{"total":261,"limit":25,"offset":175,"prev_offset":150,"next_offset":200,"page_size":25,"this_page":8,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=United States; Japan&limit=25&offset=150","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=United States; Japan&limit=25&offset=200","objects":[{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-271","model":"entity","index":"0 175/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-271/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-271/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hfrank-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hfrank-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank H. Hirata Interview","description":"Kibei-Nisei male. Born November 19, 1925, in Spokane, Washington. At the age of ten, went to Japan with grandfather. During World War II, was conscripted into the Japanese army, and was still in training when the war ended. After the war, continued education, graduating from Kyoto University with a law degree. Got married in 1957 and returned to the United States. Became involved in the fight to save Los Angeles' Little Tokyo from further encroachment from City Hall. Worked in public relations for Bank of Tokyo, which later became Union Bank.","extent":"02:03:15","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-271","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":451,"namepart":"Frank H. Hirata"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Culver City, California","creation":"February 23, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank H. Hirata narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hfrank-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-phljacl-1-16","model":"entity","index":"1 176/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-phljacl-1-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-phljacl-1-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-phljacl-1/ddr-phljacl-1-16-1-mezzanine-ab838edb8b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-phljacl-1/ddr-phljacl-1-16-1-mezzanine-ab838edb8b-a.jpg"},"title":"George Oye Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born 1915 in Florin, California. From age seven to seventeen, lived in Japan when the family decided to move there. Returned to the United States in 1932 and attended school. Accepted into the California civil services, but was fired after World War II began. During the war, removed to the Fresno Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Left camp with sister and her husband and found a job at the University of Pennsylvania. Eventually spent career working for the American Friends Service Committee.","extent":"0:32:55","links_children":"ddr-phljacl-1-16","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":1067,"namepart":"George Oye"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Herbert J. Horikawa"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"JACL Philadelphia","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Medford, New Jersey","creation":"October 23, 1994","status":"completed","search_hidden":"George Oye narrator \nHerbert J. Horikawa interviewer","download_large":"ddr-phljacl-1-16-1-mezzanine-ab838edb8b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-167","model":"entity","index":"2 177/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-167/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-167/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-167-mezzanine-a48b95998a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-167-mezzanine-a48b95998a-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from William K. Koyama from the Minidoka Concentration Camp to the United States Attorney Carl C. Donaugh asking him to parole his father, Keizaburo Koyama. Page 3 of 4.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified letter written by Keizaburo Koyama's son, William, to the United States Attorney Carl C. Donaugh asking him to release his father to the Minidoka War Relocation Center. William continues that his mom is in poor health and may not live much longer without being reunited with her husband. He does not wish to be interned so that he can be with his father. Like him, William turned down being repatriated to Japan. He states that he is a member of the Boy Scouts of America and is currently training Cub Scouts in Minidoka. He previously helped harvest sugar beets and would continue to do so if he had a chance as it would help towards the war effort.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-167","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, William K."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, William K."},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Boy Scouts of America"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"},{"term":"Camp Livingston","id":"55"}],"creation":"04/19/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, William K. author Koyama, William K. \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nBoy Scouts of America","download_large":"ddr-one-5-167-mezzanine-a48b95998a-a.jpg"},{"id":"569","model":"narrator","index":"3 178/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/569/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/569/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/oruth.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/oruth.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/569/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ruth Y. Okimoto","bio":"Nisei female. Born April 15, 1936, in Tokyo, Japan. Brought to the United States with parents at the age of one, and grew up in San Diego, California, where father was a minister. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. After the war, forged connections with the Colorado River Indian Tribes and studied their historical relationship with the Poston concentration camp."},{"id":"782","model":"narrator","index":"4 179/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/782/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/782/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/syoshimitsu.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/syoshimitsu.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/782/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yoshimitsu Suyematsu","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 30, 1927, on Bainbridge Island, Washington. Grew up on Bainbridge, where parents ran a strawberry farm. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, then transferred to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, returned to Bainbridge for a time and then volunteered for the military, serving in Japan during the U.S. occupation. After returning to the United States, established a farm in Ontario, Oregon."},{"id":"554","model":"narrator","index":"5 180/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/554/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/554/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/lhannah.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/lhannah.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/554/interviews/"},"display_name":"Hannah Lai","bio":"Nisei female. Born April 11, 1923, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Seattle, where parents ran a hotel. Went to live in Japan for several years prior to World War II. During the war, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. While in Minidoka, recruited to teach elementary school, and later left camp to attend a teaching college in Wisconsin. After World War II, received a Fulbright scholarship to study special education methods in Japan. Returned to the United States and settled in Oakland, California."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-14","model":"entity","index":"6 181/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-14-mezzanine-e233038c47-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-14-mezzanine-e233038c47-a.jpg"},"title":"Kibei Nisei at Camp Rupert, Idaho","description":"A photo of Goerge Nobuo Naohara's Kibei friend. It is presumably taken at Axel Johnson Ranch in Utah. The caption reads: After graduating from Meiji University, Tokyo Japan, I came back to the United States. Then, the outbreak of the war between Japan and the U.S.! After the incarceration at the Manzanar camp, I came to Idaho. But all that was waiting for me was such a hard work. [In Japanese]. A photo from \"George Naohara photo album\" (csudh_nao_0001), page 2. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/15717\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nao_01_02_002</a>","extent":"black and white, 3.5 x 2.5 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-14","topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Work leave","id":"103"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture -- Farming","id":"345"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Utah","id":"506"}],"format":"img","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Utah","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-14-mezzanine-e233038c47-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-394","model":"entity","index":"7 182/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-394/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-394/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tminoru_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tminoru_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Minoru Tajii Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born February 23, 1924, in Brawley, California. Grew up in El Centro, California, where parents ran a farm. During World War II, was removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Family signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and transferred to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, then to Japan. Lived and worked in Japan until 1950 before returning to the United States.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:50:28","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-394","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":643,"namepart":"Minoru Tajii"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr011pt86","namepart":"Tajii, Minoru"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Gardena, California","creation":"February 14, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Minoru Tajii narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Tajii, Minoru 88922nr011pt86","download_large":"denshovh-tminoru_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"111","model":"narrator","index":"8 183/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/111/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/111/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iyasashi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iyasashi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/111/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yasashi Ichikawa","bio":"Issei female. Born 1907 in Shimonoseki, Japan. Attended school in Japan, and was encouraged by father to study English. Married a Buddhist minister and immigrated to the United States. Lived in Fresno, California, then returned to Japan for two years. Moved to Seattle, Washington, where husband was a minister at the Seattle Buddhist Temple. During World War II, husband was arrested and imprisoned in the Crystal City Department of Justice Camp, Texas. Mrs. Ichikawa, with her seven children, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, then to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Joined husband in Crystal City before returning to run the Seattle Buddhist Temple."},{"id":"419","model":"narrator","index":"9 184/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/419/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/419/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ykiyoshi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ykiyoshi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/419/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kiyoshi Seishin Yamashita","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 14, 1920, in Kent, Washington. Grew up in the nearby town of Auburn, where parents ran a farm. Family was involved Auburn Buddhist Church. Graduated from the University of Washington in 1942 and removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Recruited out of Tule Lake to teach at the Naval Intelligence Language School in Boulder, Colorado. Worked in Japan as a linguist for the U.S. government during the U.S. occupation. While in Japan, became a Buddhist minister. Eventually returned to the United States and worked for the Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research."},{"id":"761","model":"narrator","index":"10 185/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/761/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/761/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/myoji.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/myoji.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/761/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yoji J. Matsushima","bio":"Nisei male. Born January 31, 1933, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in Portland, where parents ran a general merchandise store. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp for the East Coast because parents wanted to repatriate to Japan. Did not secure a place on the USS Gripsholm, so remained in the United States and went to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas. After the war, returned to Portland."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-25","model":"collection","index":"11 186/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-25/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-25/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-25/ddr-csujad-25-114-mezzanine-1260c80152-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-25/ddr-csujad-25-114-mezzanine-1260c80152-a.jpg"},"title":"UC Santa Barbara Japanese in America, circa early 1900s-1960s","description":"Japanese in America, circa early 1900s-1960s, boxes 7-12: The collection contains photographs and albums of the Japanese in the United States, mainly Washington, California, Colorado, and Utah. The photographs include family portraits and snapshots capturing their community activities and local events, such as picnic, wedding, funeral, local associations’ activities, etc., mostly taken in the early 1900s. Also includes sets of photographs and albums compiled by the Taenaka family, a Japanese family settled in Los Angeles, California. The Taenaka family photographs depict their lives as Japanese immigrants, Nisei children, and Kibei soldier participating in the war as well as their Japanese family relationship in pre-war and post-war Japan.","links_children":"ddr-csujad-25","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"10 linear feet"}],"language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Department of Special Research Collections, UC Santa Barbara Library","public":"1","rights":"nocc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"10 linear feet author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-25-114-mezzanine-1260c80152-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-317","model":"entity","index":"12 187/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-317/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-317/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hizumi-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hizumi-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Izumi Hirano Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born February 25, 1929, in Hilo, Hawaii. At the age of four, moved to Japan, where family operated a farm. Attended school in Japan during World War II. Was in school in Hiroshima when the United States dropped the atomic bomb in 1945. Survived the bombing along with mother and brother. In 1949, returned to Hawaii and eventually became involved in establishing an organization of atomic bomb survivors.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:41:05","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-317","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":547,"namepart":"Izumi Hirano"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"March 1, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Izumi Hirano narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hizumi-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-4-2142","model":"entity","index":"13 188/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-4-2142/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-4-2142/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-2142-master-36b5c28419-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-2142-master-36b5c28419-a.jpg"},"title":"Short article regarding Yasuzo Shimizu's wife","description":"Article: \"Mrs. Shimizu Here For Three-Week Visit. Mrs. Ikuko Shimizu, wife of Yasuzo Shimizu of the Obirin Gakuen near Tokyo, arrived here this morning aboard the APL liner President Cleveland after a year's tour of the mainland United States. She will remain here for about three weeks, and is scheduled to sail for Japan on the President Wilson Mar. 7.\nDuring her stay in Honolulu she will be the house guest of the Rev. and Mrs. Kichiro Fukuda at 1406 Alexander street. She will address various groups here and also plans to visit the other islands.\"","extent":"3W x 1.5H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-4-2142","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Shimizu, Ikuko"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"clipping","creation":"c. Feb. 1953","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Shimizu, Ikuko","download_large":"ddr-njpa-4-2142-master-36b5c28419-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-16-18","model":"entity","index":"14 189/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-16-18/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-16-18/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-16/ddr-pc-16-18-mezzanine-85d2d54742-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-16/ddr-pc-16-18-mezzanine-85d2d54742-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 18 No. 14 (April 29, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Nisei Battalion Fighting on Anzio Beachhead\" (p. 1), \"Army Says Nisei Will Not Be Used in Combat Against Japan\" (p. 1), \"Young Japanese Alien Gets American Citizenship Through Service in United States Army\" (p. 1), \"Student Relocation Program Successful, Reports Hibbard\" (p. 2), \"WRA Reopens Isolation Camp in Arizona. Leupp Will House Troublemakers from Tule Lake Center\" (p. 2), \"\"U.S. Supreme Court Postpones Test Cases. Mitsuye Endo Detention Appeal Sent to High Tribunal When Lower Court, Unable to Decide\" (p. 3), \"Report Tension Between Groups at Tule Lake Center\" (p. 8), \"Race Tensions Discussed at JACL Meeting\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-16-18","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"April 29, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-16-18-mezzanine-85d2d54742-a.jpg"},{"id":"178","model":"narrator","index":"15 190/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/178/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/178/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/atom.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/atom.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/178/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tom Akashi","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 7, 1929, in Merced, California. Grew up in Mount Eden, California, and was removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Incarcerated at the Topaz concentration camp in Utah, then moved to Tule Lake concentration camp after family volunteered to move to Japan. While at Tule Lake, joined a pro-Japan organization created by father, the Sokoku Kenkyu Seinen Dan, (Young Men's Association for the Study of the Motherland). Renounced U.S. citizenship and expatriated to Japan with parents and siblings in 1945. Lived and worked in Japan until 1948, when returned to the United States. Author of Betrayed Trust: The Story of a Deported Issei and His American-Born Family During WWII, published in 2004."},{"id":"9","model":"narrator","index":"16 191/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/fgeorge.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/fgeorge.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/9/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Fugami","bio":"Kibei male. Born August 1, 1915, in Portland, Oregon. Sent with siblings to be educated in Japan when ten years old. Returned to the United States in 1935. During World War II, was incarcerated at the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Active in Seattle's postwar Japanese American community as a member and past president of the First Hill Lions Club; past president of the Atlantic Street Center, past president of Franklin High School Band PTA, past zone chairman of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) and past JACL district governor, area 19-B. In his interview, discusses childhood memories of Japan and Japanese attitudes and values."},{"id":"415","model":"narrator","index":"17 192/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/415/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/415/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfrank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfrank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/415/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Sumida","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 10, 1925, in Chicago, Illinois. Grew up primarily in Los Angeles, California, where parents ran a restaurant. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, where he participating in running an organized gambling operation. Moved briefly to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, before being sent to Tule Lake, California, after signing the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" Transferred to the Santa Fe Department of Justice internment camp, New Mexico. Upon wishes of parents, renounced U.S. citizenship and expatriated to Japan. Worked for the military government during the U.S. occupation of Japan. Eventually regained U.S. citizenship and returned to the United States."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1004-9","model":"entity","index":"18 193/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1004-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1004-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1004/denshovh-mroy-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1004/denshovh-mroy-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Roy Matsumoto Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born May 1, 1913, in Laguna, California. Lived in Japan from childhood through teenage years, before returning to the United States during high school. Incarcerated in the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Volunteered for the U.S. army in 1942, and was inducted in the Military Intelligence Service. Selected for a dangerous mission in Burma, becoming one of the famed Merrill's Marauders. Provided crucial intelligence information for the U.S. government after tapping into a Japanese army communications wire in Burma. Instrumental in a mission to hold Nhpum Ga hill in Burma, in which he shouted military orders in Japanese to confuse the attacking Japanese soldiers. Awarded the Legion of Merit from the U.S. military, and stationed in China and Japan after the war. Met future wife while working undercover in Japan. Inducted into the Ranger Hall of Fame in 1993.","extent":"01:59:59","links_children":"ddr-densho-1004-9","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":151,"namepart":"Roy H. Matsumoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"gayle k. yamada"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Peter Marshall"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs43","namepart":"Matsumoto, Roy Hiroshi"}],"contributor":"gayle k. yamada Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Washington, D.C.","creation":"November 8, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Roy H. 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Born March 26, 1912, in Yamaguchi-ken, Japan. Immigrated to United States in 1919. Lived in Pomeroy, Washington, and Seattle, Washington, before World War II. Incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Resettled in New York. As a member of the Newspaper Guild, led effort to eliminate pejorative use of \"Jap\" in newspapers. Was a strong critic of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL). After moving to Seattle, was active in formulating the \"Seattle Plan\" for redress in the early 1970s."},{"id":"451","model":"narrator","index":"21 196/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/451/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/451/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hfrank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hfrank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/451/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank H. Hirata","bio":"Kibei-Nisei male. Born November 19, 1925, in Spokane, Washington. At the age of ten, went to Japan with grandfather. During World War II, was conscripted into the Japanese army, and was still in training when the war ended. After the war, continued education, graduating from Kyoto University with a law degree. Got married in 1957 and returned to the United States. Became involved in the fight to save Los Angeles' Little Tokyo from further encroachment from City Hall. Worked in public relations for Bank of Tokyo, which later became Union Bank."},{"id":"1067","model":"narrator","index":"22 197/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1067/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1067/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-16_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-16_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1067/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Oye","bio":"Kibei male. Born 1915 in Florin, California. From age seven to seventeen, lived in Japan when the family decided to move there. Returned to the United States in 1932 and attended school. Accepted into the California civil services, but was fired after World War II began. During the war, removed to the Fresno Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Left camp with sister and her husband and found a job at the University of Pennsylvania. Eventually spent career working for the American Friends Service Committee."},{"id":"ddr-pc-21-17","model":"entity","index":"23 198/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-21-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-21-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-21/ddr-pc-21-17-mezzanine-05f7a3ac9b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-21/ddr-pc-21-17-mezzanine-05f7a3ac9b-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 28 No. 17 (April 30, 1949)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Seattle to Dedicate Memorial to Nisei GIs\" (p. 1), \"Prejudice in San Francisco Against Nisei Group Told in Report to Mayor's Committee\" (p. 1), \"JACL Asks for Ending of Segregation in Army. Masaoka Urges Positive Action to Abolish Discrimination in United States Armed Forces\" (p. 1), \"Japan's Press Watches U.S. Move to Repeal Exclusion Law\" (p. 1), \"JACL Reports San Francisco Area Employers Discriminate Against Japanese Americans\" (p. 2), \"Japanese American Strandees May Initiate Mass Suit in Japan for U.S. Citizenship\" (p. 3), \"Mrs. Kingman Deplores Nisei Tendency to Self-Segregation. Urges Cooperation With Other Minorities Toward Common Goals\" (p. 3).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-21-17","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"April 30, 1949","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-21-17-mezzanine-05f7a3ac9b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-22-46","model":"entity","index":"24 199/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-22-46/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-22-46/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-22/ddr-pc-22-46-mezzanine-b1145b3070-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-22/ddr-pc-22-46-mezzanine-b1145b3070-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 31 No. 20 (November 18, 1950)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Twelve Japanese Americans To Serve in Isle Legislature; Okino Election Called Surprise\" (p. 1), \"Plan to Speed Action on Claims of Aged Issei\" (p. 1), \"Kawakita Appeals Treason Conviction Before U.S. Court. Convicted of Charge of Brutal Treatment of War Prisoners\" (p. 1), \"Sen. McCarran Will Expedite Citizenship Bill, Says Masaoka\" (p. 1), \"Strandees Who Voted in 1946 Japan Elections Win Back Citizenship by Court Decree\" (p. 2), \"Two Tule Lake Renunciants File Court Cases. Sue to Obtain Right to Return to United States\" (p. 2), \"National Urban League May Expand Denver Activities to Aid Nisei in Job Placements\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-22-46","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"November 18, 1950","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-22-46-mezzanine-b1145b3070-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"United States; Japan","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}