(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:30:42","links_children":"ddr-one-7-30","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":697,"namepart":"Amy Tsugawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Dane Fujimoto"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tim Rooney"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"September 3, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Amy Tsugawa narrator \nDane Fujimoto interviewer \nTim Rooney videographer","download_large":"denshovh-tamy-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"132","model":"narrator","index":"4 404/{'value': 419, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/132/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/132/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kkara.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kkara.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/132/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kara Kondo","bio":"Nisei female. Born May 24, 1916, in the Yakima valley, Washington, and spent childhood in Wapato, Washington. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the North Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and then to the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Was on the staff of the camp newspaper, the Heart Mountain Sentinel. Left camp for Chicago, Illinois, and lived in Pennsylvania, Kentucky and Missouri before returning to Yakima, Washington. Became involved in political organization postwar, such as the League of Women Voters. Testified before the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians during the redress movement, and became actively involved in groups addressing environmental issues."},{"id":"ddr-one-7-17","model":"entity","index":"5 405/{'value': 419, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-7-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-7-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-uatami-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-uatami-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Atami Ueno Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born March 27, 1927, in Ola'a, Hawaii. Grew up in Ola'a until family moved to Hawaii just before World War II. Attended high school and college during in Japan and then had to work a factory to support the war effort. Witnessed the atomic bombing of Nagasaki. Worked for the military government in Japan, then eventually moved to Portland, Oregon, and worked for the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:05:11","links_children":"ddr-one-7-17","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":686,"namepart":"Atami Ueno"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Stephan Gilchrist"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tim Rooney"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"May 1, 2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Atami Ueno narrator \nStephan Gilchrist interviewer \nTim Rooney videographer","download_large":"denshovh-uatami-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-287-690","model":"entity","index":"6 406/{'value': 419, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-287-690/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-287-690/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-287/ddr-densho-287-690-mezzanine-cf492e804c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-287/ddr-densho-287-690-mezzanine-cf492e804c-a.jpg"},"title":"Class of 1938 Electrical Engineers","description":"Group photograph of 26 men. The image is of the Oregon State College (not Oregon State University) Electrical Engineering Class of 1938. Written on the image are the numbers 1-26. Identified: 1 Bob Welty 2 Milton Maeda 3 Fred Clausen 4 Vic Carson 5 Dan Smith 6 Dav Fulton 7 Dav Cox 8 Phil Brownell 9 Fred Dickson 10 Stan Bennett 11 Dick Johannsen 12 Hal Krogstad 13 Reo Faus 14 Jim Powell 15 Jack Hall 16 Prof. A. Albert 17 Francis Rose 18 Tom Hayes 19 Austin Angell 20 Don Snider 21 George Bennett 22 Vernon Seeley 23 Fred Zitzer 24 Fred Behrens 25 Bill Barclay 26 Emmett McCormick Inscribed on the image in the lower left corner is \"Portland ORE 11/23/1937\" Written on the album page below the image is \"Class of 1938 Electrical Engineers Oregon State College\" in black ink. Written on the album page below the image is: \"1 Bob Welty 2 3 Fred Clausen 4 Vic Carson 5 Dan Smith 6 Dav Fulton 7 Dav Cox 8 Phil Brownell 9 Fred Dickson 10 Stan Bennett 11 Dick Johannsen 12 Hal Krogstad 13 Reo Faus 14 Jim Powell 15 Jack Hall 16 Prof. A. Albert 17 Francis Rose 18 Tom Hayes 19 Austin Angell 20 Don Snider 21 George Bennett 22 Vernon Seeley 23 Fred Zitzer 24 Fred Behrens 25 Bill Barclay 26 Emmett McCormick","extent":"6.75W x 4.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-287-690","topics":[{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"Corvallis, Oregon","creation":"c. 1937","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-287-690-mezzanine-cf492e804c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-147","model":"entity","index":"7 407/{'value': 419, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-147/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-147/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-147-mezzanine-d7d53d6851-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-147-mezzanine-d7d53d6851-a.jpg"},"title":"U.S. Department of Justice Alien Enemy Questionnaire page 25 of 26.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified questionnaire used to determine if the person named is to be considered an enemy alien. This page covers questions 103a - 108 of 111. These questions seek additional information on all the organizations that Koyama is affiliated with. They ask for how long he has been involved in the organizations, if the collect dues, how the money is used, and if the money is used abroad. One question asks if he reads any foreign language newspapers and he lists the Oregon News out of Portland and the North American Times out of Seattle, Washington. For the last question on his family's involvement in other organizations, he lists the Japanese M.E. Church for his wife and the Young Men's Christian Association and the Boy Scouts of America for his son, William Koyama.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H; NDD978084","links_children":"ddr-one-5-147","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Administration","id":"401"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"U.S. Department of Justice"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"blank_form","creation":"January 24, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Keizaburo author Koyama, Keizaburo \nU.S. Department of Justice","download_large":"ddr-one-5-147-mezzanine-d7d53d6851-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-7-56","model":"entity","index":"8 408/{'value': 419, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-7-56/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-7-56/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-oetsuko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-oetsuko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Etsuko Ichikawa Osaki Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born February 19, 1931, in Fresno, California. Family moved to Seattle, Washington, where father became minister of the Seattle Buddhist Temple. During the war, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Transferred to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, to be reunited with father, who was arrested by the FBI after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. After the war, returned to Seattle, where parents reestablished the Buddhist temple. Etsuko and her family eventually moved to Portland, Oregon.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:44:43","links_children":"ddr-one-7-56","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":763,"namepart":"Etsuko Ichikawa Osaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Valerie Otani"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Ian McCluskey"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zx8t","namepart":"Ichikawa, Etsuko"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Portland, Oregon","creation":"December 17, 2013","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Etsuko Ichikawa Osaki narrator \nValerie Otani interviewer \nIan McCluskey videographer Ichikawa, Etsuko 88922nr015zx8t","download_large":"denshovh-oetsuko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-112","model":"entity","index":"9 409/{'value': 419, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-112/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-112/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-112-mezzanine-15d8b55736-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-112-mezzanine-15d8b55736-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter written on behalf of Keizaburo Koyama by Mr. and Mrs. A.C. Goodenough. Page 1 of 4.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified letter written to Dr. William G. Everson, President of Linnfield College in McMinneville, Oregon and Chairman of the Alien Enemy Hearing Board by Mr. and Mrs. A.C. Goodenough. This is the first page of a four page letter. They are writing in response to a letter by Mrs. Alice Nichols of Seattle, Washington about Dr. Koyama. They state that they have known the Koyamas for 14 years, first meeting them when they were newly married and with a small child. The Goodenoughs mention that Dr. Koyama was still in dental school and that his wife, though Japanese, was very Americanized. Mrs. Nichols was acquaintances with the Koyamas and introduced them to the Goodenoughs shortly after the Koyamas left Seattle for Portland. Soon after arriving, Mrs. Koyama became ill and the Goodenoughs stepped in to help the family.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-112","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Goodenough, Mrs. A.C."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Support from the non-Japanese American community","id":"80"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Goodenough, Mrs. A.C."},{"namepart":"Goodenough, Mr. A.C."},{"namepart":"Nichols, Alice"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Dr. Kei"},{"namepart":"Everson, Dr. William G."}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Seattle","id":"293"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Portland, Oregon","creation":"January 21, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Goodenough, Mrs. A.C. author Goodenough, Mrs. A.C. \nGoodenough, Mr. A.C. \nNichols, Alice \nKoyama, Dr. Kei \nEverson, Dr. William G.","download_large":"ddr-one-5-112-mezzanine-15d8b55736-a.jpg"},{"id":"85","model":"narrator","index":"10 410/{'value': 419, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/85/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/85/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/stad.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/stad.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/85/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tad Sato","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 9, 1922, in Portland, Oregon. Moved to Seattle with father after parents divorced. Grew up in Seattle's Nihonmachi where father ran a secondhand store. Disinterested in college after seeing a lack of employment opportunities for graduating Japanese Americans. Went to work for Great Northern Railway, laying and maintaining tracks on the West Coast. At war's onset, Great Northern brought its Japanese workers together in a segregated gang outside the restricted zone, so he continued to work for the railroad, thus avoiding incarceration in a War Relocation Authority camp. While away, father was picked up by the FBI, and then sent to Kooskia internment camp, Idaho, where he was held throughout the war. Drafted into military service in 1945. Returned to Great Northern and was promoted through the ranks in the accounting department despite running into workplace discrimination."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-273","model":"entity","index":"11 411/{'value': 419, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-273/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-273/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-smarjorie-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-smarjorie-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Marjorie Matsushita Sperling Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born July 27, 1922, in Wapato, Washington. Grew up in Wapato, where family ran a farm. Was attending the University of Washington when the war broke out on December 7, 1941. Removed with family to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. While in camp, worked for the recreation department. Left camp and attended college in St. Paul, Minnesota. After the war, became very active in the field of recreation, as well as with community and educational groups. Involved in efforts to preserve the sites of the wartime incarceration camps.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:58:51","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-273","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":453,"namepart":"Marjorie Matsushita Sperling"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0090d9r","namepart":"Matsushita, Marjorie Maruji"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Culver City, California","creation":"February 24, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Marjorie Matsushita Sperling narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Matsushita, Marjorie Maruji 88922nr0090d9r","download_large":"denshovh-smarjorie-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-82","model":"entity","index":"12 412/{'value': 419, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-82/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-82/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-stad-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-stad-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tad Sato Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born May 9, 1922, in Portland, Oregon. Moved to Seattle with father after parents divorced. Grew up in Seattle's Nihonmachi where father ran a secondhand store. Disinterested in college after seeing a lack of employment opportunities for graduating Japanese Americans. Went to work for Great Northern Railway, laying and maintaining tracks on the West Coast. At war's onset, Great Northern brought its Japanese workers together in a segregated gang outside the restricted zone, so he continued to work for the railroad, thus avoiding incarceration in a War Relocation Authority camp. While away, father was picked up by the FBI, and then sent to Kooskia internment camp, Idaho, where he was held throughout the war. Drafted into military service in 1945. Returned to Great Northern and was promoted through the ranks in the accounting department despite running into workplace discrimination.
(Due to technical difficulties, this interview has audio problems in its second half.)","extent":"01:37:40","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-82","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":85,"namepart":"Tad Sato"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Stephen Fugita"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"August 15, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tad Sato narrator \nStephen Fugita interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer","download_large":"denshovh-stad-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-101","model":"entity","index":"13 413/{'value': 419, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-101/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-101/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-101-mezzanine-7c94cbe870-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-101-mezzanine-7c94cbe870-a.jpg"},"title":"Case file for Keizaburo Koyama from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Page 4 of 6.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified report on Keizaburo Koyama. The page starts with a review of the 1928 census which states that Koyama entered the United States in December of 1918 and that he has a wife, a son named Katsumi, and two daughters named Eva and Kes. Myron Johnston, a neighbor of Koyama, tracked Koyama's family schedule and noted that Koyama often came home around 11 or 12 o'clock and that his wife and kids attended the local Methodist Church. Johnston stated that Koyama considered the Japanese-Chinese war as undiplomatic on Japan's part and that it was instigated by a small military group and was not desired by most Japanese. Johnston went on to say that Koyama sends his son to the Japanese language school. Johnston said he and Koyama have golfed together on several occasions and that he has never heard of Koyama disparaging the United States, but should Koyama start asking suspicious questions, Johnston would inform the police immediately. The report notes that on December 10, 1941 at 4:00, Koyama was picked up by Lieutenant William Browne and Officer Lawrence P. O'Halloran. They did a complete search of Koyama's office and cataloged the evidence they collected. Koyama provided written permission for the search. He was then delivered to Immigrant Inspector Louis C. Hafferman at the U.S. Court House, Portland, Oregon at 4:30 PM. He was interrogated by Inspector Clarence J. Wise.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-101","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Quinn, Vincent M."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Quinn, Vincent M."},{"namepart":"Johnston, Myron"},{"namepart":"Browne, William"},{"namepart":"O'Halloran, Lawrence P."},{"namepart":"Hafferman, Louis C."},{"namepart":"Wise, Clarence J."},{"namepart":"Koyama"},{"namepart":"Portland Police Department"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"January 14, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Quinn, Vincent M. author Quinn, Vincent M. \nJohnston, Myron \nBrowne, William \nO'Halloran, Lawrence P. \nHafferman, Louis C. \nWise, Clarence J. \nKoyama \nPortland Police Department","download_large":"ddr-one-5-101-mezzanine-7c94cbe870-a.jpg"},{"id":"965","model":"narrator","index":"14 414/{'value': 419, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/965/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/965/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/965/interviews/"},"display_name":"Keiko Shinmoto","bio":"Keiko Shinmoto's father migrated from Hiroshima to Portland, Oregon, where his brother was an owner of a grocery store. After returning to Hiroshima to see his ailing father, Keiko's father found it impossible to return to America as his mother hid his passport to keep him in Japan. Shortly, Keiko's mother joined him in Hiroshima, also her hometown. Unlike her eight older siblings, then, Keiko was born in Japan, in 1936. She recalls the challenge of being sent to the countryside at the age of eight as part of shudan sokai, a wartime program for children aiming to protect the youth from fire bombings in cities. The food shortage and black market called yamiichi that flourished after the war, too, left Keiko a strong impression. She is a nyushi survivor, as she was exposed to radiation by walking through the city of Hiroshima three days after the bombing. She lost one of her older sisters to the bomb. She came to the United States in 1960 with a help of her US-born brother, by then living in Los Angeles. She relearned English from her father who was also back in the United States and in the area at that time. Keiko attended a technical college to study design while working as a \"schoolgirl\" and worked briefly in Beverly Hills as a dressmaker before she married Nisei from Stockton. A former prisoner of the Gila River War Relocation Center, he worked as a mechanic at Chevrolet after the war and became an owner of a car repair shop. Keiko helped the shop's book keeping, while she also raised two children and worked at a grocery store in order to pay for her health insurance. At the time of the interview, Keiko had just joined a biannual medical checkup conducted by Hiroshima physicians in San Francisco for the first time because of the encouragement by another US survivor. After her husband passed away in 1998, she has been enjoying talking with her children, going to a Buddhist church in Stockton, and keeping in touch with her Nisei friends."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1021-3","model":"entity","index":"15 415/{'value': 419, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1021-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1021-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-3-1-mezzanine-701b9f69a1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-3-1-mezzanine-701b9f69a1-a.jpg"},"title":"Keiko Shinmoto Interview","description":"Keiko Shinmoto's father migrated from Hiroshima to Portland, Oregon, where his brother was an owner of a grocery store. After returning to Hiroshima to see his ailing father, Keiko's father found it impossible to return to America as his mother hid his passport to keep him in Japan. Shortly, Keiko's mother joined him in Hiroshima, also her hometown. Unlike her eight older siblings, then, Keiko was born in Japan, in 1936. She recalls the challenge of being sent to the countryside at the age of eight as part of shudan sokai, a wartime program for children aiming to protect the youth from fire bombings in cities. The food shortage and black market called yamiichi that flourished after the war, too, left Keiko a strong impression. She is a nyushi survivor, as she was exposed to radiation by walking through the city of Hiroshima three days after the bombing. She lost one of her older sisters to the bomb. She came to the United States in 1960 with a help of her US-born brother, by then living in Los Angeles. She relearned English from her father who was also back in the United States and in the area at that time. Keiko attended a technical college to study design while working as a \"schoolgirl\" and worked briefly in Beverly Hills as a dressmaker before she married Nisei from Stockton. A former prisoner of the Gila River War Relocation Center, he worked as a mechanic at Chevrolet after the war and became an owner of a car repair shop. Keiko helped the shop's book keeping, while she also raised two children and worked at a grocery store in order to pay for her health insurance. At the time of the interview, Keiko had just joined a biannual medical checkup conducted by Hiroshima physicians in San Francisco for the first time because of the encouragement by another US survivor. After her husband passed away in 1998, she has been enjoying talking with her children, going to a Buddhist church in Stockton, and keeping in touch with her Nisei friends.","extent":"1:38:22","links_children":"ddr-densho-1021-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":965,"namepart":"Keiko Shinmoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Naoko Wake"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Stockton, California","creation":"25-Jul-11","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Keiko Shinmoto narrator \nNaoko Wake interviewer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1021-3-1-mezzanine-701b9f69a1-a.jpg"},{"id":"124","model":"narrator","index":"16 416/{'value': 419, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/124/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/124/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hbill.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hbill.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/124/interviews/"},"display_name":"Bill Hosokawa","bio":"Nisei male. Born in Seattle on January 30, 1915, and attended Washington grade school, Garfield High School and the University of Washington. He grew up as a typical Nisei, working summers in Alaska salmon canneries and Western Avenue produce brokerages to pay for his education. He became interested in writing at Garfield where he was sports editor of the school paper. While attending the University he worked at the weekly Japanese American Courier published by the late Jimmie Sakamoto. A faculty adviser at the University urged Hosokawa to drop out of the journalism school \"because no newspaper in the country would hire a Japanese boy.\" Hosokawa rejected the advice, but when he graduated in 1937 he found the professor was right. After working as a male secretary writing letters, Hosokawa and his bride, the former Alice Miyake of Portland, Oregon, went to Singapore in 1938 to help launch an English language daily. A year and a half later Hosokawa moved to Shanghai to work on an American-owned monthly magazine, the Far Eastern Review. Then, sensing the inevitability of war, he returned to Seattle in 1941 just five weeks before the attack on Pearl Harbor. When war came, Hosokawa served as executive director of Seattle JACL's Emergency Defense Council helping people in the community to cope. He and his family were removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington. When other Seattleites were moved to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, Hosokawa and his wife and infant son were sent to Heart Mountain, Wyoming. Later, he learned he had been separated from his Seattle friends because he was considered a potential troublemaker. He was in Heart Mountain for 14 months, working as editor of the camp newspaper, the Heart Mountain Sentinel, before being released to join the Des Moines, Iowa Register in 1943. In 1946 he moved to Denver to work on the Denver Post. In 38 years at The Post he held such assignments as executive news editor, assistant managing editor and Sunday editor. He covered the Japanese peace treaty in San Francisco in 1951, the Summit meeting in Paris in 1960 and the Zengakuren student riots in Japan that same year. He also had assignments as war correspondent in Korea and Vietnam, and for 17 years was editor of Empire, the Post's prize-winning Sunday magazine. For his last seven years at the Post Hosokawa was editor of the editorial page -- a Japanese American imprisoned during World War II as a potential security risk who now directed the opinion section of a major American newspaper. After retiring from the Post in 1984 he served the Rocky Mountain News as ombudsman columnist for seven years. Hosokawa has taught journalism classes at the University of Colorado, University of Northern Colorado and University of Wyoming. He wrote a weekly comment column called \"From the Frying Pan\" in JACL's weekly Pacific Citizen from 1942 until 1999. Among other honors, Hosokawa is a former president of the American Association of Sunday and Feature Editors and a member of that organization's Hall of Fame, a charter member of the Denver Press Club Hall of Fame. He was named JACL's Nisei of the Biennium in 1958, and has published 12 books. Hosokawa and his wife Alice, who died in 1998, had four children."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-129","model":"entity","index":"17 417/{'value': 419, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-129/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-129/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hbill-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hbill-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Bill Hosokawa Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born in Seattle on January 30, 1915, and attended Washington grade school, Garfield High School and the University of Washington. He grew up as a typical Nisei, working summers in Alaska salmon canneries and Western Avenue produce brokerages to pay for his education. He became interested in writing at Garfield where he was sports editor of the school paper. While attending the University he worked at the weekly Japanese American Courier published by the late Jimmie Sakamoto. A faculty adviser at the University urged Hosokawa to drop out of the journalism school \"because no newspaper in the country would hire a Japanese boy.\" Hosokawa rejected the advice, but when he graduated in 1937 he found the professor was right. After working as a male secretary writing letters, Hosokawa and his bride, the former Alice Miyake of Portland, Oregon, went to Singapore in 1938 to help launch an English language daily. A year and a half later Hosokawa moved to Shanghai to work on an American-owned monthly magazine, the Far Eastern Review. Then, sensing the inevitability of war, he returned to Seattle in 1941 just five weeks before the attack on Pearl Harbor. When war came, Hosokawa served as executive director of Seattle JACL's Emergency Defense Council helping people in the community to cope. He and his family were removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington. When other Seattleites were moved to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, Hosokawa and his wife and infant son were sent to Heart Mountain, Wyoming. Later, he learned he had been separated from his Seattle friends because he was considered a potential troublemaker. He was in Heart Mountain for 14 months, working as editor of the camp newspaper, the Heart Mountain Sentinel, before being released to join the Des Moines, Iowa Register in 1943. In 1946 he moved to Denver to work on the Denver Post. In 38 years at The Post he held such assignments as executive news editor, assistant managing editor and Sunday editor. He covered the Japanese peace treaty in San Francisco in 1951, the Summit meeting in Paris in 1960 and the Zengakuren student riots in Japan that same year. He also had assignments as war correspondent in Korea and Vietnam, and for 17 years was editor of Empire, the Post's prize-winning Sunday magazine. For his last seven years at the Post Hosokawa was editor of the editorial page -- a Japanese American imprisoned during World War II as a potential security risk who now directed the opinion section of a major American newspaper. After retiring from the Post in 1984 he served the Rocky Mountain News as ombudsman columnist for seven years. Hosokawa has taught journalism classes at the University of Colorado, University of Northern Colorado and University of Wyoming. He wrote a weekly comment column called \\\"From the Frying Pan\\\" in JACL's weekly Pacific Citizen from 1942 until 1999. Among other honors, Hosokawa is a former president of the American Association of Sunday and Feature Editors and a member of that organization's Hall of Fame, a charter member of the Denver Press Club Hall of Fame. He was named JACL's Nisei of the Biennium in 1958, and has published 12 books. 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Born in Seattle on January 30, 1915, and attended Washington grade school, Garfield High School and the University of Washington. He grew up as a typical Nisei, working summers in Alaska salmon canneries and Western Avenue produce brokerages to pay for his education. He became interested in writing at Garfield where he was sports editor of the school paper. While attending the University he worked at the weekly Japanese American Courier published by the late Jimmie Sakamoto. A faculty adviser at the University urged Hosokawa to drop out of the journalism school \"because no newspaper in the country would hire a Japanese boy.\" Hosokawa rejected the advice, but when he graduated in 1937 he found the professor was right. After working as a male secretary writing letters, Hosokawa and his bride, the former Alice Miyake of Portland, Oregon, went to Singapore in 1938 to help launch an English language daily. A year and a half later Hosokawa moved to Shanghai to work on an American-owned monthly magazine, the Far Eastern Review. Then, sensing the inevitability of war, he returned to Seattle in 1941 just five weeks before the attack on Pearl Harbor. When war came, Hosokawa served as executive director of Seattle JACL's Emergency Defense Council helping people in the community to cope. He and his family were removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington. When other Seattleites were moved to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, Hosokawa and his wife and infant son were sent to Heart Mountain, Wyoming. Later, he learned he had been separated from his Seattle friends because he was considered a potential troublemaker. He was in Heart Mountain for 14 months, working as editor of the camp newspaper, the Heart Mountain Sentinel, before being released to join the Des Moines, Iowa Register in 1943. In 1946 he moved to Denver to work on the Denver Post. In 38 years at The Post he held such assignments as executive news editor, assistant managing editor and Sunday editor. He covered the Japanese peace treaty in San Francisco in 1951, the Summit meeting in Paris in 1960 and the Zengakuren student riots in Japan that same year. He also had assignments as war correspondent in Korea and Vietnam, and for 17 years was editor of Empire, the Post's prize-winning Sunday magazine. For his last seven years at the Post Hosokawa was editor of the editorial page -- a Japanese American imprisoned during World War II as a potential security risk who now directed the opinion section of a major American newspaper. After retiring from the Post in 1984 he served the Rocky Mountain News as ombudsman columnist for seven years. Hosokawa has taught journalism classes at the University of Colorado, University of Northern Colorado and University of Wyoming. He wrote a weekly comment column called \"From the Frying Pan\" in JACL's weekly Pacific Citizen from 1942 until 1999. Among other honors, Hosokawa is a former president of the American Association of Sunday and Feature Editors and a member of that organization's Hall of Fame, a charter member of the Denver Press Club Hall of Fame. He was named JACL's Nisei of the Biennium in 1958, and has published 12 books. 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