(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:19:55","links_children":"ddr-one-7-20","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":669,"namepart":"Mae Hada"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Masako Hinatsu"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tim Rooney"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0065w98","namepart":"Usuda, Tasuko Mae"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Hillsboro, Oregon","creation":"June 18, 2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mae Hada narrator \nMasako Hinatsu interviewer \nTim Rooney videographer Usuda, Tasuko Mae 88922nr0065w98","download_large":"denshovh-hmae_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1014-11","model":"entity","index":"18 118/{'value': 133, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1014-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1014-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1014/denshovh-yed-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1014/denshovh-yed-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Ed Yoshikawa Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born January 30, 1925, in Sacramento, California. Grew up in Sacramento. During World War II, removed to the Sacramento (Walerga) Assembly Center, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Left camp to attend college in Michigan. Drafted into the military and served with the 442nd Regimental Combat Team in Europe. After military discharge, moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota, and established a career with Munsingwear.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:47:46","links_children":"ddr-densho-1014-11","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":558,"namepart":"Ed Yoshikawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Steve Ozone"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Bill Kubota"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Twin Cities JACL Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Minneapolis, Minnesota","creation":"December 12, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ed Yoshikawa narrator \nSteve Ozone interviewer \nBill Kubota videographer","download_large":"denshovh-yed-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-408","model":"entity","index":"19 119/{'value': 133, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-408/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-408/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yyuriko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yyuriko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Yuriko Yamamoto Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born February 19, 1927, in Los Angeles, California. When mother passed away before the war, went to live with family friends while father went to Japan. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. After leaving camp, lived for a time in Detroit, Michigan, before eventually returning to California.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:42:25","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-408","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":659,"namepart":"Yuriko Yamamoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0119602","namepart":"Tanino, Yuriko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"April 24, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yuriko Yamamoto narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Tanino, Yuriko 88922nr0119602","download_large":"denshovh-yyuriko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"483","model":"narrator","index":"20 120/{'value': 133, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/483/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/483/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/wvirgil.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/wvirgil.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/483/interviews/"},"display_name":"Virgil W. Westdale","bio":"Male of Japanese and European ancestry. Born July 8, 1918, in Millersburg, Indiana. Grew up on family farms in Indiana and Michigan. Became a licensed pilot, and, during World War II, volunteered for the War Training Service as a flight instructor. Reassigned to the 442nd Regimental Combat Team as part of the Fire Direction Center. Split off from the unit with the 522nd Field Artillery Battalion, and was with one of the first groups to liberate the concentration camps in Dachau, Germany. Following the sudden death of Harriett Engelhardt, an American Red Cross worker in Germany, in 1946, Virgil and the members of the 522nd FAB pulled together $271.40 and sent the money to her parents. The Engelhardts used this money, along with money from Harriett's estate and other donations to establish the Harriett Engelhardt Memorial Collection at Black Mountain College, Harriett's alma mater. Following World War II, Virgil worked for several corporations as a research and development scientist developing patents."},{"id":"ddr-pc-28-22","model":"entity","index":"21 121/{'value': 133, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-28-22/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-28-22/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-22-mezzanine-4b43c32c24-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-22-mezzanine-4b43c32c24-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 42, No. 22 (June 1, 1956)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Up claims compromise to $100,000. Senate judiciary committee acts on bill to push claims program\" (p. 1), \"Amendment to Fulbright Act Passed, Plugs Loophole for Visiting Students\" (p. 1), \"Michigan ex-GI adopts Japanese citizenship\" (p. 1), \"Actions speak as loudly as words, says Canadian judge ruling on discrimination\" (p. 1), 'S.F. Jewish weekly editorial blasts Gardena letter as 'tactics of bigots'\" (p. 3), \"Regret naming dance as 'Buddha-head Stomp\" (p. 3), \"Sequoia JACL to select chapter queen at June 23 graduates dance, five girls vie\" (p. 4), \"Graduates' dance, community picnic and news bulletin planned by Sonoma County\" (p. 5), \"Nisei Federal Civil Service Workers Urged to Air Opinions to Eliminate Discrimination in Government Employment\" (p. 8).","extent":"11.5W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-28-22","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tokumaru, Richard"},{"namepart":"Kashiwagi, William K."},{"namepart":"Hamada, Yukio"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry K."},{"namepart":"Murayama, Tamotsu"},{"namepart":"Nishimura, Bryce T."},{"namepart":"Uno, Daitetsu"},{"namepart":"Kosobayashi, Mae"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Tajiri, Larry S."},{"namepart":"Enomoto, Jerry"},{"namepart":"Sakurada, Smoky H."},{"namepart":"Takamoto, Hiroshi"},{"namepart":"Kushida, Tats"},{"namepart":"Oyama, Mary"},{"namepart":"Ohki, Edwin"},{"namepart":"Lew, Allen"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Elmer"},{"namepart":"Nagai, Gordon"},{"namepart":"Tomita, Taylor"},{"namepart":"Yonezu, Grace"},{"namepart":"Uno, Robert"},{"namepart":"Murakami, Joe"},{"namepart":"Mori, Henry"},{"namepart":"Oyama, Mary"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Nakabayashi, Tomoko"},{"namepart":"Kuramoto, Frank M."},{"namepart":"Kozasa, Betty"},{"namepart":"Kobayashi, Hiro"}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"June 1, 1956","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Tokumaru, Richard \nKashiwagi, William K. \nHamada, Yukio \nHonda, Harry K. \nMurayama, Tamotsu \nNishimura, Bryce T. \nUno, Daitetsu \nKosobayashi, Mae \nHosokawa, Bill \nTajiri, Larry S. \nEnomoto, Jerry \nSakurada, Smoky H. \nTakamoto, Hiroshi \nKushida, Tats \nOyama, Mary \nOhki, Edwin \nLew, Allen \nOgawa, Elmer \nNagai, Gordon \nTomita, Taylor \nYonezu, Grace \nUno, Robert \nMurakami, Joe \nMori, Henry \nOyama, Mary \nMasaoka, Mike \nNakabayashi, Tomoko \nKuramoto, Frank M. \nKozasa, Betty \nKobayashi, Hiro","download_large":"ddr-pc-28-22-mezzanine-4b43c32c24-a.jpg"},{"id":"205","model":"narrator","index":"22 122/{'value': 133, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/205/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/205/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kfred.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kfred.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/205/interviews/"},"display_name":"Fred Korematsu","bio":"Nisei male. Born January 30, 1919, in Oakland, California. Mr. Korematsu was working as a welder in San Francisco when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. After Executive Order 9066 was issued in 1942, he decided to resist the evacuation orders, and was not removed with his family. He was arrested in May of 1942, taken to jail, and eventually transferred to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, where his family was being held. He legally challenged the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, and his case made it to the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheld the order in 1944. Following World War II, Mr. Korematsu moved to Detroit, Michigan, where he married and raised a family before returning to California. In the early 1980s, his case was reopened after the discovery of a crucial document indicating that in the original 1944 case, the federal government had lied to the high court. The conviction was vacated by U.S. District Judge Marilyn Hall Patel in 1983, and in 1998, Mr. Korematsu was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-280","model":"entity","index":"23 123/{'value': 133, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-280/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-280/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-wvirgil-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-wvirgil-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Virgil W. Westdale Interview","description":"Male of Japanese and European ancestry. Born July 8, 1918, in Millersburg, Indiana. Grew up on family farms in Indiana and Michigan. Became a licensed pilot, and, during World War II, volunteered for the War Training Service as a flight instructor. Reassigned to the 442nd Regimental Combat Team as part of the Fire Direction Center. Split off from the unit with the 522nd Field Artillery Battalion, and was with one of the first groups to liberate the concentration camps in Dachau, Germany. Following the sudden death of Harriett Engelhardt, an American Red Cross worker in Germany, in 1946, Virgil and the members of the 522nd FAB pulled together $271.40 and sent the money to her parents. The Engelhardts used this money, along with money from Harriett's estate and other donations to establish the Harriett Engelhardt Memorial Collection at Black Mountain College, Harriett's alma mater. Following World War II, Virgil worked for several corporations as a research and development scientist developing patents.","extent":"04:33:17","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-280","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":483,"namepart":"Virgil W. Westdale"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 21-22, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Virgil W. Westdale narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-wvirgil-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-21","model":"entity","index":"24 124/{'value': 133, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-21/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-21/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kben_g-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kben_g-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Ben Kuroki - Shige Kuroki Interview","description":"Ben Kuroki, Nisei male. Born May 16, 1917, in Hershey, Nebraska. Admitted to the Army Air Corps and flew thirty missions in Europe in a B-24 as a tailgunner and top turret gunner. Earned two Distinguished Flying Crosses and was acclaimed as the first Nisei war hero. Spoke at Heart Mountain, Wyoming, and two other camps in order to help encourage draft recruitment. Subpoenaed as a witness in the conspiracy trial of Heart Mountain's Fair Play Committee leaders. Later became the only Nisei to service in active combat with the Air Corps in the Pacific Theater, and flew twenty-eight additional missions over Japan. After World War II, became the first Japanese American editor of a general newspaper in Nebraska, and later edited newspapers in suburban Michigan and Southern California.
(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:22:47","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-21","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":163,"namepart":"Ben Kuroki"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":169,"namepart":"Shige Kuroki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Camarillio, California","creation":"January 31, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ben Kuroki narrator \nShige Kuroki narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-kben_g-01-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Michigan","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}