keizaburo Koyama with his family. Page 3 of 3.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified, notarized and handwritten letter from Thomas and Bertha Green in support of the reunification of Keizaburo Koyama with his family. On the final page, they write that Keizaburo wrote a letter from camp to his wife saying how proud he was to have three American-born children. They also state that they have never read a single complaint from Keizaburo in any of the letters he wrote from camp. They end the letter saying they know none of the affiliations of clubs that Keizaburo is part of, but feel that he is loyal to the United States and that he should be reunited with his family.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-188","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Green, Thomas J. and Bertha E."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Support from the non-Japanese American community","id":"80"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Green, Thomas J. and Bertha E."}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Seattle","id":"293"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"3/18/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Green, Thomas J. and Bertha E. author Koyama, Keizaburo \nGreen, Thomas J. and Bertha E.","download_large":"ddr-one-5-188-mezzanine-6c3e7df0b0-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-198","model":"entity","index":"9 1959/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-198/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-198/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-198-mezzanine-f0a8c67629-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-198-mezzanine-f0a8c67629-a.jpg"},"title":"Sworn statement by Eva C. Goodenough on behalf of Keizaburo Koyama. Page 3 of 3.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified seven point sworn statement from Eva C. Goodenough  on behalf of Keizaburo Koyama. The Notary Public for the form was for Hunt, Idaho, but was crossed out to reference Portland, Oregon. Mrs. Goodenough writes about a Japanese organization that Dr. Koyama belong to, though she cannot remember the name. She adds that that Dr. Koyama often discussed the group's business at her house and said that the goal of the group was to raise money for Japanese widows and orphans and to help with resettlement. She ends the document stating her support for Dr. Koyama and attesting to his loyalty to the United States.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-198","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Goodenough, Eva C."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Support from the non-Japanese American community","id":"80"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Goodenough, Eva C."}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Idaho","id":"491"},{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"blank_form","location":"Portland, Oregon","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"},{"term":"Camp Livingston","id":"55"}],"creation":"3/26/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Goodenough, Eva C. author Koyama, Keizaburo \nGoodenough, Eva C.","download_large":"ddr-one-5-198-mezzanine-f0a8c67629-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-21-17","model":"entity","index":"10 1960/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-21-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-21-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-21/ddr-pc-21-17-mezzanine-05f7a3ac9b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-21/ddr-pc-21-17-mezzanine-05f7a3ac9b-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 28 No. 17 (April 30, 1949)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Seattle to Dedicate Memorial to Nisei GIs\" (p. 1), \"Prejudice in San Francisco Against Nisei Group Told in Report to Mayor's Committee\" (p. 1), \"JACL Asks for Ending of Segregation in Army. Masaoka Urges Positive Action to Abolish Discrimination in United States Armed Forces\" (p. 1), \"Japan's Press Watches U.S. Move to Repeal Exclusion Law\" (p. 1), \"JACL Reports San Francisco Area Employers Discriminate Against Japanese Americans\" (p. 2), \"Japanese American Strandees May Initiate Mass Suit in Japan for U.S. Citizenship\" (p. 3), \"Mrs. Kingman Deplores Nisei Tendency to Self-Segregation. Urges Cooperation With Other Minorities Toward Common Goals\" (p. 3).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-21-17","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"April 30, 1949","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-21-17-mezzanine-05f7a3ac9b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-22-46","model":"entity","index":"11 1961/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-22-46/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-22-46/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-22/ddr-pc-22-46-mezzanine-b1145b3070-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-22/ddr-pc-22-46-mezzanine-b1145b3070-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 31 No. 20 (November 18, 1950)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Twelve Japanese Americans To Serve in Isle Legislature; Okino Election Called Surprise\" (p. 1), \"Plan to Speed Action on Claims of Aged Issei\" (p. 1), \"Kawakita Appeals Treason Conviction Before U.S. Court. Convicted of Charge of Brutal Treatment of War Prisoners\" (p. 1), \"Sen. McCarran Will Expedite Citizenship Bill, Says Masaoka\" (p. 1), \"Strandees Who Voted in 1946 Japan Elections Win Back Citizenship by Court Decree\" (p. 2), \"Two Tule Lake Renunciants File Court Cases. Sue to Obtain Right to Return to United States\" (p. 2), \"National Urban League May Expand Denver Activities to Aid Nisei in Job Placements\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-22-46","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"November 18, 1950","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-22-46-mezzanine-b1145b3070-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-52-18","model":"entity","index":"12 1962/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-52-18/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-52-18/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-52/ddr-csujad-52-18-mezzanine-57af61876c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-52/ddr-csujad-52-18-mezzanine-57af61876c-a.jpg"},"title":"Two children running between the barracks at Manzanar","description":"Two children appear to be running in an otherwise empty area at Manzanar. One can see barracks on either side of the image and a building in the center of the photo, behind a flagpole with the United States flag. Caption above the image reads, \"MANZANAR, Clif. Nov. 11 -- RELOCATION CENTER -- This California Historical Society photo shows Manzanar Relocation Center which housed Japanese-Americans during World War II. See wirestory advance for Nov. 12-13.\" See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/36617\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hslb_npc_0022</a>","extent":"sepia and black, 8.5 x 11 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-52-18","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Associated Press"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Historical Society of Long Beach, Long Beach, California","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"status":"completed","search_hidden":"Associated Press publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-52-18-mezzanine-57af61876c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-52-34","model":"entity","index":"13 1963/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-52-34/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-52-34/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-52/ddr-csujad-52-34-mezzanine-b4bcf28eef-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-52/ddr-csujad-52-34-mezzanine-b4bcf28eef-a.jpg"},"title":"Hannah Tomiko Holmes speaks at a press conference in Los Angeles about a lawsuit seeking reparations","description":"Caption next to image reads, \"LAWSUIT FILED AGAINST U.S.--Hannah Tomiko Holmes, a Japanese-American who was interned at Manzanar, speaks at a press conference in Los Angeles Wednesday during which it was announced that a lawsuit had been filed against the United States government by a group of Japanese-Americans who were interned during World War II. The suit seeks to represent more than 120,000 former internees as a class and seeks more than $24 billion in reparations.\" See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/36734\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hslb_npc_0038</a>","extent":"sepia and black, 8 x 11 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-52-34","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Associated Press"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Legal cases/coram nobis cases","id":"167"},{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Mobilizing and organizing the community","id":"111"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Historical Society of Long Beach, Long Beach, California","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"3/16/1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Associated Press publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-52-34-mezzanine-b4bcf28eef-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-148-189","model":"entity","index":"14 1964/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-148-189/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-148-189/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-148/ddr-densho-148-189-mezzanine-adb607abe3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-148/ddr-densho-148-189-mezzanine-adb607abe3-a.jpg"},"title":"Rocky Shimpo Vol. 12, No. 102 (August 24, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Fear Needless, Asserts Cozzens\"; \"On the Other Hand\"; \"Fighting Sgt. is Returning Home\"; \"Japanese Dentists May Soon Lose Their Jobs\"; \"More Than Half of Those Leaving Camp Go to Calif.\"; \"Rice Harvested in Louisiana: 23,000,000 Bushels\"; \"Judge Denies He Was Threatened\"; \"Scatter Them East of the Rockies -- They Say\"; \"United States Attorney Praises Nisei Draftees in Colorado State Area\"; \"Congressman Calls Plan 'A Monstrous Idea'\"; \"JACD Reorganizes; Sets Up Coordinating Unit\"; \"3000 Marched at Head of Parade\"; \"Five Appealing Jail Sentences at Tule Lake\"; \"Urge Them to be Given Priorities\"; \"V-J Day Was Quiet\"; \"University Artist to Return to His Job Soon\"; \"Want Ads Today.\"","extent":"1576W x 2132H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-148-189","format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","creation":"August 24, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-148-189-mezzanine-adb607abe3-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-379-750","model":"entity","index":"15 1965/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-379-750/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-379-750/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-379/ddr-densho-379-750-mezzanine-be66b14562-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-379/ddr-densho-379-750-mezzanine-be66b14562-a.jpg"},"title":"Chimata Sumida Department of Justice Case File","description":"Chimata Sumida's Department of Justice File includes the warrant for his arrest on January 19, 1942; a FBI investigation report that focused on Sumida's store and the inclusion of a stock of radios with short-wave capabilities; Sumida's Alien Enemy Questionnaire; and a transcript of his hearing for parole from Fort Missoula. Chimata Sumida's hearing for parole focused on his business, community involvement, and his feelings about what loyalty he held toward Japan and the United States. The original decision by the hearing committee was for further internment, but a further review decided that Chimata Sumida would be paroled. The parole notice was dated July 12, 1942.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-379-750","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Department of Justice camps","id":"82"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Retail","id":"368"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr007bb08","namepart":"Chimata Sumida"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","facility":[{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"}],"creation":"1941-1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Chimata Sumida 88922nr007bb08","download_large":"ddr-densho-379-750-mezzanine-be66b14562-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-1-256","model":"entity","index":"16 1966/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-1-256/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-1-256/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-1/ddr-njpa-1-256-mezzanine-4d2325109b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-1/ddr-njpa-1-256-mezzanine-4d2325109b-a.jpg"},"title":"Ira C. Eaker leaving his plan, the \"Yankee Doodle\"","description":"Caption on reverse: \"These Men Made First All-U.S. Raid on Nazi Europe. A dozen American Flying Fortresses, manned by United States Army Air Force crews and personally led by Brigadier General Ira C. Eaker, bombed Rouen, France, 87 miles northeast of Paris, in the first all-U.S. bombing attack on German-held Europe. Not a single American plane was lost in the day supply lines. The Flying Fortresses dropped their entire bomb loads directly on the target area. Freight yards, trains, and roundhouses were destroyed. There was not a single American casualty. - Back from the raid, Brig. General Eaker leaves his plane, called the 'Yankee Doodle.'\"","extent":"3W x 4.25H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-1-256","format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Eaker, Ira C."}],"contributor":"Hawai'i Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","creation":"c.1940s","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Eaker, Ira C.","download_large":"ddr-njpa-1-256-mezzanine-4d2325109b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-1-1832","model":"entity","index":"17 1967/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-1-1832/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-1-1832/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-1/ddr-njpa-1-1832-mezzanine-6c365bbffb-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-1/ddr-njpa-1-1832-mezzanine-6c365bbffb-a.jpg"},"title":"Carl Spaatz and Henry Arnold speaking to each other","description":"Caption on reverse: \"U.S. air chiefs in Italy. Lieutenant General Carl A. Spaatz (left) and General Henry H. Arnold, Commanding General of the United States Army Air Forces, talk things over during a visit by Gen. Arnold to the Naples sector in Italy following historic Allied conferences in Cairo, Egypt, and Teheran, Iran. Gen. Spaatz, at the time this picture was taken, was deputy commander of the Allied air forces in the Mediterranean theater. However, President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the U.S., in his Christmas Eve address to the American Nation, announced that Gen. Spaatz had been named as commander of the U.S. Army strategic bombing forces against Germany.\"","extent":"7W x 4.75H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-1-1832","format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Spaatz, Carl A."},{"namepart":"Arnold, Henry H."}],"contributor":"Hawai'i Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Italy","creation":"c.1940s","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Spaatz, Carl A. \nArnold, Henry H.","download_large":"ddr-njpa-1-1832-mezzanine-6c365bbffb-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-399","model":"entity","index":"18 1968/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-399/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-399/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-fpeggy-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-fpeggy-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Peggy S. Furukawa Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born March 30, 1928, in San Jose, California. Prior to World War II, sent by father to live in Japan with relatives. Remained in Japan during the war, attending school and working in an airplane parts factory to support the Japanese war effort. Eventually returned to the United States and San Jose.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:31:37","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-399","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":648,"namepart":"Peggy S. Furukawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","creation":"March 20, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Peggy S. Furukawa narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-fpeggy-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-7","model":"entity","index":"19 1969/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-fgeorge-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-fgeorge-01-a.jpg"},"title":"George Fugami Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born August 1, 1915, in Portland, Oregon. Sent with siblings to be educated in Japan when ten years old. Returned to the United States in 1935. During World War II, was incarcerated at the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Active in Seattle's postwar Japanese American community as a member and past president of the First Hill Lions Club; past president of the Atlantic Street Center, past president of Franklin High School Band PTA, past zone chairman of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) and past JACL district governor, area 19-B. In his interview, discusses childhood memories of Japan and Japanese attitudes and values.","extent":"01:56:53","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-7","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":9,"namepart":"George Fugami"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Dee Goto"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr006mh62","namepart":"Fugami, George Sadamitsu"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"June 15, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"George Fugami narrator \nDee Goto interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Fugami, George Sadamitsu 88922nr006mh62","download_large":"denshovh-fgeorge-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-72","model":"entity","index":"20 1970/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-72/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-72/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nfumiko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nfumiko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Fumiko M. Noji Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born October 13, 1909, in Bellingham, Washington. Lost her United States citizenship when she married an Issei through an arranged marriage. Before 1920, her husband's family established Columbia Greenhouse, one of the first Japanese American-owned greenhouse businesses. Incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Husband was held by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle before being interned in the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Briefly resettled with husband in Emmett, Idaho and Spokane, Washington before becoming one of the first families to return to Seattle where they resumed operation of the family greenhouse business.","extent":"01:39:17","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-72","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":75,"namepart":"Fumiko M. Noji"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Dee Goto"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr010rg7m","namepart":"Noji, Fumi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bellevue, Washington","creation":"April 22, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fumiko M. Noji narrator \nDee Goto interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Noji, Fumi 88922nr010rg7m","download_large":"denshovh-nfumiko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1001-34","model":"entity","index":"21 1971/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1001-34/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1001-34/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-stadashi-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-stadashi-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tadashi Sakuma Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born May 20, 1913, in Hiroshima, Japan, and immigrated to the United States at the age of eleven. Lived on Bainbridge Island, Washington. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, later transferring to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, lived in Moses Lake, Washington, for a time before eventually returning to Bainbridge Island.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:36:01","links_children":"ddr-densho-1001-34","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":285,"namepart":"Tadashi Sakuma"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Gary Sakuma"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr012d53x","namepart":"Sakuma, Tadashi"}],"contributor":"Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","creation":"August 5, 2007","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tadashi Sakuma narrator \nGary Sakuma interviewer Sakuma, Tadashi 88922nr012d53x","download_large":"denshovh-stadashi-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1024-19","model":"entity","index":"22 1972/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1024-19/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1024-19/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-19-mezzanine-129a19ab4e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-19-mezzanine-129a19ab4e-a.jpg"},"title":"The Japanese American","description":"Traces the relationship between the United States and Japan from Commodore Perry's mission in 1854 to the era of World War II, when Japanese Americans were declared enemy aliens and shipped to relocation camps. Shows how Japanese Americans have overcome early discrimination to become one of the most successful ethnic groups. From the collection of the Asian Pacific Resource Center at the LA County Library.\r\n\r\nSee this item in the <a href=\"https://archive.org/details/digital-library-of-japanese-american-incarceration-films\" target=\"blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Digital Library of the Japanese American Incarceration Films</a> at: <a href=\"https://archive.org/details/japaneseamericanmontebello601apc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://archive.org/details/japaneseamericanmontebello601apc</a>.","extent":"00:29:22; 1 Reel of 16mm Film","links_children":"ddr-densho-1024-19","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Handel Film Corporation"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"motion_picture","creation":"1974","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Handel Film Corporation publisher","download_large":"ddr-densho-1024-19-mezzanine-129a19ab4e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-37-466","model":"entity","index":"23 1973/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-37-466/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-37-466/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-466-mezzanine-e669ddf279-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-466-mezzanine-e669ddf279-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese American couple","description":"Original WRA caption: Heart Mountain Relocation Center, Heart Mountain, Wyoming. Alice and Bill Hosokawa, young Americans of Japanese ancestry now residing at Heart Mountain. Bill, whose father came to the United States many years ago is a recognized Nisei leader, a graduate of the University of Washington, West coast newspaper man, foreign correspondent for the Shanghai Times and Far East Review and Editor of the Singapore Herald. Bill and Alice have lived in Japan and China, and Bill has traveled extensively in Mongolia and Melashia. His column in the Pacific Citizen and his editorials in the Sentinel reflect his wide experience in the indomitable faith in Americanism.","extent":"10W x 10H","links_children":"ddr-densho-37-466","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Parker, Tom"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Alice"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"photograph","location":"Cody, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"January 8, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Parker, Tom photographer Hosokawa, Bill \nHosokawa, Alice","download_large":"ddr-densho-37-466-mezzanine-e669ddf279-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-56-212","model":"entity","index":"24 1974/{'value': 2184, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-212/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-56-212/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-212-mezzanine-c329b7c3c9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-212-mezzanine-c329b7c3c9-a.jpg"},"title":"America's Frown Has Put End to Japanese Colonization Scheme. President Taft Submits to Senate Statement by Knox Announcing Attitude Assumed by United States. Sale of Property in Mexico Discouraged. (May 1, 1912)","description":"The Seattle Daily Times, May 1, 1912, pp. 1, 4","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-56-212","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Seattle Times Company"}],"topics":[{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Anti-immigration sentiment","id":"178"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"periodical","creation":"May 1, 1912","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Seattle Times Company publisher","download_large":"ddr-densho-56-212-mezzanine-c329b7c3c9-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"United States","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}