(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"00:45:44","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-5","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr004xx71","namepart":"Emi, Frank Seishi"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Gabriel, California","creation":"February 23, 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer Emi, Frank Seishi 88922nr004xx71","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"514","model":"narrator","index":"1 76/{'value': 92, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/514/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/514/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sbacon.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sbacon.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/514/interviews/"},"display_name":"Bacon Sakatani","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 23, 1929, in El Monte, California. Grew up in El Monte, before being removed with family during World War II to the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Returned to California after leaving camp, and opened a produce market and did gardening work. Active with various Japanese American causes such as the Heart Mountain Wyoming Foundation."},{"id":"433","model":"narrator","index":"2 77/{'value': 92, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/433/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/433/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kdorothy.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kdorothy.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/433/interviews/"},"display_name":"Dorothy Kuwaye","bio":"Nisei female. Born May 7, 1928, in Covina, California. At young age, suffered an accident in which she was hit by a car, and was raised by a non-Japanese American family. During World War II, rejoined biological family in the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Lived for a time in New York after leaving camp, and eventually returned to California."},{"id":"916","model":"narrator","index":"3 78/{'value': 92, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/916/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/916/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-470_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-470_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/916/interviews/"},"display_name":"Amy Iwasaki Mass","bio":"Nisei female. Born July 5, 1935, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Los Angeles, where father ran a produce business. During World War II, removed to the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. After leaving camp, returned to family home in Los Angeles. Became a social worker, one of the few Japanese American women in the field at that time."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-42","model":"collection","index":"4 79/{'value': 92, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-42/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-42/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-42/ddr-csujad-42-1-mezzanine-982158bfc9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-42/ddr-csujad-42-1-mezzanine-982158bfc9-a.jpg"},"title":"CSU Dominguez Hills Takano Family Papers","description":"The Takano Family Papers contains materials from members of the Takano Family in Los Angeles, California, including Issei immigrants, Itsuhei and Tomoyo Takano and Kumaji and Tsuruno Meguro, and their Nisei children, Fumio Fred and Yoneko Takano. The papers covers from prewar through post-war, including the period of the forced evacuation and incarceration during the war and the redress movement in 1980s. The papers consists of correspondence, photographs, camp newspapers, yearbooks and other documents. Noted are photographs depicting the Japanese American community in Colorado in 1930s, including photos of Japanese Young People’s Christian members and schoolchildren and staff of a Japanese school and public schools. There are also documents regarding a real property in Los Angeles, California, which Fumio Fred Takano purchased in 1938, and his legal documents and letters present his efforts to protect the property during the war with the support of his non-Japanese American friend. Included are also letters depicting his struggles to be granted the indefinite leave permit from the Gila River incarceration camp in Arizona, as a consequence of his answers to “loyalty questions, no. 27 and 28.” In addition, the Issei parents’ letters describe their experiences, detailing the trip from the Pomona Assembly Center to the Heart Mountain incarceration camp in Wyoming, camp life and living conditions, and returning to California after the war.","extent":"1.66 linear feet","links_children":"ddr-csujad-42","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","public":"1","rights":"nocc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-42-1-mezzanine-982158bfc9-a.jpg"},{"id":"444","model":"narrator","index":"5 80/{'value': 92, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/444/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/444/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/oart.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/oart.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/444/interviews/"},"display_name":"Art Okuno","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 15, 1921, in San Francisco, California. Grew up in San Francisco, and was attending the University of California at Berkeley when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Removed with family to the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. While in Heart Mountain, served as scoutmaster for a Boy Scout troop. After leaving camp, eventually returned to San Francisco, was drafted, and served one year in the military."},{"id":"1008","model":"narrator","index":"6 81/{'value': 92, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1008/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1008/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-516_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-516_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1008/interviews/"},"display_name":"Sam Mihara","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 1, 1933, in San Francisco, California. Grew up in San Francisco's Japantown, where father edited a bilingual newspaper. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. After leaving camp, lived for a time in Salt Lake City, Utah, before returning home to San Francisco. Graduated from UC Berkeley and worked for Boeing. In retirement, traveled all over the U.S. and internationally speaking about World War II experiences."},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-9","model":"entity","index":"7 82/{'value': 92, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kdave-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kdave-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Dave Kawamoto Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born December 16, 1916, in Cupertino, California. Attended San Jose State College, where he was an NCAA wrestling champion. Immediately after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, tried to enlist in the U.S. Air Corps, but was refused on account of his Japanese ancestry. Was one semester short of earning a business degree when he was removed with his family to the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Was one of the Heart Mountain resisters of conscience, and stood trial in Cheyenne, Wyoming, for resisting the draft in 1944. After World War II, went into civil service and a fruit-selling business. Mr. Kawamoto was posthumously awarded his business degree from San Jose State.
(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"00:40:47","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-9","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":155,"namepart":"Dave Kawamoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008tt0q","namepart":"Kawamoto, Dave Tetsutaro"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Dave Kawamoto narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer Kawamoto, Dave Tetsutaro 88922nr008tt0q","download_large":"denshovh-kdave-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"505","model":"narrator","index":"8 83/{'value': 92, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/505/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/505/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/htakashi_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/htakashi_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/505/interviews/"},"display_name":"Takashi Hoshizaki","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 3, 1925, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Los Angeles, where parents owned and operated a produce store. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. While in Heart Mountain, decided to resist the draft, and attended meetings of the Fair Play Committee. Tried for draft resistance, and served two years at the McNeil Island federal penitentiary. After the war, was pardoned by President Truman along with all of the other Japanese American wartime draft resisters."},{"id":"142","model":"narrator","index":"9 84/{'value': 92, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/142/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/142/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/efrank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/efrank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/142/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Emi","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 23, 1916, in Los Angeles, California. Attended Los Angeles City College for one year before leaving to run the family produce business. Married and had a daughter before being removed to Pomona Assembly Center, California, and Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. The leader of Heart Mountain's Fair Play Committee, was convicted of resisting the draft, and was imprisoned for eighteen months at Leavenworth, Kansas. After leaving prison, worked for the U.S. post office and the California state unemployment office. Mr. Emi practiced judo as a young person before the war, and postwar, taught at the Hollywood Judo Dojo."},{"id":"107","model":"narrator","index":"10 85/{'value': 92, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/107/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/107/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yjimi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yjimi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/107/interviews/"},"display_name":"Jimi Yamaichi","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 27, 1922. Grew up in San Jose, California, where his father had a farming operation. Incarcerated in the Pomona Assembly Center, Heart Mountain concentration camp and Tule Lake Segregation Center. Worked on an engineering crew on the Shoshone Dam, and later was a carpentry foreman in Tule Lake. Was in Tule during the riots, and during the imposition of the draft. He chose to resist the draft, and unlike other draft resisters, was exonerated of all charges by a judge in Eureka, California. After the war, conducted walking tours of the Tule Lake grounds during reunions organized by the Tule Lake Pilgrimage Committee."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-528","model":"entity","index":"11 86/{'value': 92, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-528/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-528/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-528-1-mezzanine-17f802a9d8-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-528-1-mezzanine-17f802a9d8-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Abe Interview I","description":"Sansei male. Born 1951 in Cleveland, Ohio. During World War II, father was incarcerated the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentratin camp, Wyoming. Mother came to the United States from Japan in 1950. Frank grew up in Cleveland, where his parents owned a boarding house. Earned a B.A. in theater directing from the University of California at Santa Cruz and received professional actors' training at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco. An original member of the Asian American Theater Workshop in San Francisco. Helped organize the first Day of Remembrance event in Seattle in 1978. Instrumental in creating the National Council for Japanese American Redress in Seattle. Worked as a reporter for KIRO Newsradio in Seattle, and was the co-founder of the Seattle chapter of the Asian American Journalists Association. Later worked as Director of Communications for the King County Executive in Seattle. Filmmaker who made the documentary Conscience and the Constitution with Shannon Gee, author of JOHN OKADA: The Life & Rediscovered Work of the Author of No-No Boy, and lead author of the graphic novel, We Hereby Refuse.","extent":"3:10:12","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-528","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":1018,"namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Nina Wallace"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"February 3, 2023","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Abe narrator \nNina Wallace interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-528-1-mezzanine-17f802a9d8-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-531","model":"entity","index":"12 87/{'value': 92, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-531/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-531/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-531-1-mezzanine-b370daf01b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-531-1-mezzanine-b370daf01b-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Abe Interview III","description":"Sansei male. Born 1951 in Cleveland, Ohio. During World War II, father was incarcerated the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentratin camp, Wyoming. Mother came to the United States from Japan in 1950. Frank grew up in Cleveland, where his parents owned a boarding house. Earned a B.A. in theater directing from the University of California at Santa Cruz and received professional actors' training at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco. An original member of the Asian American Theater Workshop in San Francisco. Helped organize the first Day of Remembrance event in Seattle in 1978. Instrumental in creating the National Council for Japanese American Redress in Seattle. Worked as a reporter for KIRO Newsradio in Seattle, and was the co-founder of the Seattle chapter of the Asian American Journalists Association. Later worked as Director of Communications for the King County Executive in Seattle. Filmmaker who made the documentary Conscience and the Constitution with Shannon Gee, author of JOHN OKADA: The Life & Rediscovered Work of the Author of No-No Boy, and lead author of the graphic novel, We Hereby Refuse.","extent":"2:25:16","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-531","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":1018,"namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Nina Wallace"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"March 17, 2023","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Abe narrator \nNina Wallace interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-531-1-mezzanine-b370daf01b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-530","model":"entity","index":"13 88/{'value': 92, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-530/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-530/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-530-1-mezzanine-20d2529b6a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-530-1-mezzanine-20d2529b6a-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Abe Interview II","description":"Sansei male. Born 1951 in Cleveland, Ohio. During World War II, father was incarcerated the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentratin camp, Wyoming. Mother came to the United States from Japan in 1950. Frank grew up in Cleveland, where his parents owned a boarding house. Earned a B.A. in theater directing from the University of California at Santa Cruz and received professional actors' training at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco. An original member of the Asian American Theater Workshop in San Francisco. Helped organize the first Day of Remembrance event in Seattle in 1978. Instrumental in creating the National Council for Japanese American Redress in Seattle. Worked as a reporter for KIRO Newsradio in Seattle, and was the co-founder of the Seattle chapter of the Asian American Journalists Association. Later worked as Director of Communications for the King County Executive in Seattle. Filmmaker who made the documentary Conscience and the Constitution with Shannon Gee, author of JOHN OKADA: The Life & Rediscovered Work of the Author of No-No Boy, and lead author of the graphic novel, We Hereby Refuse.","extent":"2:46:36","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-530","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":1018,"namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Nina Wallace"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"March 14, 2023","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Abe narrator \nNina Wallace interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-530-1-mezzanine-20d2529b6a-a.jpg"},{"id":"155","model":"narrator","index":"14 89/{'value': 92, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/155/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/155/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kdave.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kdave.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/155/interviews/"},"display_name":"Dave Kawamoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born December 16, 1916, in Cupertino, California. Attended San Jose State College, where he was an NCAA wrestling champion. Immediately after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, tried to enlist in the U.S. Air Corps, but was refused on account of his Japanese ancestry. Was one semester short of earning a business degree when he was removed with his family to the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Was one of the Heart Mountain resisters of conscience, and stood trial in Cheyenne, Wyoming, for resisting the draft in 1944. After World War II, went into civil service and a fruit-selling business. Mr. Kawamoto passed away in 1993, and was posthumously awarded his business degree from San Jose State."},{"id":"900","model":"narrator","index":"15 90/{'value': 92, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/900/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/900/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-452_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-452_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/900/interviews/"},"display_name":"Bob Suzuki","bio":"Nisei-han male. Born January 2, 1936, in Portland, Oregon, where father worked for the railroad. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, family moved to a small community outside of Spokane, Washington, to farm. Went to UC Berkeley and Caltech, then taught at the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Southern California. He served as chair of the National Education Commission of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL), and vice chair of the Community Advisory Committee for the Desegregation of the Pasadena Schools. Held several positions in academic administration including Dean of Graduate Studies and Research at California State University, Los Angeles, Vice President for Academic Affairs at California State University, Northridge, and President of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona."},{"id":"1018","model":"narrator","index":"16 91/{'value': 92, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1018/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1018/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-528_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-528_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1018/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Abe","bio":"Sansei male. Born 1951 in Cleveland, Ohio. During World War II, father was incarcerated the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentratin camp, Wyoming. Mother came to the United States from Japan in 1950. Frank grew up in Cleveland, where his parents owned a boarding house. Earned a B.A. in theater directing from the University of California at Santa Cruz and received professional actors' training at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco. An original member of the Asian American Theater Workshop in San Francisco. Helped organize the first Day of Remembrance event in Seattle in 1978. Instrumental in creating the National Council for Japanese American Redress in Seattle. Worked as a reporter for KIRO Newsradio in Seattle, and was the co-founder of the Seattle chapter of the Asian American Journalists Association. Later worked as Director of Communications for the King County Executive in Seattle. Filmmaker who made the documentary Conscience and the Constitution with Shannon Gee, author of JOHN OKADA: The Life & Rediscovered Work of the Author of No-No Boy, and lead author of the graphic novel, We Hereby Refuse."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Pomona Assembly Center, California","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}