(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"04:22:36","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-261","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":415,"namepart":"Frank Sumida"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Barbara Takei"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0116q01","namepart":"Sumida, Frank Teruo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"September 23, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Sumida narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nBarbara Takei interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Sumida, Frank Teruo 88922nr0116q01","download_large":"denshovh-sfrank-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-15-41","model":"entity","index":"1 926/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-15-41/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-15-41/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-41-mezzanine-488cfd1e6c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-41-mezzanine-488cfd1e6c-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 17 No. 16 (October 23, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Japanese Americans Should Have Fair Trial, Pearl Buck Tells California Senate Group. Noted Author Declares Exclusion Laws Against Asiatics Primary Cause of Present War; Danger of Real Race War Told Committee\" (p. 1), \"West Coast Fair Play Group Surveys Washington Opinion On Japanese Americans. Mrs. Ruth Kingman Declares Pacific Coast Committee Interested in Presenting Fair Picture of Problem to Prevent Unjust Prejudice\" (p. 1), \"Citizens' Group Leads Fight For Evacuee Schooling Right. 7-Year Old Boy Denied Entrance to Kansas City Grammar School\" (p. 2), \"Jerome Auto Crash Hurts 20 Evacuees. Semi-Trailer Carrying Volunteer Woodcutters Overturns on Road\" (p. 2), \"Loyalty Question Splits Couple at Tule Lake Center\" (p. 2).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-15-41","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"October 23, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-15-41-mezzanine-488cfd1e6c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-2-89","model":"entity","index":"2 927/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-89/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-2-89/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-2/ddr-csujad-2-89-mezzanine-726e94015c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-2/ddr-csujad-2-89-mezzanine-726e94015c-a.jpg"},"title":"Memo from multiple incarcerees to the Co-ordinating Committee, February 1944","description":"States that the incarcerees wish to see \"normalcy re-established\" and peace and cooperation preserved between the Administration and the \"Colony\" in the Tule Lake incarceration camp, pledging support for the Co-ordinating Committee's efforts to attain peace at the camp. A handwritten annotation next to one of the people's names provides his or her release date. Names Signed: Akiyama; Mohri; Yamanaka; Kimura, Mitsuo; Ikeda; Yamamoto, Koichi; Shimizu; Fujimoto, William; Inouye; Asato; Tsuchiya; Naito, Sam; Yoshida; Saito; Kozuma; Komiya, S.; Kobayashi, Yukio; Tateishi, H. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0089","extent":"1 page, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-2-89","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Schmidt, Willard E."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Conflicts, intimidation, and violence","id":"162"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Conflicts, intimidation, and violence -- Tule Lake strike","id":"533"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"San Jose State University Department of Special Collections and Archives","rights":"pcc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"2/7/1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Schmidt, Willard E. author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-2-89-mezzanine-726e94015c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-26-4","model":"entity","index":"3 928/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-26-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-26/ddr-csujad-26-4-mezzanine-91f0204dba-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-26/ddr-csujad-26-4-mezzanine-91f0204dba-a.jpg"},"title":"Evacuation and resettlement study, structural report, section II: the first six months at Tule Lake: social changes and a chronology of events","description":"Report chronicling the first six months Tule Lake camp including the establishment of community activities, employment, schools, and barracks infrastructure. Describes challenges of adjusting to life in camp often using direct quotations from incarcerees to express struggles amid social and cultural groups as well as conflicts and strikes. Several events are also described including a description of the fourth of July holiday, a structure fire, thefts and rumors. Report compiled as a portion of the Japanese American Evacuation and Resettlement Study (JERS). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_01_35-37","extent":"56 pages, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-26-4","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Shibutani, Tamotsu"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Food","id":"68"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Conflicts, intimidation, and violence","id":"162"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Firefighting","id":"357"},{"term":"Community activities -- Festivals, celebrations, and holidays","id":"25"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Construction","id":"534"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Department of Special Research Collections, UC Santa Barbara Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"manuscript","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"12/9/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Shibutani, Tamotsu author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-26-4-mezzanine-91f0204dba-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-26-51","model":"entity","index":"4 929/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-51/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-26-51/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-26/ddr-csujad-26-51-mezzanine-aa99f41c86-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-26/ddr-csujad-26-51-mezzanine-aa99f41c86-a.jpg"},"title":"Tulean dispatch magazine section, vol. 1, no. 11","description":"Monthly publication at Tule Lake incarceration camp including stories, poems, commentary and creative writing. Current issue includes: \"Does it pay to stay here?\" by Reverend Shigeo Tanabe; \"Relocation\" by Minoru Kimura; \"Nisei personality adjustment: Nisei need to find their perspectives through self-analysis. A valuable article for all evacuees especially resettlers\" by James Sakoda; \"Gloom\" by Buster Sawai; \"Outside\" by Shuji Kimura; \"Nisei personality sketch no. 2\" by Reverend Shigeo Tanabe; \"There are such people\" by O'Hara. Illustration of \"Block Manager's office\" by [Jobo]. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_03_19_002","extent":"32 pages, typescript, illustrations","links_children":"ddr-csujad-26-51","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"War Relocation Authority"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Tule Lake Relocation Center"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications","id":"74"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Arts and literature","id":"172"},{"term":"Journalism and media","id":"387"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Department of Special Research Collections, UC Santa Barbara Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"periodical","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"Jul-43","status":"completed","search_hidden":"War Relocation Authority publisher \nTule Lake Relocation Center publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-26-51-mezzanine-aa99f41c86-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-2-90","model":"entity","index":"5 930/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-90/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-2-90/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-2/ddr-csujad-2-90-mezzanine-8101e4809b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-2/ddr-csujad-2-90-mezzanine-8101e4809b-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Willard E. Schmidt, National Chief of Internal Security, to R. B. Cozzens, Field Assistant Director, War Relocation Authority, November 22, 1943","description":"Contains recommendations for future planning and functions of the Internal Security Section of the Tule Lake incarceration camp, including for a segregation area for \"bachelor Kibei and recalcitrants\" and detailing needs for personnel, equipment, and security procedures; letter calls for the camp to be considered \"maximum type\" given that it has become more of an isolation center than a relocation center, and discusses its internal security ratio in comparison with that of the Wartime Civil Control Administration at Santa Anita and of the city of Los Angeles. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0090","extent":"5 pages, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-2-90","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Schmidt, Willard E."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- Wartime Civil Control Administration (WCCA)","id":"402"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"San Jose State University Department of Special Collections and Archives","rights":"pcc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"11/22/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Schmidt, Willard E. author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-2-90-mezzanine-8101e4809b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-121-17","model":"entity","index":"6 931/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-121-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-121-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-121/ddr-densho-121-17-mezzanine-1182c2f289-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-121/ddr-densho-121-17-mezzanine-1182c2f289-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen Vol. 22 No. 12","description":"Selected article titles: \"Charge Wounded Nisei Treated Like POWs\" (p. 1), \"JACL Protests Treatment of Nisei Wounded on Ship\" (p. 1), \"Tule Lake, Last of Centers, Closed by Relocation Agency\" (p. 1), \"Clark Reveals Santa Fe Camp Will Be Closed\" (p. 1), \"California Personnel Board Expected to Drop Charges Against Japanese Americans\" (p. 2), \"Report 7100 Persons Repatriated to Japan\" (p. 2), \"Evanston Group Asks Extension of Naturalization to Issei\" (p. 2), \"Koyama Warns Nisei Veterans of VFW's Attempt to Organize Segregated Post in Spokane\" (p. 3), \"Final Segregee Group Moved From Newell\" (p. 3), \"Washington News-Letter: Hank Gosho Fought With Famous Merrill's Mauauders\" (p. 5), \"New York Conference Will Be Held on Immigration Laws\" (p. 5).","extent":"1410W x 2044H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-121-17","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","creation":"23-Mar-46","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-121-17-mezzanine-1182c2f289-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-156-414","model":"entity","index":"7 932/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-156-414/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-156-414/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-156/ddr-densho-156-414-mezzanine-48c5d462d7-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-156/ddr-densho-156-414-mezzanine-48c5d462d7-a.jpg"},"title":"Information Digest No. 56","description":"Section titles: \"Dies Committee Summons Ray Best\"; \"Appeal Board Planned for Tule Lake Segregants\"; \"Rohwer Schools Buy Three Jeeps\"; \"Seven Nisei Girls Inducted in WAC\"; \"California State Board of Agriculture Resolution\"; \"Clearance Review Committee Enlarged\"; \"Denver Administrative Management Meeting\"; \"Community Councils Taking Active Part in Relocation Program\"; \"Relocation 'Team' Available to All Centers\"; \"Community Councils Taking Active Part in Relocation Program\"; \"Relocation 'Team' Available to All Centers\"; \"Japanese Christian Leaders Hold National Conference\"; \"Property Officers to Meet in San Francisco\"; \"Relocation Office Closes\"; \"Vocational Training Committee Reorganized\"; \"Gila Buddhist Group Promotes Better Understanding\"; \"Central Utah Develops Novel Method for Teaching Basic English\"; \"WRA to Get Newer Motor Equipment\"; \"Personnel Changes\"; \"November at the Projects.\"","extent":"2376W x 3144H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-156-414","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"January 1, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-156-414-mezzanine-48c5d462d7-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-784","model":"entity","index":"8 933/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-784/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-784/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-784-mezzanine-e2306b336f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-784-mezzanine-e2306b336f-a.jpg"},"title":"Charter of Tule Lake Relocation Project","description":"Charter document for the Tule Lake incarceration camp. Includes preamble and the following Articles: 1. Governing body; 2. Qualified electors; 3. Community Council and councilmen; 4. Officers of Community Council; 5. Community Council meetings; 6. Tax and license, gifts, and limitation to use; 7. Impeachment of officers; 8. Initiative, referendum, and recall; 9. Judicial Commission; 10. Block Advisory Committee; 11. Laws; 12. Invalidity; 13. Amendments; and 14. Ratification. Includes the following By-Laws: 1. Election of councilmen and 2. Recall of councilmen. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0786","extent":"10 pages; 14 x 8.5 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-784","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"10/13/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States. War Relocation Authority author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-784-mezzanine-e2306b336f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-7-24","model":"entity","index":"9 934/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-7-24/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-7-24/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-kgeorge_3-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-kgeorge_3-01-a.jpg"},"title":"George Katagiri Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born September 22, 1926, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in Portland where parents ran a small grocery store. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, was drafted into the Military Intelligence Service and served in Japan during the U.S. occupation. Eventually returned to Portland and became a teacher and school administrator.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"03:01:25","links_children":"ddr-one-7-24","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":692,"namepart":"George Katagiri"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Stephan Gilchrist"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tim Rooney"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr014h141","namepart":"Katagiri, George"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"September 23, 2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"George Katagiri narrator \nStephan Gilchrist interviewer \nTim Rooney videographer Katagiri, George 88922nr014h141","download_large":"denshovh-kgeorge_3-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-30","model":"entity","index":"10 935/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-30/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-30/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-khitoshi-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-khitoshi-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Hitoshi H. Kajihara Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born March 12, 1928. Incarcerated at Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Served as fundraising chair for the Japanese American Citizens League's Legislative Education Committee from 1984 to 1985 and raised over half a million dollars for the redress effort. Became president of the National JACL in 1986.
(This interview was conducted at the Voices of Japanese American Redress Conference, held on the UCLA campus and sponsored by the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Because of the full conference schedule, our interviews were limited to one hour. The interviews therefore focused primarily on a single topic, namely, the narrator's role in the redress movement.)","extent":"00:36:31","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-30","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":34,"namepart":"Kajihara, Hitoshi H."},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zq65","namepart":"Kajihara, Hitoshi Harry"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"University of CA, Los Angeles","creation":"September 11, 1997","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kajihara, Hitoshi H. narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Kajihara, Hitoshi Harry 88922nr015zq65","download_large":"denshovh-khitoshi-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-493","model":"entity","index":"11 936/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-493/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-493/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-493-1-mezzanine-0e2f2cd138-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-493-1-mezzanine-0e2f2cd138-a.jpg"},"title":"Hannah Hirabayashi Interview","description":"Nisei-Sansei female. Born 1938 in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in the town of Christopher, now part of Auburn, Washington, where parents ran a grocery store. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested by the FBI and sent to the Fort Missoula internment camp, Montana. The rest of the family went to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, then volunteered to help set up the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, then transferred to the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. After leaving camp, lived for a short time in Spokane, Washington, before moving to Seattle. Grew up in Seattle, attending Catholic school and eventually becoming a teacher in the Catholic school system.","extent":"1:11:47","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-493","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":982,"namepart":"Hannah Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Barbara Yasui"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0052k4g","namepart":"Hirabayashi, Hannah Hanami"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"March 10, 2022","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hannah Hirabayashi narrator \nBarbara Yasui interviewer \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Hirabayashi, Hannah Hanami 88922nr0052k4g","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-493-1-mezzanine-0e2f2cd138-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-145","model":"entity","index":"12 937/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-145/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-145/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mfrank-04-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mfrank-04-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Miyamoto Interview IV","description":"Nisei male. Born July 29, 1912, in Seattle, Washington. Wrote 'Social Solidarity Among the Japanese in Seattle' as a Master's thesis, published in 1939 as one of the first academic works on the Japanese immigrant community. Incarcerated in Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Member of the Evacuation and Resettlement Study which studied the incarceration and resettlement of Japanese Americans during World War II. Resettled in Seattle. Was a longtime member of the faculty in Sociology at the University of Washington, served as Chairman of his department, and was Acting Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences.
(This interview focuses on the narrator's experiences working in the Alaska salmon cannery system in the 1930s.)","extent":"04:47:29","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-145","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":58,"namepart":"Frank Miyamoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tatsuya Fukunaga"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr010jw30","namepart":"Miyamoto, Shotaro Frank"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"July 7 & 8, 2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Miyamoto narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nTatsuya Fukunaga interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Miyamoto, Shotaro Frank 88922nr010jw30","download_large":"denshovh-mfrank-04-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-17-1","model":"entity","index":"13 938/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-17-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-17-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-17/ddr-csujad-17-1-mezzanine-49c4df90b1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-17/ddr-csujad-17-1-mezzanine-49c4df90b1-a.jpg"},"title":"Desert Sentinel, Vol. I. No. 15, June 21, 1943","description":"School newspaper published at the Gila River incarceration camp. According to an announcement on the back page, publication seeks to make known the War Relocation Authority's \"plans and policies,\" the results of Community Council deliberations, and various regulations and news about life at the Gila River Incarceration Camp. Issue features articles about and by the Camp's Project Director, E. R. Smith; articles on topics such as signs demarcating camp boundaries share pages with those concerning various aspects of life, including school activities; graphics and cartoons; editorials; news from around the region, including from Poston I, Arizona, Tule Lake, California, and Hunt, Idaho; and illustrations. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: JARC_04-01_01","extent":"6 pages, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-17-1","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Rivers High School, journalism class"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Smith, E. R."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications","id":"74"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Social and recreational activities","id":"195"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Northridge. University Library. Special Collections & Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Rivers, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Gila River","id":"3"}],"creation":"6/21/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Rivers High School, journalism class publisher \nSmith, E. R. author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-17-1-mezzanine-49c4df90b1-a.jpg"},{"id":"50","model":"narrator","index":"14 939/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/50/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/50/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mwilliam.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mwilliam.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/50/interviews/"},"display_name":"William Marutani","bio":"Nisei male. Born March 31, 1923, in Kent, Washington. During World War II, was incarcerated at the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp to attend college in South Dakota, was drafted into the U.S. Army and served with the Military Intelligence Service during the postwar occupation of Japan. After military service, became an attorney and then a judge. Served as the legal counsel for the Japanese American Citizens League from 1962 to 1970. Was the only Japanese American appointed to serve on the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) during the redress movement."},{"id":"387","model":"narrator","index":"15 940/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/387/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/387/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/otoshikazu.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/otoshikazu.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/387/interviews/"},"display_name":"Toshikazu \"Tosh\" Okamoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 8, 1926, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Renton, Washington, where father operated a farm. During World War II, was removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Briefly transferred to the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Drafted into the army and served in Italy as a replacement troop for the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Following the war, became a mechanic in the motorpool for the Seattle Fire Department. Instrumental in establishing community service organizations such as Issei Concerns and Keiro nursing home in Seattle."},{"id":"664","model":"narrator","index":"16 941/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/664/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/664/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/swarren.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/swarren.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/664/interviews/"},"display_name":"Warren Koichi Suzuki","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 27, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. At age ten, was sent to Japan to live and attend school. Returned to Seattle prior to World War II. During the war, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Answered \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, returned to Seattle and lived with then wife and child in a hostel located in Seattle's Japanese language school. Established a postwar career with the City of Seattle."},{"id":"1071","model":"narrator","index":"17 942/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1071/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1071/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-20_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-20_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1071/interviews/"},"display_name":"Teresa Maebori","bio":"Sansei female. Born February 13, 1945, in Caldwell, Idaho. During World War II, parents were incarcerated at the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, moved to Auburn, Washington, where father's family had a pottery business and mother was a dressmaker. Teresa grew up in Auburn and graduated from the University of Washington. Served in the Peace Corps before moving to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and working as a teacher at the Germantown Friends School. Involved with numerous community groups such as the Japanese American Citizens League and Shofuso Japanese and Garden."},{"id":"170","model":"narrator","index":"18 943/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/170/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/170/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/oarthur.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/oarthur.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/170/interviews/"},"display_name":"Arthur Ogami","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 10, 1922, in Whittier, California. Spent childhood in California, before being removed to Manzanar concentration camp in 1942. Left Manzanar several times to work as a beet topper for local farmers. Decided to expatriate to Japan because of mother's wishes, and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp. In 1945, was moved with brother to Bismarck, North Dakota, a Department of Justice camp, before renouncing U.S. citizenship and traveling with family to Japan. Lived and worked in Japan until the 1950s, when he was able have his U.S. citizenship reinstated and return to the U.S. Raised family in Los Angeles, California."},{"id":"415","model":"narrator","index":"19 944/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/415/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/415/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfrank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfrank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/415/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Sumida","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 10, 1925, in Chicago, Illinois. Grew up primarily in Los Angeles, California, where parents ran a restaurant. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, where he participating in running an organized gambling operation. Moved briefly to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, before being sent to Tule Lake, California, after signing the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" Transferred to the Santa Fe Department of Justice internment camp, New Mexico. Upon wishes of parents, renounced U.S. citizenship and expatriated to Japan. Worked for the military government during the U.S. occupation of Japan. Eventually regained U.S. citizenship and returned to the United States."},{"id":"522","model":"narrator","index":"20 945/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/522/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/522/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/htaneyuki.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/htaneyuki.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/522/interviews/"},"display_name":"Taneyuki Dan Harada","bio":"Kibei male. Born June 17, 1923, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Los Angeles before moving to Japan and attending school. Returned to the U.S. in 1938, and was attending high school when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. While in camp, attended art school and developed skills as an artist. Answered \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and was taken to Leupp Citizen Isolation Center, Arizona. Transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, where he was placed in the stockade. Renounced U.S. citizenship, but regained it after the war. Returned to California after leaving camp."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-189","model":"entity","index":"21 946/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-189/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-189/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ibetty-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ibetty-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Betty Fumiye Ito Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born March 29, 1918, in Seattle, Washington, and spent childhood in Medina and Bellevue, Washington. While in high school was a member of the Bellevue Strawberry Festival's Queen's Court. In 1939 married Kenji Ito, a prominent Japanese American lawyer who practiced in Seattle. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, recounts her experiences as her husband was picked up by the FBI on the evening of December 7, 1941. Describes the trial and acquittal of her husband after he was accused of working as a non-registered agent for Japan. After the trial, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, resettled in the Los Angeles area.","extent":"02:28:50","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-189","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":214,"namepart":"Betty Fumiye Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr014f642","namepart":"Ito, Fumiye"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"April 5, 2006","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Betty Fumiye Ito narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Ito, Fumiye 88922nr014f642","download_large":"denshovh-ibetty-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"907","model":"narrator","index":"22 947/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/907/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/907/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-459_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-459_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/907/interviews/"},"display_name":"Barbara Reiko Mikami Keimi","bio":"Sansei female. Born December 4, 1935, in Sawtelle, California. Grew up in Huntington Beach, California, where father worked as a chauffeur. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was picked up by the FBI and taken to the Tuna Canyon Detention Station. He rejoined the family at the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the family was then sent to the Amache concentration camp, Colorado. Parents decided to go to Japan and were sent to Tule Lake, but eventually decided to remain in the United States. After leaving camp, returned to Los Angeles. Barbara was active in camp pilgrimages and reunions after the war, as well as volunteering for the Japanese American National Museum."},{"id":"58","model":"narrator","index":"23 948/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/58/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/58/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mfrank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mfrank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/58/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Miyamoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 29, 1912, in Seattle, Washington. Wrote 'Social Solidarity Among the Japanese in Seattle' as a Master's thesis, published in 1939 as one of the first academic works on the Japanese immigrant community. Incarcerated in Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Member of the Evacuation and Resettlement Study which studied the incarceration and resettlement of Japanese Americans during World War II. Resettled in Seattle. Was a longtime member of the faculty in Sociology at the University of Washington, served as Chairman of his department, and was Acting Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences."},{"id":"140","model":"narrator","index":"24 949/{'value': 988, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/140/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/140/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hjim.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hjim.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/140/interviews/"},"display_name":"Jim Hirabayashi","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 30, 1926, in small town of Thomas, Washington, on family farm. Attended school in Auburn, Washington, before being removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Left camp to work in Idaho, and was subsequently joined by family. Postwar, became a social anthropologist, and later became only the second Nisei to teach at San Francisco State University. Instrumental in the struggle to establish the field of Ethnic Studies. Brother of Gordon Hirabayashi, who defied the curfew and removal orders in 1942, and was arrested, convicted, and imprisoned. Gordon Hirabayashi's conviction was vacated in 1986."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Tule Lake, California","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}