{"total":120,"limit":25,"offset":50,"prev_offset":25,"next_offset":75,"page_size":25,"this_page":3,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=U.S. Supreme Court&limit=25&offset=25","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=U.S. Supreme Court&limit=25&offset=75","objects":[{"id":"ddr-pc-14-9","model":"entity","index":"0 50/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-14-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-14-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-14/ddr-pc-14-9-mezzanine-1518a36987-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-14/ddr-pc-14-9-mezzanine-1518a36987-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 15 No. 6 (July 9, 1942)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Federal Court Throws Out Native Sons' Suit\" (p. 1), Olson Asks Army to Halt Evacuation! California Governor Voices Belief in Loyalty of Vast Majority of State Japanese\" (p. 1), \"Army Imposes Ban on Aliens In Center Posts\" (p. 2), \"Army Orders Release of Utah Nisei Held for Curfew Violation\" (p. 2), \"Southern Zone 2 Residents Ordered to Arizona\" (p. 3), U.S. Nisei Must Raise Funds to Fight Threats to Civil Liberties\" (p. 3), \"ACLU Fight Evacuation Tests to U.S. Supreme Court\" (p. 3), \"The Children in the Camps Should Not Be Subject to 'Concentration' Atmosphere\" (p. 6).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-14-9","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"July 9, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-14-9-mezzanine-1518a36987-a.jpg"},{"id":"182","model":"narrator","index":"1 51/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/182/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/182/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/scharles.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/scharles.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/182/interviews/"},"display_name":"Charles Z. Smith","bio":"Born February 23, 1927, in Lakeland, Florida. Left home at age fourteen to live under the educational supervision of Dr. William H. Gray, Jr., attended Florida A & M, and graduated with a degree in business administration from Temple University. Graduated from University of Washington Law School in 1955, then served as law clerk for Supreme Court Justice Matthew W. Hill. Worked as both deputy prosecuting attorney for King County and in private law practice, before moving to Washington, D.C., to take position as Special Assistant to the Attorney General of the United States in the legal field. Justice Smith was appointed to the Washington State Supreme Court in 1988, where he served until his retirement in 2002. Justice Smith received the University of Washington Law School's Distinguished Alumnus Award in 1990, and was appointed by President Clinton to the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom in 1999. He has also won the Asian Bar Association's Judge of the Year award as well as the Lifetime Service Award from the Washington State Bar Association. During his long and illustrious career, Justice Smith has served on the boards of several Asian American community organizations, and worked on behalf of immigrants' rights."},{"id":"ddr-densho-56-383","model":"entity","index":"2 52/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-383/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-56-383/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-383-mezzanine-4534c97a4b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-383-mezzanine-4534c97a4b-a.jpg"},"title":"Alien Land Ban Tightened! Cropping Contracts Are Invalid. Persons Ineligible to Citizenship Cannot Make Farming Agreements, U.S. Supreme Court Holds. (November 19, 1923)","description":"The Seattle Daily Times, November 19, 1923, p. 1","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-56-383","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Seattle Times Company"}],"topics":[{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation -- Discriminatory laws","id":"177"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture","id":"6"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"periodical","creation":"November 19, 1923","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Seattle Times Company publisher","download_large":"ddr-densho-56-383-mezzanine-4534c97a4b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-24-11","model":"entity","index":"3 53/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-24-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-24-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-24/ddr-pc-24-11-mezzanine-a3e899d307-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-24/ddr-pc-24-11-mezzanine-a3e899d307-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 34 No. 11 (March 15, 1952)","description":"Selected article titles: \"House Leaders Postpone Action on Walter Bill. Proposal to Rewrite U.S. Immigration, Naturalization Laws Taken Off Calendar\" (p. 1), \"ADC Studies Effect on Issei of Latest High Court Verdict. Counsel Ennis Will Be Asked to Consider Whether Supreme Tribunal's Decision in Communist Cases Affects Other Groups\" (p. 2), \"Residents of All-White Tract Welcome Chinese Americans\" (p. 2).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-24-11","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"March 15, 1952","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-24-11-mezzanine-a3e899d307-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-39-3","model":"entity","index":"4 54/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-39-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-39-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-39/ddr-pc-39-3-mezzanine-13c20cc7d8-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-39/ddr-pc-39-3-mezzanine-13c20cc7d8-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 64, No. 3 (January 20, 1967)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Immigration amendments ease part of Japan backlog\" (p. 1), \"Patsy and Spark vote on Powell censure\" (p. 1), \"U.S. Supreme Court upholds revoking of unauthorized use of passports\" (p. 1), \"Sheridan, Wyo., once a lively town with 120 Japanese, now down to one\" (p. 3), \"Pearl Harbor anniversary void of hate but one to maintain friendly relations\" (p. 5).","extent":"15W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-39-3","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Enomoto, Jerry"},{"namepart":"Mink, Patsy"},{"namepart":"Matsunaga, Spark"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Elmer"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Satow, Masao"},{"namepart":"Oyama, Albert"},{"namepart":"Shimamoto, Kimi"},{"namepart":"Kuninobu, Yauemon"},{"namepart":"Gima, Richard"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry K."},{"namepart":"Murayama, Tamotsu"},{"namepart":"Yoshinaga, George"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"January 20, 1967","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Enomoto, Jerry \nMink, Patsy \nMatsunaga, Spark \nMasaoka, Mike \nOgawa, Elmer \nHosokawa, Bill \nSatow, Masao \nOyama, Albert \nShimamoto, Kimi \nKuninobu, Yauemon \nGima, Richard \nHonda, Harry K. \nMurayama, Tamotsu \nYoshinaga, George","download_large":"ddr-pc-39-3-mezzanine-13c20cc7d8-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-15-13","model":"entity","index":"5 55/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-15-13/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-15-13/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-13-mezzanine-aa71a74de9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-13-mezzanine-aa71a74de9-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 16 No. 13 (April 1, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"U.S. Supreme Court to Rule on Legality of Evacuation of Nisei From West Coast. Yasui, Hirabayashi Test Cases Certified to High Tribunal By Circuit Court of Appeals\" (p. 1), \"President Roosevelt Sidesteps Question On Exclusion Act\" (p. 1), \"Negro Attorney Upholds Rights Of Nisei at West L.A. Forum\" (p. 2), \"Federal Justice Raps Denial of Nisei Rights\" (p. 3), \"Legionnaire Wants Post-War Action Deporting Nisei\" (p. 3), \"Post-War Fears Haunt Evacuees, WRA Declares\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-15-13","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"April 1, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-15-13-mezzanine-aa71a74de9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-28-6","model":"entity","index":"6 56/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-28-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-28-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-6-mezzanine-040d5ff3a2-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-6-mezzanine-040d5ff3a2-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 42, No. 6 (Febuary 10, 1956)","description":"Selected article titles: \"1st veep Tom Yego dies of heart attack at home\" (p. 1), \"Eisenhower Urges Congress to Increase Immigration to U.S.\" (p. 1), \"JACL disappointed in Eisenhower's immigration plan\" (p. 1), \" \"Interracial marriage case resubmitted to Supreme Court\" (p. 1), \"U.S. judge rules on legality of Japanese courts to try G.I.s\" (p. 2), \"Hawaii land return bill to get personal attention of senators\" (p. 8), \"GI with Japanese bride refused S.F. home rental\" (p. 8).","extent":"11.5W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-28-6","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Yego, Tom"},{"namepart":"Tani, Masayuki"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Mineta, Helen"},{"namepart":"Yoshida, Roy"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry K."},{"namepart":"Kushida, Tats"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Wellman, Mattie"},{"namepart":"Tajiri, Larry S."},{"namepart":"Satow, Masao"},{"namepart":"Takasaki, Gladys"},{"namepart":"Abiko, Yasuo"},{"namepart":"Itow, George"},{"namepart":"Nakashima, Naomi"},{"namepart":"Enomoto, Jerry"},{"namepart":"Sakurada, Smoky H."},{"namepart":"Hironaka, Yo"},{"namepart":"Ichikawa, Ryo"},{"namepart":"Seno, Alvin"},{"namepart":"Hotta, John"},{"namepart":"Okazaki, Sam"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Elmer"},{"namepart":"Chuman, Frank F."},{"namepart":"Ohki, Edwin"},{"namepart":"Nayematsu, Yugo"},{"namepart":"Yanagi, Hiro"},{"namepart":"Uno, Tadao"},{"namepart":"Mori, Henry"},{"namepart":"Murase, Mantsuchi"},{"namepart":"Oshima, Yuhei"},{"namepart":"Miyagishima, Katsugoro"},{"namepart":"Miyao, Walter"},{"namepart":"Kosai, Fumiye"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Yatabe, Thomas T."}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"February 10, 1956","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Yego, Tom \nTani, Masayuki \nMasaoka, Mike \nMineta, Helen \nYoshida, Roy \nHonda, Harry K. \nKushida, Tats \nHosokawa, Bill \nWellman, Mattie \nTajiri, Larry S. \nSatow, Masao \nTakasaki, Gladys \nAbiko, Yasuo \nItow, George \nNakashima, Naomi \nEnomoto, Jerry \nSakurada, Smoky H. \nHironaka, Yo \nIchikawa, Ryo \nSeno, Alvin \nHotta, John \nOkazaki, Sam \nOgawa, Elmer \nChuman, Frank F. \nOhki, Edwin \nNayematsu, Yugo \nYanagi, Hiro \nUno, Tadao \nMori, Henry \nMurase, Mantsuchi \nOshima, Yuhei \nMiyagishima, Katsugoro \nMiyao, Walter \nKosai, Fumiye \nMasaoka, Mike \nYatabe, Thomas T.","download_large":"ddr-pc-28-6-mezzanine-040d5ff3a2-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-56-363","model":"entity","index":"7 57/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-363/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-56-363/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-363-mezzanine-af3b5d8bd5-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-363-mezzanine-af3b5d8bd5-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese in Test Case. Hinkle Refuses Incorporation Articles. Natives of Nippon Who Claim Citizenship May Carry Suit to U.S. Supreme Court. (May 8, 1921)","description":"The Seattle Daily Times, May 8, 1921, p. 15","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-56-363","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Seattle Times Company"}],"topics":[{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Naturalization","id":"176"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation -- Legal cases","id":"341"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Yamashita, Takuji"},{"namepart":"Kono, Charles Hio"},{"namepart":"Shank, Corwin S."}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"periodical","location":"Washington State","creation":"May 8, 1921","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Seattle Times Company publisher Yamashita, Takuji \nKono, Charles Hio \nShank, Corwin S.","download_large":"ddr-densho-56-363-mezzanine-af3b5d8bd5-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-21-18","model":"entity","index":"8 58/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-21-18/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-21-18/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-21/ddr-pc-21-18-mezzanine-4f44fb0dd4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-21/ddr-pc-21-18-mezzanine-4f44fb0dd4-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 28 No. 18 (May 7, 1949)","description":"Selected article titles: \"U.S. Supreme Court Reaffirms Ruling Against Enforcement of Race Restrictive Covenants\" (p. 1), \"Judge Goodman Refuses U.S. Request to Delay Granting Citizen Rights to Renunciants\" (p. 1), \"Attorney in 'Tokyo Rose' Case Charges Intimidation by Army\" (p. 1), \"High Cost of Racial Bigotry Told by Masaoka in Minneapolis\" (p. 1), \"Nisei, White, Negro Families Plan Cooperative Project for Housing in South Palo Alto\" (p. 3), \"400 Applications for Visits To Japan Under New Program Approved by Gen. MacArthur\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-21-18","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"May 7, 1949","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-21-18-mezzanine-4f44fb0dd4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-97-215","model":"entity","index":"9 59/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-97-215/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-97-215/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-97/ddr-densho-97-215-mezzanine-ffa912a835-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-97/ddr-densho-97-215-mezzanine-ffa912a835-a.jpg"},"title":"Heart Mountain Sentinel Vol. IV No. 3 (January 13, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Departures for Coast Will Start Tomorrow. Resettlement of Families Gaining Momentum Here as Agencies Pledge Help\" (p. 1), \"Omaha American Legion Post Admits Wounded Nisei Veteran\" (p. 2), \"Editorial: Graveyard 'Spooks'\" (p. 4), \"U.S. Supreme Court; Precedent-Breaking Ruling Discussed\" (p. 5), \"Resettlement of Families Gaining Momentum Here\" (p. 6), \"252 Residents Called Since Reopening of Draft for Nisei\" (p. 8).","extent":"1340W x 1988H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-97-215","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Heart Mountain Sentinel","id":"175"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"January 13, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-97-215-mezzanine-ffa912a835-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-45-33","model":"entity","index":"10 60/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-45-33/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-45-33/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-45/ddr-pc-45-33-mezzanine-47fc9d2748-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-45/ddr-pc-45-33-mezzanine-47fc9d2748-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 77, No. 08, (August 24, 1973)","description":"Select article titles: \"Inouye Copy in Nation's Press Continues to Score\" (p.1); \"Bob Hope Slips in 'Jap' Joke at Jamboree: Scout Chief Apologizes to Sansei\" (p.1); \"All WRA Camps Sites Should Be Posted as 'Historic Landmarks'\" (p.3); \"U.S. Supreme Court Agrees to Hear Chinese Student Case against School\" (p.3); \"Urban Redevelopment May Squeeze Life Out of 100-year-old Chinatown\" (p.6).","extent":"15W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-45-33","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizen League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts of America","id":"23"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"},{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 24, 1973","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizen League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-45-33-mezzanine-47fc9d2748-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-156-247","model":"entity","index":"11 61/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-156-247/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-156-247/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-156/ddr-densho-156-247-mezzanine-40dc2b1618-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-156/ddr-densho-156-247-mezzanine-40dc2b1618-a.jpg"},"title":"Daily Press Review, Vol. V, No. 7","description":"Article titles: \"Release Plan for Obtaining Japanese Labor\"; \"WRA Officials Hold Charter Meeting Monday\"; \"Solon Receives Word on Farm Labor Problem\"; \"6,281 Reside at Jap Center\"; \"News From Manzanar\"; \"Jerome Wins Praise in Construction Firm's Magazine\"; \"Jap Wife Killer Appeals Sentence to Supreme Court\"; \"Postoffice at Jap Camp is Named for Cheyenne Chieftain\"; \"Decency vs. Savagery\"; \"500 Tanforan Japs to Utah\"; \"Japs to Free 1,500 for U.S.\"","extent":"2328W x 3060H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-156-247","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"September 16, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-156-247-mezzanine-40dc2b1618-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-121-15","model":"entity","index":"12 62/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-121-15/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-121-15/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-121/ddr-densho-121-15-mezzanine-9924edecac-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-121/ddr-densho-121-15-mezzanine-9924edecac-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen Vol. 22 No. 9","description":"Selected article titles: \"300 Nisei Stranded in Japan by War, Petition for Right to Return to Homes in U.S.\" (p. 1), \"Canadian Supreme Court Rules Orders for Deportation Valid\" (p. 1), \"Delegates Support Extension of JACL Work in Peacetime\" (p. 1), \"See Few Marriages Between U.S. Troops, Girls in Japan\" (p. 1), \"San Francisco Cases to Test Legality of Race Restrictions in Residential Property Deeds\" (p. 2), \"Three Tule Lake Residents File Writs in Court\" (p. 3), \"State Board Discrimination Challenged in L.A. Court Suit\" (p. 3), \"Many Offers of Marriage Reported by Canadian Nisei\" (p. 3), \"Psychological Warfare Tactics Described by Nisei Veteran\" (p. 3), \"Fair Play on Celluloid: Interracial Film Guild Fights Hollywood Racial Stereotypes\" (p. 5), \"Brief Urges Deportation Stay for Renunciants at Santa Fe\" (p. 8), \"Immigration Officials Refuse Nisei GI Permission to Bring Canadian Wife Home to U.S.\" (p. 8).","extent":"1375W x 2029H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-121-15","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","creation":"2-Mar-46","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-121-15-mezzanine-9924edecac-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-15-17","model":"entity","index":"13 63/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-15-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-15-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-17-mezzanine-c0d24c6b2f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-17-mezzanine-c0d24c6b2f-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 16 No. 17 (April 29, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Mrs. Roosevelt Urges Release of Loyal Nisei. First Lady Visits Gila River Center, Finds No Evidence of Coddling of Evacuees By WRA\" (p. 1), \"National JACL to File Briefs in Evacuation Test Cases Before U.S. Supreme Court\" (p. 1), \"Leupp Camp To Be Used in Segregation\" (p. 1), \"WRA Removes Nisei Farmers From Marengo After Protests\" (p. 2), \"Senator Stewart Revives Bill To Intern Japanese Americans\" (p. 3), \"Korematsu Test Case Certified To High Court\" (p. 3), \"Attempt to Revoke Citizenship Of Nisei Scored by Attorney\" (p. 6).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-15-17","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"April 29, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-15-17-mezzanine-c0d24c6b2f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-21-33","model":"entity","index":"14 64/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-21-33/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-21-33/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-21/ddr-pc-21-33-mezzanine-673c1c511f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-21/ddr-pc-21-33-mezzanine-673c1c511f-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 29 No. 8 (August 20, 1949)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Plan to Initiate Case for New Supreme Court Test of State Alien Land Law in California\" (p. 1), \"Galen Fisher Initiates Move To Oppose Appointment of Bendetsen to High Army Post\" (p. 2), \"Ruling Permits Longer Japan Visits by Nisei\" (p. 2), \"Undertake Study of Adjustment of Former Tuleans in Hawaii\" (p. 2), \"Court Rules Nisei Has U.S. Rights Despite Japan Service\" (p. 2), \"Report Returnees Find Wide Acceptance in Hood River Area\" (p. 2), \"National JACL Opposes FHA Plan for Segregated Housing\" (p. 3).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-21-33","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"August 20, 1949","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-21-33-mezzanine-673c1c511f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-30-27","model":"entity","index":"15 65/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-30-27/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-30-27/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-30/ddr-pc-30-27-mezzanine-7bc73bcaba-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-30/ddr-pc-30-27-mezzanine-7bc73bcaba-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 47, No. 1 (July 4, 1958)","description":"Select article titles: \"JACL hails Alaska statehood\" (p. 1); \"Youth denied dismissal plea in murder trial, to appear in L.A. court July 11\" (p.1); \"'Nisei Kyokai' formed for Nisei residing in Japan, group to push general welfare\"(p. 3); \"Bifocal contact lens designed by Nisei, successfully fitted and used by 36\" (p.7); \"Three opinions of Nisei concern expressed by U.S. Supreme Court\" (p. 8)\r\n\r\nStarting in No. 13, the volume number in the header changes from 46 to 26. This printing error is not corrected for the rest of the volume.","extent":"11Wx17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-30-27","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizen League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Medicine","id":"364"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"07/04/1958","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizen League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-30-27-mezzanine-7bc73bcaba-a.jpg"},{"id":"205","model":"narrator","index":"16 66/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/205/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/205/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kfred.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kfred.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/205/interviews/"},"display_name":"Fred Korematsu","bio":"Nisei male. Born January 30, 1919, in Oakland, California. Mr. Korematsu was working as a welder in San Francisco when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. After Executive Order 9066 was issued in 1942, he decided to resist the evacuation orders, and was not removed with his family. He was arrested in May of 1942, taken to jail, and eventually transferred to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, where his family was being held. He legally challenged the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, and his case made it to the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheld the order in 1944. Following World War II, Mr. Korematsu moved to Detroit, Michigan, where he married and raised a family before returning to California. In the early 1980s, his case was reopened after the discovery of a crucial document indicating that in the original 1944 case, the federal government had lied to the high court. The conviction was vacated by U.S. District Judge Marilyn Hall Patel in 1983, and in 1998, Mr. Korematsu was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom."},{"id":"ddr-densho-97-216","model":"entity","index":"17 67/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-97-216/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-97-216/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-97/ddr-densho-97-216-mezzanine-bccd1a7be8-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-97/ddr-densho-97-216-mezzanine-bccd1a7be8-a.jpg"},"title":"Heart Mountain Sentinel Vol. IV No. 4 (January 20, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Visiting Regulations Tightened. 346 Individuals Seeking Return to Pacific Coast, Relocation Survey Shows\" (p. 1), \"Myer Lashes Anti Groups on Coast\" (p. 1), \"Sewing Classes Make Dresses for French Refugee Children\" (p. 1), \"Encouraging Letters Received from Many Who Would Assist\" (p. 1), \"Editorial: Acceptance in Intelligence\" (p. 4), \"U.S. Supreme Court: Exclusion Scored by Justice Murphy\" (p. 5), \"Coast Schools Will Accept Local Credits\" (p. 8).","extent":"1344W x 2000H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-97-216","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Heart Mountain Sentinel","id":"175"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"January 20, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-97-216-mezzanine-bccd1a7be8-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-16-20","model":"entity","index":"18 68/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-16-20/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-16-20/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-16/ddr-pc-16-20-mezzanine-3b0ea8f037-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-16/ddr-pc-16-20-mezzanine-3b0ea8f037-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 18 No. 16 (May 13, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Report from Anzio Reveals Nisei Heroism\" (p. 1), \"First Nisei Civilian Since Evacuation Visits Lodi Area\" (p. 1), \"U.S. Supreme Court Grants Request to Consider Endo Test Case on WRA Detention\" (p. 1), \"Federal Grand Jury Indicts Three Amache Women for Alleged Aid to Nazi Prisoners\" (p. 2), \"Segregation Program Completed at Hunt As Families Leave\" (p. 6), \"Manzanar Hog Project Ires L.A. Officials\" (p. 7).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-16-20","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"May 13, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-16-20-mezzanine-3b0ea8f037-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-20-24","model":"entity","index":"19 69/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-20-24/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-20-24/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-20/ddr-pc-20-24-mezzanine-5e25082c64-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-20/ddr-pc-20-24-mezzanine-5e25082c64-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 26 No. 25 (June 19, 1948)","description":"Selected article titles: \"U.S. Senate Passes Evacuation Claims Bill. Compensation Proposal Sent To House for Concurrence Because of Minor Amendments\" (p. 1), \"California Supreme Court Upholds Business Rights of Japanese Alien Residents\" (p. 1), \"McCarran Bill for Small Claims of Evacuees Passed by Senate\" (p. 1), \"Congress Approves Revised Deportation Stay Measure Affecting 400 Japanese Aliens\" (p. 2), \"Arrange Temporary Housing for Japanese American Refugees from Vanport City\" (p. 3).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-20-24","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"June 19, 1948","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-20-24-mezzanine-5e25082c64-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-32-51","model":"entity","index":"20 70/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-32-51/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-32-51/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-32/ddr-pc-32-51-mezzanine-51eea66a02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-32/ddr-pc-32-51-mezzanine-51eea66a02-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 51, No. 25 (December 16, 1960)","description":"Select article titles: \"Costa Mesa School Board Denies Use of Room for ACLU Meeting\" (p. 1); \"Japanese Canadian Citizens Association at crossroads, asserts Vancouver member\" (p. 6); \"Hawaiian Nisei actress thrives on hard work in London production of Flower Drum Song\" (p.7); \"U.S. Supreme Court Balks Louisiana on Appeals to Stay School Integration\" (p.8); \"Calif. Real Estate commissioner orders broker license forms drop race designation\" (p.8)","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-32-51","creators":[{"role":"Japanese American Citizen League","namepart":"publisher"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Arts and literature -- Performing arts","id":"247"},{"term":"Japanese Canadians -- Life in Canada","id":"382"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"12/16/1960","status":"completed","search_hidden":"publisher Japanese American Citizen League","download_large":"ddr-pc-32-51-mezzanine-51eea66a02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-34-43","model":"entity","index":"21 71/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-34-43/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-34-43/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-34/ddr-pc-34-43-mezzanine-9263430ce6-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-34/ddr-pc-34-43-mezzanine-9263430ce6-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 55, No. 17 (October 26, 1962)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Nisei in Washington and Idaho Facing Their 'Moment of Truth' on Nov. 6\" (p.1), \"U.S. Supreme Court to Hear Schneider Case Testing I&N Act's Denaturalization Section\" (p.1), \"California Sued by Issei Widow Charging Alien Land Law Denied Right to Inheritance\" (p.1-2), \"Alien Land Law Claim Fight\" (p.2), \"Kennedy Signs No-Tax Claims Legislation\" (p.3), \"Foreign-Born Youth Not Eligible\" (p.4).","extent":"17.25W x 22H","links_children":"ddr-pc-34-43","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation -- Alien land laws","id":"516"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics -- Running for office","id":"239"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"October 26, 1962","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-34-43-mezzanine-9263430ce6-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-125-232","model":"entity","index":"22 72/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-125-232/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-125-232/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-125/ddr-densho-125-232-mezzanine-3770c29812-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-125/ddr-densho-125-232-mezzanine-3770c29812-a.jpg"},"title":"Manzanar Free Press Vol. 5 No. 35 (April 29, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Ickes Impressed by Western Sentiment\" (p. 1), \"Test Cast Certified to Supreme Court\" (p. 1), \"West Coast Return Backed by Fortune\" (p. 1), \"Transfer Into Enlisted Reserve Corps Explained\" (p. 1), \"Tell How Hawaiians are Americanized\" (p. 1), \"Dies Flays WRA Act as 'Menace' to U.S.\" (p. 2), \"Arrest Nine Kibei\" (p. 2), \"Glenn Miller Makes Comments on Nisei\" (p. 3), \"Permanent Removal of Japanese Sought\" (p. 3).","extent":"1419W x 2019H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-125-232","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Manzanar Free Press","id":"204"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Manzanar concentration camp, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"April 29, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-125-232-mezzanine-3770c29812-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-234","model":"entity","index":"23 73/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-234/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-234/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tdonald-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tdonald-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Donald K. Tamaki Interview","description":"Sansei male. Born May 26, 1951, in Oakland, California. Received law degree from UC Berkeley. In the 1980s, served as a member of the pro bono legal team for <i>Korematsu v. United States</i>, a lawsuit to overturn a 40 year old conviction for refusal to obey exclusion orders aimed at Japanese Americans during World War II, originally upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in landmark decisions.","extent":"02:13:56","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-234","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":370,"namepart":"Donald K. Tamaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Lorraine Bannai"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"April 17, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Donald K. Tamaki narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nLorraine Bannai interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-tdonald-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-27-8","model":"entity","index":"24 74/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-27-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-27-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-27/ddr-csujad-27-8-mezzanine-20993d838c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-27/ddr-csujad-27-8-mezzanine-20993d838c-a.jpg"},"title":"Indonesian men at the immigration detention facility in San Francisco waiting to be transported to the immigration detention facility in Crystal City, Texas","description":"Caption found with the image reads, \"After several weeks of action in the U.S. District Court, and an appeal to the Circuit Court of Appeals and to the Supreme Court, an order was obtained for removal of the Indonesians from the immigration detention quarters, San Francisco, to the immigration Detention Facility at Crystal City, Texas. Here the Indonesians are on the ground floor awaiting arrival of buses to take them to the Southern Pacific railroad where they boarded cars and were taken, under guard, to Crystal City. They are still held in Crystal City (Jan.10.1947) [sic] awaiting final outcome of the appeal to the Supreme Court, whereby they seek to kill the immigration order of deposition, so that they may remain in the United States.\" The image shows a packed room full of men in suits. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/7898\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ind_01_01_006</a>","extent":"black and white, 7.5 x 10 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-27-8","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Francisco","id":"273"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Expatriation/repatriation/deportation","id":"107"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-27-8-mezzanine-20993d838c-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"U.S. Supreme Court","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}