(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"00:45:44","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-5","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr004xx71","namepart":"Emi, Frank Seishi"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Gabriel, California","creation":"February 23, 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer Emi, Frank Seishi 88922nr004xx71","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-433-1280","model":"entity","index":"1 2626/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-433-1280/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-433-1280/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-433/ddr-densho-433-1280-mezzanine-1d82b21e78-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-433/ddr-densho-433-1280-mezzanine-1d82b21e78-a.jpg"},"title":"Class photograph","description":"Written on verso: First Row - 1. Suzanne Stein, 2. Helen Wright, 3. Mildred Hizer, 4. Annette Holland, 5. Eleanor Howard, 6. Lorraine Stacy, 7. Dorothy Bacon, 8. Jackie Anderson, 9. Antoinette Trigo, 10. Joyce Ann Meyers, 11. Pat Moy, 12. Joy Sychr, 13. Gloria Cardozie, 14. Pearl Morgan, 15. Betty Belmont, Second Row - 1. Mr. Hockabout, 2. Antoinette Rodgers, 3. Noreen Alves, 4. Patsy Ferris, 5. Phyllis Andrade, 6. Marrymae Moore, 7. Yoshi Haramaki, 8. Ann Collett, 9. Nancy Ventosa, 10. Rosemarie Medeiros, 11. Eva Silva, 12. Germaine Witt, 13. Barbara Curry, 14. Dorothy Klein, 15. Barbara Monney, 16. Hanako Fujii, 17. Mildred Casnacko, 18. June Hancock, Third Row - 1. Bill P. Coady, 2. John Chapell, 3. Wesley Fredericksen, 4. Angelo Arhontes, 5. Vince Monte, 6. Harry Edwards Jr., 7. Clifford Hitchcock, 9. Buddy Herrier, 10. Edward Garcia, 11. Robert Rouse, 12. Bob Cooper, 13. Dean Underwood, 14. Elanonal Nelson, 15. Phillip Dominicia, I write their names, Taken October 1940.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-433-1280","topics":[{"term":"Education -- Primary education","id":"333"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0125q1p","namepart":"Fujii, Hanako"},{"namepart":"Haramaki, Yoshi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","creation":"October 1940","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fujii, Hanako 88922nr0125q1p\nHaramaki, Yoshi","download_large":"ddr-densho-433-1280-mezzanine-1d82b21e78-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-20","model":"entity","index":"2 2627/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-20/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-20/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Emi Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born September 23, 1916, in Los Angeles, California. Attended Los Angeles City College for one year before leaving to run the family produce business. Married and had a daughter before being removed to Pomona Assembly Center, California, and Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. The leader of Heart Mountain's Fair Play Committee, was convicted of resisting the draft, and was imprisoned for eighteen months at Leavenworth, Kansas. After leaving prison, worked for the U.S. post office and the California state unemployment office. Mr. Emi practiced judo as a young person before the war, and postwar, taught at the Hollywood Judo Dojo.
(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:39:02","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-20","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr004xx71","namepart":"Emi, Frank Seishi"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"January 30, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer Emi, Frank Seishi 88922nr004xx71","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-65-366","model":"entity","index":"3 2628/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-65-366/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-65-366/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-65/ddr-densho-65-366-mezzanine-c75f75bf0c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-65/ddr-densho-65-366-mezzanine-c75f75bf0c-a.jpg"},"title":"Tulean Dispatch Vol. 5 No. 50 (May 18, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Shoe Certificates to be Distributed on Arrival. Delay No Fault of Mgrs.\" (p. 1), \"Qualified Persons May Go Out on Civil Service Jobs\" (p. 1), \"Minor Cases Were Tried Last Week\" (p. 2), \"100 Railroad Workers Needed\" (p. 2).","extent":"1183W x 2004H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-65-366","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Tulean Dispatch","id":"174"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Sakahara, Dan"},{"namepart":"Noji, Oliver K."},{"namepart":"Nakagawa, Tom"},{"namepart":"Oshita, William"},{"namepart":"Okimoto, Frank"},{"namepart":"Omoto, Kay"},{"namepart":"Goi, George"},{"namepart":"Fagan, Frank D."},{"namepart":"Forrest, Charles"},{"namepart":"Forrest, Helen"},{"namepart":"Kurosawa, Kenkichi"},{"namepart":"Kurosawa, Shizuko"},{"namepart":"Shigio, Teruyo"},{"namepart":"Shigio, Tom Tsunoru"},{"namepart":"Shigio, Junko"},{"namepart":"Shigio, James"},{"namepart":"Cole, Delbert R."},{"namepart":"Jacoby, Mr."},{"namepart":"Ritter, Ed."},{"namepart":"Ritter, Helen"},{"namepart":"Sato, Hide"},{"namepart":"Fagan, Frank"},{"namepart":"Yuasa, Ayako"},{"namepart":"Musagawa, K. J."},{"namepart":"Nishita, M."},{"namepart":"Umeki, Seisuke"},{"namepart":"Watanabe, Masatoshi"},{"namepart":"Kawaguchi, Yoshimi"},{"namepart":"Miike, Seiichi"},{"namepart":"Mori, L."},{"namepart":"Nakamura, Ren"},{"namepart":"Kamaya, George"},{"namepart":"Kamaya, K."},{"namepart":"Davis, James"},{"namepart":"Tanaka, Tsuna"},{"namepart":"Uyeda, Kikusaburo"},{"namepart":"Mayeda, Bryan"},{"namepart":"Coverley, H. C."},{"namepart":"Foss, Archie"},{"namepart":"Koga, Albert"},{"namepart":"Tokuyoshi, Louise"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Louise"},{"namepart":"Tokuyoshi, Kiyoko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Tule Lake concentration camp, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"May 18, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Sakahara, Dan \nNoji, Oliver K. \nNakagawa, Tom \nOshita, William \nOkimoto, Frank \nOmoto, Kay \nGoi, George \nFagan, Frank D. \nForrest, Charles \nForrest, Helen \nKurosawa, Kenkichi \nKurosawa, Shizuko \nShigio, Teruyo \nShigio, Tom Tsunoru \nShigio, Junko \nShigio, James \nCole, Delbert R. \nJacoby, Mr. \nRitter, Ed. \nRitter, Helen \nSato, Hide \nFagan, Frank \nYuasa, Ayako \nMusagawa, K. J. \nNishita, M. \nUmeki, Seisuke \nWatanabe, Masatoshi \nKawaguchi, Yoshimi \nMiike, Seiichi \nMori, L. \nNakamura, Ren \nKamaya, George \nKamaya, K. \nDavis, James \nTanaka, Tsuna \nUyeda, Kikusaburo \nMayeda, Bryan \nCoverley, H. C. \nFoss, Archie \nKoga, Albert \nTokuyoshi, Louise \nOgawa, Louise \nTokuyoshi, Kiyoko","download_large":"ddr-densho-65-366-mezzanine-c75f75bf0c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-2-83","model":"entity","index":"4 2629/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-83/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-2-83/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-2/ddr-csujad-2-83-mezzanine-a037809567-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-2/ddr-csujad-2-83-mezzanine-a037809567-a.jpg"},"title":"Memo from Harry L. Black, Assistant Project Director, to Willard E. Schmidt, Chief of Police, re: disorders in Block #54, June 2, 1944","description":"Discusses imprisonment in the stockade of 12 incarcerees and tension concerning the Japanese Language Schools and the schools in the camps, detailing what it terms \"terrorist tactics\" on the part of the Japanese Language School's proponents and concluding that the Project Director is justified in using the stockade for disciplinary purposes. The document also includes the directive, Administration of Japanese Language Schools at Tule Lake incarceration camp (March 30, 1944 by R. R. Best, Project Director), which outlines policy regarding the camp and Japanese Language Schools; a memo regarding this directive \"prepared as a public announcement by Mr. Harkness, Superintendent of Schools... (May 18, 1944);\" and a memo from Kenneth M. Harkness, Superintendent of Schools, to Harry L. Black, Chief, Community Management (May 21, 1944) concerning these memoranda. Also included is an envelope from the Federal Communications Commission to Willard E. Schmidt marked Personal and Confidential. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0083","extent":"11 pages, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-2-83","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Black, Harry L."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Conflicts, intimidation, and violence","id":"162"},{"term":"Education -- Japanese language schools","id":"33"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"San Jose State University Department of Special Collections and Archives","rights":"pcc","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"6/2/1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Black, Harry L. author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-2-83-mezzanine-a037809567-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-17","model":"entity","index":"5 2630/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-17-mezzanine-41e8c42e6f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-17-mezzanine-41e8c42e6f-a.jpg"},"title":"My future plan","description":"Term Paper by Michiko Mikami for period III Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Michiko focuses on the injustices done to his family and himself in events leading up to and including the mass removal. He mentions that his father was detained by the FBI for several months with no explanation and as a result he had to fill in at his family grocery store. Due to this he had to drop out of school. He comments on the multi-cultural nature of the country, but realizes that not every race is treated equally. He ends by stating that he had many hopes for the future before the war, but now just wants to be able to take care of his parents. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9017. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0017","extent":"7 pages, 11 x 8.5 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-17","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Mikami, Michiko"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"2/24/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mikami, Michiko author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-17-mezzanine-41e8c42e6f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-4-534","model":"entity","index":"6 2631/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-4-534/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-4-534/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-534-master-3cd802966b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-534-master-3cd802966b-a.jpg"},"title":"Article regarding Hidemi Kon and Hideo Kobayashi","description":"Caption on reverse [translation]: \"Touring the West After Coronation. Hidemi Kon and Hideo Kobayashi. Mr. Hidemi Kon, who is famous for his book \"A Night in Hawaii,\" came to Honolulu last night with his best friend, the critic Hideo Kobayashi. They were on their way back from a tour of the West. Talk Between Kon and Kobayashi. 'We left Japan Christmas Eve last year and stayed in Europe for five months. The schedule was so busy; we had no time to go out drinking.\n\"During our stay we attended the Cannes film festival and the coronation ceremony of the Queen of the U.K. It was disappointing to see so many Japanese there. We traveled in Egypt, Greece, Spain, and Holland. We were able to gather a lot of stories, but it was very tiring. We were planning to stay in Hawaii for a week to relax, however, traveling more than 6 months made us anxious to go home.' Both Kon (left) and Kobayashi (right) will leave for Japan by air tomorrow night at 10 p.m.\"","extent":"5.5W x 6.25H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-4-534","format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Kon, Hidemi"},{"namepart":"Kobayashi, Hideo"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"clipping","location":"Honolulu, Hawai'i","creation":"1-Jul-53","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kon, Hidemi \nKobayashi, Hideo","download_large":"ddr-njpa-4-534-master-3cd802966b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-4-982","model":"entity","index":"7 2632/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-4-982/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-4-982/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-982-master-0573897bc3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-982-master-0573897bc3-a.jpg"},"title":"Photograph and article regarding Tamon Maeda","description":"Article [translation]: \"Information Library Mission. New York office chairman Tamon Maeda talks. An interview with Chairman of the New York office of the International Cultural Promotion Society, Tamon Maeda. The International Cultural Promotion Society New York Office was established in November of last year, and now eleven Japanese and four Americans, a total of fourteen people, are working there. It is located on the thirty-sixth floor of Rockefeller Center, and has a great a view. Mr. Kabayama chose this location. The main task of the New York office is the Information Library, that is to provide objective resources on things related to Japan. For this purpose 6,000 Japanese publications and 4,000 English publications, a total of 10,000 books, in addition to statistical almanacs from the first volume, magazines, pamphlets, etc., are available. This Information Library may not have an immediate effect, but may bring visible effects little by little. Americans who can read Japan refer to the Japanese books. The 10,000 books include a wide range of summary information. When the first German Army invaded Holland ... [cut off].\"","extent":"4.5W x 3.5H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-4-982","format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Maeda, Tamon"},{"namepart":"Kamiya, Mieko"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"clipping","creation":"29-Jun-40","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Maeda, Tamon \nKamiya, Mieko","download_large":"ddr-njpa-4-982-master-0573897bc3-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-4-406","model":"entity","index":"8 2633/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-4-406/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-4-406/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-406-master-a3aad0fbc1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-406-master-a3aad0fbc1-a.jpg"},"title":"Article regarding Hidemichi Kira's arrival in Hawai'i","description":"Caption on front: \"Hidemichi Kira, New Japanese Consul, Arrives. Consul Hidemichi Kira arrived here from Tokyo by Pan American Clipper yesterday afternoon to join the local Japanese consulate-general staff. He was accompanied by his wife, Setsuko, and their daughter, Michiko, who is three years and seven months old. Consul Kira will succeed Consul Hiroshi Hitomi, who is leaving Honolulu on May 31 aboard the APL liner President Wilson with Mrs. Hitomi and their two-year-old son, Kaoru, for a new assignment at the Japanese foreign office in Tokyo. The new local Japanese consul has been with the marketing section of the Japanese trade ministry for the past three years. A native of Kagawa prefecture, he was graduated from Tokyo university in 1941. Born in Kamakura, Japan, Mrs. Kira is the daughter of the proprietor of the Hoshigaoka Saryo, exclusive Tokyo restaurant. She is a graduate of the Junko Gakuin, a Buddhist school in Yokohama, and her hobby is horseback riding. Mr. and Mrs. Kira will make their home at 3244 Woodlawn Drive.\"","extent":"2.25W x 5.5H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-4-406","format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Kira, Hidemichi"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"clipping","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kira, Hidemichi","download_large":"ddr-njpa-4-406-master-a3aad0fbc1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1008-3","model":"entity","index":"9 2634/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1008-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1008-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1008/denshovh-mmitsue-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1008/denshovh-mmitsue-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Mitsue Matsui Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born November 3, 1918, in San Francisco, California. As a young woman, entire family visited Japan for ten months, where she acquired the skill of Japanese typing at the Kumahira Typist Yoseisho in Hiroshima. Returned to the U.S. with most of her family (eldest brother remained in Japan) and was working at the Japanese Chamber of Commerce in San Francisco when the U.S. entered World War II. Was incarcerated with the family at Tanforan Assembly Center, San Bruno, California and Topaz concentration camp, Utah. After spending a year at Topaz, was able to secure employment as a Japanese typist at the Military Intelligence Service Language School (MISLS), Camp Savage and Fort Snelling, Minnesota. Soon thereafter, was temporarily assigned as secretary to Mr. John F. Aiso and remained in that capacity until Major Aiso received orders to go overseas. Married a MISLS instructor, and went again to Japan postwar during her husband's service in the U.S. occupation forces.
(Members of the National Japanese American Historical Society (NJAHS) arranged for and conducted this interview in conjunction with Densho.)","extent":"01:30:44","links_children":"ddr-densho-1008-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":52,"namepart":"Mitsue Matsui"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Marvin Uratsu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Gary Otake"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008b87c","namepart":"Kono, Mitsue"}],"contributor":"National Japanese American Historical Society Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 12, 1997","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mitsue Matsui narrator \nMarvin Uratsu interviewer \nGary Otake interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Kono, Mitsue 88922nr008b87c","download_large":"denshovh-mmitsue-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-86","model":"entity","index":"10 2635/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-86/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-86/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-sfloyd-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-sfloyd-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Floyd Schmoe Interview II","description":"White male. Born September 21, 1895. Sixth generation Quaker and an internationally recognized pacifist and peace activist. He was a forest ecologist, marine biologist, college professor, and leader of many volunteer service groups. During World War II, he was a leader in persuading colleges outside of the evacuation zone to accept Japanese American students, and in many other ways served the Japanese American community during their incarceration, and as they restarted their lives following the war. At the end of the war, he turned his attention to Japan and worked on recovery efforts there by building homes in Hiroshima. At the age of ninety-five he created the Seattle Peace Park, planning, bulldozing and planting the park in memorial to lives lost in the bombing of Japan, and as a testimony to peace.
(In this interview Mr. Schmoe refers to Aki Kurose, a former employee, fellow Quaker, peace activist, and long-time friend. At the time of this interview, Ms. Kurose had recently passed away after a long struggle with cancer.)","extent":"01:20:53","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-86","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":86,"namepart":"Floyd Schmoe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Elmer Good"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"June 22, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Floyd Schmoe narrator \nElmer Good interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer","download_large":"denshovh-sfloyd-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-83","model":"entity","index":"11 2636/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-83/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-83/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-sfloyd-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-sfloyd-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Floyd Schmoe Interview I","description":"White male. Born September 21, 1895. Sixth generation Quaker and an internationally recognized pacifist and peace activist. He was a forest ecologist, marine biologist, college professor, and leader of many volunteer service groups. During World War II, he was a leader in persuading colleges outside of the evacuation zone to accept Japanese American students, and in many other ways served the Japanese American community during their incarceration, and as they restarted their lives following the war. At the end of the war, he turned his attention to Japan and worked on recovery efforts there by building homes in Hiroshima. At the age of ninety-five he created the Seattle Peace Park, planning, bulldozing and planting the park in memorial to lives lost in the bombing of Japan, and as a testimony to peace.
(In this interview Mr. Schmoe refers to Aki Kurose, a former employee, fellow Quaker, peace activist, and long-time friend. At the time of this interview, Ms. Kurose had recently passed away after a long struggle with cancer.)","extent":"01:16:42","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-83","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":86,"namepart":"Floyd Schmoe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Elmer Good"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"June 10, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Floyd Schmoe narrator \nElmer Good interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer","download_large":"denshovh-sfloyd-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-316","model":"entity","index":"12 2637/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-316/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-316/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mramsay-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mramsay-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Ramsay Yosuke Mori Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born February 23, 1933, in Tokyo, Japan. Moved with parents to Hawaii at a young age, and grew up in Honolulu, where family held a prominent position in the community. Just prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, parents received a phone call from Japan, which was tapped by the FBI. The U.S. government misconstrued the conversation, and on December 7, 1941, they were picked up by the FBI and taken to Sand Island internment camp, Hawaii, and Crystal City internment camp, Texas. Mr. Mori was eight years old at the time, and spent the duration of World War II without his parents. After the war, served in the U.S. military and eventually established a career in the airline industry.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"03:08:03","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-316","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":546,"namepart":"Ramsay Yosuke Mori"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Kelli Nakamura"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Hawai'i","id":"277"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honoulu, Hawaii","facility":[{"term":"Crystal City","id":"29"}],"creation":"February 28, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ramsay Yosuke Mori narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nKelli Nakamura interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-mramsay-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-9","model":"entity","index":"13 2638/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kdave-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kdave-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Dave Kawamoto Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born December 16, 1916, in Cupertino, California. Attended San Jose State College, where he was an NCAA wrestling champion. Immediately after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, tried to enlist in the U.S. Air Corps, but was refused on account of his Japanese ancestry. Was one semester short of earning a business degree when he was removed with his family to the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Was one of the Heart Mountain resisters of conscience, and stood trial in Cheyenne, Wyoming, for resisting the draft in 1944. After World War II, went into civil service and a fruit-selling business. Mr. Kawamoto was posthumously awarded his business degree from San Jose State.
(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"00:40:47","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-9","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":155,"namepart":"Dave Kawamoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008tt0q","namepart":"Kawamoto, Dave Tetsutaro"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Dave Kawamoto narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer Kawamoto, Dave Tetsutaro 88922nr008tt0q","download_large":"denshovh-kdave-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-23-8","model":"entity","index":"14 2639/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-23-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-23-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-8-mezzanine-1cd113cff7-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-8-mezzanine-1cd113cff7-a.jpg"},"title":"Masonite","description":"Oil Painting no. 1 of 2 \"Masonite\" by Geichiro Kare Kuramatsu. Geichiro (Ernest) Kare Kuramatsu was born in Japan in 1885 to a Russian mother and Japanese father. The family moved to Canada, and Ernest saw combat while serving with the Canadian Army in France during World War I. He completed this oil painting in 1943 while incarcerated at the Granada (Amache) camp. Mr. Kuramatsu received art training at the University of Minnesota and was living near Carmel, California and working with noted seascape artist Paul Dougherty at the outbreak of WW II. Following Franklin D. Roosevelt's issuance of Executive Order 9066 in Feb. 1942, Kuramatsu was confined at the Merced Assembly Center and then sent to Amache in the southeastern desert of Colorado. At Amache, he lived next door to Henry and Ann Fujita from Petaluma, California. Ann was an amateur artist who admired Kuramatsu's work. He presented these two oil paintings to her as gifts in 1943. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: lp028-08-007","extent":"color, 15.5 x 20.3 cm","links_children":"ddr-csujad-23-8","creators":[{"role":"artist","namepart":"Kuramatsu, Geichiro Kare"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Visual arts -- Painting","id":"265"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Sonoma State University Library, Rohnert Park, California","rights":"nocc","genre":"painting","location":"Amache, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"circa 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kuramatsu, Geichiro Kare artist","download_large":"ddr-csujad-23-8-mezzanine-1cd113cff7-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-23-6","model":"entity","index":"15 2640/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-23-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-23-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-6-mezzanine-e2354a5456-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-6-mezzanine-e2354a5456-a.jpg"},"title":"Masonite","description":"Oil Painting no. 2 of 2 \"Masonite\" by Geichiro Kare Kuramatsu. Geichiro (Ernest) Kare Kuramatsu was born in Japan in 1885 to a Russian mother and Japanese father. The family moved to Canada, and Ernest saw combat while serving with the Canadian Army in France during World War I. He completed this oil painting in 1943 while incarcerated at the Granada (Amache) camp. Mr. Kuramatsu received art training at the University of Minnesota and was living near Carmel, California and working with noted seascape artist Paul Dougherty at the outbreak of WW II. Following Franklin D. Roosevelt's issuance of Executive Order 9066 in Feb. 1942, Kuramatsu was confined at the Merced Assembly Center and then sent to Amache in the southeastern desert of Colorado. At Amache, he lived next door to Henry and Ann Fujita from Petaluma, California. Ann was an amateur artist who admired Kuramatsu's work. He presented these two oil paintings to her as gifts in 1943. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: lp028-08-005","extent":"color, 15.4 x 20.3 cm","links_children":"ddr-csujad-23-6","creators":[{"role":"artist","namepart":"Kuramatsu, Geichiro Kare"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Visual arts -- Painting","id":"265"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Sonoma State University Library, Rohnert Park, California","rights":"nocc","genre":"painting","location":"Amache, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"circa 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kuramatsu, Geichiro Kare artist","download_large":"ddr-csujad-23-6-mezzanine-e2354a5456-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-9","model":"entity","index":"16 2641/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-9-mezzanine-17a410fe50-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-9-mezzanine-17a410fe50-a.jpg"},"title":"Planning for the future","description":"Term paper by Mitsuko Mitsui for Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Mitsuko is very aware of the discussions of whether to return to Japan or stay in America and plans for what \"girls\" should be doing with their lives. Mitsuko wants to remain in America. She expresses a wish to never go to Japan. She wanted to have adventures and worry about settling down further in the future. Mitsuko describes a need to get out to prove herself on her own but didn't know what to do if the war continued as she really disliked camp. Mitsuko shows determination to \"look on the bright side.\" If things were normal, she would have finished her major and maybe be working in a sewing factory. She believed strongly in continuing to have fun and not getting too engrossed in work. She wanted to find happiness not a career necessarily. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9009. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0009","extent":"6 pages, 11 x 8.5 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-9","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Mitsui, Mitsuko"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mitsui, Mitsuko author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-9-mezzanine-17a410fe50-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-153","model":"entity","index":"17 2642/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-153/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-153/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mroy-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mroy-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Roy H. Matsumoto Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born May 1, 1913, in Laguna, California. Lived in Japan from childhood through teenage years, before returning to the United States during high school. Incarcerated in the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Volunteered for the U.S. army in 1942, and was inducted in the Military Intelligence Service. Selected for a dangerous mission in Burma, becoming one of the famed Merrill's Marauders. Provided crucial intelligence information for the U.S. government after tapping into a Japanese army communications wire in Burma. Instrumental in a mission to hold Nhpum Ga hill in Burma, in which he shouted military orders in Japanese to confuse the attacking Japanese soldiers. Awarded the Legion of Merit from the U.S. military, and stationed in China and Japan after the war. Met future wife while working undercover in Japan. Inducted into the Ranger Hall of Fame in 1993.
(Although Mr. Matsumoto does not identify himself as a Kibei (American-born person of Japanese ancestry sent to Japan for formal education and socialization when young and later returned to the U.S.), some of his life experiences are similar to those who do identify themselves as such.)","extent":"07:40:41","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-153","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":151,"namepart":"Roy H. Matsumoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs43","namepart":"Matsumoto, Roy Hiroshi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 17 & 18, 2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Roy H. Matsumoto narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Matsumoto, Roy Hiroshi 88922nr015zs43","download_large":"denshovh-mroy-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-232","model":"entity","index":"18 2643/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-232/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-232/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-232-mezzanine-cd0ea81f91-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-232-mezzanine-cd0ea81f91-a.jpg"},"title":"Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 5 of 13.","description":"Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. Mrs. Koyama details the efforts she and others have made on behalf of her husband. While her husband was incarcerated at Camp Livingston, Louisiana, Mrs. Koyama submitted numerous documents pertaining to her husband's educational history in the United States. She then found out that the Immigration and Naturalization Bureau did not have these documents and Mrs. Koyama had to turn back to Mrs. A.C. Goodenough to gather them up again. Mrs. Koyama heard from her husband that the Immigration and Naturalization Bureau was able to confirm his status as a legal resident due to a law from 1924. He was also able to track down the whereabouts of the stowaway. His name was Seizaburo Koyama and had returned to Japan several years prior. This was confirmed by the stowaway's brother who happened to be at the same camp as Keizaburo Koyama. After being transferred to Santa Fe, New Mexico, authorities urged Mr. Koyama to fully detail his story, which he did. At this point, Mrs. Koyama asks pointedly why the FBI did not investigate her husband's status at any time prior to the 1942 raids.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-232","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"},{"namepart":"Immigration and Naturalization Service"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"New Mexico","id":"502"},{"term":"Montana","id":"498"},{"term":"Idaho","id":"491"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"},{"term":"Santa Fe","id":"27"},{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"},{"term":"Fort Sill","id":"40"},{"term":"Camp Livingston","id":"55"}],"creation":"11/29/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author Koyama, Teru \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nEnnis, Edward J. \nFederal Bureau of Investigation \nImmigration and Naturalization Service","download_large":"ddr-one-5-232-mezzanine-cd0ea81f91-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-29-28","model":"entity","index":"19 2644/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-29-28/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-29-28/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-28-mezzanine-c8facb0620-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-28-mezzanine-c8facb0620-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 45, No. 2 (July 12, 1957)","description":"Select article titles: \"House group recommends temp'y farm labor plan be continued: 'No ill effects' on domestic labor market recorded\" (p. 1); \"JACL Campaign Against Anti-Nisei Films on TV Circularized by NARBT\" (p. 1); \"Small Claims Court Hears Civil Right Cases\" (p. 1); \"$86,550 damage suit filed in traffic death of Sakamoto\" (p. 1); \"Mr. Moto, Nisei in 'Stopover: Tokyo' novel to be missing in film version\" (p. 1); \"Ambassador Praises Nisei Return of Sword\" (p. 1); \"Wholesale visit to U.S. of Japanese politicians with Kishi rapped as waste of tax money; Tokyo seethes in mud-slinging on mission\" (p. 2); \"PC Japan Bureau chief to visit U.S. during global tour\" (p. 2); \"Painting with sumi proves popular as education TV station send 1000th set\" (p. 2); \"International Nisei businessmen's meet in Tokyo Oct. 23-26\" (p.3); \"Nisei semanticist in headlines again, high-powered autos seen as sex symbol\" (p. 3); \"JACL endowment fund reaches $98,000 see increase as gov't checks for recent payment of evacuation claims being mailed\" (p. 5); \"Pen-pal letter starts Detroit housewife to build church, orphanage in Fukushima\" (p. 7); \"Senate action on civil rights bill due next Wed.\" (p. 8); \"Cincinnati Sansei Wins Direct Executive Call To Naval Academy\" (p. 8).","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-29-28","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil liberties","id":"233"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"},{"term":"Arts and literature -- Visual arts -- Painting","id":"265"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Francisco","id":"273"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Sansei","id":"338"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture","id":"6"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Stereotypes","id":"161"},{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Mobilizing and organizing the community","id":"111"},{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Receiving redress checks and apology","id":"117"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"07/12/1957","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-29-28-mezzanine-c8facb0620-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1020-1","model":"entity","index":"20 2645/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1020-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1020-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1020/ddr-densho-1020-1-1-mezzanine-8be5f7539a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1020/ddr-densho-1020-1-1-mezzanine-8be5f7539a-a.jpg"},"title":"Aaron Zajic Interview","description":"Born in Baltimore, Maryland. During the Redress Movement, worked for the Department of Justice's Office of Redress Administration (ORA), which was established to identify and administer reparations payments to eligible individuals. Was the ORA's Manager, Stage II Verification Team, from 1990 to 2000. By 1993 some of the ORA staff began working on Civil Rights investigations, providing litigation support. As the need for litigation support in the Civil Rights Division grew, and the amount of work required for ORA decreased, many of the staff members of the ORA team became the initial members of the newly formed Litigation Support Services Group, the first of its kind in the Civil Rights Division. Mr. Zajic continued to work in the Litigation Support Group from its inception through February 2016. In February of 2016, left the Civil Rights Division and began working for the Office of the Inspector General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"0:34:40","links_children":"ddr-densho-1020-1","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":931,"namepart":"Aaron Zajic"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emi Kuboyama"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Todd Holmes"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"interview","location":"Washington, D.C.","creation":"May 17, 2019","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Aaron Zajic narrator \nEmi Kuboyama interviewer \nTodd Holmes videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1020-1-1-mezzanine-8be5f7539a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-37-673","model":"entity","index":"21 2646/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-37-673/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-37-673/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-673-mezzanine-0c5bc3c2b0-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-673-mezzanine-0c5bc3c2b0-a.jpg"},"title":"Family outside barracks","description":"Original WRA caption: Sakamoto family picture on golden wedding anniversary of Joseph Gerald Osamu Sakamoto and Mary Ann Tsuchi Sakamoto, both 80, at the Minidoka Relocation Center on December 11, 1943. Married in Japan, they came to the U.S. in 1894. Mr. Sakamoto was an early Seattle hotel proprietor. His son, James Y. Sakamoto, 40, is pictured with his family, Marietta Misao, wife, 37; Marie Mineyo, 11, Marcia Tsuyumi, 6, and Justine Denice, 8 months daughters. James Sakamoto, a U.S. citizen, attended Franklin high school in Seattle and studied at Princeton University in 1921 and 1922. He took up boxing and fought from ban tom weight to junior lightweight. He was probably the first person of Japanese ancestry to fight in Madison Square Garden. His left eye was injured and in 1927 in a fight in Utica, NY his right eye was blinded due to detachment of the retina. He returned to Seattle when he lost his sight entirely. Having done newspaper work in New York as English Editor of the Japanese-American, he turned to journalism in Seattle and on January 1, 1928 started publishing the Japanese-American Courier, first Japanese-American newspaper printed entirely in English. He is a past president of the Japanese American Citizens League.","extent":"unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-37-673","format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"photograph","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"December 11, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-37-673-mezzanine-0c5bc3c2b0-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-426-1792","model":"entity","index":"22 2647/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-426-1792/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-426-1792/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-426/ddr-densho-426-1792-mezzanine-706f516ffd-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-426/ddr-densho-426-1792-mezzanine-706f516ffd-a.jpg"},"title":"Group photo of attendees at 10th Anniversary Ball of SF JACL","description":"Inscription on front: Tenth Anniversary Ball of SF JACL, October 28, 1938. 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Before being sent to Manzanar, Betty had planned to attend Woodbury Business College and then get a job as a receptionist with solid accounting skills. Betty briefly mentions a need for the Nisei community to prove their loyalty to the \"motherland,\" America. She hopes to move to Chicago soon to work as a stenographer and to attend school to improve her accounting skills. Betty's mentions her proposed future husband was working as a doctor in New York and looking to volunteer for the Army. She proposed to delay plans for a family and then dives into a discussion on growing up with much older siblings and making friends with people older than herself. Finally, Betty discusses the useful information she learned in her Social Problems course. She will not go into the world ignorant, for ignorant people cannot hope to be successful. Betty concludes with the idea that her immediate future is in the hands of the War Relocation Authority. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9008. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0008","extent":"5 pages, 10 x 8 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-8","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Hashimoto, Betty"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"3/1/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hashimoto, Betty author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-8-mezzanine-f7fa85e213-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-7","model":"entity","index":"24 2649/{'value': 2660, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-7-mezzanine-46be419ef1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-7-mezzanine-46be419ef1-a.jpg"},"title":"My future in the post-war America","description":"Term paper by Jogi Yamaguchi for period III Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Jogi first discusses the choice he had to face in staying in America or leaving for Japan. He knows life in the US will be difficult and doesn't think he will ever see Los Angeles again. He seems worried of having to either start over from scratch, like his parents had had to or else stay in Manzanar \"as part of it's dirt.\" From childhood, Jogi wanted to sail the seas: before the war, he hoped to become a commercial radio telegraph operator for a ship. He would prefer a cargo ship but it would be more likely he would have worked on a tuna chipper for more regular employment. Since coming to camp, Jogi completely gave up on this dream. Much of the body consists of his struggles to live without bitterness toward the US and what incidents have caused this internal struggle. He will try to relocate to the East or Midwest to work on a farm. He seems to have little hope for the future in general but knows it will be better than current conditions. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9007. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0007","extent":"4 pages, 11 x 8.5 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-7","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Yamaguchi, Jogi"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"2/25/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yamaguchi, Jogi author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-7-mezzanine-46be419ef1-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Mr.","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}