This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:07:00","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-388-14","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":636,"namepart":"Elsa Kudo"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Kelli Nakamura"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Mathew Medeiros"}],"topics":[{"term":"Japanese Latin Americans","id":"166"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"February 6, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Elsa Kudo narrator \nKelli Nakamura interviewer \nMathew Medeiros videographer","download_large":"denshovh-kelsa-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"45","model":"narrator","index":"1 51/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/45/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/45/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kgeorge.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kgeorge.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/45/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Koshi","bio":"Kibei male. Born June 16, 1911, in Greeley, Colorado. Raised in Denver, Colorado, until the age of five. Sent to Japan for schooling in 1917 and returned to the U.S. at the age of seventeen. Continued his education to eventually become the first Nikkei attorney in the state of Colorado. Drafted into the U.S. Army in March, 1942, and became a member of the Military Intelligence Service (MIS); served as an instructor of Japanese language in the MIS Language School and then as a language specialist in Washington, D.C., and the Pacific Military Intelligence Research Section (PACMIRS) in Maryland. Was hired as a civilian by the U.S. government postwar to provide legal counsel to defendants in the war crimes trials in Japan, and later, supervise Japanese legal and judicial reform. Received a medal commendation from the Japanese government for work in connection with the reformation of Japan's judicial system."},{"id":"ddr-pc-33-50","model":"entity","index":"2 52/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-33-50/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-33-50/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-33/ddr-pc-33-50-mezzanine-831e58440a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-33/ddr-pc-33-50-mezzanine-831e58440a-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 53, No. 24 (December 15, 1961)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Washington Newsletter: American Image of Japan\" (p. 1), \"Final Report of U.S. Civil Rights Commission Urges All Branches of Government to Exert More Effort and Leadership Against Bias\" (p. 1), \"American Legion Press Release Recalls Hysteria Against Nisei in Pearl Harbor Feature; Tells of Heroism and Loyalty During War\" (p. 3), and \"Lesson on Evacuation\" (p. 3).","extent":"17.25W x 22.25H","links_children":"ddr-pc-33-50","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Japan","id":"108"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath","id":"48"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"December 15, 1961","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-33-50-mezzanine-831e58440a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-145-566","model":"entity","index":"3 53/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-145-566/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-145-566/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-145/ddr-densho-145-566-mezzanine-9210ec9a2a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-145/ddr-densho-145-566-mezzanine-9210ec9a2a-a.jpg"},"title":"Poston Chronicle Vol. XX No. 28 (October 5, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Over 5,000 Leaves Recorded. About 11,000 Remain\" (p. 1), \"Seven Boys Refuse Induction at Phoenix\" (p. 1), \"Community Asked to Aid in Takahashi Search\" (p. 1), \"135 Hawaiian Japanese Among 2,209 Listed as Wounded in September 29 Casualty Report\" (p. 2), \"Japanese American Girl Challenges Right of Government to Detain U.S. Citizens Without Trial by Jury\" (p. 3).","extent":"1172W x 2004H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-145-566","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Poston Chronicle","id":"212"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Poston (Colorado River) concentration camp, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Poston (Colorado River)","id":"2"}],"creation":"October 5, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-145-566-mezzanine-9210ec9a2a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-20-39","model":"entity","index":"4 54/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-20-39/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-20-39/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-20/ddr-pc-20-39-mezzanine-adaed27f44-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-20/ddr-pc-20-39-mezzanine-adaed27f44-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 27 No. 14 (October 2, 1948)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Seek to Rectify 'Blunder' on Peru Japanese. 1600 Japanese from Peru Interned in United Statese; Many Still Remain Here\" (p. 1), \"California Supreme Court Outlaws Intermarriage Ban. Decision Declares Interracial Marriage Prohibition Violates Equal Protection Guarantee\" (p. 1), \"Advise Evacuees to File Anew For Unpaid Government Claims\" (p. 1), \"38 Japanese Americans File For Political Offices in Hawaiian Primary Elections\" (p. 2), \"U.S. Files Treason Charge Against Mrs. d'Aquino as Hearing Set for October 7\" (p. 3), \"5,500 Renunciants Will Regain U.S. Citizenship by Order of Federal District Court\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-20-39","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"October 2, 1948","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-20-39-mezzanine-adaed27f44-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-261-39","model":"segment","index":"5 55/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-261-39/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-261-39/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-sfrank-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-sfrank-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Sumida Interview Segment 39","description":"Working as a supply officer for the U.S. military government
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:06:16","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-261-39","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":415,"namepart":"Frank Sumida"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Barbara Takei"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Japan","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1000120\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"September 23, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Sumida narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nBarbara Takei interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-sfrank-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-261-41","model":"segment","index":"6 56/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-261-41/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-261-41/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-sfrank-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-sfrank-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Sumida Interview Segment 41","description":"Losing job with the U.S. military government because of Japanese American ancestry
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:06:30","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-261-41","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":415,"namepart":"Frank Sumida"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Barbara Takei"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Japan","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1000120\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"September 23, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Sumida narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nBarbara Takei interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-sfrank-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-334-10","model":"segment","index":"7 57/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-334-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-334-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kted-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kted-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Ted Kitayama Interview Segment 10","description":"Feeling like the Bainbridge Island Japanese Americans were targeted by the U.S. government
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:06:29","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-334-10","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":573,"namepart":"Ted Kitayama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1006381\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","creation":"May 25, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ted Kitayama narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-kted-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"325","model":"narrator","index":"8 58/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/325/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/325/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/otoyoko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/otoyoko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/325/interviews/"},"display_name":"Toyoko Okumura","bio":"Nisei female. Born October 14, 1916, in Gardena, California. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. In response to the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" transferred to Tule Lake segregation center with family, and expatriated to Japan. Worked in Japan for the U.S. government and a Japanese company. Remained in Japan until the 1980s, and returned to the U.S., eventually settling in Denver, Colorado."},{"id":"ddr-pc-19-16","model":"entity","index":"9 59/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-19-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-19-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-19/ddr-pc-19-16-mezzanine-3ecf80d0b2-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-19/ddr-pc-19-16-mezzanine-3ecf80d0b2-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 24 No. 15 (April 19, 1947)","description":"Selected article titles: \"200 Japanese Americans May Join U.S. Naval Reserve In Hawaii, Says Official\" (p. 1), \"Anti-Segregation Bill Passed by State Assembly\" (p. 1), \"Nisei Repatriates Return to Hawaii\" (p. 1), \"Seek New Site for Trailers at Winona Camp\" (p. 3), \"Separate Schools for Mexican Children Ruled Illegal by Ninth District Federal Court\" (p. 7), \"Government Rejects Request To Drop 'Enemy Alien' Label\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-19-16","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"April 19, 1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-19-16-mezzanine-3ecf80d0b2-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-21-10","model":"entity","index":"10 60/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-21-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-21-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-21/ddr-pc-21-10-mezzanine-08eb8eb997-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-21/ddr-pc-21-10-mezzanine-08eb8eb997-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 28 No. 10 (March 12, 1949)","description":"Selected article titles: \"ADC's Contraband Articles Bill Passed by Congress. Permits Payment of Claims for Damage to Goods Ordered Given to Government Custody\" (p. 1), \"California Attorney General Will Not Seek Funds for Enforcing Alien Land Law\" (p. 1), \"U.S. Films on Nisei Will Aid Return of Canadians\" (p. 1), \"University of Washington Group Studies Employment Status of Japanese Americans in Seattle\" (p. 5).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-21-10","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"March 12, 1949","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-21-10-mezzanine-08eb8eb997-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-63-41","model":"entity","index":"11 61/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-63-41/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-63-41/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-63/ddr-pc-63-41-mezzanine-3eaf5195fb-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-63/ddr-pc-63-41-mezzanine-3eaf5195fb-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 113, No. 16 [November 15, 1991]","description":"Select article titles: \"Racist vandalism strikes JA center\" (p. 1), \"Mineta calls: Civil Rights bill needs correction\" (p. 1), \"L.A. to promote more minority police\" (p. 1), \"Filipino nurse wins limited victory in English-only case\" (p. 1), \"Commission urges better U.S.-Japan framework to solve global problems\" (p. 3), \"Firms support Illinois panel to improve government\" (p. 3), \"Nikkei tells of WWII spy intrigue\" (p. 5).","extent":"11W x 16.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-63-41","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"11/15/1991","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-63-41-mezzanine-3eaf5195fb-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-331","model":"entity","index":"12 62/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-331/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-331/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-331-mezzanine-6d7b38ca61-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-331-mezzanine-6d7b38ca61-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Ai Chih Tsai to Ai Jin Tsai","description":"Ai Chih Tsai's assignment at Camp Richie is over but he will continue to work for U.S. government. Assigned to raise funds for education and relief. Talked to representative from International Merchandise Co. Mr. Robison is interested in a textile factory or importing undershirts. Ryo (Morikawa) Tsai investigating other possibilities. Ai Chih Tsai expects passport in 2 weeks. List of goods sold in US with prices.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-331","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Jin"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Iu Bok-su"},{"namepart":"Dickson, James"},{"namepart":"Sa-hia"},{"namepart":"Chiong, Khe-Beng"},{"namepart":"United States Army"},{"namepart":"Kerr, George \"Jack\""},{"namepart":"United States Department of State"},{"namepart":"Dowie, Kenneth"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Washington, District of Columbia","creation":"April 12, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ai Chih author Tsai, Ai Chih \nTsai, Ai Jin \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nIu Bok-su \nDickson, James \nSa-hia \nChiong, Khe-Beng \nUnited States Army \nKerr, George \"Jack\" \nUnited States Department of State \nDowie, Kenneth","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-331-mezzanine-6d7b38ca61-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1008-1","model":"entity","index":"13 63/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1008-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1008-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1008/denshovh-kgeorge-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1008/denshovh-kgeorge-01-a.jpg"},"title":"George Koshi Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born June 16, 1911, in Greeley, Colorado. Raised in Denver, Colorado, until the age of five. Sent to Japan for schooling in 1917 and returned to the U.S. at the age of seventeen. Continued his education to eventually become the first Nikkei attorney in the state of Colorado. Drafted into the U.S. Army in March, 1942, and became a member of the Military Intelligence Service (MIS); served as an instructor of Japanese language in the MIS Language School and then as a language specialist in Washington, D.C., and the Pacific Military Intelligence Research Section (PACMIRS) in Maryland. Was hired as a civilian by the U.S. government postwar to provide legal counsel to defendants in the war crimes trials in Japan, and later, supervise Japanese legal and judicial reform. Received a medal commendation from the Japanese government for work in connection with the reformation of Japan's judicial system.
(Members of the National Japanese American Historical Society (NJAHS) arranged for and conducted this interview in conjunction with Densho.)","extent":"01:45:27","links_children":"ddr-densho-1008-1","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":45,"namepart":"George Koshi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Marvin Uratsu"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"National Japanese American Historical Society Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 10, 1997","status":"completed","search_hidden":"George Koshi narrator \nMarvin Uratsu interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer","download_large":"denshovh-kgeorge-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-24-5","model":"segment","index":"14 64/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-24-5/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-24-5/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-tpaul-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-tpaul-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Paul Tsuneishi Interview Segment 5","description":"Thoughts on the JACL's wartime cooperation with the U.S. government
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:03:35","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-24-5","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":160,"namepart":"Paul Tsuneishi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Conflicts, intimidation, and violence","id":"162"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Heart Mountain, Wyoming","creation":"May 19, 1995","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Paul Tsuneishi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-tpaul-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-4-8","model":"segment","index":"15 65/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-4-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-4-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-medward-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-medward-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Edward H. Mitsukado Interview Segment 8","description":"Talking a fellow soldier down when he discovers his father was being held by the U.S. government
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:09:05","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-4-8","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":833,"namepart":"Edward H. Mitsukado"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Loni Ding"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- 442nd Regimental Combat Team","id":"89"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Camp McCoy, Wisconsin","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/2121220\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Hawai'i","creation":"February 1, 1986","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Edward H. Mitsukado narrator \nLoni Ding interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-medward-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-265","model":"entity","index":"16 66/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-265/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-265/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ykiyoshi-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ykiyoshi-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Kiyoshi Seishin Yamashita Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born February 14, 1920, in Kent, Washington. Grew up in the nearby town of Auburn, where parents ran a farm. Family was involved Auburn Buddhist Church. Graduated from the University of Washington in 1942 and removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Recruited out of Tule Lake to teach at the Naval Intelligence Language School in Boulder, Colorado. Worked in Japan as a linguist for the U.S. government during the U.S. occupation. While in Japan, became a Buddhist minister. Eventually returned to the United States and worked for the Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research.","extent":"02:22:09","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-265","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":419,"namepart":"Kiyoshi Seishin Yamashita"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr006h35n","namepart":"Yamashita, Kiyoshi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"October 30, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kiyoshi Seishin Yamashita narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Yamashita, Kiyoshi 88922nr006h35n","download_large":"denshovh-ykiyoshi-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-18-43","model":"entity","index":"17 67/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-18-43/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-18-43/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-43-mezzanine-33d8161508-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-43-mezzanine-33d8161508-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 23 No. 16 (October 26, 1946)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Civil Liberties Union Files Suit for Restoration of Rights Renounced by Nisei in Camp\" (p. 1), \"Anti-Restrictive Covenant Used By Civil Rights Group to Fight Non-White Housing Restrictions\" (p. 2), \"Peru to Permit 24 Japanese to Return to Homes\" (p. 2), \"U.S. Government Drops Case Against Iva Toguri in [Tokyo]\" (p. 3), \"Deportation Test Cases Set For Salt Lake Court Hearings\" (p. 7).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-18-43","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"October 26, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-18-43-mezzanine-33d8161508-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-18-38","model":"entity","index":"18 68/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-18-38/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-18-38/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-38-mezzanine-9997aac079-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-38-mezzanine-9997aac079-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 23 No. 11 (September 21, 1946)","description":"Selected article titles: \"U.S. Seeks to Preserve Job Gains of Minority Groups. JACL Official Attends Meet On Government Policy Against Discrimination in Employment\" (p. 1), \"Nisei Veterans Enter Hawaiian Political Races\" (p. 1), \"Survey Opinions of Neighbors Who Demanded Ouster of Nisei\" (p. 2), \"New Los Angeles Escheat Case Will Provide Test of State's Anti-Alien Land Legislation\" (p. 3), \"Canadian Evacuee Centers May Continue on Permanent Basis\" (p. 3).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-18-38","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"September 21, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-18-38-mezzanine-9997aac079-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-18-44","model":"entity","index":"19 69/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-18-44/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-18-44/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-44-mezzanine-3b53cfa114-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-44-mezzanine-3b53cfa114-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 28 No. 17 (November 2, 1946)","description":"Selected article titles: \"California Court Upholds Alien Land Act\" (p. 1), \"Oyama Test Case to Be Taken to U.S. Court; Fight Just Started, Declares Masaoka\" (p. 1), \"Stranded Nisei in Japan Seek to Return to Homes in America\" (p. 1), \"Los Angeles Civil Rights Group Will Investigate Suit to Oust Japanese American from Home\" (p. 7), \"Canada Ghost Towns Deserted As Government Carries Out Forced Relocation Program\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-18-44","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"November 2, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-18-44-mezzanine-3b53cfa114-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-24-46","model":"entity","index":"20 70/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-24-46/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-24-46/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-24/ddr-pc-24-46-mezzanine-f7f4c442cf-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-24/ddr-pc-24-46-mezzanine-f7f4c442cf-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 35 No. 20 (November 14, 1952)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Three AJA jurors sworn into trial of seven alleged Communist Party leaders of Hawaii; prosecution starts\" (p. 1), \"Nisei organizations may tangle with policy to endorse candidates\" (p. 1), \"Government quiets West Coast rumors over postponement of start of immigration act\" (p. 1), \"Dec. 7 attack leader here in U.S. as Sky Pilot missionary student\" (p. 2), \"Yoshihara case aftermath: quits move, ex-employee sues realtor\" (p. 3).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-24-46","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"November 7, 1952","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-24-46-mezzanine-f7f4c442cf-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-47-113","model":"entity","index":"21 71/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-47-113/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-47-113/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-47/ddr-csujad-47-113-mezzanine-efd4c096ad-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-47/ddr-csujad-47-113-mezzanine-efd4c096ad-a.jpg"},"title":"Photograph of B. R. and Theo Chamberlain sitting on the front bumper of their car in Death Valley","description":"Photograph of Albert R. and Theo Chamberlain sitting on the front bumper of a 1940s era car. The U.S. government license plate reads E024. They are in the parking lot at Zabriskie Point in Death Valley National Park. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_merritt_0198","extent":"black and white, 2.375 x 2.175 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-47-113","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Nevada","id":"501"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Women","id":"515"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"Death Valley, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"},{"term":"Cow Creek","id":"37"}],"creation":"1942-1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-47-113-mezzanine-efd4c096ad-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-ajah-8-11","model":"entity","index":"22 72/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-ajah-8-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-ajah-8-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-ajah-8/ddr-ajah-8-11-mezzanine-7013da8b74-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-ajah-8/ddr-ajah-8-11-mezzanine-7013da8b74-a.jpg"},"title":"Yo Shinoda for Grace Umezawa","description":"In this video, Yo Shinoda talks about her mother, Grace Kuniye Umezawa. Grace was born in Alameda, and was the first Japanese American girl to graduate from Alameda High School. During World War II, removed to the Amache concentration camp, Colorado. Grace worked as a teacher at the navy language school in Boulder, Colorado. AFter the war, she worked for the U.S. government in Tokyo as a translator.","extent":"0:04:01","links_children":"ddr-ajah-8-11","creators":[{"role":"narrator","namepart":"Yo Shinoda"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"The Alameda Free Library","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yo Shinoda narrator","download_large":"ddr-ajah-8-11-mezzanine-7013da8b74-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-511","model":"entity","index":"23 73/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-511/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-511/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-511-1-mezzanine-8e01c143b6-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-511-1-mezzanine-8e01c143b6-a.jpg"},"title":"Mary Okazaki Kozu Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born June 14, 1931, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Seattle, where parents ran a boarding house. During World War II, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp in 1943 and moved to Salt Lake City, Utah. Returned with family to Seattle after the war, attended the University of Washington, and worked in various positions for the U.S. government.","extent":"1:51:44","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-511","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":1005,"namepart":"Mary Okazaki Kozu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Barbara Yasui"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr005xf84","namepart":"Okazaki, Mary Hideko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"April 28, 2022","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mary Okazaki Kozu narrator \nBarbara Yasui interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Okazaki, Mary Hideko 88922nr005xf84","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-511-1-mezzanine-8e01c143b6-a.jpg"},{"id":"415","model":"narrator","index":"24 74/{'value': 163, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/415/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/415/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfrank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfrank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/415/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Sumida","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 10, 1925, in Chicago, Illinois. Grew up primarily in Los Angeles, California, where parents ran a restaurant. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, where he participating in running an organized gambling operation. Moved briefly to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, before being sent to Tule Lake, California, after signing the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" Transferred to the Santa Fe Department of Justice internment camp, New Mexico. Upon wishes of parents, renounced U.S. citizenship and expatriated to Japan. Worked for the military government during the U.S. occupation of Japan. Eventually regained U.S. citizenship and returned to the United States."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"U.S. Government","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}