See the full finding aid at Online Archive of California.","extent":"2 box 1 linear ft.","links_children":"ddr-csujad-2","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Schmidt, Willard E."}],"language":["eng"],"contributor":"San Jose State University Department of Special Collections and Archives","public":"1","rights":"pcc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Schmidt, Willard E. author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-2-1-mezzanine-010f63fe6c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-17-48","model":"entity","index":"7 132/{'value': 142, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-17-48/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-17-48/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-17/ddr-pc-17-48-mezzanine-c2e6ad1963-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-17/ddr-pc-17-48-mezzanine-c2e6ad1963-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 21 No. 22 (December 1, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Trailer Homes for Returning Evacuees\" (p. 1), \"Carusi Denies Bias on Nisei Travel Between U.S., Hawaii\" (p. 1), \"Reporter Unable to Discover Evidence of Any Nisei Part In Japanese Raid on Hawaii\" (p. 2), \"Gen. MacArthur Will Accept Repatriates from U.S., Says Justice Department Official\" (p. 2), \"First Tule Lake Group Deported on Transport. Report More Than 400 Voluntary Repatriates Leave from Seattle\" (p. 2), \"Poston Relocation Center Closes Before Deadline\" (p. 3), \"JACL Committee to Combat Seizures of Nisei-Owned Land\" (p. 3), \"Deny Federal Housing Being Diverted for Evacuee Group\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-17-48","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"December 1, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-17-48-mezzanine-c2e6ad1963-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-phljacl-1-14","model":"entity","index":"8 133/{'value': 142, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-phljacl-1-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-phljacl-1-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-phljacl-1/ddr-phljacl-1-14-1-mezzanine-07c926a5f9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-phljacl-1/ddr-phljacl-1-14-1-mezzanine-07c926a5f9-a.jpg"},"title":"William Marutani Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born March 31, 1923, in Kent, Washington. During World War II, was incarcerated at the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp to attend college in South Dakota, was drafted into the U.S. Army and served with the Military Intelligence Service during the postwar occupation of Japan. After military service, became an attorney and then a judge. Served as the legal counsel for the Japanese American Citizens League from 1962 to 1970. Was the only Japanese American appointed to serve on the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) during the redress movement.","extent":"0:37:55","links_children":"ddr-phljacl-1-14","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":50,"namepart":"William Marutani"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Herbert J. Horikawa"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zq9m","namepart":"Marutani, William Masaharu"}],"contributor":"JACL Philadelphia","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Medford, New Jersey","creation":"October 23, 1994","status":"completed","search_hidden":"William Marutani narrator \nHerbert J. Horikawa interviewer Marutani, William Masaharu 88922nr015zq9m","download_large":"ddr-phljacl-1-14-1-mezzanine-07c926a5f9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-343","model":"entity","index":"9 134/{'value': 142, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-343/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-343/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tbetty-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tbetty-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Betty Tanakatsubo Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born June 15, 1925, in Sacramento, California. During World War II, removed to the Sacramento Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Transferred to the Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado. Left camp for Cleveland, Ohio, and worked for the War Relocation Authority. Eventually settled in Chicago, Illinois.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:16:57","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-343","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":580,"namepart":"Betty Tanakatsubo"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr003dx10","namepart":"Kaihara, Tsuyako Betty"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Skokie, Illinois","creation":"June 15, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Betty Tanakatsubo narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Kaihara, Tsuyako Betty 88922nr003dx10","download_large":"denshovh-tbetty-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"847","model":"narrator","index":"10 135/{'value': 142, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/847/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/847/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ytokio.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ytokio.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/847/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tokio Yamane","bio":"Kibei male. Born Born September 2, 1922, in Hawaii. Moved with family to Hiroshima at age three, then returned to the Fresno area of the U.S. for high school. During World War II, was sent to the Fresno Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. While at Jerome, refused to answer the so-called \"loyalty questions\" and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp when it became a segregation center. At the end of 1943, was involved in a confrontation with camp administrators and was severely beaten by War Relocation Officials and thrown in Tule Lake's stockade. While in the stockade, participated in a hunger strike, and later helped to organize young people's groups with the goal of going to Japan. Eventually renounced U.S. citizenship and was sent to the Santa Fe Department of Justice camp before expatriation to Japan. Remained in Japan after the war, working for the U.S. occupation army and then in private business."},{"id":"ddr-densho-121-3","model":"entity","index":"11 136/{'value': 142, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-121-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-121-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-121/ddr-densho-121-3-mezzanine-7e259ced72-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-121/ddr-densho-121-3-mezzanine-7e259ced72-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen Vol. 21 No. 22","description":"Selected article titles: \"Six Nisei GIs Killed, 16 Hurt in Plane Crash\" (p. 1), \"Trailer Homes for Returning Evacuees\" (p. 1), \"Attorney Wirin Not Connected With Tule Lake Cases\" (p. 1), \"Outrigger Club Officials Will Continue Anti-Oriental Policy\" (p. 1), \"Nisei Soldiers Lead Armistice Parade In Italy\" (p. 1), \"Two Counties Bar Aid to Evacuee Group\" (p. 1), \"Pauley Indicates Reparations Commission Has No Interest In Properties of Loyal Aliens\" (p. 2), \"Four Nisei Veterans Declare Atomic Bombing was Justified\" (p. 2), \"Pearl Harbor Canards: Reporter Unable to Discover Evidence of Any Nisei Part In Japanese Raid on Hawaii\" (p. 2), \"Gen. MacArthur Will Accept Repatriates from U.S, Says Justice Department Official\" (p. 2), \"First Tule Lake Group Deported On Transport\" (p. 2), \"Nisei Veterans Initiated into VFW\" (p. 2), \"Nisei Defends Self in Draft Violation Trial\" (p. 2), \"JACL Committee to Combat Seizures of Nisei-Owned Land\" (p. 3), \"Poston Relocation Center Closes Before Deadline\" (p. 3), \"Manzanar Center Closed by WRA Before Deadline\" (p. 3), \"Report West Coast Reaction \"Mixed\"on Citizenship Plea\" (p. 3), \"Navy Restrictions on Nisei Lifted in Hawaii Area\" (p. 6), \"Urge Canadian Nisei to Fight Deportation\" (p. 8).","extent":"1415W x 2074H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-121-3","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","creation":"1-Dec-45","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-121-3-mezzanine-7e259ced72-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-16-17","model":"entity","index":"12 137/{'value': 142, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-16-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-16-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-16/ddr-pc-16-17-mezzanine-590e3f0fd1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-16/ddr-pc-16-17-mezzanine-590e3f0fd1-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 18 No. 13 (April 22, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Ban on Return of Evacuees May Be for Reasons Other Than Military, Declares 'Fortune'\" (p. 1), \"Nine Soldiers Sentenced at Courts-Martial. 28 on Trial for Refusal to Accept Military Training\" (p. 2), \"Sentinel Calls On Center to Save Youths\" (p. 2), \"Draft Delinquents Placed in Jail in Four Wyoming Cities\" (p. 2), \"Five Segregants Arrested for Threats At Tule Lake Camp\" (p. 2), \"Report Indefinite Leaves Hit New High of 510 for Week\" (p. 2), \"WRA Initiates Trial Period In Effort to Spur Program Of Relocation Outside Camp\" (p. 7), \"Admiral Hart Finds No Proof Of Sabotage at Pearl Harbor\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-16-17","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"April 22, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-16-17-mezzanine-590e3f0fd1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-151-61","model":"entity","index":"13 138/{'value': 142, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-151-61/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-151-61/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-151/ddr-densho-151-61-mezzanine-ea18d12816-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-151/ddr-densho-151-61-mezzanine-ea18d12816-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese Americans registering for mass removal","description":"Original WRA caption: Residents of Japanese ancestry appear for registration prior to evacuation. Evacuees will be housed in War Relocation Authority centers for the duration.\r\nUpdated Library of Congress summary: \"Photograph shows Shizuko Ina standing behind others waiting to be assigned a \"family number\" before being removed from their homes and incarcerated in a detention facility at Tanforan Racetrack. She was later moved with her husband, Itaru Ina (1914-1977) to a concentration camp in Topaz, Utah, and then to Tule Lake Segregation Center, near Newell in Northern California. The family was separated in July 1945 when Itaru was transferred to Fort Lincoln, a Department of Justice camp for \"enemy aliens\" in Bismarck, North Dakota, and reunited in April 1946 at Crystal City, Texas. (Source: Satsuki Ina, daughter of Shizuko Ina, February 2020).\"","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-151-61","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Lange, Dorothea"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\") -- Preparation","id":"189"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0085c3g","namepart":"Ina, Shizuko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"photograph","location":"San Francisco, California","facility":[{"term":"Tanforan","id":"15"},{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"},{"term":"Topaz (Central Utah)","id":"1"},{"term":"Fort Lincoln (Bismarck)","id":"28"}],"creation":"Apr 25, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Lange, Dorothea photographer Ina, Shizuko 88922nr0085c3g","download_large":"ddr-densho-151-61-mezzanine-ea18d12816-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-44","model":"entity","index":"14 139/{'value': 142, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-44/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-44/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mwilliam-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mwilliam-01-a.jpg"},"title":"William Marutani Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born March 31, 1923, in Kent, Washington. During World War II, was incarcerated at the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp to attend college in South Dakota, was drafted into the U.S. Army and served with the Military Intelligence Service during the postwar occupation of Japan. After military service, became an attorney and then a judge. Served as the legal counsel for the Japanese American Citizens League from 1962 to 1970. Was the only Japanese American appointed to serve on the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) during the redress movement.
(This interview was conducted at the Voices of Japanese American Redress Conference, held on the UCLA campus and sponsored by the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Because of the full conference schedule, our interviews were limited to one hour. The interviews therefore focused primarily on a single topic, namely, the narrator's role in the redress movement.)","extent":"00:52:56","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-44","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":50,"namepart":"William Marutani"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Becky Fukuda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Gary Kawaguchi"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zq9m","namepart":"Marutani, William Masaharu"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"University of CA, Los Angeles","creation":"September 11, 1997","status":"completed","search_hidden":"William Marutani narrator \nBecky Fukuda interviewer \nGary Kawaguchi interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Marutani, William Masaharu 88922nr015zq9m","download_large":"denshovh-mwilliam-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-432","model":"entity","index":"15 140/{'value': 142, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-432/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-432/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ytokio-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ytokio-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tokio Yamane Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born September 2, 1922, in Hawaii. Moved with family to Hiroshima at age three, then returned to the Fresno area of the U.S. for high school. During World War II, was sent to the Fresno Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. While at Jerome, refused to answer the so-called \"loyalty questions\" and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp when it became a segregation center. At the end of 1943, was involved in a confrontation with camp administrators and was severely beaten by War Relocation Officials and thrown in Tule Lake's stockade. While in the stockade, participated in a hunger strike, and later helped to organize young people's groups with the goal of going to Japan. Eventually renounced U.S. citizenship and was sent to the Santa Fe Department of Justice camp before expatriation to Japan. Remained in Japan after the war, working for the U.S. occupation army and then in private business.
(This interview was conducted in Japanese. The transcript is a translation of the original interview. This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"04:42:24","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-432","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":847,"namepart":"Yamane, Tokio"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Sachiko Takita-Ishii"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Yoko Murakawa"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr006gt3d","namepart":"Yamane, Tokio"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Japan","creation":"May 23, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yamane, Tokio narrator \nSachiko Takita-Ishii interviewer \nYoko Murakawa interviewer Yamane, Tokio 88922nr006gt3d","download_large":"denshovh-ytokio-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-119-161","model":"entity","index":"16 141/{'value': 142, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-119-161/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-119-161/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-161-mezzanine-10cf52d400-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-161-mezzanine-10cf52d400-a.jpg"},"title":"Minidoka Irrigator Vol. II No. 3 (January 9, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Clothing Grants Given. First Payment Covers Period Up to Nov. 1, 10 Blocks Cared For\" (p. 1), \"No Transfer to Another Center Planned\" (p. 1), \"Reunion of Internee and Family Assured by Myer\" (p. 1), \"New Camp Opening. Best, Glenn Now in Temporary Charge\" (p. 1), \"West Coast Sentiment\" (p. 2), \"Sanitary Survey Under Way\" (p. 2), \"Courses Will Aid Men Planning to Enroll at Savage\" (p. 3), \"WPB Aims to Conserve Tin. Favored Food Items Banned from Cans in Latest Action\" (p. 4), \"Relocation Before War's End is Stressed. Urgency of Early Resettlement Told by Schmoe\" (p. 5), \"Fire Crew Aids Work on Ice Rink\" (p. 5), \"17 Persons are Transferred Here from Tule Lake\" (p. 5), \"Japanese Library Issues Call for More Books\" (p. 6), \"Discussions Set on Yasui Case\" (p. 7), \"Immunization Offered Residents\" (p. 7), \"Co-op Requires Identification to Cash Checks\" (p. 8).","extent":"1180W x 1976H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-119-161","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Minidoka Irrigator","id":"173"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"January 9, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-119-161-mezzanine-10cf52d400-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Tule Lake Relocation Center","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}