{"total":5114,"limit":25,"offset":4775,"prev_offset":4750,"next_offset":4800,"page_size":25,"this_page":192,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Seattle&limit=25&offset=4750","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Seattle&limit=25&offset=4800","objects":[{"id":"87","model":"narrator","index":"0 4775/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/87/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/87/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/snobu.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/snobu.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/87/interviews/"},"display_name":"Nobu Suzuki","bio":"Nisei female. November 25, 1909, in Seattle, Washington. Father established one of the largest oyster companies in the United States prior to World War II. Graduated from Garfield High School, the University of Washington, and then the Pacific School of Religion where she earned a master's degree in religious education. At the outbreak of WWII, assisted Nikkei who lost their jobs and worked with the WRA to help those families trying to relocate inland before the mass removal. Incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, with husband who served as one of the camp's physicians. While incarcerated, worked on the student relocation and job leave programs. Maintained an active involvement in the Young Christian Women's Association throughout the war, and postwar. Resettled first in Spokane, than later in Seattle. After the war, became active in a myriad of organizations, including, the national PTA, American Association of University Women, League of Women's Voters, and King County Medical Society's women's organization."},{"id":"147","model":"narrator","index":"1 4776/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/147/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/147/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kmarion.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kmarion.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/147/interviews/"},"display_name":"Marion Tsutakawa Kanemoto","bio":"Nisei female. Born December 30, 1927, in Seattle, Washington. Lived in Japan for fifteen months as a child, before returning to Seattle to attend junior high school. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was picked up by the FBI and taken to the Department of Justice camp at Missoula, Montana. Removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, before being reunited with father at the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Family volunteered to leave for Japan in 1943 on the U.S. government's \"exchange ship,\" the USS Gripsholm. Attended high school in Japan, and participated in military and air raid drills. During the U.S.'s postwar occupation of Japan, attended Doshisha University and worked for a U.S. army station hospital library. Returned to the U.S. and enrolled at St. Mary's teaching hospital in Rochester, Minnesota. Denied redress because of expatriation to Japan, but succeeded in obtaining redress in 1996 after filing a class-action lawsuit."},{"id":"361","model":"narrator","index":"2 4777/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/361/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/361/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/akay.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/akay.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/361/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kay Aiko Abe","bio":"Nisei female. Born May 9, 1927, in Selleck, Washington. Spent much of childhood in Beaverton, Oregon, where father owned a farm. Influenced at an early age by parents' conversion to Christianity. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, worked to establish a successful volunteer program to feed the homeless in Seattle, Washington."},{"id":"860","model":"narrator","index":"3 4778/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/860/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/860/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yeiko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yeiko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/860/interviews/"},"display_name":"Eiko Yamaichi","bio":"Nisei female. Born October 25, 1924, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Snoqualmie, Washington, where father worked for the Weyerhaeuser company before the war. During World War II, removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Later transferred to the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas, and the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, worked in domestic service in California."},{"id":"885","model":"narrator","index":"4 4779/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/885/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/885/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hlillian.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hlillian.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/885/interviews/"},"display_name":"Lillian Horita","bio":"Nisei female. Born November 9, 1929, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in Portland, where parents ran a cleaning business. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, then to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Transferred to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp to attend school in Des Moines, Iowa, before eventually returning to the West Coast and living in Seattle."},{"id":"1017","model":"narrator","index":"5 4780/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1017/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1017/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-527_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-527_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1017/interviews/"},"display_name":"Karen Yoshitomi","bio":"Sansei female. Born 1962 in Spokane, Washington. Father was born in British Columbia, Canada, and mother was born in Thomas, Washington. Grew up in the Tacoma, Washington, area, before eventually moving to Portland, Oregon, and then Seattle, Washington. Graduated from the University of Washington. Became regional director for the Japanese American Citizens League, and then Executive Director of the Japanese Cultural and Community Center of Washington."},{"id":"ddr-densho-274","model":"collection","index":"6 4781/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-274/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-274/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-274/ddr-densho-274-1-mezzanine-38c8a21020-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-274/ddr-densho-274-1-mezzanine-38c8a21020-a.jpg"},"title":"Shosuke Sasaki Collection","description":"This collection consists of documents from the personal collection of Mr. Shosuke Sasaki, an Issei who immigrated to the U.S. in 1919. During World War II he was incarcerated in Minidoka, Idaho, and later worked for Standard & Poor's financial institution for many years. His papers document his work with Minidoka's Welfare Department, as well as his prominent role in formulating the \"Seattle Plan\" for redress in the early 1970s. Mr. Sasaki also led an effort to eliminate the perjorative use of the word \"Jap\" in print media.","extent":"194 documents","links_children":"ddr-densho-274","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-274-1-mezzanine-38c8a21020-a.jpg"},{"id":"135","model":"narrator","index":"7 4782/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/135/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/135/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sroger.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sroger.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/135/interviews/"},"display_name":"Roger Shimomura","bio":"Roger Shimomura's paintings, prints, and theater pieces address sociopolitical issues of Asian America. The inspiration for many of his works are the diaries kept by his late immigrant grandmother for fifty-six years. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Washington in Seattle, and his graduate degree from Syracuse University, New York. Shimomura has had more than 100 solo exhibitions of his paintings and prints, and has presented his experimental theater pieces at such venues as the Franklin Furnace, New York; Walker Art Center, Minneapolis; and the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. He is the recipient of four National Endowment for the Arts Fellowships in painting and performance art, a McKnight Fellowship, and a Civil Liberties Public Education Fund Fellowship. He was the first artist to be awarded an international Japan Foundation Grant, as well as the first in the state to receive the Kansas Arts Commission Artist Fellowship in Painting. In fall 1990, Shimomura was appointed the Dayton Hudson Distinguished Visiting Professor at Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota. Professor Shimomura has lectured on his work at more than 160 universities and art museums across the United States. In 1994 he was designated a University Distinguished Professor on the University of Kansas faculty, the first so honored in the history of the School of Fine Arts at that campus. In 1998, he received the Higuchi Research Prize, the highest annual honor bestowed on a Kansas University faculty member in the Humanities and Social Sciences.  In 1999, the Seattle Urban League named a scholarship for him that is awarded annually to a Seattle resident pursuing a career in art. The College Art Association presented him with the Artist Award for Most Distinguished Body of Work for 2001, in recognition of his four-year, twelve-museum national tour of the painting exhibition An American Diary. Shimomura's personal papers are being collected by the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. He is represented by Jeffrey Hoffeld & Company, Inc., New York; Jan Cicero Gallery, Chicago; Jan Weiner Gallery, Kansas City; Bernice Steinbaum Gallery, Miami; and Greg Kucera Gallery, Seattle."},{"id":"255","model":"narrator","index":"8 4783/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/255/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/255/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/szen.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/szen.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/255/interviews/"},"display_name":"Zen Shibayama","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 5, 1924, in Seattle, Washington, but raised in Bainbridge Island, Washington. Lived in Japan for several years, returning to the U.S. just prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941. Moved with family to Moses Lake, Washington, as part of \"voluntary evacuation.\" Drafted into the army and served with the Military Intelligence Service in Japan during the U.S. occupation, eventually returning to Bainbridge Island."},{"id":"340","model":"narrator","index":"9 4784/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/340/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/340/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/njames.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/njames.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/340/interviews/"},"display_name":"James Nishimura","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 6, 1930, in Seattle, Washington. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. While in camp, was allowed to leave to attend high school for one year in the nearby town of Eden, Idaho. After leaving camp, Mr. Nishimura moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he pursued a successful career in the cable television industry."},{"id":"353","model":"narrator","index":"10 4785/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/353/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/353/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/keugene.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/keugene.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/353/interviews/"},"display_name":"Eugene Tatsuru Kimura","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 19, 1922, in Sheridan, Wyoming. At a young age, moved to Seattle, Washington, and spent most of childhood there. Was enrolled at the University of Washington when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, before returning with family to Sheridan. Attended the University of Nevada and later earned a doctorate in pharmacology from the University of Chicago."},{"id":"591","model":"narrator","index":"11 4786/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/591/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/591/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nroy.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nroy.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/591/interviews/"},"display_name":"Roy Nakagawa","bio":"Nisei male. Born December 28, 1916, in Missoula, Montana. Spent early part of childhood in Montana, where parents ran a farm. Moved with family to Seattle, Washington, finished school, and attended the University of Washington. Moved to the Los Angeles area for work. During World War II, removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, worked in Chicago and Wisconsin before eventually returning to Los Angeles."},{"id":"850","model":"narrator","index":"12 4787/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/850/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/850/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mmasako_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mmasako_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/850/interviews/"},"display_name":"Masako Murakami","bio":"Sansei female. Born March 27, 1934, in San Francisco, California. Parents were both Kibei from Seattle, Washington, and Bakersfield, California. Grew up in San Francisco, California, where father was in sales. During World War II, removed to the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. After father signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, returned to San Francisco."},{"id":"ddr-densho-510","model":"collection","index":"13 4788/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-510/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-510/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-510/ddr-densho-510-7-mezzanine-1e6fce0b7c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-510/ddr-densho-510-7-mezzanine-1e6fce0b7c-a.jpg"},"title":"M. Katayama and Ben Nakagawa Collection","description":"The M. Katayama and Ben Nakayama Collection consists of correspondence by M. and Kathy Katayama, and Ben Nakayama in response to Bob Hope's use of the word \"Jap\" in a speech to the Boy Scout jamboree in 1973. The Katayamas wrote letters to various leaders, officials, and personal representatives seeking condemnation and an apology from Bob Hope to the Japanese American community. Ben Nakayama, president of the Seattle Japanese American Citizen's League at the time of the incident, was quoted in many articles, and received hate mail for his comments.","extent":"37 letters, 17 clippings, and 2 pages of notes","links_children":"ddr-densho-510","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Katayama, M."},{"role":"author","namepart":"Nakagawa, Ben"}],"language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Katayama, M. author \nNakagawa, Ben author","download_large":"ddr-densho-510-7-mezzanine-1e6fce0b7c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-19","model":"entity","index":"14 4789/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-19/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-19/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview III","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"01:21:56","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-19","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 5, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-20","model":"entity","index":"15 4790/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-20/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-20/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-04-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-04-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview IV","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"01:49:44","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-20","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"February 17, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-04-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-115","model":"entity","index":"16 4791/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-115/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-115/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-05-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-05-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview V","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"01:55:10","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-115","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 4, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-05-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-17","model":"entity","index":"17 4792/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview I","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"02:53:51","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-17","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Becky Fukuda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"April 26, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nBecky Fukuda interviewer \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-18","model":"entity","index":"18 4793/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-18/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-18/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"02:31:45","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-18","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 25, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-119-30","model":"entity","index":"19 4794/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-119-30/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-119-30/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-30-mezzanine-9aa213add0-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-30-mezzanine-9aa213add0-a.jpg"},"title":"Minidoka Irrigator Vol. III No. 2 (March 6, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Red Cross Fund Drive Starts Mon. Sumida Announces Plans to Canvass Entire Project\" (p. 1), \"WRA Staff Here Backs Bond Sale 100 Per Cent\" (p. 1), \"Work to Start on Coal Pits; Stafford Will Lead Shovel Crew\" (p. 1), \"Schmoe Arrives, Accompanied by G. Hirabayashi\" (p. 1), \"Male Registrants May Make Changes\" (p. 1), \"WAAC Officer Voices Hope For Nisei Enlistment\" (p. 1), \"Ariz. Centers No Longer In Restricted Area\" (p. 1), \"Evacuee Help Counted On To Harvest '43  Beet Crop - Prospects for coming Season Bright, Scalley Observes\" (p. 2), \"Two Who Escaped From Ariz. Center Arrested In L.A.\" (p. 2), \"Pay Boost Due Beet Workers\" (p. 2), \"Strife Flares Anew At Tule; Two Beaten Up\" (p. 2), \"Deportation Move Rapped\" (p. 2), \"26 More Indefinite Leaves Issued\" (p. 2), \"Overseas Broadcasters Sought by Government. OWI Needs Nisei For War of Words\" (p. 3), \"Lad Follows Flight of Model Plane, gets Lost in Wilds Seven Hours\" (p. 3), \"Use Of Absentee Ballots in Seattle Elections Protested\" (p. 3), \"Bus Patrons to Register Names at Gate\" (p. 3), \"The Nisei Problem. An Article in The Seattle P-I.\" (p. 4), \"Work on Outdoor Basketball Court Delayed\" (p. 7).","extent":"1488W x 2068H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-119-30","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Minidoka Irrigator","id":"173"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"March 6, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-119-30-mezzanine-9aa213add0-a.jpg"},{"id":"74","model":"narrator","index":"20 4795/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/74/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/74/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nmartha.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nmartha.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/74/interviews/"},"display_name":"Martha Nishitani","bio":"Nisei female. Born February 27, 1920, in Seattle, Washington. Family owned and operated the Oriental Gardens, the first nursery in Lake City. Incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. An award-winning modern dancer who established the Martha Nishitani Modern Dance School and Martha Nishitani Modern Dance Company, she also choreographs for modern dance, opera, and theater productions, as well as specializes in teaching creative dance to children."},{"id":"294","model":"narrator","index":"21 4796/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/294/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/294/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ivictor.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ivictor.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/294/interviews/"},"display_name":"Victor Ikeda","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 4, 1927, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Seattle's Japantown area, where parents operated a hotel. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp to attend school in Minnesota, was drafted, and trained in the Military Intelligence Service Language School. After World War II, worked as a transportation agent with the Department of Army Quartermaster Corps."},{"id":"617","model":"narrator","index":"22 4797/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/617/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/617/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/myasu.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/myasu.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/617/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yasu Koyamatsu Momii","bio":"Nisei female. Born October 23, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. Moved to Los Angeles, California, with family around age six. Had graduated from high school and was attending a trade school in dressmaking when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, worked for a few years in Cleveland, Ohio, before eventually returning to Los Angeles."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-25-49","model":"entity","index":"23 4798/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-25-49/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-25-49/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-25/ddr-csujad-25-49-mezzanine-a49d77b056-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-25/ddr-csujad-25-49-mezzanine-a49d77b056-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese family","description":"A page from an album containing Japanese family photographs. Includes a portrait of a Japanese man in suits and a Japanese woman in western dress taken at \"Toyo Studio, Seattle, WH.\"; a photograph of Japanese male children riding on toys in snow; and a street photograph capturing buildings, \"First National Bank,\" and \"Commercial Hotel.\" Those photographs appear to be taken in Washington in the early 1900s. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/8952\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">jia_07_01_049</a>","extent":"black and white","links_children":"ddr-csujad-25-49","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington","id":"290"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Nevada","id":"501"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Women","id":"515"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Department of Special Research Collections, UC Santa Barbara Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"album","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"1900-1939","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-25-49-mezzanine-a49d77b056-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-25-10","model":"entity","index":"24 4799/{'value': 5114, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-25-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-25-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-25/ddr-csujad-25-10-mezzanine-6af634145b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-25/ddr-csujad-25-10-mezzanine-6af634145b-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese family","description":"A page from an album containing Japanese family photographs. Five photographs are pasted on the page. All photographs appear to be taken in Washington in the early 1900s. Include Japanese men in suits, women in western dress, and children. Include a family portrait which is taken at \"Jackson Studio\" in Seattle, Washington. Also include one photograph of two Caucasian women. Another photograph captures a Japanese man in suits playing with bear cubs. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/8912\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">jia_07_01_010</a>","extent":"black and white","links_children":"ddr-csujad-25-10","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington","id":"290"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Nevada","id":"501"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Women","id":"515"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Department of Special Research Collections, UC Santa Barbara Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"album","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"1900-1939","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-25-10-mezzanine-6af634145b-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Seattle","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}