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This testimony was submitted for the CWRIC hearings in Seattle, Washington, September 9-11, 1981.","extent":"2476W x 3215H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-67-262","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Calhoun, Kimiko Hazel Kusachi"}],"topics":[{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) -- Hearings -- Seattle, Washington hearings","id":"217"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Calhoun, Kimiko Hazel Kusachi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"misc_document","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"September 9-11, 1981","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Calhoun, Kimiko Hazel Kusachi author Calhoun, Kimiko Hazel Kusachi","download_large":"ddr-densho-67-262-mezzanine-51e472bfee-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-67-313","model":"entity","index":"1 1151/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-313/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-67-313/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-67/ddr-densho-67-313-mezzanine-16d732fe28-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-67/ddr-densho-67-313-mezzanine-16d732fe28-a.jpg"},"title":"Testimony of Masayoshi Jin Jinguji","description":"Written testimony of Masayoshi Jin Jinguji. Incarcerated in the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. This testimony was submitted for the CWRIC hearings in Seattle, Washington, September 9-11, 1981. Personal information excised by Densho.","extent":"2496W x 3183H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-67-313","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Jinguji, Masayoshi Jin"}],"topics":[{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) -- Hearings -- Seattle, Washington hearings","id":"217"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Jinguji, Masayoshi Jin"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"misc_document","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"September 9-11, 1981","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Jinguji, Masayoshi Jin author Jinguji, Masayoshi Jin","download_large":"ddr-densho-67-313-mezzanine-16d732fe28-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-27-33","model":"entity","index":"2 1152/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 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(pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-145-507","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Poston Chronicle","id":"212"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Poston (Colorado River) concentration camp, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Poston (Colorado River)","id":"2"}],"creation":"May 18, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-145-507-mezzanine-ee715b5855-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-145-389","model":"entity","index":"6 1156/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-145-389/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-145-389/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-145/ddr-densho-145-389-mezzanine-fe15ab1eb0-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-145/ddr-densho-145-389-mezzanine-fe15ab1eb0-a.jpg"},"title":"Poston Chronicle Vol. XV No. 3 (August 15, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"3000 on Leave from Center\" (p. 1), \"No Tule Lake for Crystal City Applicants\" (p. 1), \"Shaded Bus Station Erected at Pool\" (p. 2), \"Overloading of Wires Hazardous\" (p. 4), \"Post Office Clarifies Open Packages\" (p. 5).","extent":"1192W x 2000H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-145-389","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Poston Chronicle","id":"212"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Poston (Colorado River) concentration camp, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Poston (Colorado River)","id":"2"}],"creation":"August 15, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-145-389-mezzanine-fe15ab1eb0-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-298-32","model":"entity","index":"7 1157/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 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The bride? Our sis - silly! Of course everything else went Kerplunk when Pearl Harbor was attacked and we evacuated - first to Walerga and then to Tule Lake, Calif., Granada, Colo., and finally Topaz, Utah.\"","extent":"3W x 4.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-298-32","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Eto, Mabel Sugiyama"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Weddings","id":"28"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"portrait","creation":"July 1, 1941","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Eto, Mabel Sugiyama author","download_large":"ddr-densho-298-32-mezzanine-44c9bfcd2b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-345-76","model":"entity","index":"8 1158/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-345-76/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-345-76/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-345/ddr-densho-345-76-mezzanine-69f30ed600-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-345/ddr-densho-345-76-mezzanine-69f30ed600-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Harry Gamble to Leon E. 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Born September 13, 1944, in the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. In 1945, family repatriated to Japan. Grew up in Japan, attending school there, before returning with family in the 1950s. 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See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/31189\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sac_jaac_2871</a>","extent":"29 pages; 11 x 8.5 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-2707","topics":[{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Sacramento, California","creation":"1985-05","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-2707-mezzanine-65d13b5d44-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-147-195","model":"entity","index":"13 1163/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-147-195/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-147-195/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-147/ddr-densho-147-195-mezzanine-4a54555dda-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-147/ddr-densho-147-195-mezzanine-4a54555dda-a.jpg"},"title":"Granada Pioneer Vol. II No. 82 (August 19, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Emergency Visits Only to Tule Lake\" (p. 1), \"Motion for New Trial Filed in Treason Case\" (p. 2), \"Mexican Youth Poses as Nisei for Two Years\" (p. 2), \"Demand Return of Evacuees in State Camp\" (p. 3).","extent":"1180W x 2008H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-147-195","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Granada Pioneer","id":"211"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"August 19, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-147-195-mezzanine-4a54555dda-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-147-114","model":"entity","index":"14 1164/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-147-114/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-147-114/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-147/ddr-densho-147-114-mezzanine-9308724b3b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-147/ddr-densho-147-114-mezzanine-9308724b3b-a.jpg"},"title":"Granada Pioneer Vol. II No. 1 (October 30, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Defense Command Releases Contraband. Claimants Classified in Three Categories\" (p. 1), \"15,000 Disloyals Stage Strike at Tule Lake\" (p. 2), \"Five Local Japanese Women Nabbed by FBI\" (p. 5), \"Deportation of Loyal Japs Urged at Hearing\" (p. 6).","extent":"1160W x 1997H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-147-114","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Granada Pioneer","id":"211"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"October 30, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-147-114-mezzanine-9308724b3b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-284-70","model":"entity","index":"15 1165/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-284-70/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-284-70/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-284/ddr-densho-284-70-mezzanine-f8d3f5b7ae-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-284/ddr-densho-284-70-mezzanine-f8d3f5b7ae-a.jpg"},"title":"The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 21 (May 25, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"May 12 Figures: 661 Casualties among Nisei from Centers\" (p. 1), \"Third Anniversary of Tule Lake This Sunday\" (p. 2), \"Closing Dates for Center Schools Set Says Myer\" (p. 3), and \"Former Tulean Commits Suicide\" (p. 3).","extent":"8W x 10.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-284-70","topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Newell Star","id":"417"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Sports","id":"72"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Tule Lake concentration camp, California","facility":[{"term":"Topaz (Central Utah)","id":"1"},{"term":"Poston (Colorado River)","id":"2"},{"term":"Gila River","id":"3"},{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"},{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"},{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"},{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"},{"term":"Rohwer","id":"9"},{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"May 25, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-284-70-mezzanine-f8d3f5b7ae-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-356-324","model":"entity","index":"16 1166/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-324/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-356-324/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-324-mezzanine-67701a6032-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-324-mezzanine-67701a6032-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter to Yuri Domoto from Nao Hoshino","description":"Letter to Yuriko Domoto Tsukada from Naoko Hoshino detailing the work environment of the social welfare office at Tule Lake and asking advice from Yuriko. Item tied together with all objects between ddr-densho-356-321 and ddr-densho-356-413.","extent":"envelope: 6.5W x 3.625H; letter: 6.125W x 8.25H","links_children":"ddr-densho-356-324","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Hoshino, Naoko"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Medical care and health issues","id":"70"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsukada, Yuriko (Domoto)"},{"namepart":"Hoshino, Naoko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Tule Lake, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"},{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"October 17, 1942 - October 19, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hoshino, Naoko author Tsukada, Yuriko (Domoto) \nHoshino, Naoko","download_large":"ddr-densho-356-324-mezzanine-67701a6032-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-37-348","model":"entity","index":"17 1167/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-37-348/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-37-348/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-348-mezzanine-563ccb911e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-348-mezzanine-563ccb911e-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese Americans unloading coal","description":"Original WRA caption: Tule Lake Relocation Center, Newell, California. Evacuee workers unload coal at Staley Junction, which is the rail head for this center. This coal is used by the residents during the extreamely [sic] cold winters which northern California offers.","extent":"10W x 10H","links_children":"ddr-densho-37-348","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Stewart, Francis"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"photograph","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"February 2, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Stewart, Francis photographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-37-348-mezzanine-563ccb911e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-37-385","model":"entity","index":"18 1168/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-37-385/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-37-385/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-385-mezzanine-eff6ab3b0c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-385-mezzanine-eff6ab3b0c-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese Americans unloading coal","description":"Original WRA caption: Tule Lake Relocation Center, Newell, California. Evacuee workers unload coal at Staley Junction, which is the rail head for this center. This coal is used by the residents during the extremely cold winters which northern California offers.","extent":"10W x 10H","links_children":"ddr-densho-37-385","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Albers, Clem"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"photograph","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"February 2, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Albers, Clem photographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-37-385-mezzanine-eff6ab3b0c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-125-244","model":"entity","index":"19 1169/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-125-244/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-125-244/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-125/ddr-densho-125-244-mezzanine-4c5a3e3026-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-125/ddr-densho-125-244-mezzanine-4c5a3e3026-a.jpg"},"title":"Manzanar Free Press Vol. 5 No. 47 (June 10, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Tule Center Quota Filled to Capacity\" (p. 1), \"Soldier Condemns Racial Prejudice\" (p. 1), \"Furlough Opens to 18 Year-old Youths\" (p. 1), \"Michigan Refuses to Pay Hospital Fee for Evacuees\" (p. 1), \"Trio Robs Property From Evacuee Home\" (p. 1), \"Hit Discrimination Against Loyal Nisei\" (p. 2), \"Reveal Suicide of Nisei Housekeeper\" (p. 2), \"Tule Lake Japanese Seek Repatriation\" (p. 2).","extent":"1383W x 1977H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-125-244","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Manzanar Free Press","id":"204"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Manzanar concentration camp, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"June 10, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-125-244-mezzanine-4c5a3e3026-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-142-214","model":"entity","index":"20 1170/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-142-214/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-142-214/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-142/ddr-densho-142-214-mezzanine-8144711a51-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-142/ddr-densho-142-214-mezzanine-8144711a51-a.jpg"},"title":"Topaz Times Vol. IV No. 34 (September 18, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Tuleans Arrive Today! Plans Upset as 441 Tule Lakers Come 1 Day Ahead\" (p. 1), \"Truck Runs Over Boy, 3\" (p. 1), \"Departees: 489 Residents Set to Leave\" (p. 1), \"New Residents are Welcomed\" (p. 3), \"Reception for Tule Lake Arrivals Slated Tuesday\" (p. 3), \"Teachers' Group Urges Relocation of Evacuees\" (p. 6), \"Pet Control Regulations Become Effective Monday\" (p. 10).","extent":"8.5W x 14H","links_children":"ddr-densho-142-214","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Topaz Times","id":"214"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Topaz concentration camp, Utah","facility":[{"term":"Topaz (Central Utah)","id":"1"}],"creation":"September 18, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-142-214-mezzanine-8144711a51-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-97-156","model":"entity","index":"21 1171/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-97-156/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-97-156/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-97/ddr-densho-97-156-mezzanine-8fd6e8645b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-97/ddr-densho-97-156-mezzanine-8fd6e8645b-a.jpg"},"title":"Heart Mountain Sentinel Vol. II No. 47 (November 20, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Tule Relaxes as Probe Continues\" (p. 1), \"Coast Grangers Would Bar Nisei\" (p. 1), \"Nisei Proving Their Loyalty, Thomas Tells Group at Hostel\" (p. 1), \"Editorial: Transfer Tule Lake Center!\" (p. 4), \"Committee on Resettlement of Nisei Formed in Wisconsin\" (p. 4), \"A Sermon in California: Persecution of Nisei Hit by Minister\" (p. 5), \"Pamphlet Series 'About America' Being Prepared\" (p. 5).","extent":"1408W x 2040H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-97-156","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Heart Mountain Sentinel","id":"175"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"November 20, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-97-156-mezzanine-8fd6e8645b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-218","model":"entity","index":"22 1172/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-218/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-218/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tfrank-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tfrank-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Shinichiro Tanabe Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born on August 10, 1919, in Osaka, Japan. Attended college at the University of Washington before being removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Established Tule Lake's newspaper, the Tulean Dispatch. Transferred to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, before resettling in Chicago. Drafted into the Military Intelligence Service, and served and worked in Tokyo as an interpreter.","extent":"02:33:19","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-218","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":310,"namepart":"Frank Shinichiro Tanabe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0069m8t","namepart":"Tanabe, Shinichiro Frank"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 19, 2008","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Shinichiro Tanabe narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Tanabe, Shinichiro Frank 88922nr0069m8t","download_large":"denshovh-tfrank-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-36","model":"entity","index":"23 1173/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-36/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-36/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kminoru-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kminoru-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Minoru Kiyota Interview","description":"Kibei male, born October 12, 1923, in Seattle, Washington. Raised primarily in San Francisco, California, spending four years in Hiratsuka, Japan. Was incarcerated with his family at Topaz concentration camp, Utah. Refused to sign the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" and as a consequence was moved to Tule Lake Segregation Center, California. In Tule, he renounced his U.S. citizenship in protest of the incarceration his treatment in camp, and the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" Shortly thereafter he regretted his actions and attempted to rescind his decision. (It would be ten years before he would regain his citizenship.) After being released from Tule Lake in March 1946 he accepted a scholarship to College of the Ozarks, Arkansas, transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, and then served overseas in the U.S. Air Force Intelligence during the Korean War until his renunciation was discovered. After being dismissed from the air force he stayed in Japan, earning a master's and doctorate degree from Tokyo University. Published an autobiographical work in Japan entitled \"Nikkei hangyakuji,\" which was translated into English as \"Beyond Loyalty: The Story of a Kibei.\"<p>(This interview was conducted at the 1998 Tule Lake Pilgrimage held at Klamath Falls, Oregon and at the site of Tule Lake incarceration camp in California. Given the limited time available during this event, the length and breadth of this interview are shorter than other Densho interviews.)","extent":"01:04:25","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-36","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":43,"namepart":"Minoru Kiyota"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tracy Lai"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Hamada"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0089q5w","namepart":"Kiyota, Minoru"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Klamath Falls, Oregon","creation":"July 3, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Minoru Kiyota narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nTracy Lai interviewer \nSteve Hamada videographer Kiyota, Minoru 88922nr0089q5w","download_large":"denshovh-kminoru-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"508","model":"narrator","index":"24 1174/{'value': 2240, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/508/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/508/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfred_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfred_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/508/interviews/"},"display_name":"Fred Tadashi Shingu","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 14, 1923, in Yuba City, California. Grew up in Elk Grove, California. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, moved with family to Florin, California, and was removed to the Marysville Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. While in Tule Lake, refused to sign the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" and was confined in Tule Lake's stockade. Participated in a hunger strike, and eventually renounced U.S. citizenship. After release from Tule Lake, regained U.S. citizenship and returned to California."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Tule Lake","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}