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Mention of Japanese American children's lack of education; dislocation; concerns of agricultural investments; and personal disdain of the President's discrimination of Japanese Americans who are integral to the American community.","extent":"8.375W x 10.875H","links_children":"ddr-densho-498-5","creators":[{"role":"author","nr_id":"88922/nr008sp79","namepart":"Kanai, Lincoln Seiichi"}],"topics":[{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Japanese Y.M.C.A., San Francisco"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr008sp79","namepart":"Kanai, Lincoln Seiichi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"essay","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"March 28, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kanai, Lincoln Seiichi author 88922nr008sp79Japanese Y.M.C.A., San Francisco \nKanai, Lincoln Seiichi 88922nr008sp79","download_large":"ddr-densho-498-5-mezzanine-f87d96828b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-350-29","model":"entity","index":"16 2391/{'value': 4396, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-350-29/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-350-29/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-350/ddr-densho-350-29-mezzanine-0f84b3ffcf-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-350/ddr-densho-350-29-mezzanine-0f84b3ffcf-a.jpg"},"title":"\"Questions and Answers for Evacuees: Information Regarding the Relocation Program\"","description":"","extent":"3.5W x 6H","links_children":"ddr-densho-350-29","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"San Francisco, California","id":"10"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"pamphlet","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"c.1942-1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"War Relocation Authority publisher","download_large":"ddr-densho-350-29-mezzanine-0f84b3ffcf-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-manz-1-172","model":"entity","index":"17 2392/{'value': 4396, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-172/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-manz-1-172/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-manz-1/denshovh-ksadako-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-manz-1/denshovh-ksadako-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Sadako Nimura Kashiwagi Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born in Sacramento, California. Grew up in Newcastle, California, where parents were tenant farmers. During World War II, removed to the Marysville Assembly Center, California, and then to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Remained in Tule Lake when it was converted to a segregation center. After leaving camp, returned to California.","extent":"02:28:14","links_children":"ddr-manz-1-172","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":856,"namepart":"Sadako Nimura Kashiwagi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Kristen Luetkemeier"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Kristen Luetkemeier"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr010qc1w","namepart":"Nimura, Sadako"}],"contributor":"Manzanar National Historic Site Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"July 11, 2015","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Sadako Nimura Kashiwagi narrator \nKristen Luetkemeier interviewer \nKristen Luetkemeier videographer Nimura, Sadako 88922nr010qc1w","download_large":"denshovh-ksadako-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-9","model":"entity","index":"18 2393/{'value': 4396, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-hgordon_g-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-hgordon_g-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi - Jim Hirabayashi Interview","description":"This interview is with Gordon Hirabayashi and his brother Jim Hirabayashi, and focuses on Gordon's World War II experiences. Gordon defied the curfew and removal orders in 1942, and was arrested, convicted, and imprisoned. Gordon Hirabayashi's conviction was vacated in 1986.<p>(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film <i>Unfinished Business</i>. </p><p> This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:26:08","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-9","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":140,"namepart":"Jim Hirabayashi"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr014b913","namepart":"Hirabayashi, Akira James"}],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"December 3, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nJim Hirabayashi narrator Hirabayashi, Akira James 88922nr014b913","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon_g-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-14","model":"entity","index":"19 2394/{'value': 4396, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-blorraine-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-blorraine-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Lorraine Bannai Interview","description":"Sansei female. Born 1955 in Los Angeles, CA. Grew up in Gardena, CA, surrounded by a large Japanese American community. Influenced by father's role in community and politics, and mother's emphasis on education. Attended University of California, Santa Barbara where she became increasingly aware of Japanese American history, issues of ethnic identity and racial inequality. Attended the University of San Francisco School of Law where she honed her commitment to political and social activism. Only a few years out of law school, she joined a team of lawyers working to reopen the Supreme Court's 1944 decision in <i>Korematsu v. United States</i>. Convicted of violating the exclusion order during World War II, Mr. Korematsu's case went all the way to the Supreme Court where the exclusion and incarceration of Japanese Americans was upheld as constitutional, based on the government's argument of \"military necessity.\" Through a petition for writ of error <i>coram nobis</i> (establishing that the case was premised on errors of fact withheld from the judge and the defense by the prosecution), the legal team reopened the case, provided evidence that the factual underpinnings to the exclusion orders were fraudulent, and successfully had the <i>Korematsu</i> conviction vacated, as well as a handful of other similar convictions. In this interview, Ms. Bannai discusses the <i>coram nobis</i> legal team, the support for the effort among the Japanese American community, and personal lessons gained from being a part of this effort.<p>(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film <i>Unfinished Business</i>. </p><p> This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:08:03","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-14","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":112,"namepart":"Lorraine Bannai"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"October 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Lorraine Bannai narrator","download_large":"denshovh-blorraine-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-7","model":"entity","index":"20 2395/{'value': 4396, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-mdale-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-mdale-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Dale Minami Interview II","description":"Sansei male. Born in Los Angeles, California on October 13, 1946, and grew up in Gardena, California. Received B.A. in Political Science from University of Southern California, graduated magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa in 1968. Received J.D., 1971, from Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California. Mr. Minami was a co-founder of the Asian Law Caucus, Inc., a co-founder of the Asian Pacific American Bar Association of the Greater Bay Area, the Asian Pacific Bar of California and the Coalition of Asian Pacific Americans. He was involved in significant litigation affecting civil rights of Asian Pacific Americans and other minorities, including Korematsu v. United States, a lawsuit to overturn a 40 year old conviction for refusal to obey exclusion orders aimed at Japanese Americans during WWII, originally upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in landmark decisions; United Pilipinos for Affirmative Action v. California Blue Shield, the first class action employment lawsuit brought by Asian Pacific Americans on behalf of Asian Pacific Americans; Spokane JACL v. Washington State University, a class action on behalf of Asian Pacific Americans to establish an Asian American Studies program at Washington State University; and Nakanishi v. UCLA, a claim for unfair denial of tenure which resulted in the granting of tenure after widespread publicity over discrimination in academia. Mr. Minami represents Kristi Yamaguchi, the 1992 Olympic Gold Medal skater, playwright Philip Kan Gotanda, actor Lane Nishikawa, and others in the fields of media and entertainment. He is counsel to the National Asian American Telecommunications Association and the Asian American Journalists' Association. Mr. Minami has taught at University of California, Berkeley and Mills College in Oakland, CA and has been a Commissioner of the State of California's Fair Employment and Housing Commission, a Commissioner on the State Bar of California, Commission on Judicial Nominees Evaluation, the Chair of the Attorney General's Asian/Pacific Advisory Committee and a Member of Senator Barbara Boxer's Judicial Screening Committee. He was Chair of the Civil Liberties Public Education Fund Commission, appointed by President Clinton in 1994. Mr. Minami has received numerous awards including the State Bar President's Pro bono Service Award, an honorary Juris Doctor degree from the McGeorge School of Law, designation of a dormitory at the University of California at Santa Cruz as the \"Queen Liliuokalani-Minami\" Dormitory, awards from the Coro Foundation, the Japanese Cultural and Community Center of Northern California, the Harry Dow Memorial Fellowship in Boston, the Fred Korematsu Civil Rights Fund Award, the Organization of Chinese Americans, the Japanese American Youth Center and the Centro Legale de la Raza. Mr. Minami is a partner with Minami, Lew and Tamaki in San Francisco, and specializes in personal injury and entertainment law.<p>(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film <i>Unfinished Business</i>. </p><p> This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:14:50","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-7","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":134,"namepart":"Dale Minami"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"February 18, 1984","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Dale Minami narrator","download_large":"denshovh-mdale-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-13","model":"entity","index":"21 2396/{'value': 4396, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-13/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-13/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-kjim_g-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-kjim_g-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Jim Kajiwara - Sox Kitashima Interview","description":"This interview is with a Nisei couple who were married in 1942 and were incarcerated in the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and the Topaz concentration camp, Utah, during World War II.<p>(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film <i>Unfinished Business</i>. </p><p> This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:19:29","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-13","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":719,"namepart":"Jim Kajiwara"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":720,"namepart":"Sox Kitashima"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"December 11, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Jim Kajiwara narrator \nSox Kitashima narrator","download_large":"denshovh-kjim_g-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-17","model":"entity","index":"22 2397/{'value': 4396, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-droger-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-droger-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Roger Daniels Interview","description":"Caucasian male. Born December 1, 1927, in New York City, New York. Charles Phelps Taft Professor Emeritus of History, University of Cincinnati. Served as a consultant to the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians from 1981 to 1983. Has researched and written numerous books about the Japanese American experience, including <i>Prisoners Without Trial: Japanese Americans in World War II</i> and <i>American Concentration Camps: A Documentary History of the Relocation and Incarceration of Japanese Americans, 1941-1945</i>.<p>(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film <i>Unfinished Business</i>. </p><p> This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:33:15","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-17","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":166,"namepart":"Roger Daniels"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"November 18, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Roger Daniels narrator","download_large":"denshovh-droger-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-18","model":"entity","index":"23 2398/{'value': 4396, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-18/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-18/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-ysharon-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-ysharon-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Sharon Yuen Interview","description":"Sansei female. Born July 1945 in Seattle, Washington. Daughter of Gordon Hirabayashi.<p>(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film <i>Unfinished Business</i>. </p><p> This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:04:16","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-18","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":722,"namepart":"Sharon Yuen"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"October 26, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Sharon Yuen narrator","download_large":"denshovh-ysharon-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-12","model":"entity","index":"24 2399/{'value': 4396, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-12/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-12/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-hjim_g-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-hjim_g-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Jim Hirabayashi - Rick Shiomi Interview","description":"This interview is with Japanese Canadian playwright Rick Shiomi and Jim Hirabayashi, brother of Gordon Hirabayashi, who defied the curfew and removal orders in 1942, and was arrested, convicted, and imprisoned. Gordon Hirabayashi's conviction was vacated in 1986.<p>(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film <i>Unfinished Business</i>. </p><p> This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:16:48","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-12","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":140,"namepart":"Jim Hirabayashi"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":718,"namepart":"Rick Shiomi"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr014b913","namepart":"Hirabayashi, Akira James"}],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"October 27, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Jim Hirabayashi narrator \nRick Shiomi narrator Hirabayashi, Akira James 88922nr014b913","download_large":"denshovh-hjim_g-01-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"San Francisco, California","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}