(This interview was conducted as part of a project to capture stories of the Japanese American community of Spokane, Washington. Densho worked in collaboration with the Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture.)","extent":"04:21:24","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-190","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":215,"namepart":"Fred Shiosaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Spokane, Washington","creation":"April 26 & 27, 2006","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fred Shiosaki narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-sfred-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-320","model":"entity","index":"14 2564/{'value': 2661, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-320/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-320/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-iyutaka-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-iyutaka-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Yutaka Inokuchi Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born August 25, 1924, in Waipahu, Hawaii. Grew up on the Waipahu sugar plantation where parents worked. Was attending Mid-Pacific Institute in Honolulu when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Father was picked up by the FBI and eventually interned in the Honouliuli POW camp. Mr. Inokuchi got a job in the Honouliuli camp where he could visit his father. After the war, worked for the Honolulu Board of Water Supply.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:00:29","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-320","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":550,"namepart":"Yutaka Inokuchi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"March 3, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yutaka Inokuchi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-iyutaka-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-165","model":"entity","index":"15 2565/{'value': 2661, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-165/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-165/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-khiroshi-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-khiroshi-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Hiroshi Kashiwagi Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born November 8, 1922, in Sacramento, California. Spent childhood and adolescence in Loomis, California, before spending senior year in high school in Los Angeles, California. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to Marysville Assembly Center, California, and then to Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Resisted the draft and renounced U.S. citizenship, remaining with family in Tule Lake when it was designated a \"segregation center.\" Left camp to attend college in California. Working with Wayne Collins after World War II, was able to get U.S. citizenship reinstated in the 1950s. Worked for the San Francisco public library post-World War II. A playwright and actor, Mr. Kashiwagi has performed in many stage productions and has written several plays, including Laughter and False Teeth and Betrayed.","extent":"03:28:22","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-165","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":139,"namepart":"Hiroshi Kashiwagi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Colgrove"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs3m","namepart":"Kashiwagi, Hiroshi Ned"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Klamath Falls, Oregon","creation":"July 3, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hiroshi Kashiwagi narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nSteve Colgrove videographer Kashiwagi, Hiroshi Ned 88922nr015zs3m","download_large":"denshovh-khiroshi-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-1-333","model":"entity","index":"16 2566/{'value': 2661, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-1-333/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-1-333/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-333-mezzanine-f6bad59c54-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-333-mezzanine-f6bad59c54-a.jpg"},"title":"Buddhist Convention","description":"Black and white photographic negative of large crowd of Buddhists gathered outside Collin's Field House in Seattle, Washington for a Buddhist convention. Reverends seated in front row from left to right: Reverend Seiji Kobara from Seattle, Reverend Shoko Masunaga, Reverend Akira Jotetsu Ono, Reverend Tatsuya Ichikawa, Reverend Bishop Kenryu Tsuji, Reverend Eiyu Terao from Spokane, Reverend Zenkai Okayama from Portland, unidentified, and Reverend Sunya Pratt from Tacoma. Crowd: far left first row: Mr. Kimura, far left third row: Nobi Yamasaki, and Ted Taniguchi, far left fifth row second in: Terumitsu Kanno, front row right side from right to left: unidentified, Mrs. Kazuya Toyoji, Yasashi Ichikawa, Yasuko Ota, and Yasashi Ichikawa; second row right side second from the right: Yasuko Ota, Joyce (Toshi) Nakamura, and Jack Matsui.","extent":"2.5W x 2.5H","links_children":"ddr-one-1-333","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Hirahara, Frank"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon -- Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Community activities -- Conventions and conferences","id":"299"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Buddhism","id":"395"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Returning home","id":"106"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"02/29/1952-03/02/1952","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hirahara, Frank photographer","download_large":"ddr-one-1-333-mezzanine-f6bad59c54-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-356-208","model":"entity","index":"17 2567/{'value': 2661, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-208/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-356-208/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-208-mezzanine-221e50e929-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-208-mezzanine-221e50e929-a.jpg"},"title":"Envelope to K. Domoto with letters to Wakako Domoto from Toichi Domoto and Peter Milan","description":"Envelope addressed to Mr. K. Domoto (Kanetaro) postmarked Osaka, Japan 24.12.15 on the front and postmarked Oakland, California 1/14/1916 on the back. Stored inside the envelope were two letters to Wakako \"Wak\" Domoto. The first letter is from Peter Milan dated 1/28/1944, and discusses locating Domoto family items, Kaneji's hunt on the East Coast for a job and home, Frank Nonaka's business (which Peter Milan also looked after), the negative support for Japanese Americans possible return to the Bay Area, and his work. Letter two is from Toichi \"Niich\" Domoto dated 1/16/1944. The letter discusses locating Domoto family items at their home in California, business at work, sending along photographs of their father, updated addresses for mutual contacts, and family updates.","extent":"envelope: 9.25W x 4.125H; letter: 8.5W x 11H; letter 2: 8W x 10.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-356-208","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Milan, Peter"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Domoto, Toichi"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Support from the non-Japanese American community","id":"80"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Milan, Peter"},{"namepart":"Domoto, Toichi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"California","creation":"January 16, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Milan, Peter author \nDomoto, Toichi author Milan, Peter \nDomoto, Toichi","download_large":"ddr-densho-356-208-mezzanine-221e50e929-a.jpg"},{"id":"112","model":"narrator","index":"18 2568/{'value': 2661, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/112/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/112/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/blorraine.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/blorraine.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/112/interviews/"},"display_name":"Lorraine Bannai","bio":"Sansei female. Born 1955 in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Gardena, California, surrounded by a large Japanese American community. Influenced by father's role in community and politics, and mother's emphasis on education. Attended University of California, Santa Barbara where she became increasingly aware of Japanese American history, issues of ethnic identity and racial inequality. Attended the University of San Francisco School of Law where she honed her commitment to political and social activism. Only a few years out of law school, she joined a team of lawyers working to reopen the Supreme Court's 1944 decision in Korematsu v. United States. Convicted of violating the exclusion order during World War II, Mr. Korematsu's case went all the way to the Supreme Court where the exclusion and incarceration of Japanese Americans was upheld as constitutional, based on the government's argument of \"military necessity.\" Through a petition for writ of error coram nobis (establishing that the case was premised on errors of fact withheld from the judge and the defense by the prosecution), the legal team reopened the case, provided evidence that the factual underpinnings to the exclusion orders were fraudulent, and successfully had the Korematsu conviction vacated, as well as a handful of other similar convictions. In this interview, Ms. Bannai discusses the coram nobis legal team, the support for the effort among the Japanese American community, and personal lessons gained from being a part of this effort."},{"id":"121","model":"narrator","index":"19 2569/{'value': 2661, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/121/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/121/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/itsuguo.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/itsuguo.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/121/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 15, 1924, in Portland, Oregon. Incarcerated at the North Portland Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Kept a diary beginning December, 1941, and through incarceration. Beginning as a teenager, was exceptionally active as a volunteer leader, first within a Japanese American church in Portland, later in camp with Federated Christian Church, school and service clubs, and throughout life.\r\n Graduated from Hunt High School and left Minidoka on indefinite work leave. Drafted in 1944; graduated from United States Military Intelligence Service Language School. After discharge, returned to Portland, Oregon, and graduated from college in 1949. One of the earliest Nisei to obtain Master of Social Work degree from University of Washington, 1951. Married, 1951, and had four children.\r\n Incarceration led him to resolve to work for social justice. In 1953, was one of the first Nisei hired as executive director of a nonprofit organization in the United States (outside the Japanese American community), and served at the Atlantic Street Center in Seattle for 33 years, leading its transformation from settlement house to social service agency. Worked to reduce racial discrimination. Promoted multi-racial, cross-cultural cooperation, equal opportunity and affirmative action in community, church, nonprofit, government and other arenas. Mentors and advises community members, including sharing a set of principles he developed based on values from his cultural heritage. Mr. Ikeda is the recipient of numerous awards, recognitions of service and honors for his professional and volunteer contributions to society."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-12-24","model":"entity","index":"20 2570/{'value': 2661, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-12-24/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-12-24/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-12/ddr-csujad-12-24-mezzanine-9b535a3915-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-12/ddr-csujad-12-24-mezzanine-9b535a3915-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from R. R. Best, Project Director, and Lionel Perkins, Business Enterprises Adviser United States Department of the Interior War Relocation Authority to Mr. Ivan Williams Department of Justice, December 5, 1945","description":"This official correspondence confirms that Tsugitada Kanamori had worked at the Tule Lake incarceration camp for 6.5 months and had earned a total of $131.86 as of November 30, 1945. Issued by R.R. Best, Project Director and Lionel Perkins, Business Enterprises Adviser United States Department of the Interior War Relocation Authority. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: tsu_01_07_005","extent":"1 sheet, 11 x 8.5 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-12-24","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Best, R.R."},{"role":"author","namepart":"Perkins, Lionel"},{"role":"author","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"12/5/1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Best, R.R. author \nPerkins, Lionel author \nUnited States. War Relocation Authority author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-12-24-mezzanine-9b535a3915-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-2-102","model":"entity","index":"21 2571/{'value': 2661, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-102/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-2-102/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-2/ddr-csujad-2-102-mezzanine-2d270fd653-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-2/ddr-csujad-2-102-mezzanine-2d270fd653-a.jpg"},"title":"Report of the informal meeting of the stockade internees and the Co-ordinating Committee of the Tule Lake Center","description":"Provides minutes of meeting requested by stockade incarcerees, listing the incarcerees, Co-ordinating Committee members, and others in attendance and presenting paraphrased text, identifying speakers by name. Topics addressed include incarcerees' difficulties in talking honestly; their understanding of conditions in the camp outside of the stockade; the work of the Co-ordinating Committee and of the Negotiating Committee; previous meetings; psychological impacts of long-time incarceration; and pleas for release of some individuals considered unfairly imprisoned in the stockade. This document is the same as the other one sharing its title (sjs_sch_0068), except for the handwritten text \"Mr. Mahart\" at the top of the first page. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sjs_sch_0097","extent":"5 pages, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-2-102","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Akitsuki, Byron"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Co-ordinating Committee [1608-A]"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Conflicts, intimidation, and violence","id":"162"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence","id":"94"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"San Jose State University Department of Special Collections and Archives","rights":"pcc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Newell, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"2/5/1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Akitsuki, Byron author \nCo-ordinating Committee [1608-A] publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-2-102-mezzanine-2d270fd653-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-10","model":"entity","index":"22 2572/{'value': 2661, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-10-mezzanine-66fe02b61a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-10-mezzanine-66fe02b61a-a.jpg"},"title":"My future","description":"Term Paper by Hitoshi Yasuda for period 5 Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Hitoshi opens by discussing the uncertainty he faces in his future, and the characteristics necessary to be successful. Before the war, he had hoped to go to college and get technical training in a specialized field. After the evacuation, he struggled with motivation, but has settled into a routine school during the week and a job on Saturday and Sunday for spending money. He concludes with the necessary steps to be successful in the future. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9010. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0010","extent":"10 pages, 10.5 x 8 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-10","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Yasuda, Hitoshi"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yasuda, Hitoshi author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-10-mezzanine-66fe02b61a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-14","model":"entity","index":"23 2573/{'value': 2661, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-14-mezzanine-dd8c5cb00c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-14-mezzanine-dd8c5cb00c-a.jpg"},"title":"Future","description":"Term paper by Yoshio Kusayanagi for Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Yoshio presents a very idealistic view of the needs for good individuals to overcome evil and injustice in the world. He highlights the need for everyone to do their part to win the war, by working their utmost, and producing the necessary components for a successful war. He mentions the consumerism of America versus the single-minded focus of Germany in preparing for war. If the war is lost, he says the future is over. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9014. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0014","extent":"8 pages, 10.5 x 8 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-14","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Kusayanagi, Yoshio"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kusayanagi, Yoshio author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-14-mezzanine-dd8c5cb00c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-21","model":"entity","index":"24 2574/{'value': 2661, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-21/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-21/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-21-mezzanine-d8412e99aa-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-21-mezzanine-d8412e99aa-a.jpg"},"title":"School assignment","description":"Assignment by Midori Kunitomi (first name missing due to torn upper right corner, determined via class roster) for Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Kunitomi describes the United States as a melting pot of the world, where everyone has a equal chance and racial difference is not important. The first people came to America to live where they could do as they pleased and created a country where people have a say in their own future. However, racial prejudice on minorities exists, but this is not done by all. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9021. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0021","extent":"1 page, 10.5 x 8 inches, handwritten, damaged","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-21","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Kunitomi, Midori"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943-02","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kunitomi, Midori author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-21-mezzanine-d8412e99aa-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Mr.","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}