{"total":6865,"limit":25,"offset":6700,"prev_offset":6675,"next_offset":6725,"page_size":25,"this_page":269,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Nisei&limit=25&offset=6675","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Nisei&limit=25&offset=6725","objects":[{"id":"510","model":"narrator","index":"0 6700/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/510/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/510/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/uhank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/uhank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/510/interviews/"},"display_name":"Hank Shozo Umemoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 12, 1928, in Florin, California, a small community outside of Sacramento, California. Lost father at an early age, and was raised primarily by older brother. During World War II, removed with family to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. While in camp, snuck out of camp to spend time in the surrounding hillside. After leaving camp, returned to California and finished high school. Notably, refused to accept on principle the redress payments made to Japanese Americans in the 1980s."},{"id":"430","model":"narrator","index":"1 6701/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/430/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/430/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ieddie.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ieddie.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/430/interviews/"},"display_name":"Eddie M. Inaba","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 9, 1917, in Walnut Grove, California. Parents worked at Canal Ranch, an agricultural community, where they grew produce for Libby, McNeill & Libby. Parents also owned and ran a bar in Walnut Grove. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado. After leaving camp, lived in Chicago and Denver before returning to Walnut Grove. Established a successful Japanese import business, opening grocery stores all over the West Coast."},{"id":"571","model":"narrator","index":"2 6702/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/571/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/571/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/gjean.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/gjean.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/571/interviews/"},"display_name":"Jean Shiraki Gize","bio":"Nisei female. Born June 16, 1938, in Alameda, California. Was age three when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Removed with family to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. While in camp, father volunteered for the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Mother answered an ad in the camp newspaper and moved with Jean to a ranch owned by the Duvenicks, a family known for their social justice activism. Eventually returned to the Oakland, California, area."},{"id":"608","model":"narrator","index":"3 6703/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/608/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/608/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ymits.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ymits.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/608/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mits Yamasaki","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 3, 1924, in Caldwell, Idaho. In the early 1930s, sent with brothers to live in the Shonien orphanage in Los Angeles after mother develops tuberculosis. Remained in Shonien until the onset of World War II. During the war, removed with a friend's family to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Rohwer concentration camp, Arkansas. Left camp to live and work in Chicago, Illinois, and served with the Military Intelligence Service in Japan during the U.S. occupation."},{"id":"616","model":"narrator","index":"4 6704/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/616/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/616/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mkiyo_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mkiyo_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/616/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kiyo Maruyama","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 28, 1920, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in the Glendale area, where father ran a gardening business. Was in college at UC Berkeley when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Left camp to work in Chicago. Drafted into the army and served with the Military Intelligence Service in Japan. Returned to California and started an accounting firm. Became involved in many community organizations in Los Angeles."},{"id":"620","model":"narrator","index":"5 6705/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/620/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/620/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/semi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/semi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/620/interviews/"},"display_name":"Emi Somekawa","bio":"Nisei female. Born May 10, 1918, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in the small town of Brooks, Oregon, where parents ran a farm. Prior to World War II, became a nurse, married, and had a child. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and worked in the camp's hospital. Transferred for one year to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, eventually returned to Portland and resumed nursing career."},{"id":"552","model":"narrator","index":"6 6706/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/552/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/552/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mjohn.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mjohn.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/552/interviews/"},"display_name":"John Kats Marumoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 24, 1927, in Terminal Island, California. Grew up on Terminal Island, where father was a fisherman. Lived in Japan for a short time in 1941. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, moved to Compton after the Japanese Americans were excluded from Terminal Island. Removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, worked on a fishing boat in Mexico. Drafted into the military in the 1950s and served in Japan. After the war, returned to California."},{"id":"949","model":"narrator","index":"7 6707/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/949/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/949/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-chi-1-15_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-chi-1-15_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/949/interviews/"},"display_name":"Joe Takehara","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 2, 1932, in San Diego, California. Prior to World War II, father worked as a fisherman and mother worked in a fish cannery. Father passed away at an early age, leaving mother to raise eight children. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, temporarily moved to Sunnydale, California, before being sent to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, resettled in Chicago, Illinois, where Joe became active in martial arts."},{"id":"958","model":"narrator","index":"8 6708/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/958/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/958/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-chi-1-4_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-chi-1-4_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/958/interviews/"},"display_name":"Susumu Mukushina","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 8, 1942, in Los Angeles, California. During World War II, mother and father received special dispensation to delay going to the Santa Anita Assembly Center to give birth. After Susumu was born, the family was sent to Santa Anita and then the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, and later transferred to Tule Lake, California. After leaving camp, went to live at Seabrook Farms, New Jersey, where father was a Buddhist priest. Eventually moved to Chicago, Illinois."},{"id":"862","model":"narrator","index":"9 6709/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/862/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/862/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/dflorence.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/dflorence.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/862/interviews/"},"display_name":"Florence Ohmura Dobashi","bio":"Nisei female. Born October 26, 1927, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in several cities in California where father was a minister, but was living in Riverside, California, when World War II broke out. During the war, removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Left camp to finish high school in Ohio, then attended UC Berkeley and UCLA. After the war, worked for attorney Wayne Collins while he fought on behalf of Japanese Americans who renounced their U.S. citizenship in the camps."},{"id":"904","model":"narrator","index":"10 6710/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/904/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/904/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-456_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-456_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/904/interviews/"},"display_name":"Hatsuko Mary Higuchi","bio":"Nisei female. Born January 31, 1939, in Los Angeles County, California. At a young age, removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona, with family. After leaving camp, returned to family's farm in Lawndale, California. Father passed away early, leaving her mother to run the farm. Hatsuko Mary became a teacher, establishing an education career in Torrance, California, for many years. She later discovered an artistic talent and did many paintings with her family and the war years as her subjects."},{"id":"906","model":"narrator","index":"11 6711/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/906/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/906/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-458_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-458_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/906/interviews/"},"display_name":"Hal Keimi","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 23, 1931, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in the Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles, where parents ran a dry cleaning business. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. After leaving camp, lived for a time in a trailer park in Lomita, California, before eventually returning to Los Angeles. Became a teacher and baseball coach, and longtime volunteer docent at the Japanese American National Museum."},{"id":"783","model":"narrator","index":"12 6712/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/783/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/783/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tgus.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tgus.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/783/interviews/"},"display_name":"Gus Tanaka","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 3, 1923, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in Portland, where father was a physician in Japantown. Was attending college prior to World War II. During the war, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp to attend college before being drafted in 1944. Served in the Army Specialized Training Unit during the U.S. occupation of Japan. Returned to medical school after military service and became a physician practicing in Ontario, Oregon."},{"id":"761","model":"narrator","index":"13 6713/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/761/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/761/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/myoji.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/myoji.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/761/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yoji J. Matsushima","bio":"Nisei male. Born January 31, 1933, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in Portland, where parents ran a general merchandise store. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp for the East Coast because parents wanted to repatriate to Japan. Did not secure a place on the USS Gripsholm, so remained in the United States and went to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas. After the war, returned to Portland."},{"id":"973","model":"narrator","index":"14 6714/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/973/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/973/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-485_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-485_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/973/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yoshiye Handa Yasuda","bio":"Nisei female. Born August 26, 1934, in San Francisco, California. Grew up in San Francisco's Japantown neighborhood, where father ran a carpentry business. During World War II, removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. After leaving camp, returned to San Francisco with parents and finished high school. While still in school, worked for civil rights attorney Wayne Collins. Attended college in San Diego and became an occupational therapist, working with various groups, including psychiatric and geriatric patients."},{"id":"984","model":"narrator","index":"15 6715/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/984/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/984/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-494-1_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-494-1_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/984/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frances Kajita Nishi","bio":"Nisei-Sansei female. Born in February 24, 1934, in Mosier, Oregon. Grew up in Mosier, where parents worked on an orchard and did truck farming. During World War II, removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Following the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" in 1943, family transferred to the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. After leaving camp, moved to Walla Walla, Washington, and finished school. Remained in Walla Walla, eventually marrying and raising a family there."},{"id":"989","model":"narrator","index":"16 6716/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/989/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/989/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-512_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-512_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/989/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank T. Sata","bio":"Nisei male. Born March 20, 1933, in Los Angeles, California, where father worked as a photographer. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas, transferring to Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, moved to Phoenix, Arizona. Moved to Guadalupe, California, living in a Buddhist church for a time. Finished high school in Pasadena, California. Served in the U.S. Army, then worked for an electronics company before becoming an architect."},{"id":"1008","model":"narrator","index":"17 6717/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1008/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1008/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-516_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-516_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1008/interviews/"},"display_name":"Sam Mihara","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 1, 1933, in San Francisco, California. Grew up in San Francisco's Japantown, where father edited a bilingual newspaper. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. After leaving camp, lived for a time in Salt Lake City, Utah, before returning home to San Francisco. Graduated from UC Berkeley and worked for Boeing. In retirement, traveled all over the U.S. and internationally speaking about World War II experiences."},{"id":"ddr-densho-474-53","model":"entity","index":"18 6718/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-474-53/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-474-53/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-474/ddr-densho-474-53-mezzanine-6f91c7aa03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-474/ddr-densho-474-53-mezzanine-6f91c7aa03-a.jpg"},"title":"70th Anniversary of the Japanese Congregational Church","description":"The Japanese Congregational Church's 70th Anniversary book traces the history of JCC within the context of national and local events.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-474-53","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Oakland","id":"485"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Minnesota -- Minneapolis","id":"495"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington","id":"290"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- YMCA/YWCA","id":"471"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Sansei","id":"338"},{"term":"Education -- Church-run schools","id":"35"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers","id":"61"},{"term":"Community activities -- Festivals, celebrations, and holidays","id":"25"},{"term":"Community activities -- Recreational activities -- Picnics","id":"311"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Elders","id":"510"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Parents","id":"513"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Youth","id":"514"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Women","id":"515"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Picture brides","id":"342"},{"term":"Japan -- Pre-World War II","id":"163"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications","id":"26"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Cross-racial relations","id":"38"},{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Buddhism","id":"395"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Religious organizations","id":"397"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Religion","id":"75"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Returning home","id":"106"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\") -- Japanese American community responses","id":"52"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Women's Army Corps/Women's Army Auxiliary Corps","id":"442"},{"term":"World War II -- Non-incarcerated Japanese Americans -- \"Voluntary evacuation\"","id":"56"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath","id":"48"},{"term":"World War II -- Support from the non-Japanese American community","id":"80"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Funerals","id":"416"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Holidays and festivals","id":"71"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Social and recreational activities","id":"195"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Abe, Seizo"},{"namepart":"Abe, Tami"},{"namepart":"Adachi, Sei"},{"namepart":"American Missionary Association"},{"namepart":"Aoyama, Hank"},{"namepart":"Bailey Gatzert School"},{"namepart":"Baptist Home Missions"},{"namepart":"Bauck, Herbert"},{"namepart":"Buddhist Church (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Burchett, G.J."},{"namepart":"Capewell, Beryl"},{"namepart":"Carter, Jimmy, 1924-"},{"namepart":"Chicago Theological Seminary"},{"namepart":"Chinese Methodist Mission"},{"namepart":"Chiong, Anna"},{"namepart":"Choate, Charles"},{"namepart":"Christ Church of Chicago (United Church of Christ)"},{"namepart":"International Christian Endeavor Society"},{"namepart":"Clarke, Cyrus A."},{"namepart":"Colwell, David G."},{"namepart":"Congregational Board of Southern California"},{"namepart":"Denison, Muriel"},{"namepart":"Denison, Russell"},{"namepart":"Domei Kai (Federated Christian Churches)"},{"namepart":"Doshisha Daigaku"},{"namepart":"Edgewater Congregational Church (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Fife, Nellie"},{"namepart":"Fifth Avenue Theater (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"First Baptist Church (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Fourth Presbyterian Church (Chicago, Il.)"},{"namepart":"Fujii, Phyllis"},{"namepart":"Fujii, Saibo"},{"namepart":"Fujii, Sharon"},{"namepart":"Fujin Kai"},{"namepart":"Fujinai, Issei"},{"namepart":"Fujinkai (Women's Association)"},{"namepart":"Fujita Mary"},{"namepart":"Fujita, Joseph \"Joe\""},{"namepart":"Fujiye, Holly Brook"},{"namepart":"Fujiye, Leslie Jill Ford"},{"namepart":"Fujiye, Lily (Kawaguchi)"},{"namepart":"Fujiye, Richard K."},{"namepart":"Fukushima, Joseph"},{"namepart":"Gakuin, Aoyama"},{"namepart":"Gibson, John H."},{"namepart":"Gim Wah Restaurant (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Green Lake Congregational Church (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Greene, Samuel"},{"namepart":"Gwinn, Alice"},{"namepart":"Hamaoka, Sachi"},{"namepart":"Hansen, Edward A."},{"namepart":"Harada, Tasuku"},{"namepart":"Hashiguchi, Chosaku"},{"namepart":"Hashiguchi, Hachiro"},{"namepart":"Hashiguchi, Mitsuko"},{"namepart":"Hashiguchi, Mutsuo"},{"namepart":"Hashiguchi, Nasuo"},{"namepart":"Hashiguchi, Shiro"},{"namepart":"Hashiguchi, Shugo"},{"namepart":"Hata, Hideyo"},{"namepart":"Hayakawa, Alice"},{"namepart":"Hayakawa, Jun"},{"namepart":"Hayami, Tosuke"},{"namepart":"Hayano, Kazuko"},{"namepart":"Higano, Aiko"},{"namepart":"Highland Park Methodist Church (Spokane, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Higuchi, Yuri"},{"namepart":"Hikida, Amy"},{"namepart":"Hikida, Gloria"},{"namepart":"Hikida, Heitaro"},{"namepart":"Hikida, Keiko"},{"namepart":"Hiraki, Sumiko"},{"namepart":"Hiraki, Susan \"Sue\""},{"namepart":"Hoida, Eileen"},{"namepart":"Hook, Archie"},{"namepart":"Horita, Akira"},{"namepart":"Horita, Kasumi"},{"namepart":"Horita, Yoko"},{"namepart":"Hoshino, Mitsuo"},{"namepart":"Hunt, Nan"},{"namepart":"Huntoon, Kinuko"},{"namepart":"Hurley, Jesse"},{"namepart":"Ide, Konosuke"},{"namepart":"Ideka, Martha"},{"namepart":"Ii, Aiko"},{"namepart":"Ikeda, Martha"},{"namepart":"Inouye, Orio"},{"namepart":"Inouye, Ryomin"},{"namepart":"Instituto de Energia Atomica"},{"namepart":"International Christian Endeavor Society"},{"namepart":"Iseri, Helene"},{"namepart":"Ishida, Seiko"},{"namepart":"Ishii, Tori"},{"namepart":"Ishimaru, Eric"},{"namepart":"Ishimaru, Haruo"},{"namepart":"Ishimaru, Jaclyn"},{"namepart":"Ishimaru, Yoshiko (Yano)"},{"namepart":"Ishimitsu, Kichisaburo"},{"namepart":"Iwago, Lillian"},{"namepart":"Iyegaki, Sachi"},{"namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"},{"namepart":"Japanese Baptist Church (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Japanese Christian Mission in North America"},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church (Oakland, Calif.)"},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Japanese Methodist Church (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Japanese Presbyterian Church"},{"namepart":"Jefferson, Oswald"},{"namepart":"Kadoike, Yoshitami"},{"namepart":"Kai, Fukuin"},{"namepart":"Kanamori, Tsurin"},{"namepart":"Kanazawa, Henry"},{"namepart":"Kanazawa, Jan"},{"namepart":"Kanazawa, Lin"},{"namepart":"Kanazawa, Miye (Hata)"},{"namepart":"Kao, Chun Beng"},{"namepart":"Karikomi, Stanley"},{"namepart":"Kashiwagi, Sachi"},{"namepart":"Kawaguchi, Joan"},{"namepart":"Kawaguchi, John M."},{"namepart":"Kawaguchi, Kisuke"},{"namepart":"Kawaguchi, Linda"},{"namepart":"Kawaguchi, Martha (Yamamoto)"},{"namepart":"Kawaguchi, Paul"},{"namepart":"Kikuchi, Carl"},{"namepart":"Kikuchi, Chihiro"},{"namepart":"Kikuchi, Gary"},{"namepart":"Kikuchi, Grace (Fujii)"},{"namepart":"Kikuchi, Naomi"},{"namepart":"Kimura, Tadao"},{"namepart":"Kirisuto Doshi Kai (Laymen's Volunteer Group)"},{"namepart":"Kitahara, Eisaburo"},{"namepart":"Kitahara, Jack"},{"namepart":"Kitahara, Yoshiko"},{"namepart":"Knowlton, Janette"},{"namepart":"Kubushiro, Naokatsu"},{"namepart":"Kubushiro, Ochimi (Obuko)"},{"namepart":"Kumai, Takanosuke"},{"namepart":"Kyokai, Haruo"},{"namepart":"Kyokai, Kumiai"},{"namepart":"Ladies of the Fujinkai"},{"namepart":"Laundromat-Cleaners (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Takeshi"},{"namepart":"Mayflower Congregational Fellowship"},{"namepart":"McJunkin, Samuel \"Sam\""},{"namepart":"Mercer, A. S. (Asa Shinn), 1839-1917"},{"namepart":"Migawa, Fumi"},{"namepart":"Migawa, Miyo"},{"namepart":"Miya Shoji-in (Miya Day Care Center)"},{"namepart":"Miya, Takashi"},{"namepart":"Miyagawa, Genki"},{"namepart":"Miyagawa, Haru"},{"namepart":"Miyagawa, Hirogi"},{"namepart":"Miyagawa, Tsunekichi"},{"namepart":"Miyama, Kanichi"},{"namepart":"Miyamoto, Frank"},{"namepart":"Miyamoto, Kazue"},{"namepart":"Miyamoto, May"},{"namepart":"Miyamoto, Nobu (Naito)"},{"namepart":"Miyamoto, Robert \"Bob\" T."},{"namepart":"Miyamoto, Shizuko Higano"},{"namepart":"Miyazaki Church (Miyazaki, Japan)"},{"namepart":"Montebello Japanese Congregational Church"},{"namepart":"Mukai, George"},{"namepart":"Mukai, Lily"},{"namepart":"Munakata, Donald"},{"namepart":"Munakata, Grace"},{"namepart":"Munakata, Gregory"},{"namepart":"Munakata, Martha (Uyeno)"},{"namepart":"Munakata, Yutaka"},{"namepart":"Murdey, Clarence"},{"namepart":"Murphy, Nora"},{"namepart":"Murphy, Ulysses G."},{"namepart":"Naito, Kaz"},{"namepart":"Naito, Kazue"},{"namepart":"Nakasone, Buhei"},{"namepart":"Nakata, Katsuko"},{"namepart":"Nash, Yoneko Tajitsu"},{"namepart":"National Bronze Powder Co"},{"namepart":"National Fellowship of Congregational Women"},{"namepart":"Nichiren Church (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Nippon Yusen Kaisha"},{"namepart":"Nisei Veterans"},{"namepart":"Nisei Women's Fellowship"},{"namepart":"O'Brien, Robert"},{"namepart":"Oberlin College"},{"namepart":"Ohashi, Hatsu"},{"namepart":"Okabe, Elaine"},{"namepart":"Okabe, Janet"},{"namepart":"Okabe, Richard"},{"namepart":"Okabe, Rose (Soyejima)"},{"namepart":"Okabe, Thomas"},{"namepart":"Okazaki, Fukumatsu"},{"namepart":"Okubo, Shinjiro"},{"namepart":"Osawa, Nancy"},{"namepart":"Osawa, Shizuko"},{"namepart":"Ota, Amy"},{"namepart":"Ota, Kenji"},{"namepart":"Ota, Margie"},{"namepart":"Ota, May"},{"namepart":"Ota, Rae"},{"namepart":"Ozaki, Susan \"Sue\""},{"namepart":"Pilgrim Congregational Church (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Plymouth Congregational Church (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Prospect Congregational Church (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Pruitt, Robert"},{"namepart":"Quartermain, Charles"},{"namepart":"Rice, Clayton"},{"namepart":"Roberts, Haru (Miyagawa)"},{"namepart":"Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"},{"namepart":"Salvation Army (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Sawaya, Tasujiro"},{"namepart":"Schreiner, Charles"},{"namepart":"Seattle Council of Churches"},{"namepart":"Seattle Pacific College"},{"namepart":"Sekiya, Toshiko"},{"namepart":"Shibata, Hatsu"},{"namepart":"Shigematsu, Shotaro"},{"namepart":"Shimada, Shigeo"},{"namepart":"Shimizu, Hisao"},{"namepart":"Shiomi, Kodoku"},{"namepart":"Soderland, Noyuri"},{"namepart":"Soyejima, Lily"},{"namepart":"Soyejima, William \"Bill\""},{"namepart":"Spence, Willard"},{"namepart":"St. Louis Institute of Music"},{"namepart":"St. Mark's Cathedral (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Susumi, Art"},{"namepart":"Suyama, Eileen"},{"namepart":"Suyama, Minoru"},{"namepart":"Suyama, Sakiko"},{"namepart":"Suyama, Shoichi"},{"namepart":"Suyama, Shosaku"},{"namepart":"Suyama, Tick"},{"namepart":"Suyama, Tomi"},{"namepart":"Suzuki, Mary"},{"namepart":"Suzumi, Arthur"},{"namepart":"Tajitsu, Misao"},{"namepart":"Tajitsu, Ritsu"},{"namepart":"Takatsuka, James"},{"namepart":"Takatsuka, Janice"},{"namepart":"Takatsuka, Lily Mukai"},{"namepart":"Takatsuka, Robert \"Bob\""},{"namepart":"Takayoshi, Kimi"},{"namepart":"Takayoshi, Masako"},{"namepart":"Takayoshi, Yurino"},{"namepart":"Takeuchi, Joyce"},{"namepart":"Takeuchi, Kenneth"},{"namepart":"Takeuchi, Midori"},{"namepart":"Takeuchi, Sachiko"},{"namepart":"Tashima, Yuri"},{"namepart":"Tazaki, Kensaku"},{"namepart":"Toda, Meriko"},{"namepart":"Tominomori, Keiji"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Tsai, James"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Tsubaki, Shinroku"},{"namepart":"Uchida, Takashi"},{"namepart":"Union Theological Seminary"},{"namepart":"United Church of Christ"},{"namepart":"United States Army"},{"namepart":"University Congregational Church (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago Divinity School"},{"namepart":"University of Idaho"},{"namepart":"University of Washington School of Architecture"},{"namepart":"University of Washington"},{"namepart":"Urakawa, Sanaye"},{"namepart":"Urakawa, Starr"},{"namepart":"Uyeno, Benjamin \"Ben\""},{"namepart":"Uyeno, Thomas \"Tom\""},{"namepart":"Van Horn, Francis"},{"namepart":"Van Horn, Paul"},{"namepart":"Ward, L.V."},{"namepart":"Warren, Charles"},{"namepart":"Warren, Cora"},{"namepart":"Washington Congregational Conference"},{"namepart":"Whetstone, Vivian"},{"namepart":"Wilson, I."},{"namepart":"United States Women's Army Corps"},{"namepart":"Women's Temperance Union"},{"namepart":"Yabu, Joseph \"Joe\""},{"namepart":"Yabu, Shirley"},{"namepart":"Yamada, Sadao"},{"namepart":"Yamagiwa, Aiko"},{"namepart":"Yamagiwa, Chitake"},{"namepart":"Yamaguchi, Fumi"},{"namepart":"Yamaguchi, Jack"},{"namepart":"Yamaguchi, Pauline"},{"namepart":"Yamaguchi, Ruth"},{"namepart":"Yamaguchi, Tamezo"},{"namepart":"Yamaguchi, Toshiko"},{"namepart":"Yamanishi, Maria"},{"namepart":"Yamashita, Jack"},{"namepart":"Yamashita, Tossie"},{"namepart":"Yano, George"},{"namepart":"Yano, May"},{"namepart":"Yasuda, Chukichi"},{"namepart":"Yasunaga, Chiyoko"},{"namepart":"Yasutake, Mollie"},{"namepart":"Yoshida, Koji"},{"namepart":"Young Men's Christian Association (Seattle, Wash.)"},{"namepart":"Zee, Linda"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"book","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"c. 1977","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Abe, Seizo \nAbe, Tami \nAdachi, Sei \nAmerican Missionary Association \nAoyama, Hank \nBailey Gatzert School \nBaptist Home Missions \nBauck, Herbert \nBuddhist Church (Seattle, Wash.) \nBurchett, G.J. \nCapewell, Beryl \nCarter, Jimmy, 1924- \nChicago Theological Seminary \nChinese Methodist Mission \nChiong, Anna \nChoate, Charles \nChrist Church of Chicago (United Church of Christ) \nInternational Christian Endeavor Society \nClarke, Cyrus A. \nColwell, David G. \nCongregational Board of Southern California \nDenison, Muriel \nDenison, Russell \nDomei Kai (Federated Christian Churches) \nDoshisha Daigaku \nEdgewater Congregational Church (Seattle, Wash.) \nFife, Nellie \nFifth Avenue Theater (Seattle, Wash.) \nFirst Baptist Church (Seattle, Wash.) \nFourth Presbyterian Church (Chicago, Il.) \nFujii, Phyllis \nFujii, Saibo \nFujii, Sharon \nFujin Kai \nFujinai, Issei \nFujinkai (Women's Association) \nFujita Mary \nFujita, Joseph \"Joe\" \nFujiye, Holly Brook \nFujiye, Leslie Jill Ford \nFujiye, Lily (Kawaguchi) \nFujiye, Richard K. \nFukushima, Joseph \nGakuin, Aoyama \nGibson, John H. \nGim Wah Restaurant (Seattle, Wash.) \nGreen Lake Congregational Church (Seattle, Wash.) \nGreene, Samuel \nGwinn, Alice \nHamaoka, Sachi \nHansen, Edward A. \nHarada, Tasuku \nHashiguchi, Chosaku \nHashiguchi, Hachiro \nHashiguchi, Mitsuko \nHashiguchi, Mutsuo \nHashiguchi, Nasuo \nHashiguchi, Shiro \nHashiguchi, Shugo \nHata, Hideyo \nHayakawa, Alice \nHayakawa, Jun \nHayami, Tosuke \nHayano, Kazuko \nHigano, Aiko \nHighland Park Methodist Church (Spokane, Wash.) \nHiguchi, Yuri \nHikida, Amy \nHikida, Gloria \nHikida, Heitaro \nHikida, Keiko \nHiraki, Sumiko \nHiraki, Susan \"Sue\" \nHoida, Eileen \nHook, Archie \nHorita, Akira \nHorita, Kasumi \nHorita, Yoko \nHoshino, Mitsuo \nHunt, Nan \nHuntoon, Kinuko \nHurley, Jesse \nIde, Konosuke \nIdeka, Martha \nIi, Aiko \nIkeda, Martha \nInouye, Orio \nInouye, Ryomin \nInstituto de Energia Atomica \nInternational Christian Endeavor Society \nIseri, Helene \nIshida, Seiko \nIshii, Tori \nIshimaru, Eric \nIshimaru, Haruo \nIshimaru, Jaclyn \nIshimaru, Yoshiko (Yano) \nIshimitsu, Kichisaburo \nIwago, Lillian \nIyegaki, Sachi \nJapanese American Citizens League \nJapanese Baptist Church (Seattle, Wash.) \nJapanese Christian Mission in North America \nJapanese Congregational Church (Oakland, Calif.) \nJapanese Congregational Church (Seattle, Wash.) \nJapanese Methodist Church (Seattle, Wash.) \nJapanese Presbyterian Church \nJefferson, Oswald \nKadoike, Yoshitami \nKai, Fukuin \nKanamori, Tsurin \nKanazawa, Henry \nKanazawa, Jan \nKanazawa, Lin \nKanazawa, Miye (Hata) \nKao, Chun Beng \nKarikomi, Stanley \nKashiwagi, Sachi \nKawaguchi, Joan \nKawaguchi, John M. \nKawaguchi, Kisuke \nKawaguchi, Linda \nKawaguchi, Martha (Yamamoto) \nKawaguchi, Paul \nKikuchi, Carl \nKikuchi, Chihiro \nKikuchi, Gary \nKikuchi, Grace (Fujii) \nKikuchi, Naomi \nKimura, Tadao \nKirisuto Doshi Kai (Laymen's Volunteer Group) \nKitahara, Eisaburo \nKitahara, Jack \nKitahara, Yoshiko \nKnowlton, Janette \nKubushiro, Naokatsu \nKubushiro, Ochimi (Obuko) \nKumai, Takanosuke \nKyokai, Haruo \nKyokai, Kumiai \nLadies of the Fujinkai \nLaundromat-Cleaners (Seattle, Wash.) \nMatsumoto, Takeshi \nMayflower Congregational Fellowship \nMcJunkin, Samuel \"Sam\" \nMercer, A. S. (Asa Shinn), 1839-1917 \nMigawa, Fumi \nMigawa, Miyo \nMiya Shoji-in (Miya Day Care Center) \nMiya, Takashi \nMiyagawa, Genki \nMiyagawa, Haru \nMiyagawa, Hirogi \nMiyagawa, Tsunekichi \nMiyama, Kanichi \nMiyamoto, Frank \nMiyamoto, Kazue \nMiyamoto, May \nMiyamoto, Nobu (Naito) \nMiyamoto, Robert \"Bob\" T. \nMiyamoto, Shizuko Higano \nMiyazaki Church (Miyazaki, Japan) \nMontebello Japanese Congregational Church \nMukai, George \nMukai, Lily \nMunakata, Donald \nMunakata, Grace \nMunakata, Gregory \nMunakata, Martha (Uyeno) \nMunakata, Yutaka \nMurdey, Clarence \nMurphy, Nora \nMurphy, Ulysses G. \nNaito, Kaz \nNaito, Kazue \nNakasone, Buhei \nNakata, Katsuko \nNash, Yoneko Tajitsu \nNational Bronze Powder Co \nNational Fellowship of Congregational Women \nNichiren Church (Seattle, Wash.) \nNippon Yusen Kaisha \nNisei Veterans \nNisei Women's Fellowship \nO'Brien, Robert \nOberlin College \nOhashi, Hatsu \nOkabe, Elaine \nOkabe, Janet \nOkabe, Richard \nOkabe, Rose (Soyejima) \nOkabe, Thomas \nOkazaki, Fukumatsu \nOkubo, Shinjiro \nOsawa, Nancy \nOsawa, Shizuko \nOta, Amy \nOta, Kenji \nOta, Margie \nOta, May \nOta, Rae \nOzaki, Susan \"Sue\" \nPilgrim Congregational Church (Seattle, Wash.) \nPlymouth Congregational Church (Seattle, Wash.) \nProspect Congregational Church (Seattle, Wash.) \nPruitt, Robert \nQuartermain, Charles \nRice, Clayton \nRoberts, Haru (Miyagawa) \nRoosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945 \nSalvation Army (Seattle, Wash.) \nSawaya, Tasujiro \nSchreiner, Charles \nSeattle Council of Churches \nSeattle Pacific College \nSekiya, Toshiko \nShibata, Hatsu \nShigematsu, Shotaro \nShimada, Shigeo \nShimizu, Hisao \nShiomi, Kodoku \nSoderland, Noyuri \nSoyejima, Lily \nSoyejima, William \"Bill\" \nSpence, Willard \nSt. Louis Institute of Music \nSt. Mark's Cathedral (Seattle, Wash.) \nSusumi, Art \nSuyama, Eileen \nSuyama, Minoru \nSuyama, Sakiko \nSuyama, Shoichi \nSuyama, Shosaku \nSuyama, Tick \nSuyama, Tomi \nSuzuki, Mary \nSuzumi, Arthur \nTajitsu, Misao \nTajitsu, Ritsu \nTakatsuka, James \nTakatsuka, Janice \nTakatsuka, Lily Mukai \nTakatsuka, Robert \"Bob\" \nTakayoshi, Kimi \nTakayoshi, Masako \nTakayoshi, Yurino \nTakeuchi, Joyce \nTakeuchi, Kenneth \nTakeuchi, Midori \nTakeuchi, Sachiko \nTashima, Yuri \nTazaki, Kensaku \nToda, Meriko \nTominomori, Keiji \nTsai, Ai Chih \nTsai, James \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) \nTsubaki, Shinroku \nUchida, Takashi \nUnion Theological Seminary \nUnited Church of Christ \nUnited States Army \nUniversity Congregational Church (Seattle, Wash.) \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nUniversity of Idaho \nUniversity of Washington School of Architecture \nUniversity of Washington \nUrakawa, Sanaye \nUrakawa, Starr \nUyeno, Benjamin \"Ben\" \nUyeno, Thomas \"Tom\" \nVan Horn, Francis \nVan Horn, Paul \nWard, L.V. \nWarren, Charles \nWarren, Cora \nWashington Congregational Conference \nWhetstone, Vivian \nWilson, I. \nUnited States Women's Army Corps \nWomen's Temperance Union \nYabu, Joseph \"Joe\" \nYabu, Shirley \nYamada, Sadao \nYamagiwa, Aiko \nYamagiwa, Chitake \nYamaguchi, Fumi \nYamaguchi, Jack \nYamaguchi, Pauline \nYamaguchi, Ruth \nYamaguchi, Tamezo \nYamaguchi, Toshiko \nYamanishi, Maria \nYamashita, Jack \nYamashita, Tossie \nYano, George \nYano, May \nYasuda, Chukichi \nYasunaga, Chiyoko \nYasutake, Mollie \nYoshida, Koji \nYoung Men's Christian Association (Seattle, Wash.) \nZee, Linda","download_large":"ddr-densho-474-53-mezzanine-6f91c7aa03-a.jpg"},{"id":"79","model":"narrator","index":"19 6719/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/79/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/79/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/storu.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/storu.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/79/interviews/"},"display_name":"Toru Sakahara","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 19, 1916, in Fife, Washington. During World War II, incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Resettled during the war to Salt Lake City, Utah, and returned to Seattle after the end of World War II. Mr. Sakahara worked on behalf of individuals filing claims for restitution under the Evacuation Claims Act and helped in the repeal of the Washington State alien land laws. Mr. Sakahara was a longtime member and former president of Japanese Community Service."},{"id":"299","model":"narrator","index":"20 6720/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/299/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/299/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/maya.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/maya.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/299/interviews/"},"display_name":"Aya Uenishi Medrud","bio":"Nisei female. Born April 9, 1925, in Malden, Washington. Grew up in Seattle, Washington, before being removed with family to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. From Minidoka, relocated with family to Utica, New York. Worked in Japan for the U.S. Army of Occupation, and for the Tokyo General Army Hospital during the Korean War. Married a U.S. Air Force officer and eventually moved to Boulder, Colorado. A Quaker and pacifist, Ms. Medrud continued her work with numerous civic organizations."},{"id":"277","model":"narrator","index":"21 6721/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/277/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/277/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/otakayo.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/otakayo.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/277/interviews/"},"display_name":"Rose Matsui Ochi","bio":"Nisei female. Born December 15, 1938, in Los Angeles, California. As a child, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Rohwer concentration camp, Arkansas. Following World War II, became a teacher and then went to law school. In 1974, worked for Los Angeles Mayor Bradley as a legislative research coordinator and eventually executive assistant to the mayor, heading up the Criminal Justice office. Served as the pro-bono lawyer for the Manzanar Committee and was instrumental in the site's establishment and development."},{"id":"484","model":"narrator","index":"22 6722/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/484/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/484/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mjim.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mjim.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/484/interviews/"},"display_name":"Jim Matsuoka","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 27, 1935, in Los Angeles, Califonia. Grew up in Los Angeles' Little Tokyo neighborhood prior to World War II. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed with family to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, returned to Los Angeles and attended school. Became involved in gang activity in L.A. in the 1950s. Served in the military from 1958 to 1960. Active in community social service organizations in Little Tokyo, and was one of the integral players in the redress movement."},{"id":"508","model":"narrator","index":"23 6723/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/508/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/508/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfred_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sfred_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/508/interviews/"},"display_name":"Fred Tadashi Shingu","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 14, 1923, in Yuba City, California. Grew up in Elk Grove, California. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, moved with family to Florin, California, and was removed to the Marysville Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. While in Tule Lake, refused to sign the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" and was confined in Tule Lake's stockade. Participated in a hunger strike, and eventually renounced U.S. citizenship. After release from Tule Lake, regained U.S. citizenship and returned to California."},{"id":"411","model":"narrator","index":"24 6724/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/411/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/411/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kyuri.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kyuri.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/411/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yuri Kochiyama","bio":"Nisei female. Born May 19, 1921, in San Pedro, California. During World War II, incarcerated in the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. After leaving camp, lived and worked in Mississippi before marrying and moving to the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. Became involved in a number of political causes during the Civil Rights Movement. Eventually met Malcolm X, and became a follower of his internationalist concept of human rights and nationalism based on self-determination and self-reliance."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Nisei","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}