(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"03:07:05","links_children":"ddr-densho-1001-40","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":151,"namepart":"Roy H. Matsumoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"John de Chadenedes"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs43","namepart":"Matsumoto, Roy Hiroshi"}],"contributor":"Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","creation":"September 6, 2008","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Roy H. Matsumoto narrator \nJohn de Chadenedes interviewer Matsumoto, Roy Hiroshi 88922nr015zs43","download_large":"denshovh-mroy_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-119-4","model":"entity","index":"1 6101/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-119-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-119-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-4-mezzanine-ef4e8cf340-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-4-mezzanine-ef4e8cf340-a.jpg"},"title":"Minidoka Irrigator Vol. I No. 4 (September 25, 1942)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Self-Gov't. to Begin\" (p. 1), \"Farm Hands to Commute\" (p. 1), \"Mass Meetings Scheduled Move Toward Democracy\" (p. 1), \"Ten Students Relocated\" (p. 1), \"Absentee Ballot Request Forms Arrive for Voters\" (p. 2), \"Glenn Moots Clothes Issue at Bay City\" (p. 2), \"Census Hits Block-A-Day Pace\" (p. 2), \"Couple Wed at Jerome\" (p. 2), \"Canteen Thieves Caught. 7 Boys Sign Confessions; Most of Loot Recovered\" (p. 3), \"Blk. 42 Begins Move to Ease Housing Jam\" (p. 3), \"Warning Out Against Dams\" (p. 3), \"'Chico' Case Stirs Movement for Release of Nisei Seamen\" (p. 3), \"Stunting Model Plane Roars Over Goggle-Eyed Residents\" (p. 4), \"4,500 Ordered to Arkansas\" (p. 4), \"Shoyu Retails at $4 a Gallon in Salt Lake\" (p. 4), \"Hunt Police Force to Wear Snappy Khaki Uniforms\" (p. 5), \"Stove Pipe Crews Work 24-Hour Shift\" (p. 5), \"Canal Reaches Community: Floods Area\" (p. 5), \"Daily Average of 40 Cases Visit Dentists\" (p. 5), \"3 More Wells to Augment Hunt Supply\" (p. 5), \"Stores to Use Stamps Soon\" (p. 6), \"Priorities Slow Down Co-op, Barber, Beauty Shops Open\" (p. 6).","extent":"1302W x 2170H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-119-4","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Minidoka Irrigator","id":"173"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Abe, Kaoru \"Chico\""},{"namepart":"Arai, Clarence Takaya"},{"namepart":"Ashida, Fukumi"},{"namepart":"Bacca, Joseph P."},{"namepart":"Bennett, Mildred E."},{"namepart":"Cole, Orby D."},{"namepart":"Fujino, Pete"},{"namepart":"Fushimi, Chikaji"},{"namepart":"Glenn, Marlow"},{"namepart":"Gomes, Tony"},{"namepart":"Hanna, Paul R."},{"namepart":"Hayashi, Eugene"},{"namepart":"Hayashi, Sada (Nakashima)"},{"namepart":"Hayashi, Takamura"},{"namepart":"Higashida, Seichi James"},{"namepart":"Higuchi, H. T."},{"namepart":"Hirai, Takaaki"},{"namepart":"Huycko, Lorne"},{"namepart":"Ichikawa, Taka"},{"namepart":"Itamie, Sumie"},{"namepart":"James, Harold"},{"namepart":"Jensen, Gerald"},{"namepart":"Kashiwagi, George S."},{"namepart":"Kawamura, Shizuko"},{"namepart":"Kimura, Frank"},{"namepart":"Kimura, Katherine"},{"namepart":"Kimura, Yukino"},{"namepart":"Light, Jerome T."},{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Takako"},{"namepart":"Minato, George"},{"namepart":"Miyagawa, Daiki"},{"namepart":"Morihiro, Roy"},{"namepart":"Morita, Tetsu"},{"namepart":"Naito, George"},{"namepart":"Nakashima, Helen (Shimizu)"},{"namepart":"Nakashima, John"},{"namepart":"Oishi, Arie"},{"namepart":"Oishi, Dale"},{"namepart":"Oishi, Seiichiro"},{"namepart":"Oka, Taka"},{"namepart":"Okada, John"},{"namepart":"Pomeroy, Richard A."},{"namepart":"Sandoz, Carl V."},{"namepart":"Shimizu, George"},{"namepart":"Shimizu, Yayo"},{"namepart":"Shoji, Chiseo"},{"namepart":"Sonoda, Jackson"},{"namepart":"Stafford, Harry L."},{"namepart":"Sugai, Don"},{"namepart":"Takahashi, Makiko"},{"namepart":"Takayama, Gertrude"},{"namepart":"Takayoshi, Kay"},{"namepart":"Takemura, Frank"},{"namepart":"Takeuchi, Dick"},{"namepart":"Tani, Kenji"},{"namepart":"Townsend, George L."},{"namepart":"Yamada, Hiroshi"},{"namepart":"Yanagimachi, Isamu Harry"},{"namepart":"Yanagimachi, Susumu Frank"},{"namepart":"Yanagimachi, Tsutomu William"},{"namepart":"Yare, Chozo"},{"namepart":"Yoshihara, Jack"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"September 25, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Abe, Kaoru \"Chico\" \nArai, Clarence Takaya \nAshida, Fukumi \nBacca, Joseph P. \nBennett, Mildred E. \nCole, Orby D. \nFujino, Pete \nFushimi, Chikaji \nGlenn, Marlow \nGomes, Tony \nHanna, Paul R. \nHayashi, Eugene \nHayashi, Sada (Nakashima) \nHayashi, Takamura \nHigashida, Seichi James \nHiguchi, H. T. \nHirai, Takaaki \nHuycko, Lorne \nIchikawa, Taka \nItamie, Sumie \nJames, Harold \nJensen, Gerald \nKashiwagi, George S. \nKawamura, Shizuko \nKimura, Frank \nKimura, Katherine \nKimura, Yukino \nLight, Jerome T. \nMatsumoto, Takako \nMinato, George \nMiyagawa, Daiki \nMorihiro, Roy \nMorita, Tetsu \nNaito, George \nNakashima, Helen (Shimizu) \nNakashima, John \nOishi, Arie \nOishi, Dale \nOishi, Seiichiro \nOka, Taka \nOkada, John \nPomeroy, Richard A. \nSandoz, Carl V. \nShimizu, George \nShimizu, Yayo \nShoji, Chiseo \nSonoda, Jackson \nStafford, Harry L. \nSugai, Don \nTakahashi, Makiko \nTakayama, Gertrude \nTakayoshi, Kay \nTakemura, Frank \nTakeuchi, Dick \nTani, Kenji \nTownsend, George L. \nYamada, Hiroshi \nYanagimachi, Isamu Harry \nYanagimachi, Susumu Frank \nYanagimachi, Tsutomu William \nYare, Chozo \nYoshihara, Jack","download_large":"ddr-densho-119-4-mezzanine-ef4e8cf340-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1024-13","model":"entity","index":"2 6102/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1024-13/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1024-13/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-13-mezzanine-905583dbb8-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-13-mezzanine-905583dbb8-a.jpg"},"title":"Lessons in Loyalty: One American's Internment Camp Experience","description":"Documentary film that profiles Masaji \"Mas\" Inoshita, a Nisei who was forcibly removed and incarcerated with his family at the Gila River , Arizona, camp during World War II and who subsequently served with the 442nd Regimental Combat Team . Lessons in Loyalty is built around interviews with Inoshita and also includes scenes of him visiting the Gila River site and speaking to a class about his experiences. Karen Leong, a professor at Arizona State University, provides the historical context. The film was produced by Ray Gonzales for the City of Chandler, Arizona in 2007.\r\n\r\nSee this item in the Densho Resource Guide at: Lessons in Loyalty: One American's Internment Camp Experience.\r\n\r\nSee this item in the Digital Library of the Japanese American Incarceration Films at: https://archive.org/details/cochaz-Lesson_In_Loyalty.","extent":"00:26:50","links_children":"ddr-densho-1024-13","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"City of Chandler"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"motion_picture","creation":"2018","status":"completed","search_hidden":"City of Chandler publisher","download_large":"ddr-densho-1024-13-mezzanine-905583dbb8-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-19","model":"entity","index":"3 6103/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-19/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-19/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview III","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"01:21:56","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-19","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 5, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-20","model":"entity","index":"4 6104/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-20/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-20/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-04-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-04-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview IV","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"01:49:44","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-20","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"February 17, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-04-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-17","model":"entity","index":"5 6105/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview I","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"02:53:51","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-17","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Becky Fukuda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"April 26, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nBecky Fukuda interviewer \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-18","model":"entity","index":"6 6106/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-18/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-18/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"02:31:45","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-18","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 25, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-115","model":"entity","index":"7 6107/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-115/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-115/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-05-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-05-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview V","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"01:55:10","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-115","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 4, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-05-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-sjacl-1-130","model":"entity","index":"8 6108/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-sjacl-1-130/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-sjacl-1-130/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-sjacl-1/ddr-sjacl-1-130-mezzanine-0198a3aade-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-sjacl-1/ddr-sjacl-1-130-mezzanine-0198a3aade-a.jpg"},"title":"Seattle Chapter, JACL Reporter, Vol. VIII, No. 5, May 1971","description":"Bulletin covering the following topics: Asian Drop In Center- ?The Asian Drop-In Center, 2523 Beacon Avenue South and sponsored by the Chapter, is a two story wooden frame house. There is something within which attracts the teenagers. This has been a home away from home where young people can be themselves. Supervisor Ruthann Kurose will attest to that. But to older generations people peeking in, the Center rains as mysterious as ever, and this may be true for the public in general. Benefits of the Center will have to be gauged on long-term effect we are told. However, the Center has been attentive to immediate problems as dropouts, referral pro for drug cases and for the emotionally disturbed. Miss Sharon Fujii, Sr. Joe Okimoto, will assist from Don Kazama and Sam Shoji will help unravel the workings of the Center. This will be the program portion of the meeting; Pride and Shame exhibit and JACL receive a $6,666.00 grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities for a portable exhibit and public presentations. Pride refers to the spirit of the Issei, the struggle of the Nisei, and the Sansei as they address the inequities of the past. Shame refers to the ?Shame? of American society that such inequities exist. Chair is Tomio Moriguchi.","extent":"8.5W x 14H","links_children":"ddr-sjacl-1-130","creators":[{"role":"Seattle Chapter, JACL","namepart":"publisher"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May. 1971","status":"completed","search_hidden":"publisher Seattle Chapter, JACL","download_large":"ddr-sjacl-1-130-mezzanine-0198a3aade-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-3","model":"entity","index":"9 6109/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-yminoru-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-yminoru-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Minoru Yasui Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born October 19, 1916, in Hood River, Oregon. Earned a law degree from the University of Oregon law school and was practicing law prior to World War II. In 1942, deliberately defied the curfew imposed upon Japanese Americans in Portland, Oregon, and was arrested. His case was tried, and he was sentenced to one year in prison and given a $5000 fine. The appeal eventually reached the Supreme Court, which ruled that the government did have the authority to restrict the lives of civilian citizens during wartime. Yasui's fine was removed and he was released to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. In the 1980s, his case was reopened under writ of error coram nobis, and 1986 his conviction was overturned by the Oregon federal court.
(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:44:28","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":519,"namepart":"Minoru Yasui"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0067r9w","namepart":"Yasui, Minoru"}],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Hood River, Oregon","creation":"October 23, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Minoru Yasui narrator Yasui, Minoru 88922nr0067r9w","download_large":"denshovh-yminoru-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-181","model":"entity","index":"10 6110/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-181/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-181/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kfred_g-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kfred_g-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Fred Korematsu - Kathryn Korematsu Interview","description":"This interview centers on the experiences of Fred Korematsu, a Nisei born January 30, 1919, in Oakland, California. Mr. Korematsu was working as a welder in San Francisco when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. After Executive Order 9066 was issued in 1942, he decided to resist the evacuation orders, and was not removed with his family. He was arrested in May of 1942, taken to jail, and eventually transferred to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, where his family was being held. He legally challenged the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, and his case made it to the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheld the order in 1944. Following World War II, Mr. Korematsu moved to Detroit, Michigan, where he married and raised a family before returning to California. In the early 1980s, his case was reopened after the discovery of a crucial document indicating that in the original 1944 case, the federal government had lied to the high court. The conviction was vacated by U.S. District Judge Marilyn Hall Patel in 1983, and in 1998, Mr. Korematsu was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
(Due to technical difficulties and conditions at the time of taping, there is loud background noise in this interview.)","extent":"01:21:43","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-181","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":205,"namepart":"Fred Korematsu"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":206,"namepart":"Kathryn Korematsu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Lorraine Bannai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tetsuden Kashima"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008bb3x","namepart":"Korematsu, Fred Toyosaburo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 14, 1996","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fred Korematsu narrator \nKathryn Korematsu narrator \nLorraine Bannai interviewer \nTetsuden Kashima interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Korematsu, Fred Toyosaburo 88922nr008bb3x","download_large":"denshovh-kfred_g-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-7-11","model":"entity","index":"11 6111/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-7-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-7-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-11-mezzanine-bcd394a101-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-7/ddr-densho-7-11-mezzanine-bcd394a101-a.jpg"},"title":"WRA resettlement image","description":"Original WRA caption: \"One of the most imposing and beautiful buildings in the city of Milwaukee is the Milwaukee County Building which was built at a cost of $10,000,000. With its well-laid out street, its inviting parklanes, and orderly lawns, Milwaukee not only offers Nisei new homes and new jobs, but gives them the advantage of beauty and comfort.\" Beginning in summer 1942, the War Relocation Authority (WRA) began to release incarcerees and encouraged them to resettle in areas of the United States other than the West Coast. However, many Japanese Americans were reluctant to leave (incarcerees did not depart in large numbers until 1944). The Issei in particular, many of whom were sixty or older, had little with which to start a new life after losing their farms and small businesses. Incarcerees also feared for their safety; reports and rumors of hostile treatment by outsiders were common in camps. The WRA started a campaign to show how good life was outside the camps and away from the West Coast. The agency took photographs of the Kaneko and Isoda families for that purpose. Tei Kaneko and her family joined her sister, Sachiko Isoda, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where a church had helped them find a furnished home. Incarcerees from various camps informed Kaneko that they had seen the WRA photographs posted on camp blackboards.","extent":"2107W x 1567H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-7-11","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Milwaukee, Wisconsin","creation":"1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-7-11-mezzanine-bcd394a101-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-71","model":"entity","index":"12 6112/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-71/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-71/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-71-mezzanine-25e7eaab52-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-71-mezzanine-25e7eaab52-a.jpg"},"title":"Envelope and letter to Dr. Dr. Keizaburo \"Kei\" Koyama from Teru Koyama","description":"Envelope addressed to Dr. Keizaburo Koyama at Santa Fe Detention Station from his wife, Teru Koyama, at Minidoka. Postmarked Sep 13, 1943. In place of postage, “Internee of War/Free Mail” is written in the upper right corner. Along the top “9/20-43” is written in red pencil. Inside the envelope is a letter dated Sept 12, 1943. At the top of the letter is an \"EXAMINED\" stamp signed in red ink. In the letter Teru inquires if Kei had his hearing yet, and hopes it will happen before the California hearing board leaves. She writes about a new missionary working in the camp and about attending the English services with the children instead of attending the Japanese services. She tells Kei that she cannot help the Azuma family, and advises that they seek out the WRE legal office. She does not want to create any additional problems for the family by becoming involved in anything outside of church. She writes about a farewell party she is about at attend for those headed to Tule Lake and worries that their children will not sit with her. In the postscript she writes about the party, since it was for the Kibeis it was primarily in Japanese. She discusses her feelings towards Kibeis and the differences between Issei, Kibei, and Nisei.","extent":"1 envelope: 6.5W x 3.5H; 1 letter: 6W x 9H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-71","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- U.S. Army internment camps","id":"432"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Religion","id":"75"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Minidoka, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Santa Fe","id":"27"},{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"09/12/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author","download_large":"ddr-one-5-71-mezzanine-25e7eaab52-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-8","model":"entity","index":"13 6113/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-8-mezzanine-f7fa85e213-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-8-mezzanine-f7fa85e213-a.jpg"},"title":"Looking ahead","description":"Term paper by Betty Hashimoto for period III Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Before being sent to Manzanar, Betty had planned to attend Woodbury Business College and then get a job as a receptionist with solid accounting skills. Betty briefly mentions a need for the Nisei community to prove their loyalty to the \"motherland,\" America. She hopes to move to Chicago soon to work as a stenographer and to attend school to improve her accounting skills. Betty's mentions her proposed future husband was working as a doctor in New York and looking to volunteer for the Army. She proposed to delay plans for a family and then dives into a discussion on growing up with much older siblings and making friends with people older than herself. Finally, Betty discusses the useful information she learned in her Social Problems course. She will not go into the world ignorant, for ignorant people cannot hope to be successful. Betty concludes with the idea that her immediate future is in the hands of the War Relocation Authority. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9008. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0008","extent":"5 pages, 10 x 8 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-8","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Hashimoto, Betty"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"3/1/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hashimoto, Betty author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-8-mezzanine-f7fa85e213-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-37-512","model":"entity","index":"14 6114/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-37-512/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-37-512/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-512-mezzanine-33103c27c4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-512-mezzanine-33103c27c4-a.jpg"},"title":"Granite monument memorial","description":"Original WRA caption: Granada Relocation Center, Amache, Colorado. Granite monument erected in memory of the center residents who died in the War Relocation Camp at Amache, Colorado, was dedicated on Sept. 6, 1945, in an outdoor ceremony at the cemetery. The monument was designed by Reverend Masahiko Wada. Names of 148 persons, including 31 Nisei who died in the service of their country, are inscribed on the stone. A total of nearly 15,000 evacuees were inducted into the Granada Project, Amache, Colorado, since August 27, 1942, when the first group arrived from the Merced Assembly Center to prepare the camp for those to follow. The Relocation Center, as its name implies, was a temporary residence for those of Japanese ancestry who were transferred from their homes along the west coast under a war emergency measure of 1942. Many of the evacuees during the past three years were able to resettle and find new homes in the Middle West and eastern states. From September 1, 1945, to the closing date of October 15, 3,105 persons have gone back to their former homes or have relocated elsewhere. The last to leave the center, a group of 126, left on two special coaches for Sacramento and nearby towns. At the peak of its population, Amache had 7,567 residents. 412 births were recorded and 107 deaths during the three years of its existence.","extent":"10W x 10H","links_children":"ddr-densho-37-512","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Iwasaki, Hikaru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Weddings","id":"196"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"photograph","location":"Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"1-Oct-45","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Iwasaki, Hikaru photographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-37-512-mezzanine-33103c27c4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-128","model":"entity","index":"15 6115/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-128/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-128/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Paul Bannai Interview I","description":"Nisei male. Born July 4, 1920 in Delta, Colorado. Grew up in small mining and farming towns in Colorado, Utah and Arizona, until his family moved to Boyle Heights in the Los Angeles, California area. After graduating from high school, he tested discrimination and employment practices and eventually succeeded in obtaining a job at a bank. During World War II, his family was held in Manzanar concentration camp, California. Mr. Bannai joined the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, and was later transferred to the U.S. Military Intelligence Service. He served in New Guinea and elsewhere overseas, was an interpreter for the Allied Translator and Interpreter Service (ATIS), and interpreted at the surrender of Japanese forces at ceremonies in Indonesia. Married and eventually resettled in Gardena, California, where he worked in the floral industry before founding the Bannai Realty and Insurance Company. An extremely active community and civic volunteer, Mr. Bannai joined the Elks Club as well as many veterans' and other organizations. He was elected to the Gardena city council in 1972, and in 1973 was elected to the California State Legislature. In 1980, Mr. Bannai became the executive director of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC). In 1981, he was appointed chief director of the Memorial Affairs Department of the Veterans Administration by President Ronald Reagan.","extent":"02:27:06","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-128","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":123,"namepart":"Paul Bannai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0099c15","namepart":"Bannai, Paul Takeo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 28, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Paul Bannai narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Bannai, Paul Takeo 88922nr0099c15","download_large":"denshovh-bpaul-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-150","model":"entity","index":"16 6116/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-150/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-150/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Paul Bannai Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born July 4, 1920 in Delta, Colorado. Grew up in small mining and farming towns in Colorado, Utah and Arizona, until his family moved to Boyle Heights in the Los Angeles, California area. After graduating from high school, he tested discrimination and employment practices and eventually succeeded in obtaining a job at a bank. During World War II, his family was held in Manzanar concentration camp, California. Mr. Bannai joined the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, and was later transferred to the U.S. Military Intelligence Service. He served in New Guinea and elsewhere overseas, was an interpreter for the Allied Translator and Interpreter Service (ATIS), and interpreted at the surrender of Japanese forces at ceremonies in Indonesia. Married and eventually resettled in Gardena, California, where he worked in the floral industry before founding the Bannai Realty and Insurance Company. An extremely active community and civic volunteer, Mr. Bannai joined the Elks Club as well as many veterans' and other organizations. He was elected to the Gardena city council in 1972, and in 1973 was elected to the California State Legislature. In 1980, Mr. Bannai became the executive director of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC). In 1981, he was appointed chief director of the Memorial Affairs Department of the Veterans Administration by President Ronald Reagan.","extent":"02:34:58","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-150","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":123,"namepart":"Paul Bannai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0099c15","namepart":"Bannai, Paul Takeo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 29, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Paul Bannai narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Bannai, Paul Takeo 88922nr0099c15","download_large":"denshovh-bpaul-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1024-103","model":"entity","index":"17 6117/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1024-103/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1024-103/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-103-mezzanine-6610f973ac-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-103-mezzanine-6610f973ac-a.jpg"},"title":"Speak Out for Justice: August 5, 1981 - Part 1","description":"Nisei (second-generation Japanese Americans) veterans speak out about the injustice shown to Japanese Americans during World War II and in solidarity demand redress. A confrontation occurs between testifier Jim Kawaminami and author Lillian Baker, who denied that Japanese Americans were incarcerated during World War II.\r\n\r\nIntroduction by Roy Nakano, Director of UCLA Asian American Studies Center. \r\n\r\nPart 1 Testifiers: \r\nRobert Farrell, \r\nThomas Kinaga,\r\nHiroshi Miyamura (read by Phil Shigekuni), \r\nPaul Oda, \r\nJim Kawaminami, \r\nJun Fukushima, \r\nMitsuo Usui, \r\nPaul Sagawa, \r\nRobert Hayamizu, \r\nTsuye Nozawa, \r\nRev. Bunyu Fujimura \r\n\r\nTo commemorate the 40th anniversary of the 1981 Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) Los Angeles hearings, Visual Communications and Nikkei for Civil Rights & Redress (NCRR) presents SPEAK OUT FOR JUSTICE, the entire gavel-to-gavel tape coverage of the Los Angeles hearings, held August 4 - 6, 1981. We are releasing the full 26 hours of tapes, comprising over 150 testimonies from those impacted by Executive Order 9066, including special introductions by various community members. Learn more and watch the rest of the footage at vcmedia.org/speakout\r\n\r\nSee this item in the Digital Library of the Japanese American Incarceration Films at: https://archive.org/details/ddr-densho-1024-103.","extent":"02:05:33","links_children":"ddr-densho-1024-103","topics":[{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) -- Hearings","id":"114"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Farrell, Robert"},{"namepart":"Kinaga, Thomas"},{"namepart":"Miyamura, Hiroshi"},{"namepart":"Oda, Paul"},{"namepart":"Kawaminami, Jim"},{"namepart":"Fukushima, Jun"},{"namepart":"Usui, Mitsuo"},{"namepart":"Sagawa, Paul"},{"namepart":"Hayamizu, Robert"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr012972p","namepart":"Nozawa, Tsuye Susie"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr015tp1n","namepart":"Fujimura, Bunyu"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"motion_picture","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"2021","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Farrell, Robert \nKinaga, Thomas \nMiyamura, Hiroshi \nOda, Paul \nKawaminami, Jim \nFukushima, Jun \nUsui, Mitsuo \nSagawa, Paul \nHayamizu, Robert \nNozawa, Tsuye Susie 88922nr012972p\nFujimura, Bunyu 88922nr015tp1n","download_large":"ddr-densho-1024-103-mezzanine-6610f973ac-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-190","model":"entity","index":"18 6118/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-190/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-190/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-190-mezzanine-0cd2c9126d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-190-mezzanine-0cd2c9126d-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Masao Okine to Mr. and Mrs. S. Okine, February 18, 1946 [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Masao Okine to his parents, Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine, along with a note in English. He writes from Tokyo, Japan, where he is stationed as a Nisei soldier. The letter is mailed via San Francisco by the U.S. Postal Service. In the letter, Masao informs that he has been transferred from Sagamihara to Tokyo, Japan a month ago and received only three letters from his parents since then. He assumes that the arrival of other letters would be delayed because of his address change. He worries about his family in California and informs that he is going to visit Hiroshima to see the relatives and friends. He also encloses an English note stating that he needs 4 cartons of cigarettes and mixed candies to be shipped. He instructs his parents to bring the note to the U.S. Post Office when they ship the cigarettes and candies to Japan. He also describes his life in Japan: Tokyo is convenient and he made friends with the Japanese. He often visits a friend's place and is treated as if he is one of their family members. The arrival date of the letter, March 18, 1946, and the replied date, March 21, 1946, are recorded. Also the shipping fees, 25 cents, are recorded. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: oki_02_34_001","extent":"3 pages, 9.75 x 6.75 inches handwritten; 1 sheet, 7.75 x 5 inches, handwritten; 1 envelope","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-190","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Okine, Masao"}],"topics":[{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Military service -- Postwar occupation of Japan","id":"199"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Tokyo, Japan","creation":"2/18/1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okine, Masao author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-190-mezzanine-0cd2c9126d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-279","model":"entity","index":"19 6119/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-279/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-279/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ntetsuo-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ntetsuo-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tetsuo Nomiyama Interview","description":"Kibei-Nisei male. Born January 20, 1916, in Alameda, California. At the age of five, family returned to live in Japan. Attended school in Japan before returning to the U.S. in 1937. Drafted into the U.S. Army, and was in training when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Resisted military orders while in basic training, and was court martialed and imprisoned in the stockade at Fort McClellan, Alabama. Along with other Japanese Americans in the same situation, the group later came to be known as the \"Fort McClellan Disciplinary Barrack Boys,\" or \"DB Boys.\" Sentenced to five years' imprisonment, and served at Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary. In the 1980s, a legal team headed by Mr. Nomiyama's son-in-law mounted a legal effort to clear the DB Boys' names. They succeeded in having the army grant honorable discharges, but were unable to get the court martials ultimately overturned.
(Participating in this interview is Mr. Paul Minerich, who is Mr. Nomiyama's son-in-law. An attorney, Mr. Minerich headed the effort to clear his father-in-law's name regarding his wartime court martial conviction. This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:17:06","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-279","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":482,"namepart":"Tetsuo Nomiyama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Westminster, California","creation":"May 2, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tetsuo Nomiyama narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ntetsuo-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-90","model":"entity","index":"20 6120/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-90/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-90/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tbill-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tbill-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Bill Thompson Interview","description":"Nisei male of Japanese and Scottish descent. Born in Hilo, Hawaii, 1924. Volunteered and served in the all Japanese American 442nd Regimental Combat Team, Headquarter's Company, Second Battalion's Anti-tank Platoon. Returned to Hawaii following the war where he attended the University of Hawaii, and later worked for the municipal government. Active in the 442nd Veterans Club in Hawaii.
This interview provides an account of the narrator's role in the effort to overturn the WWII military court-martial of Shiro Kashino, a serviceman falsely charged with the assault of an MP officer. Despite the fact that he had never met Mr. Kashino, Bill Thompson joined in the effort to reverse Mr. Kashino's court-martial, performing valuable research in the military archives. Later, Thompson was instrumental in the construction of a memorial to the Varsity Victory Volunteers -- Japanese American ROTC students who were among the first to volunteer for the draft during WWII -- on the campus of the University of Hawaii. Also of note in this interview is Mr. Thompson's unique experience as a biracial soldier serving in the 442nd.
(This interview was conducted at the 1998 Americans of Japanese Ancestry Veterans National Convention, held in Honolulu, Hawaii. Given the full conference schedule, interviews conducted at the reunion were shorter in length than typical Densho interviews and concentrated on a single topic, namely, the individual's military service during World War II.)","extent":"01:01:59","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-90","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":91,"namepart":"Bill Thompson"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"June 30, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Bill Thompson narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer","download_large":"denshovh-tbill-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1024-27","model":"entity","index":"21 6121/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1024-27/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1024-27/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-27-mezzanine-67dc65c008-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-27-mezzanine-67dc65c008-a.jpg"},"title":"Topaz, The Chessmen","description":"Short narrative film about Japanese Americans struggling to run a flower nursery set in Northern California in 1949. Based on a short story by Toshio Mori , filmmaker Ken Kokka made the film as a film student at UCLA.\r\n\r\nAs the story begins, Mas, a middle-aged Nisei man who had lost his nursery as a result of the wartime incarceration, works for Yosh. While Mas wants to grow the best flowers possible, Yosh is more concerned with cutting costs. Despite this, Mas convinces Yosh to hire George, a young man who has just dropped out of college. Though George is a good worker and aspires to own his own nursery, Yosh encourages him to go back to college, citing the difficulties of running a nursery and the hardships family members have to endure. When Mas is injured on the job, both men can see the writing on the all.\r\n\r\nSee this item in the Densho Resource Guide at: The Chessmen.\r\n\r\nSee this item in the Digital Library of the Japanese American Incarceration Films at: https://archive.org/details/ddr-densho-1024-27.","extent":"00:18:12","links_children":"ddr-densho-1024-27","topics":[{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture -- Flower growers","id":"346"}],"format":"av","contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"motion_picture","facility":[{"term":"Topaz (Central Utah)","id":"1"}],"creation":"2005","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-1024-27-mezzanine-67dc65c008-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-1","model":"entity","index":"22 6122/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-kfred-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-kfred-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Fred Korematsu Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born January 30, 1919, in Oakland, California. Mr. Korematsu was working as a welder in San Francisco when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. After Executive Order 9066 was issued in 1942, he decided to resist the evacuation orders, and was not removed with his family. He was arrested in May of 1942, taken to jail, and eventually transferred to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, where his family was being held. He legally challenged the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, and his case made it to the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheld the order in 1944. Following World War II, Mr. Korematsu moved to Detroit, Michigan, where he married and raised a family before returning to California. In the early 1980s, his case was reopened after the discovery of a crucial document indicating that in the original 1944 case, the federal government had lied to the high court. The conviction was vacated by U.S. District Judge Marilyn Hall Patel in 1983, and in 1998, Mr. Korematsu was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:13:52","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-1","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":205,"namepart":"Fred Korematsu"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008bb3x","namepart":"Korematsu, Fred Toyosaburo"}],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"November 15, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fred Korematsu narrator Korematsu, Fred Toyosaburo 88922nr008bb3x","download_large":"denshovh-kfred-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-2","model":"entity","index":"23 6123/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-hgordon-06-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-hgordon-06-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"
(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:15:22","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-2","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","creation":"October 25, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-06-a.jpg"},{"id":"583","model":"narrator","index":"24 6124/{'value': 6865, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/583/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/583/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hjane.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hjane.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/583/interviews/"},"display_name":"Jane Hidaka","bio":"Nisei female. Born August 18, 1933, in La Jolla, California. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome and Rohwer concentration camps, Arkansas. After leaving camp, moved to Chicago, Illinois. Eventually became involved with the Chicago Nisei Athletic Association (CNAA)."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Nisei","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}