(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:53:45","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-366","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":608,"namepart":"Mits Yamasaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr014397w","namepart":"Yamasaki, Mitsuru"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"September 19, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mits Yamasaki narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Yamasaki, Mitsuru 88922nr014397w","download_large":"denshovh-ymits-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-187","model":"entity","index":"2 252/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-187/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-187/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-187-mezzanine-0ff5c072b1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-187-mezzanine-0ff5c072b1-a.jpg"},"title":"Application for leave clearance, Form WRA 126 rev.","description":"Questionnaire distributed to adult female U.S. citizens of Japanese ancestry and aliens. Individuals were required to supply information regarding place of birth, date of birth, citizenship, places of residence, height, weight, hair color, eye color, voter status, marital status and citizenship of spouse, the names and addresses of all relatives living in the United States, the names as addresses of all relatives living in Japan, education, foreign travel, occupation, employer's name, employer's address, religion, memberships in organizations, knowledge of foreign languages, hobbies, personal references, criminal record, foreign investments, financial contributions, magazine and newspaper subscriptions, whether or not the individual's birth was registered in Japan and whether the individual had ever applied for repatriation. In addition, registrants were asked whether they were willing to serve in the Army Nurse Corps or the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps, whether they were willing to swear allegiance to the United States, affiliation with the Japanese or Spanish government, registration of children with the Japanese or Spanish Consul, whether the individual had sent children to Japan, types of leave which the individual previously applied for, and kinds of employment desired. Also includes, \"Alternate Question #28: Will you swear to abide by the laws of the United States and take no action which would in any way interfere with the war effort of the United States?\" Form DSS 304a. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0189","extent":"6 pages; 14 x 8.5 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-187","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp","id":"101"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"District of Columbia","creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States. War Relocation Authority author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-187-mezzanine-0ff5c072b1-a.jpg"},{"id":"415","model":"narrator","index":"3 253/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/415/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/415/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfrank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfrank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/415/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Sumida","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 10, 1925, in Chicago, Illinois. Grew up primarily in Los Angeles, California, where parents ran a restaurant. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, where he participating in running an organized gambling operation. Moved briefly to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, before being sent to Tule Lake, California, after signing the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" Transferred to the Santa Fe Department of Justice internment camp, New Mexico. Upon wishes of parents, renounced U.S. citizenship and expatriated to Japan. Worked for the military government during the U.S. occupation of Japan. Eventually regained U.S. citizenship and returned to the United States."},{"id":"490","model":"narrator","index":"4 254/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/490/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/490/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kmasamizu.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kmasamizu.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/490/interviews/"},"display_name":"Masamizu Kitajima","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 1, 1933, in Ookala, Hawaii. At a young age, sent to Japan to live with grandfather and begin ministry training, but returned to the U.S. just before the onset of World War II. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father, a prominent Buddhist minister, was picked up and arrested by the FBI. Mother couldn't support the children alone, so the family entered the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas, where they were reunited with father. Father signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" and moved the family to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, in anticipation of repatriating to Japan. Parents changed their minds and did not go to Japan, so the family returned to Hawaii after leaving Tule Lake. After the war, Masamizu established a successful career in airplane mechanics."},{"id":"9","model":"narrator","index":"5 255/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/fgeorge.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/fgeorge.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/9/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Fugami","bio":"Kibei male. Born August 1, 1915, in Portland, Oregon. Sent with siblings to be educated in Japan when ten years old. Returned to the United States in 1935. During World War II, was incarcerated at the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Active in Seattle's postwar Japanese American community as a member and past president of the First Hill Lions Club; past president of the Atlantic Street Center, past president of Franklin High School Band PTA, past zone chairman of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) and past JACL district governor, area 19-B. In his interview, discusses childhood memories of Japan and Japanese attitudes and values."},{"id":"ddr-densho-442","model":"collection","index":"6 256/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-442/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-442/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-442/ddr-densho-442-184-mezzanine-66f116bd6d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-442/ddr-densho-442-184-mezzanine-66f116bd6d-a.jpg"},"title":"Wakaichi \"Buck\" Ohashi Family Collection","description":"Wakaichi \"Buck\" Ohashi Family Collection is a photo album of the Ohashi family. The album primarily contains photographs of the Ohashi family and the Japanese American community in Ketchikan, Alaska prior to WWII.\r\n\r\nJasomatsu \"George\" Ohashi (1872-1934) immigrated to Ketchikan, Alaska around 1900 with his wife Shika, leaving his young son Wakaichi “Buck” in Japan. He came to Alaska following the Yukon Gold Rush, however, he opened a restaurant on Front Street in Ketchikan called \"New York Cafe.\" In 1907 George built a storefront and boarding house on Stedman Street that housed his businesses as well as his growing family. In the storefront he opened and ran Ohashi's Grocery. In the following years he and Shika had two daughters, Mary Haruko (1909) and Ruth Tomo (1917). Around 1911, George sent for his son, Wakaichi “Buck” Ohashi to join him in Alaska. During Prohibition, George put a pool house and bar in the back of the grocery store. Around 1924, Buck returned to Japan to marry Komatsu Saito, and in 1924 they returned to Ketchikan. Together Komatsu and Buck had 5 children, Robert Teruo (1926), Hope Nobuko (1927), Neil Jiro (1930), Edward Saburo (1931) and Paul Masuo (1934). Upon George’s death in 1934 Buck took over the family business, and in 1936 he closed the grocery and opened \"Welexum Bar\" in the space. After a few years the bar was closed and the store front divided into two spaces, a liquor store and a confectionary/ice cream shop. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941 Buck along with all the Issei men in Ketchikan, was arrested and detained on Annette Island. Eventually transferred to Lordsburg or Santa Fe in the following months. In 1942, the rest of the Ohashi family was removed and detained, initially at Camp Harmony in Puyallup, Washington, then at Minidoka in Idaho. Upon the family’s return to Ketchikan in 1945, they reopened the liquor store and confectionary and ran the business until the mid-1990s.","extent":"1 photo album with 312 photographs","links_children":"ddr-densho-442","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-442-184-mezzanine-66f116bd6d-a.jpg"},{"id":"103","model":"narrator","index":"7 257/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/103/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/103/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/wharvey.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/wharvey.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/103/interviews/"},"display_name":"Harvey Watanabe","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 7, 1919, in Exeter, California. Spent prewar childhood in Visalia, California. Drafted prior to World War II. Served in an activated National Guard unit at Fort Lewis, Washington. When World War II broke out, he and all the other Nisei servicemen at Fort Lewis were sent inland. About twenty, Harvey included, went to Fort Hayes, Columbus, Ohio. Recruited for the Military Intelligence Service and trained at the Military Intelligence Language School at Camp Savage, Minnesota. Sent overseas to serve in the Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS) of General MacArthur's headquarters in Australia, Manila and Japan. Assisted in negotiating the surrender of Japanese troops in Manila. Managed the Dai Ichi Hotel in Tokyo for headquarters staff. Later served in the Korean War. Resettled in Seattle, Washington and worked for the Boeing Company."},{"id":"608","model":"narrator","index":"8 258/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/608/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/608/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ymits.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ymits.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/608/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mits Yamasaki","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 3, 1924, in Caldwell, Idaho. In the early 1930s, sent with brothers to live in the Shonien orphanage in Los Angeles after mother develops tuberculosis. Remained in Shonien until the onset of World War II. During the war, removed with a friend's family to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Rohwer concentration camp, Arkansas. Left camp to live and work in Chicago, Illinois, and served with the Military Intelligence Service in Japan during the U.S. occupation."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-122","model":"entity","index":"9 259/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-122/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-122/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ttomiye-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ttomiye-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tomiye Terasaki Interview","description":"Kibei female. Born October 5, 1910, in San Francisco, California. At age three, sent to live with grandfather and receive education in Fukuoka, Japan. After high school, temporarily moved to Tokyo and assisted family-owned business. In 1929, returned to U.S. to join parents in Sacramento. After arranged marriage to Mr. Tadao Sakita, moved to Los Angeles, raised three children and jointly ran a successful cafe. Returned to Sacramento after the bombing of Pearl Harbor to be with family in 1942, until all persons of Japanese ancestry were removed from West Coast. Gave birth to a son while at Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After the war, returned to Los Angeles, and converted to Christianity. Remarried to Mr. Terasaki after first husband's death. At the time of the interview, Mrs. Terasaki resided in Los Angeles, making and repairing Japanese calligraphy scrolls.
(This interview was conducted in Japanese. It was translated so as to convey Mrs. Terasaki's way of speaking as closely as possible. For example, there are instances in which she makes some grammatical errors. These mistakes are conveyed through similar grammatical errors in English, in order to recreate Mrs. Terasaki's manner of speaking. Mrs. Terasaki spoke in the Fukuoka dialect.)","extent":"01:03:58","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-122","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":120,"namepart":"Tomiye Terasaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Ken Silverman"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Hamada"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr010wd4q","namepart":"Sakita, Tomiye"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"July 3, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tomiye Terasaki narrator \nKen Silverman interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nSteve Hamada videographer Sakita, Tomiye 88922nr010wd4q","download_large":"denshovh-ttomiye-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"489","model":"narrator","index":"10 260/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/489/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/489/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nhitoshi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nhitoshi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/489/interviews/"},"display_name":"Hitoshi \"Hank\" Naito","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 20, 1926, in San Diego, California. Grew up in Terminal Island, California, where father was a fisherman. During World War II, removed with family to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Family was transferred to Tule Lake in response to father's answers on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" Turned eighteen in Tule Lake, and also signed \"no-no\" on the questionnaire and renounced U.S. citizenship. Sent to Fort Lincoln (Bismarck) internment camp, North Dakota before going to Japan and reuniting with family. Lived in Japan for a number of years, taking a job with the U.S. army, and volunteering for the U.S. Air Force. Eventually regained citizenship and returned to the U.S."},{"id":"664","model":"narrator","index":"11 261/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/664/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/664/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/swarren.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/swarren.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/664/interviews/"},"display_name":"Warren Koichi Suzuki","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 27, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. At age ten, was sent to Japan to live and attend school. Returned to Seattle prior to World War II. During the war, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Answered \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, returned to Seattle and lived with then wife and child in a hostel located in Seattle's Japanese language school. Established a postwar career with the City of Seattle."},{"id":"300","model":"narrator","index":"12 262/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/300/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/300/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mnancy.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mnancy.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/300/interviews/"},"display_name":"Nancy Sawada Miyagishima","bio":"Sansei female. Born September 17, 1930, in Sacramento, California. Spent childhood in Sacramento where mother and stepfather worked on strawberry fields. Sent to live with relatives in Fort Lupton, Colorado, after mother passed away in March 1941. Unable to return to West Coast after the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Extended family moved to Colorado during \"voluntary evacuation\" period. Stepfather and younger sister removed to Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas, where they renounced citizenship and repatriated to Japan in 1946. Attended high school in Brighton and Denver, Colorado. Married husband, Alfred Miyagishima, and worked as a dental assistant until retirement."},{"id":"218","model":"narrator","index":"13 263/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/218/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/218/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/osam.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/osam.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/218/interviews/"},"display_name":"Sam Ogo","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 1, 1919, in Millwood, Washington, where father worked for SP&S railroad. After serious injury, father quit the railroad and moved family to Spokane, Washington, where they operated numerous hotels. Sent to Japan with siblings in 1933 to attend school. Was only one in the family to return to the U.S. three years later. Brother served in a non-combat position for the Japanese navy during World War II. Operated a produce farm until the 1960s when the state purchased the land to build a freeway. Worked at Crescent Department Store until retirement."},{"id":"46","model":"narrator","index":"14 264/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/46/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/46/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kspady.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kspady.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/46/interviews/"},"display_name":"Spady Koyama","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 4, 1917, in Ferry County, Washington. Sent to Japan at age five following father's death, returning to Spokane, Washington, in 1927. Enlisted in the U.S. Army in January 1942. Served with the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) in the Pacific Ocean theater during World War II where he was seriously injured during a kamikaze dive bomb attack. Was recalled to active duty and subsequently served both in the Korean War and Vietnam War in military intelligence, directing the U.S. Army's counterintelligence in Vietnam. Retired from service in 1970 with the rank of colonel."},{"id":"45","model":"narrator","index":"15 265/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/45/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/45/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kgeorge.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kgeorge.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/45/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Koshi","bio":"Kibei male. Born June 16, 1911, in Greeley, Colorado. Raised in Denver, Colorado, until the age of five. Sent to Japan for schooling in 1917 and returned to the U.S. at the age of seventeen. Continued his education to eventually become the first Nikkei attorney in the state of Colorado. Drafted into the U.S. Army in March, 1942, and became a member of the Military Intelligence Service (MIS); served as an instructor of Japanese language in the MIS Language School and then as a language specialist in Washington, D.C., and the Pacific Military Intelligence Research Section (PACMIRS) in Maryland. Was hired as a civilian by the U.S. government postwar to provide legal counsel to defendants in the war crimes trials in Japan, and later, supervise Japanese legal and judicial reform. Received a medal commendation from the Japanese government for work in connection with the reformation of Japan's judicial system."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-23-8","model":"entity","index":"16 266/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-23-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-23-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-8-mezzanine-1cd113cff7-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-8-mezzanine-1cd113cff7-a.jpg"},"title":"Masonite","description":"Oil Painting no. 1 of 2 \"Masonite\" by Geichiro Kare Kuramatsu. Geichiro (Ernest) Kare Kuramatsu was born in Japan in 1885 to a Russian mother and Japanese father. The family moved to Canada, and Ernest saw combat while serving with the Canadian Army in France during World War I. He completed this oil painting in 1943 while incarcerated at the Granada (Amache) camp. Mr. Kuramatsu received art training at the University of Minnesota and was living near Carmel, California and working with noted seascape artist Paul Dougherty at the outbreak of WW II. Following Franklin D. Roosevelt's issuance of Executive Order 9066 in Feb. 1942, Kuramatsu was confined at the Merced Assembly Center and then sent to Amache in the southeastern desert of Colorado. At Amache, he lived next door to Henry and Ann Fujita from Petaluma, California. Ann was an amateur artist who admired Kuramatsu's work. He presented these two oil paintings to her as gifts in 1943. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: lp028-08-007","extent":"color, 15.5 x 20.3 cm","links_children":"ddr-csujad-23-8","creators":[{"role":"artist","namepart":"Kuramatsu, Geichiro Kare"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Visual arts -- Painting","id":"265"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Sonoma State University Library, Rohnert Park, California","rights":"nocc","genre":"painting","location":"Amache, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"circa 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kuramatsu, Geichiro Kare artist","download_large":"ddr-csujad-23-8-mezzanine-1cd113cff7-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-23-6","model":"entity","index":"17 267/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-23-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-23-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-6-mezzanine-e2354a5456-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-6-mezzanine-e2354a5456-a.jpg"},"title":"Masonite","description":"Oil Painting no. 2 of 2 \"Masonite\" by Geichiro Kare Kuramatsu. Geichiro (Ernest) Kare Kuramatsu was born in Japan in 1885 to a Russian mother and Japanese father. The family moved to Canada, and Ernest saw combat while serving with the Canadian Army in France during World War I. He completed this oil painting in 1943 while incarcerated at the Granada (Amache) camp. Mr. Kuramatsu received art training at the University of Minnesota and was living near Carmel, California and working with noted seascape artist Paul Dougherty at the outbreak of WW II. Following Franklin D. Roosevelt's issuance of Executive Order 9066 in Feb. 1942, Kuramatsu was confined at the Merced Assembly Center and then sent to Amache in the southeastern desert of Colorado. At Amache, he lived next door to Henry and Ann Fujita from Petaluma, California. Ann was an amateur artist who admired Kuramatsu's work. He presented these two oil paintings to her as gifts in 1943. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: lp028-08-005","extent":"color, 15.4 x 20.3 cm","links_children":"ddr-csujad-23-6","creators":[{"role":"artist","namepart":"Kuramatsu, Geichiro Kare"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Visual arts -- Painting","id":"265"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Sonoma State University Library, Rohnert Park, California","rights":"nocc","genre":"painting","location":"Amache, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"circa 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kuramatsu, Geichiro Kare artist","download_large":"ddr-csujad-23-6-mezzanine-e2354a5456-a.jpg"},{"id":"321","model":"narrator","index":"18 268/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/321/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/321/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ayae.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ayae.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/321/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yae Aihara","bio":"Nisei female. Born August 18, 1925 in Tacoma, Washington. Raised in Seattle, Washington, where family operated a grocery store. Attended Washington Grammar School and Garfield High School in Seattle. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested by the FBI and sent to Missoula internment camp, Montana. Family was removed to Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. In 1943, father decided to repatriate to Japan. The family was transported to Ellis Island detention station to reunite with father and board a repatriation ship, the SS Gripsholm. Transferred to Crystal City internment camp, Texas, after being denied entry on SS Gripsholm. Remained in Crystal City for duration of the war. Resettled to Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles in 1946."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1021-3","model":"entity","index":"19 269/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1021-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1021-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-3-1-mezzanine-701b9f69a1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-3-1-mezzanine-701b9f69a1-a.jpg"},"title":"Keiko Shinmoto Interview","description":"Keiko Shinmoto's father migrated from Hiroshima to Portland, Oregon, where his brother was an owner of a grocery store. After returning to Hiroshima to see his ailing father, Keiko's father found it impossible to return to America as his mother hid his passport to keep him in Japan. Shortly, Keiko's mother joined him in Hiroshima, also her hometown. Unlike her eight older siblings, then, Keiko was born in Japan, in 1936. She recalls the challenge of being sent to the countryside at the age of eight as part of shudan sokai, a wartime program for children aiming to protect the youth from fire bombings in cities. The food shortage and black market called yamiichi that flourished after the war, too, left Keiko a strong impression. She is a nyushi survivor, as she was exposed to radiation by walking through the city of Hiroshima three days after the bombing. She lost one of her older sisters to the bomb. She came to the United States in 1960 with a help of her US-born brother, by then living in Los Angeles. She relearned English from her father who was also back in the United States and in the area at that time. Keiko attended a technical college to study design while working as a \"schoolgirl\" and worked briefly in Beverly Hills as a dressmaker before she married Nisei from Stockton. A former prisoner of the Gila River War Relocation Center, he worked as a mechanic at Chevrolet after the war and became an owner of a car repair shop. Keiko helped the shop's book keeping, while she also raised two children and worked at a grocery store in order to pay for her health insurance. At the time of the interview, Keiko had just joined a biannual medical checkup conducted by Hiroshima physicians in San Francisco for the first time because of the encouragement by another US survivor. After her husband passed away in 1998, she has been enjoying talking with her children, going to a Buddhist church in Stockton, and keeping in touch with her Nisei friends.","extent":"1:38:22","links_children":"ddr-densho-1021-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":965,"namepart":"Keiko Shinmoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Naoko Wake"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Stockton, California","creation":"25-Jul-11","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Keiko Shinmoto narrator \nNaoko Wake interviewer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1021-3-1-mezzanine-701b9f69a1-a.jpg"},{"id":"909","model":"narrator","index":"20 270/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/909/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/909/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-461_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-461_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/909/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ronald Ikejiri","bio":"Sansei male. Born December 3, 1948, in Los Angeles, California. During World War II, parents had been incarcerated at the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Father signed 'no-no' on the so-called 'loyalty questionnaire', renounced U.S. citizenship, and was sent to the Department of Justice camp at Bismarck, North Dakota. Family did not end up expatriating to Japan, and reunited instead at the Crystal City camp in Texas. After leaving camp, returned to California and started a gardening business in Gardena, California. Ronald attended UCLA and then graduated from the Northrop University School of Law. In the late 1970s, took a position as the Washington representative for the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL), and worked during the redress movement. Elected to the Gardena City Council in 2001."},{"id":"120","model":"narrator","index":"21 271/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/120/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/120/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ttomiye.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ttomiye.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/120/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tomiye Terasaki","bio":"Kibei female. Born October 5, 1910, in San Francisco, California. At age three, sent to live with grandfather and receive education in Fukuoka, Japan. After high school, temporarily moved to Tokyo and assisted family-owned business. In 1929, returned to U.S. to join parents in Sacramento. After arranged marriage to Mr. Tadao Sakita, moved to Los Angeles, raised three children and jointly ran a successful cafe. Returned to Sacramento after the bombing of Pearl Harbor to be with family in 1942, until all persons of Japanese ancestry were removed from West Coast. Gave birth to a son while at Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After the war, returned to Los Angeles, and converted to Christianity. Remarried to Mr. Terasaki after first husband's death. At the time of the interview, Mrs. Terasaki resided in Los Angeles, making and repairing Japanese calligraphy scrolls."},{"id":"209","model":"narrator","index":"22 272/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/209/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/209/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hhideo.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hhideo.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/209/interviews/"},"display_name":"Hideo Hoshide","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 25, 1917, in Tacoma, Washington. Grew up in Tacoma except for living in Japan for several years at age four. Attended the University of Washington in Seattle, majoring in Political Science, Far Eastern Studies, with a minor in journalism. Prior to World War II, worked as sports editor for community newspaper, The Japanese American Courier. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, was removed along with wife to Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and then Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Had a daughter in Tule Lake, and then moved to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Recruited to work for the U.S. Army's Office of Strategic Services (OSS), was drafted, and trained in India. After the end of the war, was sent to Hiroshima, Japan, to conduct a U.S. government survey studying the effects of the atomic bomb on Japanese citizens. Returned to Seattle in 1946 and was the associate editor for another community newspaper, The Northwest Times. Worked for the Boeing Company postwar while raising a family. Was a founding member of the Seattle Nisei Veterans Committee, working on the group's newsletter for thirty years."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-96","model":"entity","index":"23 273/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-96/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-96/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tayame_g-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tayame_g-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Ayame Tsutakawa - Mayumi Tsutakawa - Kenzan Tsutakawa-Chinn - Yayoi Tsutakawa-Chinn","description":"This is an intergenerational, group interview of members of the Tsutakawa family. Ayame Tsutakawa is a Kibei female born 1924 in Hollywood, California, then sent to Japan to live with relatives when thirteen months old. She returned to the United States at the age of twelve. During WWII, she was incarcerated in the Sacramento Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp. While in camp she met George Tsutakawa, (world reknowned artist, 1910-1997) whom she married. The Tsutakawas had four children: Gerard, Mayumi, Deems, and Marcus. Ayame's daughter, Mayumi, and Mayumi's two children: Kenzan and Yayoi, also participated in this interview. Mayumi was born in 1949, Kenzan was born in 1980, and Yayoi was born in 1986. This family interview focuses on the lessons and impacts of the incarceration as seen by different generations within the same family.
(The Tsutakawas were interviewed at the former site of the Tule Lake incarceration camp, in the context of a larger Tule Lake reunion, called the \"Tule Lake Pilgrimage, Journey of Remembrance and Discovery,\" organized by the Tule Lake Committee. This Pilgrimage was attended by people from up and down the West Coast, and included a narrated walking tour of the campsite, panel lectures, intergenerational discussion groups, cultural performances, and an interfaith religious ceremony.)","extent":"00:32:42","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-96","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":94,"namepart":"Ayame Tsutakawa"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":95,"namepart":"Mayumi Tsutakawa"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":96,"namepart":"Kenzan Tsutakawa-Chinn"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":97,"namepart":"Yayoi Tsutakawa-Chinn"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tracy Lai"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Hamada"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zr73","namepart":"Iwasa, Ayame"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Klamath Falls, Oregon","creation":"July 3, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ayame Tsutakawa narrator \nMayumi Tsutakawa narrator \nKenzan Tsutakawa-Chinn narrator \nYayoi Tsutakawa-Chinn narrator \nTracy Lai interviewer \nSteve Hamada videographer Iwasa, Ayame 88922nr015zr73","download_large":"denshovh-tayame_g-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-2","model":"entity","index":"24 274/{'value': 280, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-2-mezzanine-d47a6b93d2-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-2-mezzanine-d47a6b93d2-a.jpg"},"title":"George Naohara's handwritten annotations","description":"English translations of handwritten annotations from \"George Naohara photo album\" (csudh_nao_0001), page 4: [Left] Several meetings were held in Little Tokyo, Los Angeles, California, prior to moving to the Manzanar incarceration camp in California. I attended those meetings. What was announced was that all Japanese Americans residing in California and the West Coast should move to “War Relocation Centers” and we, Japanese Americans, complied with the decision made by the U.S. government. We gathered at the Merynoll School in Los Angeles. We were directed to get on a train at the Union Station and sent to the Manzanar incarceration camp. We were allowed to bring one suitcase and one gallon of water. I was incarcerated. Two to three month later, the recruitment of farm laborers was announced: \"Farm laborers for sugar beets are needed in Idaho and Utah. Volunteers will be transported by bus. Follow the instructions.\" I signed up my name and became one of the passengers in a bus. In the bus, I run into Tadashi Sakaida age at 17. Tadashi Sakaida was one of the passengers of the Kamakura-maru which was the ship that I got on when sailing from Japan to the U.S. He was one of my friends. We was delighted to be reunited, and we both worked in a farm together for two years, earning one dollar per hour. [Center] After incarcerated in the Manzanar camp in California, the recruitment of farm laborers for sugar beets was announced. Maybe about 150 people were hired. I was assigned to C.C.C. Camp [Civilian Conservation Corps Camp] in Rupert, Idaho, where young trouble makers were detained. I went to Idaho. They immediately needed to accommodate three meals for all the laborers, and the mess hall work was an urgent demand. That was my first time to meet the cooks and other staff in the mess hall, and I did not know who they were. Among the mess hall staff, George Naohara was a young man at age 20. The mess hall staff consisted of six people. The kitchen work was very busy. [Right bottom] The mess hall of C.C.C. Camp [Civilian Conservation Corps Camp] was well furnished with good kitchen appliances and tools. I was raised in Japan and did not know how to operate or use them, but I was able to figure it out. Senior people and the experienced people taught me how to cook. I was impressed by the facilities in America and admired the advanced lifestyle which was totally different from that of Issei strawberry pickers. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_01_004","extent":"1 page, 8 x 8.75 inches, handwritten; black and white","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-2","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Naohara, George, 1919-2014"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\") -- Japanese American community responses","id":"52"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\") -- Preparation","id":"189"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Work leave","id":"103"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"status":"completed","search_hidden":"Naohara, George, 1919-2014 author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-2-mezzanine-d47a6b93d2-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Sent to Japan","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}