(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:13:03","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-15","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":721,"namepart":"Nikki Bridges"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"December 11, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Nikki Bridges narrator","download_large":"denshovh-bnikki-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-1-508","model":"entity","index":"15 1065/{'value': 1182, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-1-508/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-1-508/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-508-mezzanine-c8a9dd5925-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-508-mezzanine-c8a9dd5925-a.jpg"},"title":"Portland Rose Festival Parade float- \"A Garden of Eden\"","description":"Color slide of a small Rose Festival Parade float with a pink ribbon on a yellow sign driving down SW Third Ave in front of a large crowd gathered outside a Signal gas station and San Francisco Tailor, behind the Signal gas station is the old Multnomah Hotel. The float has a waterfall that is surrounded by yellow, purple and pink flowers. The side of the waterfall reads \"A Garden of Eden, Oregon Soil Clinic.\" The Portland Rose Festival Parade is an annual event in which floats are made out of flowers and paraded down the streets of Portland. According to donor processed on May 21, 1955.","extent":"1.375W x 1H","links_children":"ddr-one-1-508","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Hirahara, Frank"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon -- Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Community activities -- Festivals, celebrations, and holidays -- Portland Rose Festival","id":"306"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Returning home","id":"106"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"Portland, Oregon","creation":"1948-1954","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hirahara, Frank photographer","download_large":"ddr-one-1-508-mezzanine-c8a9dd5925-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-1-505","model":"entity","index":"16 1066/{'value': 1182, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-1-505/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-1-505/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-505-mezzanine-9bfb1e9a93-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-505-mezzanine-9bfb1e9a93-a.jpg"},"title":"Portland Rose Festival Parade- cowboy","description":"Color slide of a Roy Rogers in a white suit and hat riding a palomino horse in the Rose Festival Parade on SW Third Ave, he is passing a Signal gas station and San Francisco Tailor, behind the Signal gas station is the old Multnomah Hotel. In the foreground is Dale Evans riding a horse in a green dress and white hat. In the background are three police officers on motorcycles. The Portland Rose Festival Parade is an annual event in which floats are made out of flowers and paraded down the streets of Portland. According to the donor processed on June 16, 1954.","extent":"1.375W x 1H","links_children":"ddr-one-1-505","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Hirahara, Frank"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon -- Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Community activities -- Festivals, celebrations, and holidays -- Portland Rose Festival","id":"306"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Returning home","id":"106"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"Portland, Oregon","creation":"1948-1954","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hirahara, Frank photographer","download_large":"ddr-one-1-505-mezzanine-9bfb1e9a93-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-1-501","model":"entity","index":"17 1067/{'value': 1182, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-1-501/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-1-501/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-501-mezzanine-24d7b41d45-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-501-mezzanine-24d7b41d45-a.jpg"},"title":"Portland Rose Festival Parade- float 8 \"Sacajawea\"","description":"Color slide of Rose Festival Parade float 8 driving down SW Third Ave in front of a large crowd gathered outside a Signal gas station and San Francisco Tailor, behind the Signal gas station is the old Multnomah Hotel. The float has four visible riders, two men dressed as American frontiersmen and two women dressed in Native American costumes. The front of the float reads \"Sacajawea\" while the side reads \"Associated Restaurants.\" The Portland Rose Festival Parade is an annual event in which floats are made out of flowers and paraded down the streets of Portland. According to the donor processed on June 16, 1954.","extent":"1.375W x 1H","links_children":"ddr-one-1-501","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Hirahara, Frank"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon -- Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Community activities -- Festivals, celebrations, and holidays -- Portland Rose Festival","id":"306"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Returning home","id":"106"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"Portland, Oregon","creation":"1948-1954","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hirahara, Frank photographer","download_large":"ddr-one-1-501-mezzanine-24d7b41d45-a.jpg"},{"id":"140","model":"narrator","index":"18 1068/{'value': 1182, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/140/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/140/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hjim.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hjim.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/140/interviews/"},"display_name":"Jim Hirabayashi","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 30, 1926, in small town of Thomas, Washington, on family farm. Attended school in Auburn, Washington, before being removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Left camp to work in Idaho, and was subsequently joined by family. Postwar, became a social anthropologist, and later became only the second Nisei to teach at San Francisco State University. Instrumental in the struggle to establish the field of Ethnic Studies. Brother of Gordon Hirabayashi, who defied the curfew and removal orders in 1942, and was arrested, convicted, and imprisoned. Gordon Hirabayashi's conviction was vacated in 1986."},{"id":"920","model":"narrator","index":"19 1069/{'value': 1182, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/920/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/920/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-474_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-474_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/920/interviews/"},"display_name":"Satsuki Ina","bio":"Sansei female. Born May 25, 1944, in the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Her parents, both Kibei, grew up in San Francisco, California. During World War II, they were incarcerated at the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. They signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" renounced their U.S. citizenship, and were transferred to Tule Lake when it was designated a segregation camp. Dr. Ina became a psychotherapist specializing in the treatment of community trauma, and in addition to being an author and activist, has produced two award-winning documentaries, Children of the Camps and From A Silk Cocoon."},{"id":"928","model":"narrator","index":"20 1070/{'value': 1182, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/928/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/928/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-481_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-481_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/928/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Kazuharu Naganuma","bio":"Born August 20, 1938, in Lima, Peru. Parents ran a laundry business and father was a prominent community leader. During World War II, the FBI arrested George's father and the entire family was placed on a ship and sent to the Department of Justice camp at Crystal City, Texas. After leaving camp, the family was not allowed to return to Peru, so they moved to San Francisco with the help and sponsorship of a Shinto church reverend. Became involved in numerous activities such as Boy Scouts and basketball. Drafted into the army and served in Germany."},{"id":"977","model":"narrator","index":"21 1071/{'value': 1182, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/977/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/977/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-ajah-1-2_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-ajah-1-2_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/977/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kenneth Narahara","bio":"Sansei male. Born December 16, 1936, in Oakland, California. Grew up in Alameda, California, where parents had a florist business. Immediately after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Japanese Americans were forced to leave Alameda, so the family split up and moved to Oakland. Removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. After leaving camp, temporarily lived in a Buddhist temple in Oakland before returning to Alameda, where father worked as a gardener and landscaper. Kenneth attended school in Alameda before graduating from business school and working for the Mitsui company in San Francisco."},{"id":"1083","model":"narrator","index":"22 1072/{'value': 1182, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1083/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1083/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-546_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-546_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1083/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ron Kenmotsu","bio":"Male, born October 18, 1943, at the Amache (Colorado River) concentration camp, Colorado. Grew up in San Francisco, California, where parents ran a hotel. At a young age, found out that he had been informally adopted at birth while at Amache. After high school, volunteered for the U.S. Army and served in Korea. While in the military, went through the formal adoption process with the family who had raised him. After serving, worked at the Federal Reserve and then for Wells Fargo Bank in their computer and technology department. Did not reveal his family history to his family until his sons were grown."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1021-6","model":"entity","index":"23 1073/{'value': 1182, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1021-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1021-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-6-3-mezzanine-4a06470cf5-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-6-3-mezzanine-4a06470cf5-a.jpg"},"title":"Jun Dairiki Interview","description":"Jun Dairiki was born in San Francisco in 1934 and was seven years old when the Japanese army attacked Pearl Harbor. Her family was sent to a detention center in Tanforan, then to the camp in Topaz, Utah. Dairiki remembers how her mother told her that, now that she was in camp, she was free of household duties such as cooking, washing, and paying bills. Dairiki also recalls meeting a lot of new people, making friends, and learning arts and crafts. After leaving the camp in 1945, her family went to Idaho relying on their friends, where her parents, in their fifties by then, learned how to farm. After graduating from high school, Dairiki went to Chicago where her sisters had been working. She attended a secretarial school at Northwestern University. After finishing the school, she worked for an insurance company in Indianapolis, then for a federal government office with a hope to be assigned to a branch in Europe. Her thought was that a stay in Europe would help her further her love of music, singing in particular. She was assigned to a Japanese office instead. After returning to San Francisco in 1957, she found a position in the Standard Oil Company, where she worked for forty-two years until her retirement. In 1963 she met her husband, Jack Dairiki, who is a US survivor of Hiroshima. Although they did not discuss the bomb in great details, they decided not to have children because of their concern about radiation effect. Dairiki also expressed her ambivalence toward the US decision to use the bomb, as she feels that Japanese Americans were sent to the concentration camp because of Japanese decision to attack the United States. Nonetheless, Jun supports Jack's work for US survivors' organization in San Francisco. Jun as a Nisei feels \"happy\" about how Sanseis in the 1970s and 1980s spoke up against the wartime incarceration of Japanese Americans, while she also recognizes that she \"might not have said much\" about the camp even if she \"might have felt that this was all wrong.\"","extent":"1:35:30","links_children":"ddr-densho-1021-6","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":556,"namepart":"Jun Dairiki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Naoko Wake"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"22-Jul-12","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Jun Dairiki narrator \nNaoko Wake interviewer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1021-6-3-mezzanine-4a06470cf5-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-56-169","model":"entity","index":"24 1074/{'value': 1182, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-169/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-56-169/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-169-mezzanine-6eeaaf7903-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-169-mezzanine-6eeaaf7903-a.jpg"},"title":"Aoki and Wife Happy in Their Reconciliation. Japanese, American Spouse, Baby and Mrs. Emery on Way to Los Angeles After Spending Day in Oakland. Girl and Her Mother Visit San Francisco. (June 19, 1910)","description":"The Seattle Daily Times, June 19, 1910, p. 1","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-56-169","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Seattle Times Company"}],"topics":[{"term":"Race and racism -- Cross-racial relations","id":"38"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Emery, Helen Gladys"},{"namepart":"Aoki, Gunjiro"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"periodical","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"June 19, 1910","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Seattle Times Company publisher Emery, Helen Gladys \nAoki, Gunjiro","download_large":"ddr-densho-56-169-mezzanine-6eeaaf7903-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"San Francisco","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}