{"total":2240,"limit":25,"offset":2125,"prev_offset":2100,"next_offset":2150,"page_size":25,"this_page":86,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Tule Lake&limit=25&offset=2100","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Tule Lake&limit=25&offset=2150","objects":[{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-1946","model":"entity","index":"0 2125/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1946/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-1946/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1946-mezzanine-da468f6afb-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1946-mezzanine-da468f6afb-a.jpg"},"title":"Tulean dispatch magazine section, no. 11 (July 1943)","description":"Monthly publication at Tule Lake incarceration camp including stories, poems, commentary and creative writing. Current issue includes an essay, \"Does it Pay to Stay Here\" by Rev. Shigeo Tanabe, a poem, \"Relocation\" by Minoru Kimura, \"Nisei Personality Adjustment\" by James Sakoda, \"Gloom\" by Buster Sawai, \"Outside\" by Shuji Kimura, Nisei personality profile on Rev. Shigeo Tanabe, \"There Are Such People\" by Dan O'Hara [Ohara], and a cartoon illustration of a block manager's office. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/11603\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sac_jaac_1949</a>","extent":"36 pages; 8.5 x 7 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-1946","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Tulean Dispatch"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Tanabe, Shigeo"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Kimura, Minoru"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Sakoda, James"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Sawai, Buster"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Ohara, Dan"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications","id":"74"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Arts and literature","id":"172"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"1943-07","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States. War Relocation Authority publisher \nTulean Dispatch publisher \nTanabe, Shigeo contributor \nKimura, Minoru contributor \nSakoda, James contributor \nSawai, Buster contributor \nOhara, Dan contributor","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-1946-mezzanine-da468f6afb-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-65-121","model":"entity","index":"1 2126/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-65-121/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-65-121/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-65/ddr-densho-65-121-mezzanine-34dc4f68b9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-65/ddr-densho-65-121-mezzanine-34dc4f68b9-a.jpg"},"title":"Tulean Dispatch Vol. IV No. 33 (December 21, 1942)","description":"Selected article titles: \"5140 Join Cooperatives\" (p. 1), \"Lumber Stackers Ask Apron Return\" (p. 1), \"Will Create Fund To Aid Students\" (p. 1), \"Wanted: 2 P.E. Girl Teachers\" (p. 1), \"Health Department Says Diseases, Cold Increasing\" (p. 1), \"More Ideal Gifts On Display; #3001\" (p. 1), \"Coop Ask Resident Cooperation on Clothing Allowance Checks\" (p. 1), \"Tule Lake Will Have Gym Auditorium Seating 1500: Construction Has Started\" (p. 2), \"Shirrell to Leave December 27 For Position of Evacuee Employment Head\" (p. 3), \"Report Clothing Sales Authorized\" (p. 3), \"Appointments for Beauty Shop Filled\" (p. 3), \"No More New Leave Applications Issued Until Further Notice\" (p. 3).","extent":"1288W x 2124H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-65-121","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Tulean Dispatch","id":"174"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Mayeda, Harry"},{"namepart":"Fleming, Paul"},{"namepart":"McKay, Jeanne"},{"namepart":"Van Buskirk, Garnet"},{"namepart":"Yasui, Tatsumi"},{"namepart":"Jacoby, Harold"},{"namepart":"Ishimoto, Robert Shigeru"},{"namepart":"Endo, Anna"},{"namepart":"Tokuno, Alice"},{"namepart":"Jinbo, Kay"},{"namepart":"Watamura, Florence"},{"namepart":"Tamiyasu, Sue"},{"namepart":"Suzuki, Tsuyako"},{"namepart":"Himoto, Bernice"},{"namepart":"Yamamoto, Grace"},{"namepart":"Suguro, Aiko"},{"namepart":"Mayeda, Bryan"},{"namepart":"Hirata, M"},{"namepart":"Katsuyama, Harry"},{"namepart":"Matsumura, Paul"},{"namepart":"Shirrell, Elmer L"},{"namepart":"Ichimura, Henry"},{"namepart":"Imai, Richard"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Yoriko"},{"namepart":"Hashimoto, Jimmy"},{"namepart":"Yoshiyama, M"},{"namepart":"Tanaka, Y"},{"namepart":"Matsunaga, S"},{"namepart":"Kubota, Jack"},{"namepart":"Huyke, Loren"},{"namepart":"Murakami, Hatsumi"},{"namepart":"Junjiro, Takaki"},{"namepart":"Okumura, May"},{"namepart":"Nakano, M"},{"namepart":"Okara, George"},{"namepart":"Fukaye, Lillian"},{"namepart":"Tonamura, Tsutomi"},{"namepart":"Hasebe, T"},{"namepart":"Odoni, Haruko H"},{"namepart":"Shimotori, Minao"},{"namepart":"Shimotori, Ayako"},{"namepart":"Tanizawa, Milton"},{"namepart":"Tanizawa, John"},{"namepart":"Okumura, Jack"},{"namepart":"Harada, Haruto"},{"namepart":"Tamiyasu, Mick"},{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Yorimi"},{"namepart":"Yoshikawa, Ed"},{"namepart":"Homma, Takao"},{"namepart":"Sugiyama, Andy"},{"namepart":"Tomita, Bob"},{"namepart":"Yoshimura, Shig"},{"namepart":"Honda, Masahiro"},{"namepart":"Kushida, Akira"},{"namepart":"Morikawa, Jim"},{"namepart":"Sumida, Tots"},{"namepart":"Fujimoto, Yoshio"},{"namepart":"Uchihara, George"},{"namepart":"Hayashida, Bob"},{"namepart":"Horio, Frank"},{"namepart":"Tsukiji, Ted"},{"namepart":"Nishiyama, Tomi"},{"namepart":"Fukumori, Tar"},{"namepart":"Yonehiro, Earl"},{"namepart":"Yasui, Norman"},{"namepart":"Sasaki, Tak"},{"namepart":"Ichikawa, James"},{"namepart":"Kagiyama, Andy"},{"namepart":"Taketa, James"},{"namepart":"Yada, Joe"},{"namepart":"Ono, T"},{"namepart":"Kono, N"},{"namepart":"Mano, G"},{"namepart":"Hamatani, O"},{"namepart":"Noda, A"},{"namepart":"Watanabe, B"},{"namepart":"Tokuyoshi, K"},{"namepart":"Ogata, M"},{"namepart":"Miura, A"},{"namepart":"Iwata, R"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, T"},{"namepart":"Hamamoto, H"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Tule Lake concentration camp, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"December 21, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mayeda, Harry \nFleming, Paul \nMcKay, Jeanne \nVan Buskirk, Garnet \nYasui, Tatsumi \nJacoby, Harold \nIshimoto, Robert Shigeru \nEndo, Anna \nTokuno, Alice \nJinbo, Kay \nWatamura, Florence \nTamiyasu, Sue \nSuzuki, Tsuyako \nHimoto, Bernice \nYamamoto, Grace \nSuguro, Aiko \nMayeda, Bryan \nHirata, M \nKatsuyama, Harry \nMatsumura, Paul \nShirrell, Elmer L \nIchimura, Henry \nImai, Richard \nHosokawa, Yoriko \nHashimoto, Jimmy \nYoshiyama, M \nTanaka, Y \nMatsunaga, S \nKubota, Jack \nHuyke, Loren \nMurakami, Hatsumi \nJunjiro, Takaki \nOkumura, May \nNakano, M \nOkara, George \nFukaye, Lillian \nTonamura, Tsutomi \nHasebe, T \nOdoni, Haruko H \nShimotori, Minao \nShimotori, Ayako \nTanizawa, Milton \nTanizawa, John \nOkumura, Jack \nHarada, Haruto \nTamiyasu, Mick \nMatsumoto, Yorimi \nYoshikawa, Ed \nHomma, Takao \nSugiyama, Andy \nTomita, Bob \nYoshimura, Shig \nHonda, Masahiro \nKushida, Akira \nMorikawa, Jim \nSumida, Tots \nFujimoto, Yoshio \nUchihara, George \nHayashida, Bob \nHorio, Frank \nTsukiji, Ted \nNishiyama, Tomi \nFukumori, Tar \nYonehiro, Earl \nYasui, Norman \nSasaki, Tak \nIchikawa, James \nKagiyama, Andy \nTaketa, James \nYada, Joe \nOno, T \nKono, N \nMano, G \nHamatani, O \nNoda, A \nWatanabe, B \nTokuyoshi, K \nOgata, M \nMiura, A \nIwata, R \nHosokawa, T \nHamamoto, H","download_large":"ddr-densho-65-121-mezzanine-34dc4f68b9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-356-235","model":"entity","index":"2 2127/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-235/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-356-235/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-235-mezzanine-29d2dc9354-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-235-mezzanine-29d2dc9354-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter to Yuri Domoto from Yoshito Shibata","description":"Letter to Yuriko Domoto Tsukada from Yoshito Shibata in which he comforts Yuri on her misbehaving typewriter by sharing a Reader's Digest story, and his own typewriter's faults.  He continues by discussing Yuri's sister's (Wakako Domoto) relocation to Denver, his recent skiing trip, the rash of promotions at Camp Savage, a prank by the mailroom staff, a recent send off party at a local restaurant, answers to questions about his smoking habit, information about his own family in Tule Lake, competition on finishing his own degree, a complement to Yuri's letter writing skills, and details about the inability to write letters once sent off for deployment.","extent":"envelope: 7.5W x 3.875H; letter: 7.25W x 10.75H","links_children":"ddr-densho-356-235","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Shibata, Yoshito"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Shibata, Yoshito"},{"namepart":"Tsukada, Yuriko (Domoto)"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Savage, Minnesota","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"},{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"January 15, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Shibata, Yoshito author Shibata, Yoshito \nTsukada, Yuriko (Domoto)","download_large":"ddr-densho-356-235-mezzanine-29d2dc9354-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-29-9","model":"entity","index":"3 2128/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-29-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-29-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-9-mezzanine-2e93ea250e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-9-mezzanine-2e93ea250e-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 44, No. 9 (March 1, 1957)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Noted Oregonians Honored for Wartime Service to Nisei, JACL\" (p. 1); Bill Hosokawa Promoted Post's Exec. News Ed\" (p. 1); Shonien 'red carp,' JACL 'pinwheel' on L.A. museum exhibit\" (p. 1); No. Calif. Japanese Americans launch $5,000 campaign for Immigration Museum\" (p. 1); \"Issei, Nisei, Sansei...Sensei\" (p. 2); \"Seek central camp in Orange County for Japan farm laborers\" (p. 3); \"Salt Lake JACL supports civil rights bill pending before Utah legislature\" (p. 3); \"Disneyland Hotel Reserved for Pacific Southwest Convention\" (p. 4); \"Repeal of Washington State Alien Land Law Motted by JACL\" (p. 5); \"JATB Travelers slap Zebras with 82-71 loss before over 500\" (p. 6); \"Bill Kajikawa resigns head basketball mentor post at Arizona State College\" (p. 6); \"Taul Watanabe in Japan sizing up new enterprises\" (p. 8); \"Ex-Tule Lake head to install cabinet at Santa Barbara\" (p. 8); \"Senate to vote on civil rights bill\" (p. 8); \"Honor new citizens at Snake River fete\" (p. 8)","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-29-9","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics -- Lobbying","id":"238"},{"term":"Arts and literature -- Visual arts","id":"180"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon","id":"284"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington","id":"290"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Community activities -- Sports","id":"24"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Journalism","id":"360"},{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Mobilizing and organizing the community","id":"111"},{"term":"Reflections on the past -- Exhibitions","id":"394"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"03/01/1957","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-29-9-mezzanine-2e93ea250e-a.jpg"},{"id":"50","model":"narrator","index":"4 2129/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/50/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/50/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mwilliam.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mwilliam.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/50/interviews/"},"display_name":"William Marutani","bio":"Nisei male. Born March 31, 1923, in Kent, Washington. During World War II, was incarcerated at the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp to attend college in South Dakota, was drafted into the U.S. Army and served with the Military Intelligence Service during the postwar occupation of Japan. After military service, became an attorney and then a judge. Served as the legal counsel for the Japanese American Citizens League from 1962 to 1970. Was the only Japanese American appointed to serve on the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) during the redress movement."},{"id":"58","model":"narrator","index":"5 2130/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/58/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/58/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mfrank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mfrank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/58/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Miyamoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 29, 1912, in Seattle, Washington. Wrote 'Social Solidarity Among the Japanese in Seattle' as a Master's thesis, published in 1939 as one of the first academic works on the Japanese immigrant community. Incarcerated in Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Member of the Evacuation and Resettlement Study which studied the incarceration and resettlement of Japanese Americans during World War II. Resettled in Seattle. Was a longtime member of the faculty in Sociology at the University of Washington, served as Chairman of his department, and was Acting Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences."},{"id":"140","model":"narrator","index":"6 2131/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/140/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/140/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hjim.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hjim.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/140/interviews/"},"display_name":"Jim Hirabayashi","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 30, 1926, in small town of Thomas, Washington, on family farm. Attended school in Auburn, Washington, before being removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Left camp to work in Idaho, and was subsequently joined by family. Postwar, became a social anthropologist, and later became only the second Nisei to teach at San Francisco State University. Instrumental in the struggle to establish the field of Ethnic Studies. Brother of Gordon Hirabayashi, who defied the curfew and removal orders in 1942, and was arrested, convicted, and imprisoned. Gordon Hirabayashi's conviction was vacated in 1986."},{"id":"457","model":"narrator","index":"7 2132/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/457/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/457/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mkenji.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mkenji.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/457/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kenji Maruko","bio":"Sansei male. Born December 13, 1920, in Fresno, California. Father was born in Hawaii, mother was born in Japan. Grew up in Fresno, where parents ran a successful bicycle shop and general store. During World War II, removed to the Fresno Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questions\" and was segregated to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Renounced U.S. citizenship, and was transferred to the Department of Justice camp at Santa Fe, New Mexico. Decided to remain in the U.S., and had citizenship restored. After the war, returned to Fresno."},{"id":"1021","model":"narrator","index":"8 2133/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1021/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1021/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-539_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-539_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1021/interviews/"},"display_name":"Jeff Furumura","bio":"Sansei male. Born November 23, 1950, in Los Angeles, California. During World War II, father was in a tuberculosis sanitarium, then was taken to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and mother was sent to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Parents met in Chicago, Illinois, after leaving the camps. Jeff grew up in the Los Angeles area and eventually attended UCLA. Became involved in various political and civil rights causes and joined the staff of Gidra. Became a programmer, raised a family, and eventually moved to Hawaii where he worked for the Hawaii Medical Service Association. "},{"id":"847","model":"narrator","index":"9 2134/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/847/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/847/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ytokio.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ytokio.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/847/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tokio Yamane","bio":"Kibei male. Born Born September 2, 1922, in Hawaii. Moved with family to Hiroshima at age three, then returned to the Fresno area of the U.S. for high school. During World War II, was sent to the Fresno Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. While at Jerome, refused to answer the so-called \"loyalty questions\" and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp when it became a segregation center. At the end of 1943, was involved in a confrontation with camp administrators and was severely beaten by War Relocation Officials and thrown in Tule Lake's stockade. While in the stockade, participated in a hunger strike, and later helped to organize young people's groups with the goal of going to Japan. Eventually renounced U.S. citizenship and was sent to the Santa Fe Department of Justice camp before expatriation to Japan. Remained in Japan after the war, working for the U.S. occupation army and then in private business."},{"id":"75","model":"narrator","index":"10 2135/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/75/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/75/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nfumiko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nfumiko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/75/interviews/"},"display_name":"Fumiko M. Noji","bio":"Nisei female. Born October 13, 1909, in Bellingham, Washington. Lost her United States citizenship when she married an Issei through an arranged marriage. Before 1920, her husband's family established Columbia Greenhouse, one of the first Japanese American-owned greenhouse businesses. Incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Husband was held by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle before being interned in the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Briefly resettled with husband in Emmett, Idaho and Spokane, Washington before becoming one of the first families to return to Seattle where they resumed operation of the family greenhouse business."},{"id":"170","model":"narrator","index":"11 2136/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/170/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/170/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/oarthur.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/oarthur.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/170/interviews/"},"display_name":"Arthur Ogami","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 10, 1922, in Whittier, California. Spent childhood in California, before being removed to Manzanar concentration camp in 1942. Left Manzanar several times to work as a beet topper for local farmers. Decided to expatriate to Japan because of mother's wishes, and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp. In 1945, was moved with brother to Bismarck, North Dakota, a Department of Justice camp, before renouncing U.S. citizenship and traveling with family to Japan. Lived and worked in Japan until the 1950s, when he was able have his U.S. citizenship reinstated and return to the U.S. Raised family in Los Angeles, California."},{"id":"415","model":"narrator","index":"12 2137/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/415/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/415/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfrank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfrank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/415/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Sumida","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 10, 1925, in Chicago, Illinois. Grew up primarily in Los Angeles, California, where parents ran a restaurant. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, where he participating in running an organized gambling operation. Moved briefly to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, before being sent to Tule Lake, California, after signing the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" Transferred to the Santa Fe Department of Justice internment camp, New Mexico. Upon wishes of parents, renounced U.S. citizenship and expatriated to Japan. Worked for the military government during the U.S. occupation of Japan. Eventually regained U.S. citizenship and returned to the United States."},{"id":"592","model":"narrator","index":"13 2138/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/592/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/592/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ngeorge.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ngeorge.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/592/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Nakano","bio":"Sansei male. Born November 24, 1935, in Los Angeles, California. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, as a result of parents' answers on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" After leaving camp, returned to California, attended school, and served in the California Air National Guard. Earned a Masters in Education and became a teacher. In 1998, elected to the California State Legislature. Appointed by the Speaker in January 2002 to serve as Democractic Caucus Chair and became one of the highest-ranking Asian Americans in the State Legislature."},{"id":"594","model":"narrator","index":"14 2139/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/594/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/594/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iart_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iart_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/594/interviews/"},"display_name":"Art Ishida","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 2, 1921, in Fresno, California. Grew up in the Gardena area of Los Angeles, California, before moving to Japan with parents in 1929 and returning to California in the 1930s. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Gave a qualified answer on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire and was transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Moved briefly to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, before being released from camp and living in Chicago, Illinois. Drafted into the military and served in Korea as an interpreter for the Military Intelligence Service. Eventually returned to California."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-2-90","model":"entity","index":"15 2140/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-90/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-2-90/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-2/ddr-csujad-2-90-mezzanine-8101e4809b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-2/ddr-csujad-2-90-mezzanine-8101e4809b-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Willard E. Schmidt, National Chief of Internal Security, to R. B. Cozzens, Field Assistant Director, War Relocation Authority, November 22, 1943","description":"Contains recommendations for future planning and functions of the Internal Security Section of the Tule Lake incarceration camp, including for a segregation area for \"bachelor Kibei and recalcitrants\" and detailing needs for personnel, equipment, and security procedures; letter calls for the camp to be considered \"maximum type\" given that it has become more of an isolation center than a relocation center, and discusses its internal security ratio in comparison with that of the Wartime Civil Control Administration at Santa Anita and of the city of Los Angeles. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/6132\" target=\"_blank\">sjs_sch_0090</a>","extent":"5 pages, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-2-90","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Schmidt, Willard E."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- Wartime Civil Control Administration (WCCA)","id":"402"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"San Jose State University Department of Special Collections and Archives","rights":"pcc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"11/22/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Schmidt, Willard E. author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-2-90-mezzanine-8101e4809b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-2-89","model":"entity","index":"16 2141/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-89/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-2-89/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-2/ddr-csujad-2-89-mezzanine-726e94015c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-2/ddr-csujad-2-89-mezzanine-726e94015c-a.jpg"},"title":"Memo from multiple incarcerees to the Co-ordinating Committee, February 1944","description":"States that the incarcerees wish to see \"normalcy re-established\" and peace and cooperation preserved between the Administration and the \"Colony\" in the Tule Lake incarceration camp, pledging support for the Co-ordinating Committee's efforts to attain peace at the camp. A handwritten annotation next to one of the people's names provides his or her release date. Names Signed: Akiyama; Mohri; Yamanaka; Kimura, Mitsuo; Ikeda; Yamamoto, Koichi; Shimizu; Fujimoto, William; Inouye; Asato; Tsuchiya; Naito, Sam; Yoshida; Saito; Kozuma; Komiya, S.; Kobayashi, Yukio; Tateishi, H. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/6131\" target=\"_blank\">sjs_sch_0089</a>","extent":"1 page, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-2-89","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Schmidt, Willard E."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Conflicts, intimidation, and violence","id":"162"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Conflicts, intimidation, and violence -- Tule Lake strike","id":"533"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"San Jose State University Department of Special Collections and Archives","rights":"pcc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"2/7/1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Schmidt, Willard E. author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-2-89-mezzanine-726e94015c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-44-33","model":"entity","index":"17 2142/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-44-33/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-44-33/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-44/ddr-csujad-44-33-mezzanine-638ac17898-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-44/ddr-csujad-44-33-mezzanine-638ac17898-a.jpg"},"title":"Spanish Club","description":"A large group photograph of Nisei high school students incarcerated at Tule Lake, California posing in front of a barrack. They are presumably the members of Spanish Club. Two rows of men are standing behind a row of women and men seated in chairs. A young man is kneeling on the ground on each side of the front row of chairs. Their Caucasian teacher is seated in the middle of the front row of chairs. Photo inscription on back: \"Spanish Club.\" Title from inscription. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/41546\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">csumb_ms15_0033</a>","extent":"black and white, 2.375 x 3.125 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-44-33","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Monterey Bay","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"circa 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-44-33-mezzanine-638ac17898-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-121-17","model":"entity","index":"18 2143/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-121-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-121-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-121/ddr-densho-121-17-mezzanine-1182c2f289-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-121/ddr-densho-121-17-mezzanine-1182c2f289-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen Vol. 22 No. 12","description":"Selected article titles: \"Charge Wounded Nisei Treated Like POWs\" (p. 1), \"JACL Protests Treatment of Nisei Wounded on Ship\" (p. 1), \"Tule Lake, Last of Centers, Closed by Relocation Agency\" (p. 1), \"Clark Reveals Santa Fe Camp Will Be Closed\" (p. 1), \"California Personnel Board Expected to Drop Charges Against Japanese Americans\" (p. 2), \"Report 7100 Persons Repatriated to Japan\" (p. 2), \"Evanston Group Asks Extension of Naturalization to Issei\" (p. 2), \"Koyama Warns Nisei Veterans of VFW's Attempt to Organize Segregated Post in Spokane\" (p. 3), \"Final Segregee Group Moved From Newell\" (p. 3), \"Washington News-Letter: Hank Gosho Fought With Famous Merrill's Mauauders\" (p. 5), \"New York Conference Will Be Held on Immigration Laws\" (p. 5).","extent":"1410W x 2044H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-121-17","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","creation":"23-Mar-46","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-121-17-mezzanine-1182c2f289-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-156-195","model":"entity","index":"19 2144/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-156-195/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-156-195/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-156/ddr-densho-156-195-mezzanine-3d45408748-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-156/ddr-densho-156-195-mezzanine-3d45408748-a.jpg"},"title":"Daily Press Review, Vol. 2, No. 17","description":"Article titles: \"Beet Laborers Needed to Save Crop in Sheridan County\"; \"Approximately 150 Men Now Employed on Construction of Relocation Center\"; \"Group Plans to Supply Labor Needs\"; \"Caldwell Japanese Dies of Injuries\"; \"Labor Shortage Chief Problem of Beet Sugar Industry\"; \"First Group of Local Japanese Reach Tule Lake\"; \"Japanese Evacuees Express Appreciation for Kind Treatment\"; \"Our Enemy Aliens are Treated Like Honored Guests\"; \"Myopic Iowan\"; \"Era of Reclamation\"; \"First Schools Due for Jap Evacuee Pupils\"; \"Jap Center Shift Asked\"; \"Japanese Wife of Chinese Sent to Assembly Center\"; \"U.S. Studies Use of Japs in Interior\"; \"Educator to Tour Jap Evacuee Camp\"; \"S.F. Sailor Quizzed on Talks With Japanese Evacuee\"; \"Jap Sent to Federal Prison\"; \"The Japanese Cities of America.\"","extent":"2344W x 3044H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-156-195","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"June 22, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-156-195-mezzanine-3d45408748-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-156-414","model":"entity","index":"20 2145/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-156-414/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-156-414/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-156/ddr-densho-156-414-mezzanine-48c5d462d7-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-156/ddr-densho-156-414-mezzanine-48c5d462d7-a.jpg"},"title":"Information Digest No. 56","description":"Section titles: \"Dies Committee Summons Ray Best\"; \"Appeal Board Planned for Tule Lake Segregants\"; \"Rohwer Schools Buy Three Jeeps\"; \"Seven Nisei Girls Inducted in WAC\"; \"California State Board of Agriculture Resolution\"; \"Clearance Review Committee Enlarged\"; \"Denver Administrative Management Meeting\"; \"Community Councils Taking Active Part in Relocation Program\"; \"Relocation 'Team' Available to All Centers\"; \"Community Councils Taking Active Part in Relocation Program\"; \"Relocation 'Team' Available to All Centers\"; \"Japanese Christian Leaders Hold National Conference\"; \"Property Officers to Meet in San Francisco\"; \"Relocation Office Closes\"; \"Vocational Training Committee Reorganized\"; \"Gila Buddhist Group Promotes Better Understanding\"; \"Central Utah Develops Novel Method for Teaching Basic English\"; \"WRA to Get Newer Motor Equipment\"; \"Personnel Changes\"; \"November at the Projects.\"","extent":"2376W x 3144H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-156-414","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"January 1, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-156-414-mezzanine-48c5d462d7-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-15-48","model":"entity","index":"21 2146/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-15-48/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-15-48/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-48-mezzanine-f865288a6e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-48-mezzanine-f865288a6e-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 17 No. 23 (December 11, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Military 'Fluke' Gave Army's Japanese American Battalion Chance to Fight on Italy Front\" (p. 1), \"Report Rivers Evacuee Shot By Army Sentry. Refused to Answer Challenge of Soldier, Says WRA Official\" (p. 1), \"Japanese American Woman, Wife of Chinese, Receives Permission to Return Home. Reported First Nisei To Win Right to Reenter Seattle Region\" (p. 3), \"The Evacuation Test Case: Coast Federal Appeals Court Upholds Legality of Military Order in Korematsu Case\" (p. 5), \"Dillon Myer Expresses WRA Hope of Relocating 70,000 Eligible Evacuees in 1944. Relocation Director Singles Out Hearst Papers For Inflammatory Articles on Japanese Americans Story of Tule Lake Affair Told in New York City\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-15-48","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"December 11, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-15-48-mezzanine-f865288a6e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-15-19","model":"entity","index":"22 2147/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-15-19/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-15-19/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-19-mezzanine-cd066a1983-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-19-mezzanine-cd066a1983-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 16 No. 19 (May 18, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Supreme Court Hears Nisei Test Cases. Yasui, Hirabayashi Appeals Challenge Constitutionality Of Evacuation of U.S. Citizens\" (p. 1), \"Senate Committee Reports on Relocation, Urging Release Of Loyal Evacuees from Centers\" (p. 1), \"Hawaii's Food Raised Largely By Japanese\" (p. 1), \"Masaoka Will Appear Before House Hearing\" (p. 1), \"New Born Baby Confounds Coast Exclusion Orders\" (p. 2), \"Large Nisei Influx Into St. Paul Area Reported by Tanbara\" (p. 3), \"Poston Faced By Manpower Shortage; Commission Is Formed for Labor Study\" (p. 7), \"Mrs. Roosevelt Reiterates Stand on Release of Nisei\" (p. 8), \"Tule Lake Evacuees Fined For Snaring Ducks Near Center\" (p. 8), \"Heart Mountain Center Head Denies Extravagance in Food\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-15-19","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"May 13, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-15-19-mezzanine-cd066a1983-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-15-41","model":"entity","index":"23 2148/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-15-41/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-15-41/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-41-mezzanine-488cfd1e6c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-41-mezzanine-488cfd1e6c-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 17 No. 16 (October 23, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Japanese Americans Should Have Fair Trial, Pearl Buck Tells California Senate Group. Noted Author Declares Exclusion Laws Against Asiatics Primary Cause of Present War; Danger of Real Race War Told Committee\" (p. 1), \"West Coast Fair Play Group Surveys Washington Opinion On Japanese Americans. Mrs. Ruth Kingman Declares Pacific Coast Committee Interested in Presenting Fair Picture of Problem to Prevent Unjust Prejudice\" (p. 1), \"Citizens' Group Leads Fight For Evacuee Schooling Right. 7-Year Old Boy Denied Entrance to Kansas City Grammar School\" (p. 2), \"Jerome Auto Crash Hurts 20 Evacuees. Semi-Trailer Carrying Volunteer Woodcutters Overturns on Road\" (p. 2), \"Loyalty Question Splits Couple at Tule Lake Center\" (p. 2).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-15-41","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"October 23, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-15-41-mezzanine-488cfd1e6c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-19-10","model":"entity","index":"24 2149/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-19-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-19-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-19/ddr-pc-19-10-mezzanine-858237a4dc-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-19/ddr-pc-19-10-mezzanine-858237a4dc-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 24 No. 9 (March 8, 1947)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Report Twelve Thousand Nisei in Japan Have Applied for Repatriation to United States\" (p. 1), \"California Supreme Court Hears Stockton Theatre Case On Issei Business Rights\" (p. 1), \"Tule Lake Test Cases Moved To New Court\" (p. 1), \"Bill Seeks Repeal Of California School Segregation\" (p. 1), \"Nisei, Negro Groups Learning to Live, Work Together in Downtown Los Angeles Area\" (p. 2), \"Racial Minorities Victimized As Scapegoats in Time of Economic Crisis, Says Writer\" (p. 2), \"Discuss Amending Laws to Stay Deportation of Alien Residents\" (p. 3), \"Nisei GIs Vital to Success Of Occupation, Says Army. Military Intelligence Service Starts New Recruiting Drive for Japanese Americans\" (p. 3), \"Evacuee Loss Data Sought In Interviews\" (p. 7).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-19-10","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"March 8, 1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-pc-19-10-mezzanine-858237a4dc-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Tule Lake","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}