(This interview was conducted at the senator's office in Honolulu, Hawaii, as part of a series of interviews with veterans attending the 1998 Americans of Japanese Ancestry Veterans National Convention held in Honolulu, Hawaii. Because of the full conference schedule, the interviews were generally shorter in length than the typical Densho interview and concentrated on a single topic, namely, the individual's military service during World War II.)","extent":"01:13:59","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-28","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":32,"namepart":"Daniel Inouye"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Beverly Kashino"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"June 30, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Daniel Inouye narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nBeverly Kashino interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer","download_large":"denshovh-idaniel-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-92","model":"entity","index":"1 226/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-92/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-92/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-trudy-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-trudy-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Rudy Tokiwa Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born July 7, 1925, near San Jose. Grew up in Salinas, California, until he went to Japan at the age of thirteen. Studied in Japan until about 1939. Incarcerated at the Salinas Assembly Center, California, and Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Volunteered out of camp to serve in the U.S. military. Fought in Europe as a battalion runner for the all-Japanese American 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Single-handedly captured a group of German officers, fought in the famous \"Battle of the Lost Battalion,\" and was present at the liberation of Bruyeres. Was recruited to lobby Congress for passage of the 1988 Civil Liberties Act as a representative for Nikkei veterans, and proved invaluable in garnering support among particularly resistant members of Congress.
(This interview was conducted at the 1998 Americans of Japanese Ancestry Veterans National Convention, held in Honolulu, Hawaii.)","extent":"05:46:21","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-92","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":92,"namepart":"Rudy Tokiwa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Judy Niizawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery/Larry Hashima"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr011tw3j","namepart":"Tokiwa, Kazuo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"July 2 - 3, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Rudy Tokiwa narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nJudy Niizawa interviewer \nMatt Emery/Larry Hashima videographer Tokiwa, Kazuo 88922nr011tw3j","download_large":"denshovh-trudy-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-24-34","model":"entity","index":"2 227/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-24-34/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-24-34/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-24/ddr-pc-24-34-mezzanine-f31d9cd7b4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-24/ddr-pc-24-34-mezzanine-f31d9cd7b4-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 35 No. 8 (August 23, 1952)","description":"Selected article titles: \"JACL Will Seek White House Support of Proposal for National Naturalization Day\" (p. 1), \"Hawaii Nisei Veterans Plan Tour to Urge Mainland Ex-GIs To Attend 442nd's Reunion\" (p. 1), \"Outline Steps for U.S. Entry of Japanese Spouses Under New Immigration Legislation\" (p. 2), \"Victory Comes Too Late for Issei in Long Fight to Remain in United States\" (p. 2), \"JACL ADC Says Issei Being Misinformed on Deportation\" (p. 3), \"Newspaper in Los Angeles Attacks JACL's Program\" (p. 4).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-24-34","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"August 23, 1952","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-24-34-mezzanine-f31d9cd7b4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-42-27","model":"entity","index":"3 228/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-42-27/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-42-27/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-42/ddr-pc-42-27-mezzanine-4024089f4a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-42/ddr-pc-42-27-mezzanine-4024089f4a-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 71, No. 2, (July 10, 1970)","description":"Selected article titles: \"JACL Convention Delegates' Special Edition\" (p. 1), \"Greater emphasis on education urged in 9-point JACL program\" (p. 1), \"Nisei veterans at Reunion told own war record is 'hallmark of patriotism'\" (p. 1), \"Japanese Class at Dorsey High O.K. but status of teacher unsettled\" (p. 3), \"Little Tokyo redevelopment project approved by U.S. govt.\" (p. 3), \"Establishment of Ethnic Concern nuclei in each district recommended\" (p. 5), \"JACL Student Aid program initiated to aid needy Sansei with potential\" (p. 5).","extent":"15W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-42-27","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Enomoto, Jerry"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Sugiyama, Shig"},{"namepart":"Nakagawa, Mae"},{"namepart":"Uno, Raymond"},{"namepart":"Hayashi, Don"},{"namepart":"Hatate, Alfred"},{"namepart":"Gima, Richard"},{"namepart":"Henry, Jim"},{"namepart":"Manbo, Mas"},{"namepart":"Kunitsugu, Kats"},{"namepart":"Tanaka, Henry T."},{"namepart":"Uno, Edison"},{"namepart":"Hirota, Tad"},{"namepart":"Marutani, Bill"}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"July 10, 1970","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Enomoto, Jerry \nMasaoka, Mike \nHosokawa, Bill \nSugiyama, Shig \nNakagawa, Mae \nUno, Raymond \nHayashi, Don \nHatate, Alfred \nGima, Richard \nHenry, Jim \nManbo, Mas \nKunitsugu, Kats \nTanaka, Henry T. \nUno, Edison \nHirota, Tad \nMarutani, Bill","download_large":"ddr-pc-42-27-mezzanine-4024089f4a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-148-222","model":"entity","index":"4 229/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-148-222/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-148-222/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-148/ddr-densho-148-222-mezzanine-6bd994e057-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-148/ddr-densho-148-222-mezzanine-6bd994e057-a.jpg"},"title":"Rocky Shimpo Vol. 12, No. 136 (November 14, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Assessment of Damages Sought\"; \"Discuss Employment for Nisei Veterans\"; \"$50,000 Ranch in Escheat Case\"; \"They Drew a 'Draw' in Wrestling Bout Here\"; \"Seek War Veteran\"; \"Insurance Advice Given\"; \"Name Seven for Honor Medals\"; \"Birth of a Child Told\"; \"School Overflow is Problem in Morgan Hill\"; \"Cal. To Accept Produce Claims\"; \"Labor Body Condemns Discrimination\"; \"985 at Tule Lake File Suits in Federal Court to Regain U.S. Citizenship\"; \"700 Repatriates Sent to Nippon\"; \"At Ft. Snelling\"; \"Personal Note\"; \"Want Ads Today.\"","extent":"1587W x 2120H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-148-222","format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","creation":"November 14, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-148-222-mezzanine-6bd994e057-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-148-237","model":"entity","index":"5 230/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-148-237/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-148-237/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-148/ddr-densho-148-237-mezzanine-1215a12f94-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-148/ddr-densho-148-237-mezzanine-1215a12f94-a.jpg"},"title":"Rocky Shimpo Vol. 12, No. 151 (December 14, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Returnee Farmers are in Better Position Than Small Shop Men\"; \"On the Other Hand\"; \"Births are Reported\"; \"Watch for Booby Traps, Watchword of Wary Japanese American Vets\"; \"Nisei Veterans Invited by AVC\"; \"Phone Call Caught Attention of Hoover\"; \"Housing Problem Grows as Population Swells\"; \"Cal. St. Community Church Program for This Week-end\"; \"Episode of a Cocktail Party\"; \"Justice Department Clarifies Policies on Repatriation Cases\"; \"Tokyo Rose's Sister in a Snare Over Bar License Case in L.A.\"; \"Want Ads Today.\"","extent":"1571W x 2117H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-148-237","format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","creation":"December 14, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-148-237-mezzanine-1215a12f94-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-31-16","model":"entity","index":"6 231/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-31-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-31-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-31/ddr-pc-31-16-mezzanine-7365ece36f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-31/ddr-pc-31-16-mezzanine-7365ece36f-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 48, No. 16 (April 17, 1959)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Yen debt claimants seeking pre-war exchange rate\" (p. 1), \"Cal. FEPC bill signature by governor due\" (p. 1), \"442nd RCT linked with famous U.S. Army regiments of history\" (p. 1), \"Nisei greeted as 5-millionth visitor of United Nations\" (p. 1), \"Fair housing bill in Minnesota reported\" (p. 1), \"'Nothing in common' between language of Japan and China except for orthography\" (p. 2), \"Arizona alien land law repeal eyed by JACLers\" (p. 3), \"United organization of youth groups seen as function for San Francisco Jr. JACL\" (p. 4), \"Town Hall format proves stimulating as nine speakers analyze Nisei in community\" (p. 4), \"Private schools exempt from California civil rights law\" (p. 8), \"Statehood brings new challenges to Nisei, Michener tells 442nd veterans at fete\" (p. 8).","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-31-16","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"World War II -- Economic losses","id":"59"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Mimbu, William J."},{"namepart":"Koshio, Floyd"},{"namepart":"Sugiyama, George S."},{"namepart":"Higuchi, Tak"},{"namepart":"Yamamoto, Kakutaro"},{"namepart":"Yoshimura, Akiji"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry K."},{"namepart":"Takata, Fred"},{"namepart":"Satow, Masao"},{"namepart":"Suzukida, Berry"},{"namepart":"Fukiage, Eddie"},{"namepart":"Shimizu, Sydney Hiroko"},{"namepart":"Tajiri, Larry S."},{"namepart":"Fujii, Ken"},{"namepart":"Nomiya, Fred"},{"namepart":"Varnauchi, Linda"},{"namepart":"Kono, Gene"},{"namepart":"Sakamoto, Shig"},{"namepart":"Kobata, Jo Ann"},{"namepart":"Takei, Eddie"},{"namepart":"Suyehira, Yaeko"},{"namepart":"Iwai, Robert H."},{"namepart":"Mori, Henry"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Sugiyama, Frank"},{"namepart":"Uchida, Henry"},{"namepart":"Doi, Tom"},{"namepart":"Uyehara, Otta A."},{"namepart":"Osaki, Tom"},{"namepart":"Shimasaki, Tom"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"April 17, 1959","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher Mimbu, William J. \nKoshio, Floyd \nSugiyama, George S. \nHiguchi, Tak \nYamamoto, Kakutaro \nYoshimura, Akiji \nHonda, Harry K. \nTakata, Fred \nSatow, Masao \nSuzukida, Berry \nFukiage, Eddie \nShimizu, Sydney Hiroko \nTajiri, Larry S. \nFujii, Ken \nNomiya, Fred \nVarnauchi, Linda \nKono, Gene \nSakamoto, Shig \nKobata, Jo Ann \nTakei, Eddie \nSuyehira, Yaeko \nIwai, Robert H. \nMori, Henry \nMasaoka, Mike \nSugiyama, Frank \nUchida, Henry \nDoi, Tom \nUyehara, Otta A. \nOsaki, Tom \nShimasaki, Tom","download_large":"ddr-pc-31-16-mezzanine-7365ece36f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-148-186","model":"entity","index":"7 232/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-148-186/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-148-186/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-148/ddr-densho-148-186-mezzanine-cc0d47bddb-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-148/ddr-densho-148-186-mezzanine-cc0d47bddb-a.jpg"},"title":"Rocky Shimpo Vol. 12, No. 99 (August 17, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Baiting Tactics Loosing Support\"; \"City Council's Opinion\"; \"On the Other Hand\"; \"War Relocation Authority's Insistence on Liquidation Plan Severely Criticised\"; \"A 'By-Product'\"; \"Choose Departure Date -- Or Else\"; \"2 Hotel Owners in Seattle Facing Suits on Rentals\"; \"Sergeant Fills New Job\"; \"Betrothal of Yuriko Date to Dr. Ernest Torigoe Told\"; \"Information for Veterans Given\"; \"University Plans New Scholarship\"; \"Omahans Hold Meeting\"; \"Woman First Nisei to Take State Cosmetology Test\"; \"Returnee News\"; \"Matron Regains Her Citizenship\"; \"Homeward Bound\"; \"Labor Day Program Set\"; \"Want Ads Today.\"","extent":"1575W x 2103H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-148-186","format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","creation":"August 17, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-148-186-mezzanine-cc0d47bddb-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-40","model":"entity","index":"8 233/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-40/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-40/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ksadaichi-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ksadaichi-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Sadaichi Kubota Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born March, 1921 in Hilo, Hawaii. Was a lieutenant in the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Instrumental in clearing the court-martial conviction of Shiro Kashino, a member of his unit.
(This interview was conducted at the 1998 Americans of Japanese Ancestry Veterans National Convention, held in Honolulu, Hawaii. Because of the full conference schedule, interviews conducted at the reunion were generally shorter in length than the typical Densho interview and tend to concentrate on the individual's military service during World War II.)","extent":"01:59:28","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-40","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":47,"namepart":"Sadaichi Kubota"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"July 1, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Sadaichi Kubota narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ksadaichi-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-148-168","model":"entity","index":"9 234/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-148-168/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-148-168/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-148/ddr-densho-148-168-mezzanine-b374394d79-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-148/ddr-densho-148-168-mezzanine-b374394d79-a.jpg"},"title":"Rocky Shimpo Vol. 12, No. 79 (July 2, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Reconsideration Asked of Myer\"; \"Property issue Before Kilgore Senate Group\"; \"Carnival Dance Slated\"; \"Legislature Fails to Adopt Commission\"; \"Committee May Try on Voluntary Basis\"; \"Compliment Girls\"; \"100th Infantrymen Flown Back by ATC Planes to Florida Airbase from Italy\"; \"Teamster Would Hire Nisei War Veterans\"; \"400 at Inaugural Ball\"; \"Reason for Double Joy\"; \"Say 700 on Calif. State Relief\"; \"'They Don't Approve It'\"; \"Yasui Speaks of FEPC Mass Meeting Held Here\"; \"Girl Columnist for Los Angeles Newspaper\"; \"Criticise Church Men's Resolution\"; \"Dr. Decorated\"; \"Want Ads Today.\"","extent":"1591W x 2122H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-148-168","format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","creation":"July 2, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-148-168-mezzanine-b374394d79-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-148-182","model":"entity","index":"10 235/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-148-182/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-148-182/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-148/ddr-densho-148-182-mezzanine-5b94366078-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-148/ddr-densho-148-182-mezzanine-5b94366078-a.jpg"},"title":"Rocky Shimpo Vol. 12, No. 95 (August 8, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Council Letter Rapped by Myer\"; \"Rocky Ford Boy is Hero\"; \"Son Killed in War\"; \"On the Other Hand\"; \"Girl Awarded Scholarship\"; \"'Who Done It? We Got No Dope,' Wails Police\"; \"Judo Threat Emphasized by San Diego FBI Agent\"; \"Veterans Fly Home\"; \"Nisei Asks Probation in Case of False Checks\"; \"Denver Sergeant\"; \"High Cost is Told\"; \"Indictment to be Lodged Against 2\"; \"3 New Officers\"; \"Boy Killed in Accident; Remains Returned to Poston\"; \"Welcome Tendered Him by Bay City Chinese Americans\"; \"Returnee Housing Plan in Bay City\"; \"Want Ads Today.\"","extent":"1587W x 2111H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-148-182","format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","creation":"August 8, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-148-182-mezzanine-5b94366078-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-1-193","model":"entity","index":"11 236/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-1-193/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-1-193/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-1/ddr-csujad-1-193-mezzanine-f79c32c269-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-1/ddr-csujad-1-193-mezzanine-f79c32c269-a.jpg"},"title":"Translation of the interview transcripts","description":"English translation of the transcripts of the interview between Masakiyo Watanabe, TV Fan, and World War II Nisei veterans, including Douglas Tanaka, Albert Takahashi, Don Seki, and Tetsuo Asato. This is a documentary on the exploits of the 100th Battalion and the 442nd Regimental Combat Team during World War II. The interview was conducted to publish a special edition commemorating its 25th anniversary of \"TV fan,\" a Japanese local magazine in Los Angeles. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ike_03_05_001","extent":"14 pages, 11 x 8.5 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-1-193","creators":[{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Watanabe, Masakiyo"},{"role":"translator","namepart":"Rusty Kimura"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- 100th Infantry Battalion","id":"421"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- 442nd Regimental Combat Team","id":"89"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"interview","location":"[Los Angeles, California]","creation":"5/3/2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Watanabe, Masakiyo interviewer \nRusty Kimura translator","download_large":"ddr-csujad-1-193-mezzanine-f79c32c269-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-18-1","model":"entity","index":"12 237/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-18-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-18-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-1-mezzanine-d918f20d11-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-1-mezzanine-d918f20d11-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 22 No. 1 (January 5, 1946)","description":"Selected article titles: \"JACL Protests 'Mistreatment' of Nisei Combat Veterans at Southern California Army Camp\" (p. 1), \"Marine Corps Opens Ranks To Japanese American Group\" (p. 1), \"Nisei Accepted by Navy as Ban Lifted\" (p. 1), \"Ickes Favors Compensation for Evacuee Losses\" (p. 1), \"Federal Court Delays Action On Tamura Deportation Case; Renunciant Will Get Hearing\" (p. 2), \"WRA to Close Field Offices In Six Cities\" (p. 2), \"Hawaii Citizens Challenge Immigration Department's Discrimination in U.S. Travel\" (p. 3), \"U.S. Court Upsets Conviction of Fair Play Committee Group\" (p. 3), \"Tell People Not to Come to Japan, Uncle Tells Seaman\" (p. 7), \"WRA to Return Articles Taken From Aliens\" (p. 7), \"Race Relations Group Hits Restrictive Housing Policies\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-18-1","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"January 5, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-18-1-mezzanine-d918f20d11-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-22-45","model":"entity","index":"13 238/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-22-45/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-22-45/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-22/ddr-pc-22-45-mezzanine-448a902d8e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-22/ddr-pc-22-45-mezzanine-448a902d8e-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 31 No. 19 (November 11, 1950)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Rep. Walter Will Sponsor New Naturalization Bill. Expect Proposal to Provide No Denial of Citizenship on Basis of Race, Ancestry\" (p. 1), \"Two Japanese Americans Win Seats in Territorial Senate; Nine Win Elections for House\" (p. 1), \"Movies More Complicated Than Battle, Say 442nd Veterans\" (p. 1), \"Citizens of Bruyeres Again Pay Tribute to Nisei Heroes at JACL Memorial in France\" (p. 2), \"Canadian Nisei's Career as Dentist Delayed by U.S. Wartime Mass Evacuation\" (p. 3), \"Maryknoll Sisters Teach Race Tolerance at Seattle School\" (p. 4), \"Denver's Redevelopment Will Affect Japanese Americans\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-22-45","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"November 11, 1950","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-22-45-mezzanine-448a902d8e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-472","model":"entity","index":"14 239/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-472/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-472/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-472-1-mezzanine-c3cf3c5c35-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-472-1-mezzanine-c3cf3c5c35-a.jpg"},"title":"Lawson I. Sakai Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born October 27, 1923, in Montebello, California. Grew up in Montebello, where father and other family members ran a farm. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, family moved to Colorado to avoid mass removal. In 1943, volunteered for the army and joined the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, fighting in campaigns in Italy and France. After completing military service, married and went to work with wife's family in Gilroy, California. Integral in organizing ongoing reunions of 442nd veterans, and was involved in the campaign for the 442nd Regimental Combat Team to receive the Congressional Gold Medal.","extent":"2:40:17","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-472","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":918,"namepart":"Lawson I. Sakai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Patricia Wakida"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Emeryville, California","creation":"13-Mar-19","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Lawson I. Sakai narrator \nPatricia Wakida interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-472-1-mezzanine-c3cf3c5c35-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-1793","model":"entity","index":"15 240/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1793/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-1793/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/ddr-densho-1007-1793-mezzanine-0c42d2bf2d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/ddr-densho-1007-1793-mezzanine-0c42d2bf2d-a.jpg"},"title":"Interview with Frank Emi, part 2 of 6","description":"Emi discusses being imprisoned in Leavenworth, the sentences of the members of the Fair Play Committee, the Issei who financially assisted to the Committee, the Committee's legal battles, how people often agree with draft resistance with hindsight, the various opinions of Nisei veterans on draft resistance, and the sort of student he was in high school. Interview starts at 0:30. Loni Ding can be heard asking questions behind the camera. Original title: II RES/PRO #3, Frank Emi UCLA 5/31/86, Roll 3. Interview continues at ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1794/","extent":"00:22:21","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-1793","creators":[{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Ding, Loni"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Emi, Frank"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Performing arts -- Film -- Documentaries","id":"251"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance -- Fair Play Committee","id":"428"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance","id":"95"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Emi, Frank"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"May 31, 1986","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ding, Loni interviewer \nEmi, Frank interviewee Emi, Frank","download_large":"ddr-densho-1007-1793-mezzanine-0c42d2bf2d-a.jpg"},{"id":"918","model":"narrator","index":"16 241/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/918/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/918/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-472_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-472_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/918/interviews/"},"display_name":"Lawson I. Sakai","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 27, 1923, in Montebello, California. Grew up in Montebello, where father and other family members ran a farm. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, family moved to Colorado to avoid mass removal. In 1943, volunteered for the army and joined the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, fighting in campaigns in Italy and France. After completing military service, married and went to work with wife's family in Gilroy, California. Integral in organizing ongoing reunions of 442nd veterans, and was involved in the campaign for the 442nd Regimental Combat Team to receive the Congressional Gold Medal."},{"id":"291","model":"narrator","index":"17 242/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/291/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/291/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/aart.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/aart.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/291/interviews/"},"display_name":"Art Abe","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 12, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in an area of Seattle with few other Japanese Americans, and was attending the University of Washington when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left Minidoka several times on temporary work leave to work on farms in the area. Suffered tragic loss in camp when father got lost outside collecting wood and perished in the elements. Volunteered for the army and served in the signal corps, eventually working for the Civil Aeronautics Administration and Boeing. Also one of the early members of the Seattle Nisei Veterans Committee."},{"id":"123","model":"narrator","index":"18 243/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/123/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/123/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/bpaul.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/bpaul.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/123/interviews/"},"display_name":"Paul Bannai","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 4, 1920, in Delta, Colorado. Grew up in small mining and farming towns in Colorado, Utah and Arizona, until his family moved to Boyle Heights in the Los Angeles, California area. After graduating from high school, he tested discrimination and employment practices and eventually succeeded in obtaining a job at a bank. During World War II, his family was held in Manzanar concentration camp, California. Mr. Bannai joined the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, and was later transferred to the U.S. Military Intelligence Service. He served in New Guinea and elsewhere overseas, was an interpreter for the Allied Translator and Interpreter Service (ATIS), and interpreted at the surrender of Japanese forces at ceremonies in Indonesia. Married and eventually resettled in Gardena, California, where he worked in the floral industry before founding the Bannai Realty and Insurance Company. An extremely active community and civic volunteer, Mr. Bannai joined the Elks Club as well as many veterans' and other organizations. He was elected to the Gardena city council in 1972, and in 1973 was elected to the California State Legislature. In 1980, Mr. Bannai became the executive director of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC). In 1981, he was appointed chief director of the Memorial Affairs Department of the Veterans Administration by President Ronald Reagan."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-404","model":"entity","index":"19 244/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-404/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-404/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tted-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tted-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Ted Tsukiyama Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born December 13, 1920, in Honolulu, Hawaii. During World War II, was a member of the Varsity Victory Volunteers, then served with the 442nd Regimental Combat Team and the Military Intelligence Service. Following military service, graduated from Yale Law School and became an attorney in Hawaii. Active in community and veterans organizations.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:20:42","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-404","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":479,"namepart":"Ted Tsukiyama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Pam Funai"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Mathew Medeiros"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"March 26, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ted Tsukiyama narrator \nPam Funai interviewer \nMathew Medeiros videographer","download_large":"denshovh-tted-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-29","model":"entity","index":"20 245/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-29/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-29/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-isusumu-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-isusumu-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Susumu Ito Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born July 27, 1919, in Stockton, California. Emeritus professor of anatomy at Harvard Medical School. During World War II, was second lieutenant, 522nd Field Artillery Battalion of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. In his interview, he discusses his memories of serving in the 442nd and some of the more psychological aspects of combat.
(This interview was conducted at the 1998 Americans of Japanese Ancestry Veterans National Convention, held in Honolulu, Hawaii. Because of the full conference schedule, interviews conducted at the reunion were generally shorter in length than the typical Densho interview and tend to concentrate on the individual's military service during World War II.)","extent":"02:33:37","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-29","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":33,"namepart":"Susumu Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Stephen Fugita"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"July 3, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Susumu Ito narrator \nStephen Fugita interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer","download_large":"denshovh-isusumu-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-10-11","model":"entity","index":"21 246/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-10-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-10-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-10/ddr-densho-10-11-mezzanine-5025eff65b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-10/ddr-densho-10-11-mezzanine-5025eff65b-a.jpg"},"title":"Issei waiting to receive their redress checks","description":"Four Issei, all at least 100 years of age, waiting to receive their redress checks at the Nisei Veterans Hall in Seattle, Washington. Left to right: Mr. Katsuo, Ms. Wakamatsu, Mr. Ishimitsu, and Mr. Nakagawa. The fifth Issei recipient, Mr. Frank Yatsu, is not pictured. The man standing behind Ms. Wakamatsu is unidentified. The Civil Liberties Act of 1988 was enacted to redress the wrongs committed by the U.S. government against Japanese Americans during World War II. The act called for a formal, written apology from the president and $20,000 in compensation to each surviving camp inmate. The recommendations were made by the government-appointed Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians.","extent":"2660W x 1582H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-10-11","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Yanagihara, Akio"}],"topics":[{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Receiving redress checks and apology","id":"117"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"October 1990","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yanagihara, Akio photographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-10-11-mezzanine-5025eff65b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-46","model":"entity","index":"22 247/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-46/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-46/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mfred-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mfred-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Fred Matsumura Interview","description":"Nisei male, born April 14, 1923, on the Island of Molokai, Hawaii. Volunteered for military service after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Served in the 442nd Regimental Combat Unit as a Sergeant and Assistant Squad Leader. Later, he and three others in his unit had their rank reduced to Private after being court-martialed for alleged involvement in a fight with an army military police officer (MP).
(This interview was conducted at the 1998 Americans of Japanese Ancestry Veterans National Convention, held in Honolulu, Hawaii. Given the full conference schedule, interviews conducted at the reunion were shorter in length than typical Densho interviews. Beverly Kashino, one of the interviewers, is Shiro and Louise Kashino's daughter.)","extent":"01:32:40","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-46","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":54,"namepart":"Fred Matsumura"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Beverly Kashino"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"July 2, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fred Matsumura narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nBeverly Kashino interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer","download_large":"denshovh-mfred-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"92","model":"narrator","index":"23 248/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/92/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/92/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/trudy.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/trudy.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/92/interviews/"},"display_name":"Rudy Tokiwa","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 7, 1925, near San Jose. Grew up in Salinas, California, until he went to Japan at the age of thirteen. Studied in Japan until about 1939. Incarcerated at the Salinas Assembly Center, California, and Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Volunteered out of camp to serve in the U.S. military. Fought in Europe as a battalion runner for the all-Japanese American 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Single-handedly captured a group of German officers, fought in the famous \"Battle of the Lost Battalion,\" and was present at the liberation of Bruyeres. Was recruited to lobby Congress for passage of the 1988 Civil Liberties Act as a representative for Nikkei veterans, and proved invaluable in garnering support among particularly resistant members of Congress."},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-448","model":"entity","index":"24 249/{'value': 263, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-448/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-448/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-448-mezzanine-35b1b01e01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-448-mezzanine-35b1b01e01-a.jpg"},"title":"Ryo Tsai Draft Narrative re: Origin of NKHA Exhibit","description":"Ryo Tsai explained how the Nippon Kan Heritage Association (NKHA) Exhibit was conceived and implemented. It was shown at Nippon Kan on Mar 17, 1985 and later at the Seattle Public Library.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-448","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"Education -- Japanese language schools","id":"33"},{"term":"Education -- Church-run schools","id":"35"},{"term":"Arts and literature -- Visual arts -- Photography","id":"267"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications","id":"26"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\") -- Aftermath","id":"191"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church"},{"namepart":"Tokuda, Tama"},{"namepart":"Fujita, Tama"},{"namepart":"Fujita, Harry"},{"namepart":"Fujita, Flo"},{"namepart":"Hoshido, Hideo"},{"namepart":"Uno, Shigeko"},{"namepart":"Miyamoto, Frank"},{"namepart":"Tsutakawa, Tom"},{"namepart":"Sakura, Howard"},{"namepart":"Masuda, Hana"},{"namepart":"Kashima, Tets"},{"namepart":"Ishimitsu, Kaz"},{"namepart":"Japanese Language School"},{"namepart":"Beacon Hill Journal"},{"namepart":"Nisei Veterans Newsletter"},{"namepart":"Asian Family Affair"},{"namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League (JACL)"},{"namepart":"Pacific Citizen"},{"namepart":"Seattle Public Library"},{"namepart":"Washington State Historical Society"},{"namepart":"Fuji-TV"},{"namepart":"North American Post"},{"namepart":"Omni Photos"},{"namepart":"Uchida, Yoshiko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"manuscript","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"June 7, 2005","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) author Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) \nJapanese Congregational Church \nTokuda, Tama \nFujita, Tama \nFujita, Harry \nFujita, Flo \nHoshido, Hideo \nUno, Shigeko \nMiyamoto, Frank \nTsutakawa, Tom \nSakura, Howard \nMasuda, Hana \nKashima, Tets \nIshimitsu, Kaz \nJapanese Language School \nBeacon Hill Journal \nNisei Veterans Newsletter \nAsian Family Affair \nJapanese American Citizens League (JACL) \nPacific Citizen \nSeattle Public Library \nWashington State Historical Society \nFuji-TV \nNorth American Post \nOmni Photos \nUchida, Yoshiko","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-448-mezzanine-35b1b01e01-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Nisei Veterans","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}