{"total":1098,"limit":25,"offset":1000,"prev_offset":975,"next_offset":1025,"page_size":25,"this_page":41,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Tule Lake, California&limit=25&offset=975","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Tule Lake, California&limit=25&offset=1025","objects":[{"id":"914","model":"narrator","index":"0 1000/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/914/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/914/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-467_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-467_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/914/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ben Takeshita","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 2, 1930, in San Mateo, California. During World War II, removed with family to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. Due to parents' answers on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" transferred to Tule Lake when it was designated a segregation center. After leaving camp, returned to San Mateo, and served with Military Intelligence in Japan and Korea during the Korean War. Became involved in numerous Japanese community organizations."},{"id":"438","model":"narrator","index":"1 1001/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/438/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/438/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mgeorge_3.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mgeorge_3.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/438/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Matsumoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 19, 1924, in San Francisco, California. At a young age, family moved to Ocean Park, California, where father ran a concession stand in an amusement park. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed with family to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. While in camp, had numerous jobs, including as part of the kitchen staff. In 1943, refused to answer the so-called \"loyalty questions\" and was transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After being released from camp, resettled in Chicago, Illinois, before returning to California."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-13-17","model":"entity","index":"2 1002/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-13-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-13-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-13/ddr-csujad-13-17-mezzanine-0696b5af6c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-13/ddr-csujad-13-17-mezzanine-0696b5af6c-a.jpg"},"title":"Distant View of a Group of People and Building","description":"This photograph depicts a group of people standing together with a building structure in the background at the Tule Lake incarceration camp. According to the caption on back of photograph, which reads, \"Disloyal Japs who were [cuffed] up when they first refused to answer inquires of [army] questioning. Leaving [them back] to stockade under guard,\" this group of people are handcuffed as a result of their refusal to comply with order or questions of the army. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/7033\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tul_01_01_012</a>","extent":"Black and white, 2.75 x 2.25 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-13-17","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Sylvester, Owen M."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Security","id":"535"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"circa 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Sylvester, Owen M. photographer","download_large":"ddr-csujad-13-17-mezzanine-0696b5af6c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-26-52","model":"entity","index":"3 1003/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-52/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-26-52/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-26/ddr-csujad-26-52-mezzanine-985242b74f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-26/ddr-csujad-26-52-mezzanine-985242b74f-a.jpg"},"title":"Tulean dispatch magazine section, vol. 1, no. 4","description":"Monthly publication at Tule Lake incarceration camp including stories, poems, commentary and creative writing. Current issue includes: \"Autumn\" a poem by Ken Yasuda; \"On a night Like this\" by Frances Okamoto; \"Sloop Nakano: fat guy\" by Riley O'Suga; \"Flower arrangement\" by Grace Hosokawa; \"Why co-op\" by Tsuyoshi Nakamura; \"Twilight emissary\" by Tommy Sakiyama; \"Hi school in the barracks\" by William Marutani; Looking back: a news summary\" by Eugene Okada; \"My blood\" by Howard Imazeki; \"Our fire fighters\" by Bryan Mayeda; and \"Corn on the cob\" by Toko Fujii. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mei_03_19_003</a>","extent":"34 pages, typescript; illustrations","links_children":"ddr-csujad-26-52","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"War Relocation Authority"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Tule Lake Relocation Center"},{"role":"editor","namepart":"Nakamura, George J."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications","id":"74"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Arts and literature","id":"172"},{"term":"Journalism and media","id":"387"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Department of Special Research Collections, UC Santa Barbara Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"periodical","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"Nov-42","status":"completed","search_hidden":"War Relocation Authority publisher \nTule Lake Relocation Center publisher \nNakamura, George J. editor","download_large":"ddr-csujad-26-52-mezzanine-985242b74f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-26-48","model":"entity","index":"4 1004/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-48/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-26-48/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-26/ddr-csujad-26-48-mezzanine-0749ddadd5-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-26/ddr-csujad-26-48-mezzanine-0749ddadd5-a.jpg"},"title":"Tulean dispatch magazine section, vol. 1, no. 7","description":"Monthly publication at Tule Lake incarceration camp including stories, poems, commentary and creative writing. Current issue includes: \"Snow blossom\" by Ken Yasuda; \"The barber's wife\" by Arthur Morimitsu; \"In the still of the night\" by Frank S. Tanabe; \"Haiku and painting\" by Ken Yasuda; \"Looking back\" by George J. Nakamura; \"An expose of the wolf\" by Iroh Otoko; \"Corn on the cob\" by Eugene Okada; \"On the dawning of peace\" by Frank Hijikata; \"Johnny's uncle\" by Hama Akashi; Includes illustrations by Mas Inada. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mei_03_17_001</a>","extent":"33 pages, typescript, illustrations","links_children":"ddr-csujad-26-48","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"War Relocation Authority"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Tule Lake Relocation Center"},{"role":"editor","namepart":"Nakamura, George J."},{"role":"editor","namepart":"Kurihara, Dick"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications","id":"74"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Arts and literature","id":"172"},{"term":"Journalism and media","id":"387"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Department of Special Research Collections, UC Santa Barbara Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"periodical","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"Feb-43","status":"completed","search_hidden":"War Relocation Authority publisher \nTule Lake Relocation Center publisher \nNakamura, George J. editor \nKurihara, Dick editor","download_large":"ddr-csujad-26-48-mezzanine-0749ddadd5-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-72","model":"entity","index":"5 1005/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-72/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-72/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nfumiko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nfumiko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Fumiko M. Noji Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born October 13, 1909, in Bellingham, Washington. Lost her United States citizenship when she married an Issei through an arranged marriage. Before 1920, her husband's family established Columbia Greenhouse, one of the first Japanese American-owned greenhouse businesses. Incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Husband was held by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle before being interned in the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Briefly resettled with husband in Emmett, Idaho and Spokane, Washington before becoming one of the first families to return to Seattle where they resumed operation of the family greenhouse business.","extent":"01:39:17","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-72","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":75,"namepart":"Fumiko M. Noji"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Dee Goto"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr010rg7m","namepart":"Noji, Fumi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bellevue, Washington","creation":"April 22, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fumiko M. Noji narrator \nDee Goto interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Noji, Fumi 88922nr010rg7m","download_large":"denshovh-nfumiko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-1635","model":"entity","index":"6 1006/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1635/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-1635/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1635-mezzanine-333fddaa86-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1635-mezzanine-333fddaa86-a.jpg"},"title":"Tulean dispatch magazine section, vol. 1, no. 7 (February 1943)","description":"Monthly publication at Tule Lake incarceration camp including stories, poems, commentary and creative writing. Current issue includes \"Snow Blossom\" by Ken Yasuda, \"Barber's Wife' by Arthur Morimitsu, \"In the Still of the Night\" by Frank Tanabe, \"Haiku and Painting\" by Ken Yasuda, \"Looking Back\" by George Nakamura, \"Expose of the Wolf\" by Iroh Otoko, \"Corn on the Cob\" by Eugene Okada, \"On the Dawning of Peace\" by Frank Hijikata, \"Johnny's Uncle\" by Hama Akashi and illustrations by Mas Inada. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/10472\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sac_jaac_1637</a>","extent":"34 pages; 8.5 x 7 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-1635","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Tulean Dispatch"},{"role":"editor","namepart":"Nakamura, George J."},{"role":"editor","namepart":"Kurihara, Dick"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Inada, Masao"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Matsuo, James"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Ozaki, Yukio"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Yasuda, Ken"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Morimitsu, Arthur"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Tanabe, Frank S."},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Nakamura, George"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Hijikata, Frank"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Otoko, Iroh"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Okada, Eugene"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Akashi, Hama"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications","id":"74"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Arts and literature","id":"172"},{"term":"Journalism and media","id":"387"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"1943-02","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States. War Relocation Authority publisher \nTulean Dispatch publisher \nNakamura, George J. editor \nKurihara, Dick editor \nInada, Masao contributor \nMatsuo, James contributor \nOzaki, Yukio contributor \nYasuda, Ken contributor \nMorimitsu, Arthur contributor \nTanabe, Frank S. contributor \nNakamura, George contributor \nHijikata, Frank contributor \nOtoko, Iroh contributor \nOkada, Eugene contributor \nAkashi, Hama contributor","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-1635-mezzanine-333fddaa86-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-1946","model":"entity","index":"7 1007/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1946/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-1946/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1946-mezzanine-da468f6afb-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1946-mezzanine-da468f6afb-a.jpg"},"title":"Tulean dispatch magazine section, no. 11 (July 1943)","description":"Monthly publication at Tule Lake incarceration camp including stories, poems, commentary and creative writing. Current issue includes an essay, \"Does it Pay to Stay Here\" by Rev. Shigeo Tanabe, a poem, \"Relocation\" by Minoru Kimura, \"Nisei Personality Adjustment\" by James Sakoda, \"Gloom\" by Buster Sawai, \"Outside\" by Shuji Kimura, Nisei personality profile on Rev. Shigeo Tanabe, \"There Are Such People\" by Dan O'Hara [Ohara], and a cartoon illustration of a block manager's office. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/11603\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sac_jaac_1949</a>","extent":"36 pages; 8.5 x 7 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-1946","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Tulean Dispatch"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Tanabe, Shigeo"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Kimura, Minoru"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Sakoda, James"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Sawai, Buster"},{"role":"contributor","namepart":"Ohara, Dan"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications","id":"74"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Arts and literature","id":"172"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"1943-07","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States. War Relocation Authority publisher \nTulean Dispatch publisher \nTanabe, Shigeo contributor \nKimura, Minoru contributor \nSakoda, James contributor \nSawai, Buster contributor \nOhara, Dan contributor","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-1946-mezzanine-da468f6afb-a.jpg"},{"id":"958","model":"narrator","index":"8 1008/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/958/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/958/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-chi-1-4_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-chi-1-4_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/958/interviews/"},"display_name":"Susumu Mukushina","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 8, 1942, in Los Angeles, California. During World War II, mother and father received special dispensation to delay going to the Santa Anita Assembly Center to give birth. After Susumu was born, the family was sent to Santa Anita and then the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, and later transferred to Tule Lake, California. After leaving camp, went to live at Seabrook Farms, New Jersey, where father was a Buddhist priest. Eventually moved to Chicago, Illinois."},{"id":"984","model":"narrator","index":"9 1009/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/984/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/984/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-494-1_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-494-1_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/984/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frances Kajita Nishi","bio":"Nisei-Sansei female. Born in February 24, 1934, in Mosier, Oregon. Grew up in Mosier, where parents worked on an orchard and did truck farming. During World War II, removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Following the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" in 1943, family transferred to the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. After leaving camp, moved to Walla Walla, Washington, and finished school. Remained in Walla Walla, eventually marrying and raising a family there."},{"id":"119","model":"narrator","index":"10 1010/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/119/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/119/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ocharles.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ocharles.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/119/interviews/"},"display_name":"Charles Olds","bio":"White male. Born 1913 in Karuizawa, Japan, to missionary parents. Attended Canadian school in Kobe, Japan, before coming to the United States with his older brother. He attended the University of Chicago School of Social Work, then volunteered to work for the War Relocation Authority (WRA). He later worked as a relocation officer in the concentration camps in Poston, Arizona, and Tule Lake, California. Mr. Olds was inducted into the army in 1945."},{"id":"179","model":"narrator","index":"11 1011/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/179/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/179/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/wwesley.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/wwesley.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/179/interviews/"},"display_name":"Wesley K. Watanabe","bio":"Ni-ten-gosei (Nisei/Sansei) male. Born May 20, 1935, in Tacoma, Washington. Spent early childhood in Kent, Washington, and was removed with family to the Pinedale Assembly Center at age seven. Family was incarcerated at Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and then moved to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Resettled and attended grade school and high school in Chicago, Illinois. Completed dental school at the University of Chicago, eventually opening private dental practice in Chicago."},{"id":"391","model":"narrator","index":"12 1012/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/391/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/391/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hedward.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hedward.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/391/interviews/"},"display_name":"Edward K. Honda","bio":"Sansei male. Born July 7, 1945, in the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Parents were from Hawaii, but father was picked up by the FBI following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and mother went to rejoin him on the mainland. After leaving camp, lived briefly in New York City before returning to Hawaii, where parents separated. Birth father, Hiroshi Honda, was an artist, and Edward discovered originals of his paintings many years later."},{"id":"174","model":"narrator","index":"13 1013/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/174/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/174/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/helaine.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/helaine.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/174/interviews/"},"display_name":"Elaine Ishikawa Hayes","bio":"Nisei female. Born June 30, 1923, in Willows, California. Grew up in Sacramento, California, prior to World War II. During the war, was removed to the Sacramento Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Left camp to attend college in Wisconsin, and later moved to Chicago, Illinois. Post-World War II, was active in many civic organizations such as the American Council on Race Relations. Later moved to Seattle, Washington, and worked for CAMP, the Central Area Motivation Program, the Model Cities program, and Public Health."},{"id":"576","model":"narrator","index":"14 1014/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/576/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/576/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/utetsushi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/utetsushi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/576/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tetsushi Marvin Uratsu","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 7, 1925, in Sacramento, California. At a very young age, sent to Japan for several years. Returned at age six and lived with family in Loomis, California. During World War II, removed to the Arboga Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Transferred briefly to the Amache concentration camp, Colorado, before leaving camp with the help of a Quaker group to work as a houseboy in Des Moines, Iowa, while attending high school. Volunteered for the Military Intelligence Service, and served in Japan during the U.S. occupation."},{"id":"652","model":"narrator","index":"15 1015/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/652/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/652/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hgrace_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hgrace_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/652/interviews/"},"display_name":"Grace Hata","bio":"Nisei female. Born December 5, 1930, in Gardena, California. Grew up in Gardena where parents ran a restaurant. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested and taken away by the FBI. During mass removal, family was sent to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, and reunited with father. Following the Leave Clearance questionnaire in 1943, family transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and then repatriated to Japan. Grace lived and worked in Japan for a year and a half before returning to California, finishing school, and becoming a nurse."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-377","model":"entity","index":"16 1016/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-377/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-377/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kyukio-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kyukio-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Yukio Kawaratani Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born May 30, 1031, in San Juan Capistrano, California. Grew up in various places in California. During World War II, was removed with family to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. While in Poston, family signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and was transferred to Tule Lake. Father and two older brothers renounced their U.S. citizenship and were eventually expatriated to Japan. The rest of the family returned to California after leaving camp. Mr. Kawaratani established a successful career as an urban planner with the Los Angeles Community Redevelopment Agency.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"03:45:08","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-377","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":619,"namepart":"Yukio Kawaratani"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr013ss02","namepart":"Kawaratani, Yukio"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"October 26, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yukio Kawaratani narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Kawaratani, Yukio 88922nr013ss02","download_large":"denshovh-kyukio-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-106","model":"entity","index":"17 1017/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-106/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-106/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-106-mezzanine-e9262ab5c5-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-106-mezzanine-e9262ab5c5-a.jpg"},"title":"George Nobuo Naohara's handwritten note: good friend, Jiro Sanada","description":"George Nobuo Naohara's handwritten note describing Jiro Sanada. English translation: During his incarcerated at the Tule Lake in California, Jiro Sanada was spending time writing senryu. With Atsushi Art Ishida's help, Jiro was able to leave the camp for Chicago. He was married in Chicago and opened a grocery store with his wife somewhere. His business was successful and came back to Gardena when he retired. He is now 92 years old and such a lucky man living a long life. The backside note reads: Good friend, Jiro Sanada. Title from note. Item from \"George Naohara photo album\" (csudh_nao_0001), page 23. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/15651\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nao_01_23_003</a>","extent":"11 x 1 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-106","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Naohara, George, 1919-2014"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"1944-1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Naohara, George, 1919-2014 author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-106-mezzanine-e9262ab5c5-a.jpg"},{"id":"150","model":"narrator","index":"18 1018/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/150/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/150/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sbetty.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sbetty.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/150/interviews/"},"display_name":"Betty Morita Shibayama","bio":"Nisei female. Born May 30, 1933, in Hood River, Oregon. Raised in the Hood River valley on family farm. After December 7, 1941, removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and then to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. In 1943, moved with family to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, before leaving camp for Chicago, Illinois, after the war. Married Art Shibayama, a Japanese Peruvian, and raised a family in Chicago, Illinois and San Jose, California. Involved in lobbying congresspeople in Washington, D.C., on behalf of Japanese Latin Americans and their fight for redress."},{"id":"619","model":"narrator","index":"19 1019/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/619/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/619/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kyukio.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kyukio.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/619/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yukio Kawaratani","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 30, 1031, in San Juan Capistrano, California. Grew up in various places in California. During World War II, was removed with family to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. While in Poston, family signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and was transferred to Tule Lake. Father and two older brothers renounced their U.S. citizenship and were eventually expatriated to Japan. The rest of the family returned to California after leaving camp. Mr. Kawaratani established a successful career as an urban planner with the Los Angeles Community Redevelopment Agency."},{"id":"89","model":"narrator","index":"20 1020/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/89/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/89/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/trae.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/trae.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/89/interviews/"},"display_name":"Rae Takekawa","bio":"Sansei female. Born August 27, 1927, in Bellevue, Washington. Raised on the family farm in Bellevue, Washington, prior to World War II. Was incarcerated at the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Was released early to harvest sugar beets in Chinook, Montana. At the onset of World War II, her father was picked up by the FBI, detained by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle, and then incarcerated at the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana."},{"id":"392","model":"narrator","index":"21 1021/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/392/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/392/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/njames_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/njames_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/392/interviews/"},"display_name":"James A. Nakano","bio":"Nisei male. Born November 12, 1933, in Honolulu, Hawaii. Grew up in Honolulu, and was nine years old when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Father was arrested by the FBI, and family went to the concentration camp at Jerome, Arkansas, to reunite with him. Transferred to Tule Lake, California, following the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" After the war, returned to Honolulu before moving to the mainland and attending law school. Eventually returned permanently to Hawaii to raise children."},{"id":"403","model":"narrator","index":"22 1022/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/403/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/403/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ymary.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ymary.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/403/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mary T. Yoshida","bio":"Nisei female. Born June 6, 1923, in Central Point, Oregon. While in elementary school, sent to live with a foster family in Medford, Oregon. Was attending college when World War II broke out, and was removed to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Left camp to work in St. Paul, Minnesota, as a housegirl. Finished college at Texas Weslyan College before returning to Minnesota. Following World War II, became involved with organizing youth programs with the YWCA."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1024-12","model":"entity","index":"23 1023/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1024-12/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1024-12/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-12-mezzanine-129a19ab4e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-12-mezzanine-129a19ab4e-a.jpg"},"title":"Bitter Memories: Tule Lake","description":"Early film that provides an overview of the wartime forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans on the West Coast produced by the University of California, Berkeley in 1975. Bitter Memory tells the story through narration and interviews with former inmates accompanied by archival footage from Office of War Information/War Relocation Authority (WRA) films  and WRA still photos. All footage—even contemporary interview footage and footage shot at Tule Lake  —is in black and white. Identified inmate narrators include poet and playwright Hiroshi Kashiwagi  , Mary Otani, Michi Mukai, and Kumito Ishida. The bulk of the film deals with living conditions in the concentration camps—the lack of privacy, the breaking up of the family unit, employment, food and so forth—along with the loyalty questionnaire  and segregation.\r\n\r\nSee this item in the <a href=\"https://resourceguide.densho.org/\" target=\"blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Densho Resource Guide</a> at: <a href=\"https://resourceguide.densho.org/...%20I%20Told%20You%20So%20(film)/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Bitter Memories: Tule Lake</a>.\r\n\r\nSee this item in the <a href=\"https://archive.org/details/digital-library-of-japanese-american-incarceration-films\" target=\"blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Digital Library of the Japanese American Incarceration Films</a> at: <a href=\"https://archive.org/details/cabemrc_000010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://archive.org/details/cabemrc_000010</a>.","extent":"00:28:23","links_children":"ddr-densho-1024-12","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"motion_picture","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"1975","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-1024-12-mezzanine-129a19ab4e-a.jpg"},{"id":"76","model":"narrator","index":"24 1024/{'value': 1098, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/76/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/76/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nchizuko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nchizuko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/76/interviews/"},"display_name":"Chizuko Norton","bio":"Nisei female. Born July 3, 1924, in Seattle, Washington. Spent prewar childhood in Japan; Bellevue, Washington; and Kirkland, Washington. Incarcerated at Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Returned to Seattle after the war, obtained master's degree from the University of Washington in the field of social work. Founded Seattle's first alternative school program for the Seattle Public Schools and cofounded the Separation and Loss Institute. One of the first Nisei in a biracial marriage. Discusses impact of incarceration on Japanese American health and cultural identity."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Tule Lake, California","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}