(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:29:18","links_children":"ddr-one-7-8","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":677,"namepart":"Kay Sweeney"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alison Walcott"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tim Rooney"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"February 26, 2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kay Sweeney narrator \nAlison Walcott interviewer \nTim Rooney videographer","download_large":"denshovh-skay-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-324","model":"entity","index":"3 128/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-324/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-324/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-lhannah-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-lhannah-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Hannah Lai Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born April 11, 1923, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Seattle, where parents ran a hotel. Went to live in Japan for several years prior to World War II. During the war, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. While in Minidoka, recruited to teach elementary school, and later left camp to attend a teaching college in Wisconsin. After World War II, received a Fulbright scholarship to study special education methods in Japan. Returned to the United States and settled in Oakland, California.","extent":"01:53:27","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-324","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":554,"namepart":"Hannah Lai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zw3z","namepart":"Ikeda, Hanako Hannah"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Emeryville, California","creation":"March 14, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hannah Lai narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Ikeda, Hanako Hannah 88922nr015zw3z","download_large":"denshovh-lhannah-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-121","model":"entity","index":"4 129/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-121/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-121/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ocharles-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ocharles-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Charles Olds Interview","description":"White male. Born 1913 in Karuizawa, Japan, to missionary parents. Attended Canadian school in Kobe, Japan, before coming to the United States with his older brother. He attended the University of Chicago School of Social Work, then volunteered to work for the War Relocation Authority (WRA). He later worked as a relocation officer in the concentration camps in Poston, Arizona, and Tule Lake, California. Mr. Olds was inducted into the army in 1945.
(This interview took place at the 2000 Tule Lake Pilgrimage in Klamath Falls, Oregon.)","extent":"00:34:27","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-121","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":119,"namepart":"Charles Olds"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Hamada"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Klamath Falls, Oregon","creation":"July 3, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Charles Olds narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nSteve Hamada videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ocharles-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-107-29","model":"entity","index":"5 130/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-107-29/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-107-29/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-107/ddr-densho-107-29-mezzanine-848cb36559-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-107/ddr-densho-107-29-mezzanine-848cb36559-a.jpg"},"title":"Portraits of elderly couple","description":"Roy Matsumoto's paternal grandparents. Roy's paternal grandfather, Wakamatsu, was the youngest son of the Matsumoto family. He married his sweetheart and came to Kauai, HI, as a government contract laborer to work in the sugar cane fields. Upon completion of the contract, he came to the mainland United States, leased land in southern California, and operated a truck farm. His relatives and other villagers from Hiroshima came to work at his farm. Upon his early retirement, he returned to Hiroshima, Japan, and Roy's mother Tei took over the farm. Roy's paternal grandmother Haru came from the Motoyama Clan of Hiroshima. She went to Hawaii with her husband, Wakamatsu. Upon his departure from Hawaii to the mainland United States, she returned to Japan with her children (Roy's uncle Frank and Aunt Masayo, both born in Kauai, HI). Many years later, her husband Wakamatsu rejoined her in Hiroshima. They were born in Keio Era (1860s) and peacefully passed away when the war ended in 1945.","links_children":"ddr-densho-107-29","format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Roy"},{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Tei"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"portrait","location":"Jigozen, Hiroshima, Japan","creation":"c.1940","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Matsumoto, Roy \nMatsumoto, Tei","download_large":"ddr-densho-107-29-mezzanine-848cb36559-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-197","model":"entity","index":"6 131/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-197/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-197/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-197-mezzanine-6f705f69a1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-197-mezzanine-6f705f69a1-a.jpg"},"title":"Sworn statement by Eva C. Goodenough on behalf of Keizaburo Koyama. Page 2 of 3.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified seven point sworn statement from Eva C. Goodenough on behalf of Keizaburo Koyama. On this page, Mrs. Goodenough writes about Dr. Koyama's reputation, stating that it is \"above reproach.\" She contacted several schools and individuals that had dealings with Dr. Koyama and all \"expressed their confidence in him.\" As to his loyalty to the United States. Mrs. Goodenough talked about Dr. Koyama's decision to raise his children as American citizens with no intentions of taking them to Japan. She adds that Dr. Koyama has on several occasions stated that he would never take up arms against the United States. She feels that with Mrs. Koyama's health and the American way the Koyamas have raised their children is sufficient enough reason to reunite the family with Dr. Koyama.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-197","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Goodenough, Eva C."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Support from the non-Japanese American community","id":"80"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Goodenough, Eva C."}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Idaho","id":"491"},{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"blank_form","location":"Portland, Oregon","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"},{"term":"Camp Livingston","id":"55"}],"creation":"3/26/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Goodenough, Eva C. author Koyama, Keizaburo \nGoodenough, Eva C.","download_large":"ddr-one-5-197-mezzanine-6f705f69a1-a.jpg"},{"id":"854","model":"narrator","index":"7 132/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/854/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/854/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/okenji_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/okenji_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/854/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kenji Ogawa","bio":"Sansei male. Born April 16, 1942, in Manzanar, California. In 1943, parents signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and were transferred to the Tule Lake segregation center, California. Moved with family to Japan, and returned to the United States in the 1950s to attend high school."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-338-10","model":"segment","index":"8 133/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-338-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-338-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-utetsushi-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-utetsushi-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tetsushi Marvin Uratsu Interview Segment 10","description":"Considering allegiance to Japan versus the United States as a child
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:05:15","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-338-10","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":576,"namepart":"Tetsushi Marvin Uratsu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Emeryville, California","creation":"May 26, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tetsushi Marvin Uratsu narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-utetsushi-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-153-2","model":"segment","index":"9 134/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-153-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-153-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mroy-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mroy-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Roy H. Matsumoto Interview Segment 2","description":"Family background: parents' immigration to the United States in the early 1900s
Although Mr. Matsumoto does not identify himself as a Kibei (American-born person of Japanese ancestry sent to Japan for formal education and socialization when young and later returned to the U.S.), some of his life experiences are similar to those who do identify themselves as such.","extent":"00:04:11","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-153-2","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":151,"namepart":"Roy H. Matsumoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Life in Japan and reasons for leaving","id":"2"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 17 & 18, 2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Roy H. Matsumoto narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-mroy-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-290-9","model":"segment","index":"10 135/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-290-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-290-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-htakashi_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-htakashi_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Takashi Hoshizaki Interview Segment 9","description":"Father's thoughts on impending war between Japan and the United States
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:08:06","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-290-9","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":505,"namepart":"Takashi Hoshizaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Jim Gatewood"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Los Angeles, California","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1002608\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"July 28, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Takashi Hoshizaki narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nJim Gatewood interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-htakashi_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-4-1895","model":"entity","index":"11 136/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-4-1895/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-4-1895/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-1895-master-143e35f807-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-1895-master-143e35f807-a.jpg"},"title":"Kocho Otani and his wife wearing leis","description":"Caption on reverse: \"ARCHBISHOP OTANI HERE: Archbishop Kocho Otani of the Otani-ha Higashi Hongwanji and Lady Otani arrived in Honolulu this morning at 9 aboard the Matson liner Lurline from Los Angeles for a 10-day stay in the islands before resuming their trip back to Japan on the APL liner President Wilson on Mar. 7. They have been touring Brazil and the United States mainland during the past five months.--(Hawaii Times photo).\"","extent":"2.75W x 3.25H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-4-1895","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Hawaii Times"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Otani, Kochi"},{"namepart":"Otani, Tomoko"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Honolulu, Hawai'i","creation":"c. 1940s","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hawaii Times publisher Otani, Kochi \nOtani, Tomoko","download_large":"ddr-njpa-4-1895-master-143e35f807-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-331","model":"entity","index":"12 137/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-331/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-331/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-oruth-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-oruth-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Ruth Y. Okimoto Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born April 15, 1936, in Tokyo, Japan. Brought to the United States with parents at the age of one, and grew up in San Diego, California, where father was a minister. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. After the war, forged connections with the Colorado River Indian Tribes and studied their historical relationship with the Poston concentration camp.","extent":"02:30:27","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-331","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":569,"namepart":"Ruth Y. Okimoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0136d2p","namepart":"Okimoto, Yoshiko Ruth"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"April 8, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ruth Y. Okimoto narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Okimoto, Yoshiko Ruth 88922nr0136d2p","download_large":"denshovh-oruth-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"521","model":"narrator","index":"13 138/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/521/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/521/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/siwao.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/siwao.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/521/interviews/"},"display_name":"Iwao Peter Sano","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 9, 1924, in Brawley, California. Grew up in Brawley until the age of eleven, when family decided to send him to Japan to be adopted by an uncle and aunt. Attended school in Japan and was conscripted into the Japanese military. After Japan surrendered, was captured as a prisoner of war and held in Siberia for three years. Eventually returned to the United States."},{"id":"643","model":"narrator","index":"14 139/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/643/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/643/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tminoru_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tminoru_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/643/interviews/"},"display_name":"Minoru Tajii","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 23, 1924, in Brawley, California. Grew up in El Centro, California, where parents ran a farm. During World War II, was removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Family signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and transferred to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, then to Japan. Lived and worked in Japan until 1950 before returning to the United States."},{"id":"ddr-densho-493-10","model":"entity","index":"15 140/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-493-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-493-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-493/ddr-densho-493-10-mezzanine-6e4770db79-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-493/ddr-densho-493-10-mezzanine-6e4770db79-a.jpg"},"title":"Inspection card","description":"Surgeon's inspection card for Kuni Itabashi's journey on the S.S. Chicago Maru between Kobe, Japan, and Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. Front of card reads: \"INSPECTION CARD / (Immigrants and Steerage Passengers).\" Filled portion of front of card reads: \"Port of departure, KOBE, JAPAN. Date of departure, Kobe, 25th, March, 20 / Name of ship, S.S. Chicago Maru / Name of Immigrant, Mrs. K. Itabashi / List residence, Hiroshima-Ken / Inspected and passed at Kobe, (Hiogo,) Japan\" Steamship inspection lists numbers 1-20 \"To be punched by ship’s surgeon at daily inspection.\" Stamped \"PASSED\" by the American Consular Service, Kobe, Japan. Back of card reads \"VACCINATED. / (Signature of Stamp / \"Keep this card to avoid detention at Quarantine and on Railroads in the United States.\" Message translated into seven additional languages.","extent":"5.875W x 3.625H","links_children":"ddr-densho-493-10","topics":[{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Arrival","id":"4"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015z80f \"Mary\"","namepart":"Itabashi, Kuni"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"ephemera","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Itabashi, Kuni 88922nr015z80f \"Mary\"","download_large":"ddr-densho-493-10-mezzanine-6e4770db79-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-164","model":"entity","index":"16 141/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-164/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-164/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-atom-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-atom-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tom Akashi Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born June 7, 1929, in Merced, California. Grew up in Mount Eden, California, and was removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Incarcerated at the Topaz concentration camp in Utah, then moved to Tule Lake concentration camp after family volunteered to move to Japan. While at Tule Lake, joined a pro-Japan organization created by father, the Sokoku Kenkyu Seinen Dan, (Young Men's Association for the Study of the Motherland). Renounced U.S. citizenship and expatriated to Japan with parents and siblings in 1945. Lived and worked in Japan until 1948, when returned to the United States. Author of Betrayed Trust: The Story of a Deported Issei and His American-Born Family During WWII, published in 2004.","extent":"04:13:27","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-164","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":178,"namepart":"Tom Akashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Chizu Omori"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Colgrove"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr012418s","namepart":"Akashi, Motomu"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Klamath Falls, Oregon","creation":"July 3, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tom Akashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nChizu Omori interviewer \nSteve Colgrove videographer Akashi, Motomu 88922nr012418s","download_large":"denshovh-atom-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-56-136","model":"entity","index":"17 142/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-136/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-56-136/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-136-mezzanine-3e80808eda-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-136-mezzanine-3e80808eda-a.jpg"},"title":"Japan Friend of America, Says Takahira. Ambassador to United States Discredits Rumors of Unfriendly Feelings Between Two Countries. Mikado's Diplomatic Policy Gets Praise. (December 20, 1908)","description":"The Seattle Daily Times, December 20, 1908, p. 28","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-56-136","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Seattle Times Company"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Takahira, Kogora"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"periodical","creation":"December 20, 1908","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Seattle Times Company publisher Takahira, Kogora","download_large":"ddr-densho-56-136-mezzanine-3e80808eda-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-493-15","model":"entity","index":"18 143/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-493-15/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-493-15/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-493/ddr-densho-493-15-mezzanine-0a3d281349-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-493/ddr-densho-493-15-mezzanine-0a3d281349-a.jpg"},"title":"JACL Oath of Allegiance","description":"Oath of allegiance to the United States signed by Tomio Itabashi, of the Valley Civic League chapter of the Japanese American Citizens League. Text reads: \"Text reads: \"I, the undersigned, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear rue faith and allegiance to the same; that I do hereby forswear and repudiate any other allegiance which I knowingly or unknowingly may have held heretofore; and that I take these obligations freely, without any mental reservation whatsoever or purpose of evasion. So help me God.\" Second page is affidavit, also signed by Tomio Itabashi, containing slightly more detailed language explicitly condemning the \"infamous machinations of the government of Japan\" and pledging allegiance to the U.S. Constitution. Both notarized by V. A. Crosby.","extent":"page 1: 8.5W x 11H; page 2: 8.5W x 14H","links_children":"ddr-densho-493-15","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"World War II -- Japanese American Citizens League activities","id":"400"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr003dg1g","namepart":"Itabashi, Tomio"},{"namepart":"Crosby, V.A."}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Auburn, Washington","creation":"April 6, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Itabashi, Tomio 88922nr003dg1g\nCrosby, V.A.","download_large":"ddr-densho-493-15-mezzanine-0a3d281349-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-171","model":"entity","index":"19 144/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-171/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-171/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-171-mezzanine-54961a6449-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-171-mezzanine-54961a6449-a.jpg"},"title":"Federal Bureau of Investigation Case file for Keizaburo Koyama. Page 3 of 4.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified file on Keizaburo Koyama by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The report notes that cannot verify if the FBI actually had the Japanese Association under surveillance, but the secretive activities of the group warranted greater scrutiny. The FBI does not find Koyama to be a Japanese leader, but his continued financial support of Japan makes him susceptible to disloyalty. 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It certifies that Tomosuke Masukawa, who boarded on Tatuta [Tatsuta] Maru from Yokohama, Japan, on November 1, 1938, and arrived at Los Angeles Harbor, paid 8 dollars of alien tax required by the United States. 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This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:07:08","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-325-7","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":555,"namepart":"Jack Dairiki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"topics":[{"term":"Japan -- Pre-World War II","id":"163"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Japan","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1000120\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Emeryville, California","creation":"March 15, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Jack Dairiki narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer","download_large":"denshovh-djack-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"547","model":"narrator","index":"24 149/{'value': 261, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/547/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/547/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hizumi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hizumi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/547/interviews/"},"display_name":"Izumi Hirano","bio":"Kibei male. Born February 25, 1929, in Hilo, Hawaii. At the age of four, moved to Japan, where family operated a farm. Attended school in Japan during World War II. Was in school in Hiroshima when the United States dropped the atomic bomb in 1945. Survived the bombing along with mother and brother. In 1949, returned to Hawaii and eventually became involved in establishing an organization of atomic bomb survivors."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"United States; Japan","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}