{"total":120,"limit":25,"offset":25,"prev_offset":0,"next_offset":50,"page_size":25,"this_page":2,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=U.S. Supreme Court&limit=25&offset=0","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=U.S. Supreme Court&limit=25&offset=50","objects":[{"id":"ddr-pc-20-4","model":"entity","index":"0 25/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-20-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-20-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-20/ddr-pc-20-4-mezzanine-44b7323b2d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-20/ddr-pc-20-4-mezzanine-44b7323b2d-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 26 No. 4 (January 24, 1948)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Oyama Case Decision Upholds Nisei Rights. U.S. Supreme Court Majority Avoids Ruling on Validity of California Alien Land Statute\" (p. 1), \"Masaoka Discusses Program of ADC with U.S. Counsel\" (p. 1), \"Impact of Increased Housing Restrictions Upon Minorities Stressed Before High Tribunal\" (p. 4), \"Masaoka Notes Anti-Nisei Action on Coast in Testimony Supporting Anti-Lynching Law\" (p. 6).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-20-4","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"January 24, 1948","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-20-4-mezzanine-44b7323b2d-a.jpg"},{"id":"370","model":"narrator","index":"1 26/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/370/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/370/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tdonald.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tdonald.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/370/interviews/"},"display_name":"Donald K. Tamaki","bio":"Sansei male. Born May 26, 1951, in Oakland, California. Received law degree from UC Berkeley. In the 1980s, served as a member of the pro bono legal team for Korematsu v. United States, a lawsuit to overturn a 40 year old conviction for refusal to obey exclusion orders aimed at Japanese Americans during World War II, originally upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in landmark decisions."},{"id":"ddr-pc-15-18","model":"entity","index":"2 27/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-15-18/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-15-18/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-18-mezzanine-f45326208b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-18-mezzanine-f45326208b-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 16 No. 18 (May 6, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Sen. Robertson 1000 Percent Wrong on Reports Regarding Repatriation, Says Hosokawa\" (p. 1), \"Washington Move Hints New Army Post for General DeWitt\" (p. 1), \"Supreme Court To Hear Test Of Evacuation\" (p. 1), \"Nisei Soldiers Condemn Japan Military Policy in Broadcast\" (p. 1), \"Native Sons Take Regan Case Challenging Nisei Citizenship Rights to U.S. Supreme Court\" (p. 2), \"Restoration of Full Citizen Rights is JACL's Objective\" (p. 3), \"Seattle Group Fiths Return of Evacuees\" (p. 7), \"Army Officer Praises Recruits In New Nisei Army Regiment\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-15-18","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"May 6, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-15-18-mezzanine-f45326208b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-18-24","model":"entity","index":"3 28/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-18-24/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-18-24/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-24-mezzanine-580631d38f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-24-mezzanine-580631d38f-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 22 No. 24 (June 15, 1946)","description":"Selected article titles: \"442nd to Be Deactivated on Return to U.S. Japanese American Regiment Parades for Last Time in Italy as Sailing Date Nears\" (p. 1), \"California Court Declares Anti-Alien Fishing Law Invalid. Los Angeles Justice Rules Ban on Japanese Fishermen Violates U.S. Constitution\" (p. 1), \"California Supreme Court Will Rule on Alien Land Act\" (p. 2), \"Immigration Service Orders Deportation Stay for 400. Action Taken Pending Court Decisions on Legal Questions Involving Deportee Group\" (p. 3), \"Four Issei Get Naturalization Papers in California Test\" (p. 3), \"Find Farmer Guilty of Battery For Attack on Nisei Veteran\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-18-24","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"June 15, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-18-24-mezzanine-580631d38f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-22-26","model":"entity","index":"4 29/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-22-26/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-22-26/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-22/ddr-pc-22-26-mezzanine-35fdb0de5c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-22/ddr-pc-22-26-mezzanine-35fdb0de5c-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 30 No. 26 (July 1, 1950)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Report Tom Okino May Be First Japanese American to Become Circuit Justice in Hawaii\" (p. 1), \"Senate Judiciary Committee Reports Out Bill to Admit Japan Brides of U.S. Soldiers\" (p. 2), \"California Supreme Court Sets October Hearing on Issue of Alien Land Act, U.N. Charter\" (p. 3).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-22-26","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"July 1, 1950","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-22-26-mezzanine-35fdb0de5c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-33-25","model":"entity","index":"5 30/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-33-25/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-33-25/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-33/ddr-pc-33-25-mezzanine-3bbff45e2e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-33/ddr-pc-33-25-mezzanine-3bbff45e2e-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 52, No. 25 (June 23, 1961)","description":"Selected article titles: \"U.S. Supreme Court Rules on Six Cases of Interest to Nisei\" (p. 1), \"'Command Decision': Evacuation, Part 4\" (p. 1), \"Nisei Rasslers Making Big Hit in Japan, Great Togo and Toshi Togo Attracting Fans\" (p. 2), and \"Nebraska Anti-Miscegenation Law Bothers Omaha JACL, Seek Repeal\" (p. 3).","extent":"17.25W x 22.25H","links_children":"ddr-pc-33-25","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Community activities -- Sports -- Wrestling","id":"331"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"},{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Rohwer","id":"9"}],"creation":"June 23, 1961","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-33-25-mezzanine-3bbff45e2e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-23-19","model":"entity","index":"6 31/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-23-19/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-23-19/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-23/ddr-pc-23-19-mezzanine-345fced925-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-23/ddr-pc-23-19-mezzanine-345fced925-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 32 No. 18 (May 12, 1951)","description":"Selected article titles: \"First Japanese American From Hawaii Appointed to U.S. Military Academy\" (p. 1), \"Assembly Committee Approves Bill to Return Escheat Funds\" (p. 1), \"House Judiciary Committee Approves Bill to Restore Citizen Rights of Two Nisei\" (p. 2), \"Ask U.S. Supreme Court to Review Citizen Status of Tule Lake Renunciants\" (p. 3), \"Group Identification Tendency Strengthened by Reaction of Minorities to Race Prejudice\" (p. 4).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-23-19","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"May 12, 1951","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-23-19-mezzanine-345fced925-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-145-599","model":"entity","index":"7 32/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-145-599/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-145-599/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-145/ddr-densho-145-599-mezzanine-669a896e4b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-145/ddr-densho-145-599-mezzanine-669a896e4b-a.jpg"},"title":"Poston Chronicle Vol. XXII No. 1 (December 25, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"The Three Wise Men\" (p. 1), \"Project Director's Christmas Message\" (p. 2), \"Constitutionality of Evacuation Upheld by U.S. Supreme Court\" (p. 2), \"Mass Meeting Held to Inform Residents of Exclusion Lift\" (p. 2), \"Make This a Safe Christmas and Safe New Year\" (p. 4), \"Howser Criticized for Anti-Return Speech\" (p. 4), \"AFL Convention Condemns Persecution of U.S. Japanese\" (p. 11).","extent":"1212W x 1944H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-145-599","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Poston Chronicle","id":"212"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Poston (Colorado River) concentration camp, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Poston (Colorado River)","id":"2"}],"creation":"December 25, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-145-599-mezzanine-669a896e4b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-20-39","model":"entity","index":"8 33/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-20-39/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-20-39/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-20/ddr-pc-20-39-mezzanine-adaed27f44-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-20/ddr-pc-20-39-mezzanine-adaed27f44-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 27 No. 14 (October 2, 1948)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Seek to Rectify 'Blunder' on Peru Japanese. 1600 Japanese from Peru Interned in United Statese; Many Still Remain Here\" (p. 1), \"California Supreme Court Outlaws Intermarriage Ban. Decision Declares Interracial Marriage Prohibition Violates Equal Protection Guarantee\" (p. 1), \"Advise Evacuees to File Anew For Unpaid Government Claims\" (p. 1), \"38 Japanese Americans File For Political Offices in Hawaiian Primary Elections\" (p. 2), \"U.S. Files Treason Charge Against Mrs. d'Aquino as Hearing Set for October 7\" (p. 3), \"5,500 Renunciants Will Regain U.S. Citizenship by Order of Federal District Court\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-20-39","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"October 2, 1948","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-20-39-mezzanine-adaed27f44-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-36-35","model":"entity","index":"9 34/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-36-35/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-36-35/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-36/ddr-pc-36-35-mezzanine-745c2c40f3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-36/ddr-pc-36-35-mezzanine-745c2c40f3-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 59, Vol. 9 (August 28, 1964)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Police Department Acknowledges Use of Anti-Nisei Epithet Offensive\" (p.1), \"'No on 14' Funds Solicited through 20,000 Buttons\" (p.1), \"League of Women Voters Back Up 'No'\" (p.1), \"U.S. Supreme Court to Hear Rights Case Appeal Opening Day\" (p.1), \"Racial Equality of Hawaii Seen as Part-Myth\" (p.3).","extent":"17.25W x 22H","links_children":"ddr-pc-36-35","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights -- Housing discrimination","id":"544"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Protests, rallies, or marches","id":"452"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 28, 1964","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-36-35-mezzanine-745c2c40f3-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-37-25","model":"entity","index":"10 35/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-37-25/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-37-25/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-37/ddr-pc-37-25-mezzanine-7db6e770e7-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-37/ddr-pc-37-25-mezzanine-7db6e770e7-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 60, No. 25 (June 18, 1965)","description":"Selected article titles: \"History Project: Issei Railroaders in the Rockies\" (p.1), \"Tanno Laborers May Be Sent Home in Two Weeks: Wirtz\" (p.1), \"JACL Youth Survey among Chapters On\" (p.1), \"Supreme Court Decisions\" (p.2), \"Accent on Youth\" (p.2), \"Low Voter Registration in Hawaii May Bring in U.S. Registrars\" (p.3).","extent":"17.25W x 22H","links_children":"ddr-pc-37-25","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Railroads","id":"11"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil liberties","id":"233"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture","id":"6"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"June 18, 1965","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-37-25-mezzanine-7db6e770e7-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-55-3","model":"entity","index":"11 36/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-55-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-55-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-55/ddr-pc-55-3-mezzanine-8aaa5803f9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-55/ddr-pc-55-3-mezzanine-8aaa5803f9-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Whole No. 2,223, Vol. 96, No. 3 (January 28, 1983)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Nikkei of WW2 Supreme Court cases seek reversal of decisions\" (p. 1), \"U.S.-Japan trade: no easy answers for this highly complex issue\" (p. 1), \"Hayakawa does quiet fadeout, leaves puzzling legacy behind\" (p. 1), \"JACL, NCRR plan 'Remembrance' day\" (p. 3), \"'Relocation and Redress' confab planned for Utah\" (p. 4).","extent":"11W x 14.75H","links_children":"ddr-pc-55-3","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"January 28, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-55-3-mezzanine-8aaa5803f9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-18-30","model":"entity","index":"12 37/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-18-30/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-18-30/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-30-mezzanine-e7c6f41285-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-30-mezzanine-e7c6f41285-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 23 No. 4 (July 27, 1946)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Truman Urges Action on Evacuee Claims Bill\" (p. 1), \"Federal Court Rules Alien Japanese Girl May Enter U.S. As Wife of American Soldier\" (p. 1), \"Study of Social, Economic Adjustments of Evacuees to Be Continued by Federal Agency\" (p. 3), \"Navy Intelligence Opposed Evacuation from West Coast, Says Former OWI Official\" (p. 3), \"Supreme Court of California Will Rule on Refusal of State To Permit Fishing by Issei\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-18-30","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"July 27, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-18-30-mezzanine-e7c6f41285-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-29-42","model":"entity","index":"13 38/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-29-42/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-29-42/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-42-mezzanine-dd94bc9781-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-42-mezzanine-dd94bc9781-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 45, No. 16 (October 18, 1957)","description":"Select article titles: \"JACL in fight for right of association NAACP issue before U.S. Supreme Court to rule on basic rights of organizations\" (p. 1); \"Farm Laborers Being Returned, Refuse Contract\" (p. 1); \"Death of JACL leader Harry Miyake cited as example for Social Security benefits; family to get $200 per month\" (p. 3); \"Soldier-brides hear VFW official defend good name of U.S.A\" (p. 7); \"Suprene Court rejects segregationist Kasper\" (p. 8).","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-29-42","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Law","id":"362"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Redress and reparations","id":"110"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"10/18/1957","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-29-42-mezzanine-dd94bc9781-a.jpg"},{"id":"369","model":"narrator","index":"14 39/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/369/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/369/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/npeggy.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/npeggy.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/369/interviews/"},"display_name":"Peggy A. Nagae","bio":"Sansei female. Born July 25, 1951, in Boring, Oregon, a small town outside of Portland. Graduated from Vassar College, then earned a law degree from Northwestern School of Law at Lewis and Clark College. In the 1980s, lead the legal team for Yasui v. United States, a lawsuit to overturn a 40 year old conviction for refusal to obey exclusion orders aimed at Japanese Americans during WWII, originally upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in landmark decisions."},{"id":"ddr-pc-15-14","model":"entity","index":"15 40/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-15-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-15-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-14-mezzanine-0bb1da1c80-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-14-mezzanine-0bb1da1c80-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 16 No. 14 (April 8, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"U.S. Supreme Court Agrees To Review Nisei Test Cases\" (p. 1), \"Fire College For Girls Started At Manzanar\" (p. 1), \"WRA Official Reports 600 Pieces of Equipment Unused\" (p. 1), \"Sen. Wallgren Proposes New Plan for Supervision, Control Of Evacuees in WRA Centers\" (p. 3), \"Evacuated Farms Continue to Produce, Says WRA Official\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-15-14","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"April 8, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-15-14-mezzanine-0bb1da1c80-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-29-41","model":"entity","index":"16 41/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-29-41/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-29-41/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-41-mezzanine-dec9d5de03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-41-mezzanine-dec9d5de03-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 45, No. 15 (October 11, 1957)","description":"Select article titles: \"U.S. Supreme Court Reconvenes, JACL Interested in Three Cases\" (p. 1); \"40,000 Filipinos in California prospering; race problems minimized\" (p. 1); \"Percentage of Nisei Marrying Into Other Racial Groups Increasing Over Past Decade in Hawaii\" (p. 2); \"Army installation named for Nisei hero\" (p. 7); \"Apathy Toward Sacrifices of Nisei GIs Hit\" (p. 8).","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-29-41","topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Law","id":"362"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Redress and reparations","id":"110"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"10/11/1957","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-pc-29-41-mezzanine-dec9d5de03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-41-24","model":"entity","index":"17 42/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-41-24/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-41-24/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-41/ddr-pc-41-24-mezzanine-dae25ee282-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-41/ddr-pc-41-24-mezzanine-dae25ee282-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 68, No. 24 (June 13, 1969)","description":"Select article titles: \"Wakamatsu Colony Dedication: A Once-in-a-lifetime Inspiration\" (p. 1); \"Matsunaga-Holifield bill to repeal Title 2\" (p. 1); \"PNWDC calls young adults to attend organizational session at Hood River\" (p. 1); \"U.S. Supreme Court Rules on 3 Civil Rights Cases for Negroes\" (p. 2); \"TV Coverage of Seattle Students in Action Overdone\" (p. 4).","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-41-24","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Protests, rallies, or marches","id":"452"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Arrival","id":"4"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"06/13/1969","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-41-24-mezzanine-dae25ee282-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-38-9","model":"entity","index":"18 43/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-38-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-38-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-38/ddr-pc-38-9-mezzanine-feb37fd7d0-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-38/ddr-pc-38-9-mezzanine-feb37fd7d0-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 62, No. 9 (March 4, 1966)","description":"Select article titles: \"SJR 20 push to rid land law in Washington accelerates\" (p. 1); \"U.S. Supreme Court hears first Nisei argue major case: reapportionment\" (p. 1); \"History project: Machines taking over 'hone oru' labor\" (p.1); \"Repeal Anti-Alien Land Law in '66\" (p. 3); \"Japanese stand to gain most, says Negro attorney\" (p. 5).","extent":"15W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-38-9","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Anti-immigration sentiment","id":"178"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"03/04/1966","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-38-9-mezzanine-feb37fd7d0-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-34-13","model":"entity","index":"19 44/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-34-13/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-34-13/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-34/ddr-pc-34-13-mezzanine-b877be7fd8-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-34/ddr-pc-34-13-mezzanine-b877be7fd8-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 54, No. 13 (March 31, 1962)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Bill Proposing Japan Quota of 5,300 Introduced\" (p.1), \"JACLers at FCC Hearings Deplore Showing of Anti-Nisei Films\" (p.1), \"Chuman Admitted to Practice Before U.S. Supreme Court\" (p.1), \"Introducing a Nisei 'Dunker': Sim Togasaki\" (p.2), \"Chicago Issei Story Committee Nucleus Formed of 7 Past and Current Presidents\" (p.4).","extent":"17.25W x 22H","links_children":"ddr-pc-34-13","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"},{"term":"Arts and literature -- Performing arts -- Film","id":"249"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"March 31, 1962","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-34-13-mezzanine-b877be7fd8-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-19-38","model":"entity","index":"20 45/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-19-38/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-19-38/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-19/ddr-pc-19-38-mezzanine-95c5075e8e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-19/ddr-pc-19-38-mezzanine-95c5075e8e-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 25 No. 11 (September 20, 1947)","description":"Selected article titles: \"U.S., France to Honor 442nd Combat Team. National JACL Will Present Plaque to Bruyeres Recalling Rescue of 'Lost Battalion'\" (p. 1), \"Supreme Court Test Looms in Constitutional Validity of California Alien Land Law\" (p. 1), \"Tax Certificates No Longer Required of Japanese Aliens For Hawaii, Mainland Travel\" (p. 2), \"JACL-ADC May Participate In Forthcoming High Court Restrictive Covenant Case\" (p. 3), \"Visits to Japan Still Barred Except in Special Cases\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-19-38","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"September 20, 1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-19-38-mezzanine-95c5075e8e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-23-41","model":"entity","index":"21 46/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-23-41/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-23-41/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-23/ddr-pc-23-41-mezzanine-df58126d90-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-23/ddr-pc-23-41-mezzanine-df58126d90-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 33 No. 14 (October 13, 1951)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Supreme Court Denies Hearing to Renunciants. Members of Tule Lake Group Must Take Individual Steps For Citizenship Restoration\" (p. 1), \"Defense Department Reports Five Nisei Soldiers Killed in Action in Korean War\" (p. 1), \"Government Ponders Next Step in Renunciants Test Case\" (p. 1), \"Conviction of 'Tokyo Rose' Upheld by U.S. Circuit Court\" (p. 2), \"JACL Joins in Protest Against Racial Caricature\" (p. 3), \"New Rulings Will Ease Border Crossings by Resident Issei\" (p. 7).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-23-41","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"October 13, 1951","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-23-41-mezzanine-df58126d90-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-21-3","model":"entity","index":"22 47/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-21-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-21-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-21/ddr-pc-21-3-mezzanine-8c8fc5e4b9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-21/ddr-pc-21-3-mezzanine-8c8fc5e4b9-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 28 No. 3 (January 22, 1949)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Federal Appeals Court Sets Hearing on Case Affecting 5,000 Tule Lake Renunciants\" (p. 1), \"Reveal Attempt to Destroy Utah Mountain Memorial Ill-Fated Japanese Aviator\" (p. 1), \"Army Order Bars Marriages Between GIs, Japanese Girls\" (p. 1), \"U.S. Supreme Court Considers Validity of Hawaii Wartime Law on Language Schools\" (p. 2), \"Report Problems Affecting Issei Fishermen Resolved; Identity Cards to Be Issued\" (p. 2), \"Questions on Evacuee Claims Answered by Washington ADC\" (p. 5).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-21-3","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"January 22, 1949","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-21-3-mezzanine-8c8fc5e4b9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-28-46","model":"entity","index":"23 48/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-28-46/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-28-46/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-46-mezzanine-a3d6bd0a07-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-46-mezzanine-a3d6bd0a07-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 43, No. 20 (November 16, 1956)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Longtime JACLer wins 31st Dist. seat in Sac'to\" (p. 1), \"Nisei evacuated from Middle East, says Seattle wife\" (p. 1), \"Issei pioneers of No. California flower growing industry honored by Nisei\" (p. 1), \"Deep-rooted racial prejudice in housing noted in San Francisco Bay Area survey, gains in jobs, education cited by survey\" (p. 3),  \"Kikko-man commercials on election night proves interesting to Japanese visitor\" (p. 7), \"Aspects of integration and effects on Nisei selected theme of CINO meet at Berkeley\" (p. 7), \"U.S. Supreme Court invalidates intrastate 'Jim Crow' bus travel'\" (p. 8), \"Supreme Court to hear Nisei citizenship case\" (p. 8).","extent":"11.5W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-28-46","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation -- Discriminatory laws","id":"177"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Mizukami, Bob"},{"namepart":"Hirabayashi, Gordon K."},{"namepart":"Minami, Tsunezo"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Murayama, Tamotsu"},{"namepart":"Tajiri, Larry S."},{"namepart":"Moriyama, Iwao"},{"namepart":"Kushida, Tats"},{"namepart":"Kubo, Harry"},{"namepart":"Nishioka, Joseph"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry K."},{"namepart":"Nishikawa, Roy"},{"namepart":"Inagaki, George"},{"namepart":"Takagi, Calvin"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Elmer"},{"namepart":"Mori, Henry"},{"namepart":"Ishikawa, Sam"}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"November 16, 1956","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Mizukami, Bob \nHirabayashi, Gordon K. \nMinami, Tsunezo \nHosokawa, Bill \nMurayama, Tamotsu \nTajiri, Larry S. \nMoriyama, Iwao \nKushida, Tats \nKubo, Harry \nNishioka, Joseph \nHonda, Harry K. \nNishikawa, Roy \nInagaki, George \nTakagi, Calvin \nOgawa, Elmer \nMori, Henry \nIshikawa, Sam","download_large":"ddr-pc-28-46-mezzanine-a3d6bd0a07-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-14-9","model":"entity","index":"24 49/{'value': 120, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-14-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-14-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-14/ddr-pc-14-9-mezzanine-1518a36987-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-14/ddr-pc-14-9-mezzanine-1518a36987-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 15 No. 6 (July 9, 1942)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Federal Court Throws Out Native Sons' Suit\" (p. 1), Olson Asks Army to Halt Evacuation! California Governor Voices Belief in Loyalty of Vast Majority of State Japanese\" (p. 1), \"Army Imposes Ban on Aliens In Center Posts\" (p. 2), \"Army Orders Release of Utah Nisei Held for Curfew Violation\" (p. 2), \"Southern Zone 2 Residents Ordered to Arizona\" (p. 3), U.S. Nisei Must Raise Funds to Fight Threats to Civil Liberties\" (p. 3), \"ACLU Fight Evacuation Tests to U.S. Supreme Court\" (p. 3), \"The Children in the Camps Should Not Be Subject to 'Concentration' Atmosphere\" (p. 6).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-14-9","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"July 9, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-14-9-mezzanine-1518a36987-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"U.S. Supreme Court","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}