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Oppenheim Interview","description":"White female. Born 1934 in Middletown, New York. Grew up in Monticello, New York. Author of several books about the Japanese American experience, including <i>Dear Miss Breed</i> and <i>Stanley Hayami, Nisei Son</i>.","extent":"01:49:27","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-417","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":733,"namepart":"Joanne F. Oppenheim"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"August 20, 2013","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Joanne F. Oppenheim narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ojoanne-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-483-132","model":"entity","index":"2 3402/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-483-132/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-483-132/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-483/ddr-densho-483-132-mezzanine-9af7ad5b3c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-483/ddr-densho-483-132-mezzanine-9af7ad5b3c-a.jpg"},"title":"Christmas letter","description":"Christmas letter from Tsutomu Fukuyama to family friends. The letter describes Christmas at Minidoka, housing conditions following transfers from Tule Lake and Manzanar, the agricultural impacts of the boll weaver, and the resettlement of Nisei Christians.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-483-132","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Fukuyama, Tsutomu"}],"topics":[{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Holidays and festivals","id":"71"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Religion","id":"75"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Cross-racial relations","id":"38"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture","id":"6"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/ddr001wg1","namepart":"Fukuyama, Tsutomu Tom"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"},{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"December 13, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fukuyama, Tsutomu author Fukuyama, Tsutomu Tom 88922ddr001wg1","download_large":"ddr-densho-483-132-mezzanine-9af7ad5b3c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-147-291","model":"entity","index":"3 3403/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-147-291/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-147-291/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-147/ddr-densho-147-291-mezzanine-8453f74f7c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-147/ddr-densho-147-291-mezzanine-8453f74f7c-a.jpg"},"title":"Granada Pioneer Vol. III No. 82 (August 11, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Grand Jury Indicts Watsons. Doi May Testify if Trial Held\" (p. 1), \"Deplores Discrimination of Nisei War Veterans\" (p. 1), \"Repatriates Must Also Plan\" (p. 3), \"Advises on New England Area\" (p. 3).","extent":"1200W x 2028H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-147-291","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Granada Pioneer","id":"211"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"August 11, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-147-291-mezzanine-8453f74f7c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-147-33","model":"entity","index":"4 3404/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-147-33/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-147-33/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-147/ddr-densho-147-33-mezzanine-8425e7bab7-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-147/ddr-densho-147-33-mezzanine-8425e7bab7-a.jpg"},"title":"Granada Pioneer Vol. I No. 32 (February 2, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Speed-Up of Leaves Urged\" (p. 1), \"Registration of All Citizens Scheduled. Army Team to Visit Center on Friday to Sign Up Nisei Men\" (p. 1), \"Visitors: AP Newsmen to Investigate\" (p. 1).","extent":"1224W x 2008H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-147-33","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Granada Pioneer","id":"211"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"February 2, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-147-33-mezzanine-8425e7bab7-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-147-280","model":"entity","index":"5 3405/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-147-280/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-147-280/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-147/ddr-densho-147-280-mezzanine-78de001776-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-147/ddr-densho-147-280-mezzanine-78de001776-a.jpg"},"title":"Granada Pioneer Vol. III No. 70 (July 4, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Bill Mauldin, Cartoonist: Scores Nisei Mistreatment\" (p. 2), \"Concerned by Boycotts Against Japanese Produce\" (p. 3), \"Bullet Fire Into Home of WRA Teacher\" (p. 3), \"California Echoes: Former Amacheans Doing OK\" (p. 5).","extent":"1204W x 2065H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-147-280","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Granada Pioneer","id":"211"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"July 4, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-147-280-mezzanine-78de001776-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-65-372","model":"entity","index":"6 3406/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-65-372/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-65-372/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-65/ddr-densho-65-372-mezzanine-1dec8e49d0-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-65/ddr-densho-65-372-mezzanine-1dec8e49d0-a.jpg"},"title":"Tulean Dispatch Vol. 5 No. 57 (May 26, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"San Francisco Newspapers Carry Stories on Evacuees\" (p. 1), \"Relax Restrictions for Nisei Work at Army Posts. War Department Action Paves Way for Hiring Evacuees\" (p. 1), \"Resettling Okay Informs Mayeda\" (p. 2).","extent":"1196W x 2008H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-65-372","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Tulean Dispatch","id":"174"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Tule Lake concentration camp, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"May 26, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-65-372-mezzanine-1dec8e49d0-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-535-168","model":"entity","index":"7 3407/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-535-168/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-535-168/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-535/ddr-densho-535-168-mezzanine-7efca9cd4f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-535/ddr-densho-535-168-mezzanine-7efca9cd4f-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Tadashi Ishida to Mr. & Mrs. Y Ishida","description":"Tad describes training and hike through the countryside; Tad enclosed an April 11, 1945 Stars and Stripes (Mediterranean) newspaper clipping featuring victory of Nisei regiment. Parents' note on envelope back:  171 Thursday April 19, 1945 PM","extent":"Letter: 6.25W x 10H; clipping: 8W x 7.75H; envelope: 6.5W x 3.75H","links_children":"ddr-densho-535-168","creators":[{"role":"author","nr_id":"88922/nr0085t0x","namepart":"Ishida, Tadashi"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- 442nd Regimental Combat Team","id":"89"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0085t0x","namepart":"Ishida, Tadashi"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr0085s9g","namepart":"Ishida, Fuku"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr0085s8s","namepart":"Ishida, Yoshio"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Italy;Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"April 11, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ishida, Tadashi author 88922nr0085t0xIshida, Tadashi 88922nr0085t0x\nIshida, Fuku 88922nr0085s9g\nIshida, Yoshio 88922nr0085s8s","download_large":"ddr-densho-535-168-mezzanine-7efca9cd4f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-1-620","model":"entity","index":"8 3408/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-1-620/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-1-620/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-620-mezzanine-ab64194886-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-620-mezzanine-ab64194886-a.jpg"},"title":"Poker on the Beach","description":"Black and white photographic negative of three Nisei men playing cards on a blanket at the beach.  Two unidentified men look on from behind.  From left to right players: Hiro Okayama, Shig Oka, and George Nakamura.","extent":"2.25 W x 2.25 H","links_children":"ddr-one-1-620","creators":[{"role":"Hirahara, Frank","namepart":"photographer"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Visual arts -- Photography","id":"267"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Community activities -- Travel","id":"332"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon -- Portland","id":"289"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"Oregon Coast","creation":"1948-1954","status":"completed","search_hidden":"photographer Hirahara, Frank","download_large":"ddr-one-1-620-mezzanine-ab64194886-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-356-1026","model":"entity","index":"9 3409/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-1026/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-356-1026/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-1026-mezzanine-7fd360d0a9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-1026-mezzanine-7fd360d0a9-a.jpg"},"title":"Booklet \"The Displaced Japanese-Americans\"","description":"Booklet titled \"The Displaced Japanese Americans\" that is a reprinting of the article \"Issei, Nisei, and Kibei\" from the April 1944 issue of Fortune Magazine.  The booklet's front and back covers include art by Mine Okubo.","extent":"6W x 9H","links_children":"ddr-densho-356-1026","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"American Council on Public Affairs"},{"role":"artist","namepart":"Okubo, Mine"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"American Council on Public Affairs"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"pamphlet","creation":"c. 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"American Council on Public Affairs publisher \nOkubo, Mine artist American Council on Public Affairs","download_large":"ddr-densho-356-1026-mezzanine-7fd360d0a9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-125-337","model":"entity","index":"10 3410/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-125-337/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-125-337/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-125/ddr-densho-125-337-mezzanine-2c90f43d35-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-125/ddr-densho-125-337-mezzanine-2c90f43d35-a.jpg"},"title":"Manzanar Free Press Vol. 6 No. 92 (May 9, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Two More Mess Halls Close as Population Decreases\" (p. 1), \"Final Civil Service Exams to be Given\" (p. 1), \"Persons Found Outside Center Boundary to be Denied Readmittance\" (p. 1), \"Washington Discloses Civilian Sugar Supply Cut Beginning May 1\" (p. 1), \"Merritt Warns on Water Supply for Garden Use\" (p. 1), \"Vandals Damage Empty Center Apartments\" (p. 1), \"Anti-Nisei Petition Circulated\" (p. 2), \"Remind Issei to Carry Registration Books\" (p. 2), \"Portland Banker Hits Anti-Japanese Groups at Gresham Gathering\" (p. 2), \"Radio Tokyo Says Nisei in Coast 'Mistreated'\" (p. 2), \"'No Room for Racial Differences' Says American Legion Head\" (p. 2), \"WRA Seeks to Reunite Family Members With Discharged Patients\" (p. 3), \"Monutt Seeks to Exterminate Nisei\" (p. 4), \"Truman Authorizes Use of WRA Money for Assistance Program\" (p. 4).","extent":"1083W x 1803H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-125-337","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Manzanar Free Press","id":"204"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Manzanar concentration camp, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"May 9, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-125-337-mezzanine-2c90f43d35-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-18-2","model":"entity","index":"11 3411/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-18-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-18-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-2-mezzanine-081f2051e3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-2-mezzanine-081f2051e3-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 22 No. 2 (January 12, 1946)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Justice Department Initiates Hearings for 3000 Persons Who Wish to Remain in U.S.\" (p. 1), \"Vandals Smash Glass in Store Owned by Nisei\" (p. 1), \"Japanese American Issue Raised at Hawaii Hearing. No Danger of Nisei Voting Bloc Seen by Proponents of Statehood Status for Islands\" (p. 1), \"Order Relaxes Restrictions on Enemy Aliens\" (p. 1), \"Fire Destroys School Building at Tule Lake Center\" (p. 1), \"Army Colonel Calls on Civic Leaders for Militant Activity to Prevent Anti-Evacuee Acts\" (p. 2), \"[Report] 22,500 Nisei Served in U.S. Army\" (p. 3), \"Canada Government Proceeds With Plans for Deportation of Repatriates, Renunciants\" (p. 3), \"Clarification by Alien Property Custodian Calms Fears of Issei on Seizure of Holdings\" (p. 3), \"Tule Lake Begins Year with Population Of Seven Thousand\" (p. 3).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-18-2","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"January 12, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-18-2-mezzanine-081f2051e3-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-28-14","model":"entity","index":"12 3412/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-28-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-28-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-14-mezzanine-6c4013418f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-14-mezzanine-6c4013418f-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 42, No. 14 (April 6, 1956)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Jr JACL program adopted for 14th national convention\" (p. 1), \"Picture-bride practice reversed as eight Nisei fly to Japan to be married\" (p. 1), \"Escheat case fight on appeal; JACL to sign amicus brief\" (p. 1), \"Justice Dep't orders certain claims to be heard by examiner\" (p. 1), \"Hilo Nisei doctor at Oak Ridge atomic energy laboratory honored in magazine article for successful skin grafts\" (p. 3), \"Greased pig chase planned as finale of Placer County JACL community picnic\" (p. 4), \"Konno hails new 1,500-m swim record, three Nisei tally in NCAA water finals\" (p. 6), \"Influential American Legion post in Stockton raps Newsweek in unanimously-passed resolution for Lincoln Yamamoto letter\" (p. 8), \"National Civil Liberties clearing house conference held in Washington\" (p. 8).","extent":"11.5W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-28-14","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"World War II -- Economic losses","id":"59"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Inagaki, George"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry K."},{"namepart":"Kushida, Tats"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Ichien, George M."},{"namepart":"Tajiri, Larry S."},{"namepart":"Yokozeki, Dave"},{"namepart":"Sakurada, Smoky H."},{"namepart":"Yoshida, Roy"},{"namepart":"Enomoto, Jerry"},{"namepart":"Matsumura, Phil"},{"namepart":"Yagi, Steve"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Elmer"},{"namepart":"Yamamoto, Eleanor"},{"namepart":"Konno, Ford"},{"namepart":"Yamasaki, Herb"},{"namepart":"Yomogida, Sam"},{"namepart":"Nishita, Bill"},{"namepart":"Mori, Henry"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"April 6, 1956","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Inagaki, George \nHonda, Harry K. \nKushida, Tats \nHosokawa, Bill \nIchien, George M. \nTajiri, Larry S. \nYokozeki, Dave \nSakurada, Smoky H. \nYoshida, Roy \nEnomoto, Jerry \nMatsumura, Phil \nYagi, Steve \nOgawa, Elmer \nYamamoto, Eleanor \nKonno, Ford \nYamasaki, Herb \nYomogida, Sam \nNishita, Bill \nMori, Henry \nMasaoka, Mike","download_large":"ddr-pc-28-14-mezzanine-6c4013418f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-29-11","model":"entity","index":"13 3413/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-29-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-29-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-11-mezzanine-b7f40d3f2d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-11-mezzanine-b7f40d3f2d-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 44, No. 11 (March 15, 1957)","description":"Select article titles: \"Fem keglers smash Nat'l CL marks\" (p. 1); \"Orange county builder denies Nisei home; sued for $10,000\" (p. 1); \"Chinese Americans feel need of national organization like JACL\" (p. 1); Utah civil rights bill gets shelved\" (p. 1); \"$90,000 advertising TV campaign signed by Kikkoman Shoyu\" (p. 2); \"Youngster didn't want to go to school that day because of word in textbook\" (p. 3); \"Philadelphia JACL celebrates 10th ann'y; hear Masakoa stress continuing need to remain vigilant to protect recent Nisei gains\" (p. 4); \"Nisei aide to Hawaii Delegate Burns to address March meeting of D.C. JACL\" (p. 5); \"Story of JACL certificates to distinguished Oregonians for wartime support placed in congressional record\" (p. 8); \"L.A. nursing group launch educational program to rid race bias in nursing.\" (p. 8).","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-29-11","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon","id":"284"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Education","id":"31"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Chinese American identity","id":"455"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation -- Legal cases","id":"341"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"03/15/1957","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-29-11-mezzanine-b7f40d3f2d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-31-16","model":"entity","index":"14 3414/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-31-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-31-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-31/ddr-pc-31-16-mezzanine-7365ece36f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-31/ddr-pc-31-16-mezzanine-7365ece36f-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 48, No. 16 (April 17, 1959)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Yen debt claimants seeking pre-war exchange rate\" (p. 1), \"Cal. FEPC bill signature by governor due\" (p. 1), \"442nd RCT linked with famous U.S. Army regiments of history\" (p. 1), \"Nisei greeted as 5-millionth visitor of United Nations\" (p. 1), \"Fair housing bill in Minnesota reported\" (p. 1), \"'Nothing in common' between language of Japan and China except for orthography\" (p. 2), \"Arizona alien land law repeal eyed by JACLers\" (p. 3), \"United organization of youth groups seen as function for San Francisco Jr. JACL\" (p. 4), \"Town Hall format proves stimulating as nine speakers analyze Nisei in community\" (p. 4), \"Private schools exempt from California civil rights law\" (p. 8), \"Statehood brings new challenges to Nisei, Michener tells 442nd veterans at fete\" (p. 8).","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-31-16","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"World War II -- Economic losses","id":"59"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Mimbu, William J."},{"namepart":"Koshio, Floyd"},{"namepart":"Sugiyama, George S."},{"namepart":"Higuchi, Tak"},{"namepart":"Yamamoto, Kakutaro"},{"namepart":"Yoshimura, Akiji"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry K."},{"namepart":"Takata, Fred"},{"namepart":"Satow, Masao"},{"namepart":"Suzukida, Berry"},{"namepart":"Fukiage, Eddie"},{"namepart":"Shimizu, Sydney Hiroko"},{"namepart":"Tajiri, Larry S."},{"namepart":"Fujii, Ken"},{"namepart":"Nomiya, Fred"},{"namepart":"Varnauchi, Linda"},{"namepart":"Kono, Gene"},{"namepart":"Sakamoto, Shig"},{"namepart":"Kobata, Jo Ann"},{"namepart":"Takei, Eddie"},{"namepart":"Suyehira, Yaeko"},{"namepart":"Iwai, Robert H."},{"namepart":"Mori, Henry"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Sugiyama, Frank"},{"namepart":"Uchida, Henry"},{"namepart":"Doi, Tom"},{"namepart":"Uyehara, Otta A."},{"namepart":"Osaki, Tom"},{"namepart":"Shimasaki, Tom"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"April 17, 1959","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher Mimbu, William J. \nKoshio, Floyd \nSugiyama, George S. \nHiguchi, Tak \nYamamoto, Kakutaro \nYoshimura, Akiji \nHonda, Harry K. \nTakata, Fred \nSatow, Masao \nSuzukida, Berry \nFukiage, Eddie \nShimizu, Sydney Hiroko \nTajiri, Larry S. \nFujii, Ken \nNomiya, Fred \nVarnauchi, Linda \nKono, Gene \nSakamoto, Shig \nKobata, Jo Ann \nTakei, Eddie \nSuyehira, Yaeko \nIwai, Robert H. \nMori, Henry \nMasaoka, Mike \nSugiyama, Frank \nUchida, Henry \nDoi, Tom \nUyehara, Otta A. \nOsaki, Tom \nShimasaki, Tom","download_large":"ddr-pc-31-16-mezzanine-7365ece36f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-119-40","model":"entity","index":"15 3415/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-119-40/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-119-40/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-40-mezzanine-ebb8674c18-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-40-mezzanine-ebb8674c18-a.jpg"},"title":"Minidoka Irrigator Vol. III No. 13 (May 22, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Nation's Press Misleading On Center's Closing Time\" (p. 1), \"Ousted Nisei Report Back To Work For Candy Firm\" (p. 1), \"WRA Centers Termed Undesirable; Myer Foresees 'Eventual Closing'\" (p. 1), \"Myer Stresses Necessity of Active Participation in Agricultural Program\" (p. 1), \"Highest Court Upholds Right of U.S. Born\" (p. 1), \"Holland Teams Absorption of Nisei Into U.S. Life 'Test of Americanism'\" (p. 2), \"Church Deplores Ousting Incident\" (p. 2), \"WRA Aims to Spread Nisei Thinly in U.S. Communities. Problems Lessened By Avoiding 'Little Tokyo' Settlements\" (p. 2), \"Movement Started to Block Japanese Return to Pac. Coast. Western Cities' Support Sought By Calif. League\" (p. 3), \"Committee to Help Public View Japanese Problem 'Objectively'\" (p. 4), \"Passes Not Issued Unless Forms for Property are Filled\" (p. 6).","extent":"1524W x 2008H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-119-40","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Minidoka Irrigator","id":"173"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"May 22, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-119-40-mezzanine-ebb8674c18-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1002-11-10","model":"segment","index":"16 3416/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1002-11-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1002-11-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-ojimmie-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-ojimmie-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Jimmie Omura Interview Segment 10","description":"First experience with Nisei journalism: editor of the <i>New Japanese American News</i> in Los Angeles, California<p>This interview was conducted by sisters Emiko and Chizuko Omori for their 1999 documentary,<i> Rabbit in the Moon</i>, about the Japanese American resisters of conscience in the World War II incarceration camps. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:08:31","links_children":"ddr-densho-1002-11-10","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":144,"namepart":"James Omura"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Chizu Omori"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emiko Omori"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Emiko Omori and Witt Mons"}],"topics":[{"term":"Industry and employment -- Journalism","id":"360"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Emiko and Chizuko Omori Collection","geography":[{"term":"Los Angeles, California","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1002608\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"March 21, 1994","status":"completed","search_hidden":"James Omura narrator \nChizu Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori and Witt Mons videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ojimmie-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-278-26","model":"segment","index":"17 3417/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-278-26/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-278-26/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yharry-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yharry-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Harry K. Yoshikawa Interview Segment 26","description":"Hearing about potential influx of Nisei draft resisters<p>Due to technical difficulties during the taping of this interview, the interviewer's voice is considerably louder than the narrator's. This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:02:18","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-278-26","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":481,"namepart":"Harry K. Yoshikawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Catalina Federal Honor Camp","id":"36"}],"creation":"April 14, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Harry K. Yoshikawa narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer","download_large":"denshovh-yharry-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-28-6","model":"segment","index":"18 3418/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-28-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-28-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-idaniel-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-idaniel-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Daniel Inouye Segment 6","description":"Reaction of parents to Nisei military volunteers in Hawaii<p>This interview was conducted at the senator's office in Honolulu, Hawaii, as part of a series of interviews with veterans attending the 1998 Americans of Japanese Ancestry Veterans National Convention held in Honolulu, Hawaii. Because of the full conference schedule, the interviews were generally shorter in length than the typical Densho interview and concentrated on a single topic, namely, the individual's military service during World War II.","extent":"00:04:35","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-28-6","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":32,"namepart":"Daniel Inouye"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Beverly Kashino"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Hawai'i","id":"277"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- 442nd Regimental Combat Team","id":"89"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Hawaii","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7007249\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"June 30, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Daniel Inouye narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nBeverly Kashino interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer","download_large":"denshovh-idaniel-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-141-413","model":"entity","index":"19 3419/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-141-413/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-141-413/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-141/ddr-densho-141-413-mezzanine-e6ee8ae1fc-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-141/ddr-densho-141-413-mezzanine-e6ee8ae1fc-a.jpg"},"title":"Gila News-Courier Vol. IV No. 54 (July 7, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Dr. Iki Says Conditions OK\" (p. 1), \"Colleges Accept More Scholars\" (p. 1), \"Cactus Bowl: Youth Canteen is Reorganized\" (p. 3), \"Nisei Aid in Race Committee\" (p. 4), \"Wisconsin Has Race Committee\" (p. 4).","extent":"1148W x 1980H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-141-413","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Gila News-Courier","id":"210"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Gila River concentration camp, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Gila River","id":"3"}],"creation":"July 7, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-141-413-mezzanine-e6ee8ae1fc-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-141-244","model":"entity","index":"20 3420/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-141-244/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-141-244/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-141/ddr-densho-141-244-mezzanine-08cd4a75f8-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-141/ddr-densho-141-244-mezzanine-08cd4a75f8-a.jpg"},"title":"Gila News-Courier Vol. III No. 89 (March 16, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Soldier's Family: Marital Status Must be Proved\" (p. 1), \"Jerome Center Residents to Move Here in June\" (p. 1), \"Myer Considers Nisei Position\" (p. 1), \"Labor Needs: Large Cities Listed by WMC\" (p. 2).","extent":"1148W x 1964H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-141-244","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Gila News-Courier","id":"210"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Gila River concentration camp, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Gila River","id":"3"}],"creation":"March 16, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-141-244-mezzanine-08cd4a75f8-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-141-83","model":"entity","index":"21 3421/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-141-83/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-141-83/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-141/ddr-densho-141-83-mezzanine-1577c627b5-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-141/ddr-densho-141-83-mezzanine-1577c627b5-a.jpg"},"title":"Gila News-Courier Vol. II No. 47 (April 20, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Naturalization Campaign Opens\" (p. 1), \"Nisei Soldiers: Free Movement. Western Defense Command Open\" (p. 1), \"J.L. Dewitt Upsets Evacuee Return to West Coast Plan\" (p. 1), \"Editorial: Who Will Your Decision Hurt?\" (p. 2).","extent":"1244W x 2016H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-141-83","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Gila News-Courier","id":"210"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Gila River concentration camp, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Gila River","id":"3"}],"creation":"April 20, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-141-83-mezzanine-1577c627b5-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-141-243","model":"entity","index":"22 3422/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-141-243/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-141-243/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-141/ddr-densho-141-243-mezzanine-5fda34e828-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-141/ddr-densho-141-243-mezzanine-5fda34e828-a.jpg"},"title":"Gila News-Courier Vol. III No. 88 (March 14, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Editorial: the Bane is Disunity\" (p. 1), \"Results of March 5 Army Examinations Released\" (p. 1), \"Kuroki Speaks to S.F. Club\" (p. 2), \"Half of Nisei Never Want to Return to California\" (p. 5).","extent":"1180W x 1968H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-141-243","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Gila News-Courier","id":"210"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Gila River concentration camp, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Gila River","id":"3"}],"creation":"March 14, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-141-243-mezzanine-5fda34e828-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-141-418","model":"entity","index":"23 3423/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-141-418/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-141-418/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-141/ddr-densho-141-418-mezzanine-73143abdf3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-141/ddr-densho-141-418-mezzanine-73143abdf3-a.jpg"},"title":"Gila News-Courier Vol. IV No. 59 (July 25, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Miller Gives Closing Dates for Schools\" (p. 1), \"Suggests State Buy Manzanar\" (p. 1), \"Class Opens in Janitor Work\" (p. 1), \"Recognition for Nisei\" (p. 2), \"Draft Trial: Supreme Court Denies Hearing\" (p. 3).","extent":"1168W x 1972H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-141-418","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Gila News-Courier","id":"210"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Gila River concentration camp, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Gila River","id":"3"}],"creation":"July 25, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-141-418-mezzanine-73143abdf3-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-141-209","model":"entity","index":"24 3424/{'value': 6909, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-141-209/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-141-209/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-141/ddr-densho-141-209-mezzanine-839e97d0ab-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-141/ddr-densho-141-209-mezzanine-839e97d0ab-a.jpg"},"title":"Gila News-Courier Vol. III No. 55 (December 28, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Resolution Allows Nisei Return to California for Farming\" (p. 1), \"Judicial Commissions to Try Offenses from Jan.\" (p. 1), \"Editorial: Contrast in Elections\" (p. 2), \"Six Barracks in Poston Destroyed by Flames\" (p. 3).","extent":"1224W x 2028H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-141-209","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Gila News-Courier","id":"210"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Gila River concentration camp, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Gila River","id":"3"}],"creation":"December 28, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-141-209-mezzanine-839e97d0ab-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Nisei","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}