(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:15:22","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-2","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","creation":"October 25, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-06-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-28-49","model":"entity","index":"7 882/{'value': 1047, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-28-49/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-28-49/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-49-mezzanine-1b6eba3bd1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-49-mezzanine-1b6eba3bd1-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 43, No. 23 (December 7, 1956)","description":"Selected article titles: \"FBI chief tells personal stand on evacuation\" (p. 1), \"Saturday evening post editorial fears strong Nisei tie with Japan\" (p. 1), \"Delegate-elect Burns names Nisei to be administrative ass't in D.C.\" (p. 1), \"Evacuation claims award procedure explained by gov't\" (p. 1), \"100th Infantry veterans urge immediate statehood for Hawaii\" (p. 2), \"Telling 'Nisei story' before civic, church groups best public relations act\" (p. 3), \"Memorial for American who helped mold future of Hokkaido planned\" (p. 3), \"Nagamatsu of Sanger elected CCDC chairman, mass installation held\" (p. 5), \"Narcotics enforcement officer recalls only one case of Japanese addict in state\" (p. 5), \"Gilroy Hot Springs case draws comments from Minnesota editor, moral issue method\" (p. 6), \"Hillings favors boost in Japanese refugee quota\" (p. 8), \"L.A. Nisei Republicans urge U.S. admit separated family kin from Japan\" (p. 8).","extent":"11.5W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-28-49","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics -- Hawaiian statehood","id":"236"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ohki, Ed"},{"namepart":"Wada, Yuri"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Iseri, Mat"},{"namepart":"Murayama, Tamotsu"},{"namepart":"Miyake, Michael M."},{"namepart":"Tajiri, Larry S."},{"namepart":"Antoku, Yoshitaro"},{"namepart":"Kadowaki, Joe"},{"namepart":"Kawamorita, Eiji J."},{"namepart":"Satow, Masao"},{"namepart":"Yamasaki, Mas"},{"namepart":"Sakahara, Dan"},{"namepart":"Tamura, George"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry"},{"namepart":"Toyama, Thomas"},{"namepart":"Nagamatsu, Tom"},{"namepart":"Miyano, Lily"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Elmer"},{"namepart":"Kajikawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Chikuma, Bill"},{"namepart":"Mori, Henry"},{"namepart":"Maruyama, Mike M."},{"namepart":"Nishikawa, Roy"}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"December 7, 1956","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Ohki, Ed \nWada, Yuri \nHosokawa, Bill \nIseri, Mat \nMurayama, Tamotsu \nMiyake, Michael M. \nTajiri, Larry S. \nAntoku, Yoshitaro \nKadowaki, Joe \nKawamorita, Eiji J. \nSatow, Masao \nYamasaki, Mas \nSakahara, Dan \nTamura, George \nHonda, Harry \nToyama, Thomas \nNagamatsu, Tom \nMiyano, Lily \nOgawa, Elmer \nKajikawa, Bill \nChikuma, Bill \nMori, Henry \nMaruyama, Mike M. \nNishikawa, Roy","download_large":"ddr-pc-28-49-mezzanine-1b6eba3bd1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-28-50","model":"entity","index":"8 883/{'value': 1047, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-28-50/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-28-50/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-50-mezzanine-659b4fbb22-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-50-mezzanine-659b4fbb22-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 43, No. 24 (December 14, 1956)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Semi-Gov't Japan Agency to Step Up Temporary Farm Laborers Program\" (p. 1), \"Annual immigration quota for Japan may be raised to 563\" (p. 1), \"Urge middle ground in current textile, quota controversy\" (p. 2), \"Tokyoite answers Keyes Beech's article on Japanese indifferentism to communism\" (p. 2), \"Marysville fetes Japan farm laborers\" (p. 3), \"Selection of Japanese farm workers to U.S. tightens, official reveals\" (p. 7), \"Nisei businessman in Tokyo charged with foreign exchange law violation\" (p. 8).","extent":"11.5W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-28-50","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tajiri, Larry"},{"namepart":"Masuda, Thomas"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Wakamatsu, Shig"},{"namepart":"Tajiri, Larry S."},{"namepart":"Mukai, Wendy"},{"namepart":"Harada, Ugi"},{"namepart":"Kiyomura, Naomi"},{"namepart":"Kushida, Tats"},{"namepart":"Kato, Novo"},{"namepart":"Shoji, Frank"},{"namepart":"Kuida, Frank"},{"namepart":"Fukui, Ida"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Elmer"},{"namepart":"Nishita, Bill"},{"namepart":"Hoshi, Ken"},{"namepart":"Ishimaru, Kent"},{"namepart":"Abe, Ko"},{"namepart":"Shimizu, Rob"},{"namepart":"Mori, Henry"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Harada, Tsuneo"},{"namepart":"Goto, Baron"},{"namepart":"Kunitsugu, Kango"}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"December 14, 1956","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Tajiri, Larry \nMasuda, Thomas \nHosokawa, Bill \nWakamatsu, Shig \nTajiri, Larry S. \nMukai, Wendy \nHarada, Ugi \nKiyomura, Naomi \nKushida, Tats \nKato, Novo \nShoji, Frank \nKuida, Frank \nFukui, Ida \nHonda, Harry \nOgawa, Elmer \nNishita, Bill \nHoshi, Ken \nIshimaru, Kent \nAbe, Ko \nShimizu, Rob \nMori, Henry \nMasaoka, Mike \nHarada, Tsuneo \nGoto, Baron \nKunitsugu, Kango","download_large":"ddr-pc-28-50-mezzanine-659b4fbb22-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-39-52","model":"entity","index":"9 884/{'value': 1047, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-39-52/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-39-52/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-39/ddr-pc-39-52-mezzanine-377d683000-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-39/ddr-pc-39-52-mezzanine-377d683000-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 65, No. 25 (December 22-29, 1967)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Supreme Court and the Nisei: 'Equal Justice Under Law' nearer reality for Japanese Americans\" (p. 1), \"Individual choice in marriage not a concern for State\" (p. 1), \"Is Warren's legal philosophy of today a consequence of Evacuation?\" (p. 1), \"Takao Ozawa Case imbeds Issei to 'ineligible for citizenship' predicament\" (p. 1), \"'The Bill of Rights and the Military': Warren\" (p. 1), \"The Korematsu Case: ACLU's brief and the Supreme Court's decisions\" (p. 3), \"Evacuation ruled constitutional 6 to 3\" (p. 3), \"ACLU Brief: The Korematsu Case\" (p. 8), \"Terrace vs. Thompson: Common law prevails in early Washington alien land issue\" (p. 17), \"Gakuen era far from over--Hawaii once sought its demise\" (p. 23), \"The JACL Story: For Better Americans in a Greater America\" (p. 33), \"National Constitution Japanese American Citizens League\" (p. 53).\r\n\r\nThe holiday issue included advertisements bought by JACL members and chapters that included personal addresses and phone numbers to better foster communications between Japanese American communities. These addresses and phone numbers have been redacted to help protect the privacy of Japanese American communities. Please contact Densho to request the original version.","extent":"15W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-39-52","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases","id":"96"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Enomoto, Jerry"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Gordon, Harold"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Beekman, Allan"},{"namepart":"Korematsu, Fred"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry K."},{"namepart":"Marutani, William"},{"namepart":"Hirabayashi, Gordon"},{"namepart":"Hotta, Yosh"},{"namepart":"Matsumura, Phil"},{"namepart":"Matsumura, Phil"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Elmer"},{"namepart":"Taketa, Henry"},{"namepart":"Endo, Todd"},{"namepart":"Tajima, Kinjiro"},{"namepart":"Toyama, Thomas"},{"namepart":"Nishio, Frank"},{"namepart":"Murayama, Tamotsu"},{"namepart":"Taniguchi, Jean"},{"namepart":"Nakamura, Ellen"},{"namepart":"Nakamura, Kennon"},{"namepart":"Matsumura, Shirley"},{"namepart":"Sabusawa, Mary"},{"namepart":"Matsushima, John K."}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"December 22-29, 1967","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Enomoto, Jerry \nMasaoka, Mike \nGordon, Harold \nHosokawa, Bill \nBeekman, Allan \nKorematsu, Fred \nHonda, Harry K. \nMarutani, William \nHirabayashi, Gordon \nHotta, Yosh \nMatsumura, Phil \nMatsumura, Phil \nOgawa, Elmer \nTaketa, Henry \nEndo, Todd \nTajima, Kinjiro \nToyama, Thomas \nNishio, Frank \nMurayama, Tamotsu \nTaniguchi, Jean \nNakamura, Ellen \nNakamura, Kennon \nMatsumura, Shirley \nSabusawa, Mary \nMatsushima, John K.","download_large":"ddr-pc-39-52-mezzanine-377d683000-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-452","model":"entity","index":"10 885/{'value': 1047, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-452/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-452/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-452-mezzanine-225f1fa159-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-452-mezzanine-225f1fa159-a.jpg"},"title":"Seattle Times: Exhibits celebrate immigrants' strengths, talents in new country","description":"Article titled \"Japanese-American women\" noted that the 11 NW women added to the exhibit at the Burke were chosen by a committee of their peers.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-452","topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Chinese American identity","id":"455"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Women","id":"515"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Picture brides","id":"342"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"},{"term":"Arts and literature -- Visual arts -- Photography","id":"267"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Sansei","id":"338"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Yonsei","id":"339"},{"term":"Reflections on the past -- Exhibitions","id":"394"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Chong, Fay"},{"namepart":"Chinn, Andrew"},{"namepart":"Chinn, Lawrence"},{"namepart":"Yamaguchi, Kristi"},{"namepart":"Hayashida, Fumiko"},{"namepart":"Japanese American Historical Society"},{"namepart":"Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES)"},{"namepart":"Thomas Burke Memorial Washington State Museum"},{"namepart":"Kodama, Sadako"},{"namepart":"Matsudaira, 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\nShimabukuro, Mira Chieko","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-452-mezzanine-225f1fa159-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-65-205","model":"entity","index":"11 886/{'value': 1047, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-65-205/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-65-205/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-65/ddr-densho-65-205-mezzanine-c3f1deee62-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-65/ddr-densho-65-205-mezzanine-c3f1deee62-a.jpg"},"title":"Tulean Dispatch Vol. 5 No. 25 (April 19, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Seven Mess Halls Judged Most Sanitary By Corps: Three Are Repeaters\" (p. 1), \"Repatriation Applications May Be Altered -- Jacoby: Procedure Given to Change, Cancel Forms\" (p. 1), \"Greatest Bond Drive in History Underway\" (p. 1), \"Schools Need Many Teachers\" (p. 1), \"Animal Lost?\" (p. 1), \"Small Project Department Tackles Responsible Jobs\" (p. 2), \"Tailor Wanted\" (p. 2), \"Mannerism to Be Taught Soon...\" (p. 2).","extent":"1219W x 2025H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-65-205","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Tulean Dispatch","id":"174"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Omachi, Henry"},{"namepart":"Busselle, Ruth"},{"namepart":"Busselle, Carolos M"},{"namepart":"Jacoby, Harold S"},{"namepart":"Bass, H E"},{"namepart":"Pedicord, Reece M"},{"namepart":"Raft, George"},{"namepart":"O'Brien, Pat"},{"namepart":"Otsuji, Kay"},{"namepart":"Louis, Joe"},{"namepart":"Schmaling, Max"},{"namepart":"Oki, Louis"},{"namepart":"Termite, Adam"},{"namepart":"Termite, Evie"},{"namepart":"Roper, Otis"},{"namepart":"Osaki, Tomi"},{"namepart":"Starmer, G"},{"namepart":"Hayashi, Ken"},{"namepart":"Seto, Thomas Akiyoshi"},{"namepart":"Morimoto, George Hatsumi"},{"namepart":"Kobayashi, Kiyoko"},{"namepart":"Matsumura, Paul"},{"namepart":"Abe, Morris"},{"namepart":"Abe, Marjorie"},{"namepart":"Abe, Fujie"},{"namepart":"Abe, K"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Tule Lake concentration camp, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"April 19, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Omachi, Henry \nBusselle, Ruth \nBusselle, Carolos M \nJacoby, Harold S \nBass, H E \nPedicord, Reece M \nRaft, George \nO'Brien, Pat \nOtsuji, Kay \nLouis, Joe \nSchmaling, Max \nOki, Louis \nTermite, Adam \nTermite, Evie \nRoper, Otis \nOsaki, Tomi \nStarmer, G \nHayashi, Ken \nSeto, Thomas Akiyoshi \nMorimoto, George Hatsumi \nKobayashi, Kiyoko \nMatsumura, Paul \nAbe, Morris \nAbe, Marjorie \nAbe, Fujie \nAbe, K","download_large":"ddr-densho-65-205-mezzanine-c3f1deee62-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-356-790","model":"entity","index":"12 887/{'value': 1047, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-790/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-356-790/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-790-mezzanine-afb10b3a99-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-790-mezzanine-afb10b3a99-a.jpg"},"title":"Approved Educational Institutions for relocating Japanese American college students","description":"List of approved colleges and universities for Japanese American students to attend by the United States Army & Navy. Plus a list of students in camp who wish to attended university.","extent":"8W x 10.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-356-790","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Student leave","id":"102"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Mizutani, Marie"},{"namepart":"Tsuchiya, Frances"},{"namepart":"Tsuchiya, Janet"},{"namepart":"Tsuchiya, Martha"},{"namepart":"Ishida, Gladys"},{"namepart":"Ishida, Calvin"},{"namepart":"Okuda, Esther"},{"namepart":"Hashimoto, William"},{"namepart":"Hashimoto, Ben"},{"namepart":"Iwata, Sotsuo"},{"namepart":"Kuraya, Ben"},{"namepart":"Nakamura, James"},{"namepart":"Yamashiro, Charles"},{"namepart":"Oshiro, Thomas"},{"namepart":"Ito, George Warren"},{"namepart":"Imamura, Ilona"},{"namepart":"Wakatake, Minoru"},{"namepart":"Tanaka, William"},{"namepart":"Konno, John"},{"namepart":"Tokunaga, Edward M."},{"namepart":"Tokunaga, Katsumi"},{"namepart":"Andow, Sophia"},{"namepart":"Morishige, Tadamasa"},{"namepart":"Nakano, Sumao"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Ranko"},{"namepart":"Kai, Jiro"},{"namepart":"Nomi, Robert"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"c. 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mizutani, Marie \nTsuchiya, Frances \nTsuchiya, Janet \nTsuchiya, Martha \nIshida, Gladys \nIshida, Calvin \nOkuda, Esther \nHashimoto, William \nHashimoto, Ben \nIwata, Sotsuo \nKuraya, Ben \nNakamura, James \nYamashiro, Charles \nOshiro, Thomas \nIto, George Warren \nImamura, Ilona \nWakatake, Minoru \nTanaka, William \nKonno, John \nTokunaga, Edward M. \nTokunaga, Katsumi \nAndow, Sophia \nMorishige, Tadamasa \nNakano, Sumao \nOgawa, Ranko \nKai, Jiro \nNomi, Robert","download_large":"ddr-densho-356-790-mezzanine-afb10b3a99-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-22-394","model":"entity","index":"13 888/{'value': 1047, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-22-394/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-22-394/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-22/ddr-densho-22-394-mezzanine-194e5d8dcd-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-22/ddr-densho-22-394-mezzanine-194e5d8dcd-a.jpg"},"title":"Award of the World War II Victory Medal","description":"","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-22-394","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Zehala, Michael A."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- 442nd Regimental Combat Team","id":"89"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ching, Daniel K.F."},{"namepart":"Porter, Henry W., Jr."},{"namepart":"Los Panos, Allan"},{"namepart":"Hiram, Moses W."},{"namepart":"Kido, Fumio"},{"namepart":"Ohori, Akira"},{"namepart":"Tottori, Calvin A."},{"namepart":"Tsuji, Keiji"},{"namepart":"Wong, Tit S."},{"namepart":"Yanamura, Herbert K."},{"namepart":"Cash, Arthur"},{"namepart":"Chun, David T."},{"namepart":"Di Cenzo, Armand E."},{"namepart":"Kahanaoi, Howard H."},{"namepart":"Koomoa, Thomas K."},{"namepart":"Moreth, Henry N."},{"namepart":"Slaughter, William"},{"namepart":"Thiele, Axel C."},{"namepart":"Ishida, Hisao"},{"namepart":"Date, Itsuo"},{"namepart":"Zehala, Michael"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Oahu, Hawai'i","creation":"23-Feb-46","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Zehala, Michael A. author Ching, Daniel K.F. \nPorter, Henry W., Jr. \nLos Panos, Allan \nHiram, Moses W. \nKido, Fumio \nOhori, Akira \nTottori, Calvin A. \nTsuji, Keiji \nWong, Tit S. \nYanamura, Herbert K. \nCash, Arthur \nChun, David T. \nDi Cenzo, Armand E. \nKahanaoi, Howard H. \nKoomoa, Thomas K. \nMoreth, Henry N. \nSlaughter, William \nThiele, Axel C. \nIshida, Hisao \nDate, Itsuo \nZehala, Michael","download_large":"ddr-densho-22-394-mezzanine-194e5d8dcd-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-28-21","model":"entity","index":"14 889/{'value': 1047, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-28-21/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-28-21/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-21-mezzanine-2cabf603ac-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-21-mezzanine-2cabf603ac-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 42, No. 21 (May 25, 1956)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Major JACL Legislative Aim Met as Bill on Use of Mongolian Labor Signed\" (p. 1), \"Judge Goodman Suggests JACL Change Name by Dropping 'Japanese'\" (p. 1), \"Claims Bill Consideration in Senate Held Up\" (p. 1), \"Milwaukee Sansei named to student goodwill study tour\" (p. 1), \"Hawaii land return bill on President's desk; to aid AJA eleemosynary groups\" (p. 1), \"14,000 attending gakuen in Hawaii\" (p. 1), \"Moses Lake Nisei bid by White House\" (p. 2), \"JACL to urge qualified Nisei government workers be upped for policy-making jobs\" (p. 2), \" \"JACL to urge qualified Nisei government workers be upped for policy-making jobs\" (p. 3), \"Six San Francisco JACL queen candidates appear of NCWNDC quarterly session, due to honor athletes at Jr. Olympics\" (p. 3), \"First Mainland Nisei appointed for Air Academy by Denver congressman\" (p. 3), \"Dist. Councils Begin Nominating for 1956-58 National JACL Board Officers\" (p. 4), \"Southwest L.A. hits all-time high of 855 members, still eyes goal of 1,000\" (p. 5).","extent":"11.5W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-28-21","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Matsutani, Hisashi"},{"namepart":"Mineta, Helen"},{"namepart":"Uno, Hirato W."},{"namepart":"Iwasaki, Amy Teruko"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry K."},{"namepart":"Komoto, Kazuo"},{"namepart":"Tsuda, Roger"},{"namepart":"Nishi, Ed"},{"namepart":"Tajiri, Larry S."},{"namepart":"Furuta, Ben T."},{"namepart":"Niiya, Yoshiko"},{"namepart":"Enomoto, Jerry"},{"namepart":"Kushida, Tats"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Elmer"},{"namepart":"Yoshioka, Frank"},{"namepart":"Shimada, Hank"},{"namepart":"Ozamoto, Isamu"},{"namepart":"Mori, Henry"},{"namepart":"Maruyama, Fumi"},{"namepart":"Kawamoto, Evelyn"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Thomas, George"},{"namepart":"Fukuda, Janet"},{"namepart":"Nose, Katashi"}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"May 25, 1956","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Matsutani, Hisashi \nMineta, Helen \nUno, Hirato W. \nIwasaki, Amy Teruko \nHosokawa, Bill \nHonda, Harry K. \nKomoto, Kazuo \nTsuda, Roger \nNishi, Ed \nTajiri, Larry S. \nFuruta, Ben T. \nNiiya, Yoshiko \nEnomoto, Jerry \nKushida, Tats \nOgawa, Elmer \nYoshioka, Frank \nShimada, Hank \nOzamoto, Isamu \nMori, Henry \nMaruyama, Fumi \nKawamoto, Evelyn \nMasaoka, Mike \nThomas, George \nFukuda, Janet \nNose, Katashi","download_large":"ddr-pc-28-21-mezzanine-2cabf603ac-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-31-52","model":"entity","index":"15 890/{'value': 1047, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-31-52/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-31-52/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-31/ddr-pc-31-52-mezzanine-8cea87f8fe-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-31/ddr-pc-31-52-mezzanine-8cea87f8fe-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 49, No. 26 (December 25, 1959)","description":"Selected article titles: \"14 Nisei and the Marauders\" (p. 3), \"Business of Rescuing Drowning Suicides\" (p. 7), \"Hawaii: Bridge to Asia\" (p. 13), \"Service is Basic Reason for JACL Existence\" (p. 20), \"Chapter feels its diversified program has 1960-70 appeal\" (p. 22), \"Paul Horiuchi: Before success was limned in his paint brushes\" (p. 37), \"Making community little better each year is rule\" (p. 38), \"Program areas of study suggested\" (p. 51), \"Undercurrent of opinion strong for JACL movement in 'Soaring '60s'\" (p. 52), \"Quotes from Jimmie Sakamoto's Courier\" (p. 54).\r\n\r\nThe holiday issue included advertisements bought by JACL members and chapters that included personal addresses and phone numbers to better foster communications between Japanese American communities. These addresses and phone numbers have been redacted to help protect the privacy of Japanese American communities. Please contact Densho to request the original version.","extent":"11W x 15.75H","links_children":"ddr-pc-31-52","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Wakamatsu, Shig"},{"namepart":"Yoshimura, Akiji"},{"namepart":"Kikuchi, Kan"},{"namepart":"Nakatsuka, Lawrence"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Sugimoto, Aki"},{"namepart":"Sakamoto, Shig"},{"namepart":"Yamamoto, Irene"},{"namepart":"Yatabe, Linda"},{"namepart":"Kobayashi, Miyuki"},{"namepart":"Toyama, Thomas"},{"namepart":"Okura, Patrick"},{"namepart":"Nakamura, George"},{"namepart":"Mori, Henry"},{"namepart":"Hirata, Mine"},{"namepart":"Yoshida, Mary"},{"namepart":"Beekman, Allan"},{"namepart":"Kyotow, George"},{"namepart":"Hachiya, Josie"},{"namepart":"Horiuchi, Paul"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Elmer"},{"namepart":"Nakamura, Ayako"},{"namepart":"Tanaka, Henry"},{"namepart":"Sakamoto, Jimmie"},{"namepart":"Gordon, Harold"},{"namepart":"Kumata, Ruth"},{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Bill"},{"namepart":"Murayama, Tamotsu"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"December 25, 1959","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher Wakamatsu, Shig \nYoshimura, Akiji \nKikuchi, Kan \nNakatsuka, Lawrence \nMasaoka, Mike \nSugimoto, Aki \nSakamoto, Shig \nYamamoto, Irene \nYatabe, Linda \nKobayashi, Miyuki \nToyama, Thomas \nOkura, Patrick \nNakamura, George \nMori, Henry \nHirata, Mine \nYoshida, Mary \nBeekman, Allan \nKyotow, George \nHachiya, Josie \nHoriuchi, Paul \nOgawa, Elmer \nNakamura, Ayako \nTanaka, Henry \nSakamoto, Jimmie \nGordon, Harold \nKumata, Ruth \nMatsumoto, Bill \nMurayama, Tamotsu","download_large":"ddr-pc-31-52-mezzanine-8cea87f8fe-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-40-25","model":"entity","index":"16 891/{'value': 1047, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-40-25/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-40-25/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-40/ddr-pc-40-25-mezzanine-11ac4523f4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-40/ddr-pc-40-25-mezzanine-11ac4523f4-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 66, No. 25 (June 21, 1968)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Noguchi confirmed as county coroner\" (p. 1), \"California measure may shut door on Nisei apprentices\" (p. 1), \"JACL committing hara kiri without civil rights stress\" (p. 1), \"Matsunaga fears heroic episodes of 442nd may be forgotten soon by public\" (p. 1), \"Nisei of Biennium candidates revealed\" (p. 1), \"M. Masaoka due recognition for Bonin return\" (p. 2), \"Sansei views JACL and civil rights\" (p. 3), \"Not Negro, but Afro-American or Black\" (p. 6).","extent":"Document","links_children":"ddr-pc-40-25","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Community activities -- Sports -- Bowling","id":"316"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Enomoto, Jerry"},{"namepart":"Noguchi, Thomas J."},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Elmer"},{"namepart":"Horiuchi, Paul"},{"namepart":"Matsunaga, Spark"},{"namepart":"Inagaki, George J."},{"namepart":"Kikuchi, Chihiro"},{"namepart":"Kinoshita, Jin H."},{"namepart":"Yamaoka, George"},{"namepart":"Nikaido, Roger"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Murayama, Tamotsu"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Harano, Ross"},{"namepart":"Aoki, Jiro"},{"namepart":"Nishikawa, Roy M."},{"namepart":"Okura, Lily A."},{"namepart":"Satow, Mas"},{"namepart":"Eto, Robin"},{"namepart":"Gima, Richard"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry K"},{"namepart":"Marutani, Bill"},{"namepart":"Hotta, Yosh"},{"namepart":"Hayashi, Don"},{"namepart":"Sakamoto, Frank"}],"contributor":"15W x 22.5H","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"June 21, 1968","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher Enomoto, Jerry \nNoguchi, Thomas J. \nOgawa, Elmer \nHoriuchi, Paul \nMatsunaga, Spark \nInagaki, George J. \nKikuchi, Chihiro \nKinoshita, Jin H. \nYamaoka, George \nNikaido, Roger \nMasaoka, Mike \nMurayama, Tamotsu \nHosokawa, Bill \nHarano, Ross \nAoki, Jiro \nNishikawa, Roy M. \nOkura, Lily A. \nSatow, Mas \nEto, Robin \nGima, Richard \nHonda, Harry K \nMarutani, Bill \nHotta, Yosh \nHayashi, Don \nSakamoto, Frank","download_large":"ddr-pc-40-25-mezzanine-11ac4523f4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-40-51","model":"entity","index":"17 892/{'value': 1047, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-40-51/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-40-51/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-40/ddr-pc-40-51-mezzanine-7976c4d213-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-40/ddr-pc-40-51-mezzanine-7976c4d213-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 67, No. 25 (December 20-27, 1968)","description":"Selected article titles: \"In Honor of Pioneers from Japan to America\" (p. 1), \"The Sorry Memory: More Are Questioning the Constitutionality of Korematsu Case -- Low Point in U.S. History for Japanese Americans\" (p. 2), \"Political Behavior of Issei and Nisei\" (p. 2), \"How Japanese Are the Japanese Americans?\" (p. 21), \"Hayakawa 'hottest' Issue in S.F. J-Town\" (p. 22), \"The JACL Story: For Better Americans in a Greater America\" (p. 25), \"National Constitution Japanese American Citizens League\" (p. 35), \"News Capsules: 1968\" (p. 47).\r\n\r\nThe holiday issue included advertisements bought by JACL members and chapters that included personal addresses and phone numbers to better foster communications between Japanese American communities. These addresses and phone numbers have been redacted to help protect the privacy of Japanese American communities. Please contact Densho to request the original version.","extent":"15W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-40-51","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Fred Korematsu","id":"157"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Enomoto, Jerry"},{"namepart":"Taketa, Henry"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry K."},{"namepart":"Bollinger, Bruce"},{"namepart":"Takeuchi, Stuart"},{"namepart":"Murayama, Tamotsu"},{"namepart":"Murayama, Tamotsu"},{"namepart":"Nikaido, Roger"},{"namepart":"Beekman, Allan"},{"namepart":"Horinouchi, Isao"},{"namepart":"Fielder, William R."},{"namepart":"Ooka, Dianne T."},{"namepart":"Toriumi, Sophie"},{"namepart":"Bacnik, Anne"},{"namepart":"Masuda, Minoru"},{"namepart":"Hayakawa, S.I."},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, William"},{"namepart":"Mineta, Norman"},{"namepart":"Obana, Russell"},{"namepart":"Satow, Masao W."},{"namepart":"Toyama, Thomas"},{"namepart":"Matsumura, Phil"},{"namepart":"Nakashima, Naoto"},{"namepart":"Henry, Jim"},{"namepart":"Henjyoji, Howard"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"December 20-27, 1968","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher Enomoto, Jerry \nTaketa, Henry \nMasaoka, Mike \nHonda, Harry K. \nBollinger, Bruce \nTakeuchi, Stuart \nMurayama, Tamotsu \nMurayama, Tamotsu \nNikaido, Roger \nBeekman, Allan \nHorinouchi, Isao \nFielder, William R. \nOoka, Dianne T. \nToriumi, Sophie \nBacnik, Anne \nMasuda, Minoru \nHayakawa, S.I. \nHosokawa, William \nMineta, Norman \nObana, Russell \nSatow, Masao W. \nToyama, Thomas \nMatsumura, Phil \nNakashima, Naoto \nHenry, Jim \nHenjyoji, Howard","download_large":"ddr-pc-40-51-mezzanine-7976c4d213-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-381-30","model":"entity","index":"18 893/{'value': 1047, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-381-30/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-381-30/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-381/ddr-densho-381-30-mezzanine-fcd487a8d6-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-381/ddr-densho-381-30-mezzanine-fcd487a8d6-a.jpg"},"title":"Information bulletin","description":"An information bulletin with articles about Minidoka's population, a train wreck, news from Seattle, bus fares, job offers, and three pages of Japanese text, possibly a translation.","extent":"8.5W x 14H","links_children":"ddr-densho-381-30","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Returning home","id":"106"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"War Relocation Authority"},{"namepart":"Robertson, Paul G."},{"namepart":"Itano, Nobuo"},{"namepart":"Yatsutomi, Yoneji"},{"namepart":"Kizuka, Dick I."},{"namepart":"Yoshinobu, James S."},{"namepart":"Yamasawa, Kana"},{"namepart":"Sandmeyer, Stowell"},{"namepart":"Hashizume, Yoshiharu"},{"namepart":"Koyama, George"},{"namepart":"Kihara, Ichimatsu"},{"namepart":"Kihara, Yoshito"},{"namepart":"Kihara, May"},{"namepart":"Kihara, Helen"},{"namepart":"Kihara, Naomi"},{"namepart":"Kihara, Joyce"},{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Shigeru"},{"namepart":"Shigeru, May Yoshiko"},{"namepart":"Shigeru, Thomas Kenji"},{"namepart":"Shigeru, Ruth Michike"},{"namepart":"Shigeru, Katherine Reiko"},{"namepart":"Arase, Hanako"},{"namepart":"Ito, Mits"},{"namepart":"Ring, Fred"},{"namepart":"Jitodai, Toruo"},{"namepart":"McClain, R.P."},{"namepart":"Carpenter, J. Henry"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","facility":[{"term":"Poston (Colorado River)","id":"2"},{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"09/10/1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"War Relocation Authority \nRobertson, Paul G. \nItano, Nobuo \nYatsutomi, Yoneji \nKizuka, Dick I. \nYoshinobu, James S. \nYamasawa, Kana \nSandmeyer, Stowell \nHashizume, Yoshiharu \nKoyama, George \nKihara, Ichimatsu \nKihara, Yoshito \nKihara, May \nKihara, Helen \nKihara, Naomi \nKihara, Joyce \nMatsumoto, Shigeru \nShigeru, May Yoshiko \nShigeru, Thomas Kenji \nShigeru, Ruth Michike \nShigeru, Katherine Reiko \nArase, Hanako \nIto, Mits \nRing, Fred \nJitodai, Toruo \nMcClain, R.P. \nCarpenter, J. Henry","download_large":"ddr-densho-381-30-mezzanine-fcd487a8d6-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-390-44","model":"entity","index":"19 894/{'value': 1047, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-390-44/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-390-44/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-390/ddr-densho-390-44-mezzanine-b16e122f63-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-390/ddr-densho-390-44-mezzanine-b16e122f63-a.jpg"},"title":"Nisei veterans reunion meeting notes","description":"Meeting notes immediately after the 1985 reunion discussing the success of the event and locations for future reunions.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-390-44","topics":[{"term":"Military service -- Veterans' organizations","id":"19"},{"term":"Community activities -- Festivals, celebrations, and holidays","id":"25"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Matsui, Zuke"},{"namepart":"Makabe, Wilson"},{"namepart":"Ishida, Bill K."},{"namepart":"Nakasato, George"},{"namepart":"Kashino, Shiro"},{"namepart":"Kawaminami, Jim"},{"namepart":"Fujita, Monte"},{"namepart":"Takusagawa, Hiroshi"},{"namepart":"Hayamizu, Bob"},{"namepart":"Hirokawa, T."},{"namepart":"Tanaka, Earl I."},{"namepart":"Okinaka, Yasuo"},{"namepart":"Kinaga, Tom"},{"namepart":"Izui, Vic"},{"namepart":"Ohigashi, Robert K."},{"namepart":"Sasaki, Thomas T."},{"namepart":"Ishimitsu, Kazuo"},{"namepart":"Sakamoto, A."},{"namepart":"Noguchi, John"},{"namepart":"Masamori, Tom"},{"namepart":"Nishio, Tom"},{"namepart":"Oki, T. 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