(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:34:56","links_children":"ddr-densho-1010-5","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":428,"namepart":"David Matsuoka"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Jill Shiraki"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zv7f","namepart":"Matsuoka, David Kengo"}],"contributor":"Preserving California's Japantowns Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Sacramento, California","creation":"December 10, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"David Matsuoka narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nJill Shiraki interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Matsuoka, David Kengo 88922nr015zv7f","download_large":"denshovh-mdavid-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"566","model":"narrator","index":"1 76/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/566/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/566/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/bmarion.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/bmarion.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/566/interviews/"},"display_name":"Marion Michiko Bernardo","bio":"Nisei female. Born July 25, 1930, in Walnut Grove, California. Grew up in Walnut Grove. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed with family to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado. Left camp to attend a boarding school in New York before eventually returning to Walnut Grove. Marion passed away in December 2015."},{"id":"582","model":"narrator","index":"2 77/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/582/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/582/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hrichard.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hrichard.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/582/interviews/"},"display_name":"Richard Iwao Hidaka","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 11, 1928, in Modesto, California. Grew up in Modesto, where parents ran a laundry business and then a farm. During World War II, removed to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado. After leaving camp, finished school in Chicago, Illinois, and served in the National Guard. Remained living in Chicago."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-46-21","model":"entity","index":"3 78/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-46-21/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-46-21/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-46/ddr-csujad-46-21-mezzanine-2a0db44dc1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-46/ddr-csujad-46-21-mezzanine-2a0db44dc1-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Ohashi to Jack Noda, March 20, 1942","description":"Follow-up letter from Mr. Ohashi of the Stockton chapter of the Japanese American Citizens League to Jack Noda, president of the Stanislaus Merced chapter of the Japanese American Citizens League regarding the Stockton chapter's constitution and the mass removal preparation. 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University Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Stockton, California","creation":"3/20/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ohashi author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-46-21-mezzanine-2a0db44dc1-a.jpg"},{"id":"991","model":"narrator","index":"4 79/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/991/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/991/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-ajah-1-5_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-ajah-1-5_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/991/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mas Takano","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 15, 1932, in Alameda, California. Grew up in Alameda, where father was a gardener. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, moved to Cortez, California, for a few months before being removed to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the Amache concentration camp, Colorado. After leaving camp, returned to California. Drafted into the military in the 1950s. Established a career in the travel industry."},{"id":"423","model":"narrator","index":"5 80/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/423/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/423/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/wlouie.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/wlouie.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/423/interviews/"},"display_name":"Louie Watanabe","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 22, 1925, in Walnut Grove, California. Grew up in Walnut Grove, where parents owned and operated a restaurant and rooming house. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and Granada concentration camp, Colorado. Left camp for Chicago, Illinois, and worked in various places, including Colorado Springs and Oklahoma City. Eventually returned to Walnut Grove."},{"id":"912","model":"narrator","index":"6 81/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/912/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/912/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-465_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-465_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/912/interviews/"},"display_name":"Cookie Takeshita","bio":"Nisei female. Born April 1, 1929, in Alameda, California. Grew up in Alameda, where father ran a gardening business. During World War II, family was ordered to leave Alameda and moved to Cortez, California, before being sent to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the Amache concentration camp, Colorado. Left camp to attend school in Cleveland, Ohio, before returning to Alameda. After the war, worked for many years at UC Berkeley."},{"id":"426","model":"narrator","index":"7 82/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/426/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/426/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mwalter.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mwalter.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/426/interviews/"},"display_name":"Walter N. Matsuoka","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 25, 1926, in Walnut Grove, California. Grew up in Walnut Grove, where father owned and operator a shoe sales and repair business. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the Granada concentration camp, Colorado. After the war, returned to Walnut Grove. Was drafted and served in the Korean War, then started a career as an aviation mechanic."},{"id":"1007","model":"narrator","index":"8 83/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1007/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1007/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-515_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-515_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1007/interviews/"},"display_name":"Robert Moriguchi","bio":"Sansei male. Born November 11, 1931, in San Francisco, California. During World War II, removed to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the Amache concentration camp, Colorado. After leaving camp, moved to Utah for a time before eventually returning to California and becoming a pharmacist. Served on the board of the Japanese American Citizens League and in later years, became a volunteer docent at the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-459","model":"entity","index":"9 84/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-459/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-459/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-459-1-mezzanine-58a3c719b6-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-459-1-mezzanine-58a3c719b6-a.jpg"},"title":"Barbara Reiko Mikami Keimi Interview","description":"Sansei female. Born December 4, 1935, in Sawtelle, California. Grew up in Huntington Beach, California, where father worked as a chauffeur. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was picked up by the FBI and taken to the Tuna Canyon Detention Station. He rejoined the family at the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the family was then sent to the Amache concentration camp, Colorado. Parents decided to go to Japan and were sent to Tule Lake, but eventually decided to remain in the United States. After leaving camp, returned to Los Angeles. Barbara was active in camp pilgrimages and reunions after the war, as well as volunteering for the Japanese American National Museum.","extent":"0:00:00","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-459","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":907,"namepart":"Barbara Reiko Mikami Keimi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Virginia Yamada"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr003k78t","namepart":"Mikami, Barbara"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"February 5, 2019","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Barbara Reiko Mikami Keimi narrator \nVirginia Yamada interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Mikami, Barbara 88922nr003k78t","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-459-1-mezzanine-58a3c719b6-a.jpg"},{"id":"342","model":"narrator","index":"10 85/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/342/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/342/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ysusumu.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ysusumu.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/342/interviews/"},"display_name":"Susumu Yenokida","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 28, 1925, in Turlock, California. Grew up in the Cortez, California, area. During World War II, was removed to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado. When drafted by the military, refused to report for the preinduction physical, and was tried and jailed for refusing the draft. Served time in the Santa Catalina prison camp, and was pardoned along with other resisters of conscience by President Truman in 1947."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-345","model":"entity","index":"11 86/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-345/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-345/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hrichard-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hrichard-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Richard Iwao Hidaka Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born April 11, 1928, in Modesto, California. Grew up in Modesto, where parents ran a laundry business and then a farm. During World War II, removed to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado. After leaving camp, finished school in Chicago, Illinois, and served in the National Guard. Remained living in Chicago.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:03:49","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-345","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":582,"namepart":"Richard Iwao Hidaka"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr003bp79","namepart":"Hidaka, Iwao Richard"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Skokie, Illinois","creation":"June 16, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Richard Iwao Hidaka narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Hidaka, Iwao Richard 88922nr003bp79","download_large":"denshovh-hrichard-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"745","model":"narrator","index":"12 87/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/745/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/745/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/omas_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/omas_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/745/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mas Okabe","bio":"Nisei male. Born December 2, 1929, in Sacramento, California. Grew up in Sacramento, where parents operated a restaurant. During World War II, removed to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado. Transferred to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, in 1945, then went to Japan with family. Lived in Japan for a time before returning to the U.S. to finish school. Served with the U.S. Navy during the Korean War. Eventually moved to San Jose, California, and became a dentist."},{"id":"430","model":"narrator","index":"13 88/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/430/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/430/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ieddie.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ieddie.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/430/interviews/"},"display_name":"Eddie M. Inaba","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 9, 1917, in Walnut Grove, California. Parents worked at Canal Ranch, an agricultural community, where they grew produce for Libby, McNeill & Libby. Parents also owned and ran a bar in Walnut Grove. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado. After leaving camp, lived in Chicago and Denver before returning to Walnut Grove. Established a successful Japanese import business, opening grocery stores all over the West Coast."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1010-1","model":"entity","index":"14 89/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1010-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1010-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1010/denshovh-wlouie-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1010/denshovh-wlouie-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Louie Watanabe Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born August 22, 1925, in Walnut Grove, California. Grew up in Walnut Grove, where parents owned and operated a restaurant and rooming house. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and Granada concentration camp, Colorado. Left camp for Chicago, Illinois, and worked in various places, including Colorado Springs and Oklahoma City. Eventually returned to Walnut Grove, and currently resides in Sacramento, California.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:48:50","links_children":"ddr-densho-1010-1","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":423,"namepart":"Louie Watanabe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Jill Shiraki"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr007hb8w","namepart":"Watanabe, Louie Mitsuru"}],"contributor":"Preserving California's Japantowns Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Sacramento, California","creation":"December 8, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Louie Watanabe narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nJill Shiraki interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Watanabe, Louie Mitsuru 88922nr007hb8w","download_large":"denshovh-wlouie-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-164","model":"entity","index":"15 90/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-164/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-164/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-atom-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-atom-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tom Akashi Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born June 7, 1929, in Merced, California. Grew up in Mount Eden, California, and was removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Incarcerated at the Topaz concentration camp in Utah, then moved to Tule Lake concentration camp after family volunteered to move to Japan. While at Tule Lake, joined a pro-Japan organization created by father, the Sokoku Kenkyu Seinen Dan, (Young Men's Association for the Study of the Motherland). Renounced U.S. citizenship and expatriated to Japan with parents and siblings in 1945. Lived and worked in Japan until 1948, when returned to the United States. Author of Betrayed Trust: The Story of a Deported Issei and His American-Born Family During WWII, published in 2004.","extent":"04:13:27","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-164","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":178,"namepart":"Tom Akashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Chizu Omori"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Colgrove"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr012418s","namepart":"Akashi, Motomu"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Klamath Falls, Oregon","creation":"July 3, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tom Akashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nChizu Omori interviewer \nSteve Colgrove videographer Akashi, Motomu 88922nr012418s","download_large":"denshovh-atom-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-56-1","model":"entity","index":"16 91/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-56-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-56-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-56/ddr-csujad-56-1-mezzanine-69ba9364a4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-56/ddr-csujad-56-1-mezzanine-69ba9364a4-a.jpg"},"title":"Interview with George Hamamoto, (audio)","description":"Sonoma County resident George Hamamoto was interviewed on June 20, 1978, by a Sonoma State University student for the North Bay Ethnic Archive Project. He discusses growing up in Sebastopol, the family grocery store, removal to Assembly Center in Merced, then incarceration at Granada (Amache) camp. Discusses organization and administration of camp, and return to Napa area following the war. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nbea_oral_hamamoto","extent":"0.030763889","links_children":"ddr-csujad-56-1","creators":[{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Hamomoto, George"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Sonoma State University"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations","id":"16"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Small business -- Grocery stores","id":"371"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Returning home","id":"106"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Sonoma State University Library, Rohnert Park, California","rights":"nocc","genre":"interview","location":"Sebastopol; Santa Rosa; Petaluma;","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"},{"term":"Merced","id":"19"}],"creation":"6/20/1978","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hamomoto, George interviewee \nSonoma State University publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-56-1-mezzanine-69ba9364a4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1010-3","model":"entity","index":"17 92/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1010-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1010-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1010/denshovh-mwalter-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1010/denshovh-mwalter-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Walter N. 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(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:26:26","links_children":"ddr-densho-1010-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":426,"namepart":"Walter N. Matsuoka"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Jill Shiraki"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr003k00q","namepart":"Matsuoka, Walter Nobuo"}],"contributor":"Preserving California's Japantowns Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Sacramento, California","creation":"December 9, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Walter N. Matsuoka narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nJill Shiraki interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Matsuoka, Walter Nobuo 88922nr003k00q","download_large":"denshovh-mwalter-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"907","model":"narrator","index":"18 93/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/907/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/907/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-459_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-459_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/907/interviews/"},"display_name":"Barbara Reiko Mikami Keimi","bio":"Sansei female. Born December 4, 1935, in Sawtelle, California. Grew up in Huntington Beach, California, where father worked as a chauffeur. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was picked up by the FBI and taken to the Tuna Canyon Detention Station. He rejoined the family at the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the family was then sent to the Amache concentration camp, Colorado. Parents decided to go to Japan and were sent to Tule Lake, but eventually decided to remain in the United States. After leaving camp, returned to Los Angeles. Barbara was active in camp pilgrimages and reunions after the war, as well as volunteering for the Japanese American National Museum."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1010-6","model":"entity","index":"19 94/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1010-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1010-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1010/denshovh-ieddie-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1010/denshovh-ieddie-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Eddie M. Inaba Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born May 9, 1917, in Walnut Grove, California. Parents worked at Canal Ranch, an agricultural community, where they grew produce for Libby, McNeill & Libby. Parents also owned and ran a bar in Walnut Grove. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado. After leaving camp, lived in Chicago and Denver before returning to Walnut Grove. Established a successful Japanese import business, opening grocery stores all over the West Coast.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:59:53","links_children":"ddr-densho-1010-6","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":430,"namepart":"Eddie M. Inaba"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Jill Shiraki"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr003cw5g","namepart":"Inaba, Edward Minoru"}],"contributor":"Preserving California's Japantowns Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Sacramento, California","creation":"December 11, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Eddie M. Inaba narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nJill Shiraki interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Inaba, Edward Minoru 88922nr003cw5g","download_large":"denshovh-ieddie-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"178","model":"narrator","index":"20 95/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/178/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/178/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/atom.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/atom.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/178/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tom Akashi","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 7, 1929, in Merced, California. Grew up in Mount Eden, California, and was removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Incarcerated at the Topaz concentration camp in Utah, then moved to Tule Lake concentration camp after family volunteered to move to Japan. While at Tule Lake, joined a pro-Japan organization created by father, the Sokoku Kenkyu Seinen Dan, (Young Men's Association for the Study of the Motherland). Renounced U.S. citizenship and expatriated to Japan with parents and siblings in 1945. Lived and worked in Japan until 1948, when returned to the United States. Author of Betrayed Trust: The Story of a Deported Issei and His American-Born Family During WWII, published in 2004."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-23-8","model":"entity","index":"21 96/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-23-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-23-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-8-mezzanine-1cd113cff7-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-8-mezzanine-1cd113cff7-a.jpg"},"title":"Masonite","description":"Oil Painting no. 1 of 2 \"Masonite\" by Geichiro Kare Kuramatsu. Geichiro (Ernest) Kare Kuramatsu was born in Japan in 1885 to a Russian mother and Japanese father. The family moved to Canada, and Ernest saw combat while serving with the Canadian Army in France during World War I. He completed this oil painting in 1943 while incarcerated at the Granada (Amache) camp. Mr. Kuramatsu received art training at the University of Minnesota and was living near Carmel, California and working with noted seascape artist Paul Dougherty at the outbreak of WW II. Following Franklin D. Roosevelt's issuance of Executive Order 9066 in Feb. 1942, Kuramatsu was confined at the Merced Assembly Center and then sent to Amache in the southeastern desert of Colorado. At Amache, he lived next door to Henry and Ann Fujita from Petaluma, California. Ann was an amateur artist who admired Kuramatsu's work. He presented these two oil paintings to her as gifts in 1943. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: lp028-08-007","extent":"color, 15.5 x 20.3 cm","links_children":"ddr-csujad-23-8","creators":[{"role":"artist","namepart":"Kuramatsu, Geichiro Kare"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Visual arts -- Painting","id":"265"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Sonoma State University Library, Rohnert Park, California","rights":"nocc","genre":"painting","location":"Amache, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"circa 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kuramatsu, Geichiro Kare artist","download_large":"ddr-csujad-23-8-mezzanine-1cd113cff7-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-23-6","model":"entity","index":"22 97/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-23-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-23-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-6-mezzanine-e2354a5456-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-6-mezzanine-e2354a5456-a.jpg"},"title":"Masonite","description":"Oil Painting no. 2 of 2 \"Masonite\" by Geichiro Kare Kuramatsu. Geichiro (Ernest) Kare Kuramatsu was born in Japan in 1885 to a Russian mother and Japanese father. The family moved to Canada, and Ernest saw combat while serving with the Canadian Army in France during World War I. He completed this oil painting in 1943 while incarcerated at the Granada (Amache) camp. Mr. Kuramatsu received art training at the University of Minnesota and was living near Carmel, California and working with noted seascape artist Paul Dougherty at the outbreak of WW II. Following Franklin D. Roosevelt's issuance of Executive Order 9066 in Feb. 1942, Kuramatsu was confined at the Merced Assembly Center and then sent to Amache in the southeastern desert of Colorado. At Amache, he lived next door to Henry and Ann Fujita from Petaluma, California. Ann was an amateur artist who admired Kuramatsu's work. He presented these two oil paintings to her as gifts in 1943. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: lp028-08-005","extent":"color, 15.4 x 20.3 cm","links_children":"ddr-csujad-23-6","creators":[{"role":"artist","namepart":"Kuramatsu, Geichiro Kare"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Visual arts -- Painting","id":"265"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Sonoma State University Library, Rohnert Park, California","rights":"nocc","genre":"painting","location":"Amache, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"circa 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kuramatsu, Geichiro Kare artist","download_large":"ddr-csujad-23-6-mezzanine-e2354a5456-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-21-1","model":"entity","index":"23 98/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-21-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-21-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-21/ddr-csujad-21-1-mezzanine-accb57f405-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-21/ddr-csujad-21-1-mezzanine-accb57f405-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Frank Herron Smith to J. H. Peiper, Federal Bureau of Investigation, May 4, 1945","description":"Smith urges FBI action be taken to stop injustices done to Japanese American citizens during World War II. Letter mentions correspondence from a Japanese pastor in Livingston, California, near Modesto and Merced, describing \"no less than eight shooting incidents in which night-riders have shot into the homes of our church members.\" Smith also describes shooting and arson incidents at Orisi, Selma, Concord, Santa, Cressy, and Livingston; bemoans the \"inept[itude]\" and \"inefficien[cy]\" of \"country sheriffs\" and the legal system in holding perpetrators responsible for such incidents; and mentions that he and others, who had not favored resettling people until after the war, will work to protect those loyal to the United States. Smith states that these incidents are a \"disgrace to our country,\" especially in light of the UNCIO Conference [The United Nations Conference on International Organization]. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: 065-1-a-01-01-01","extent":"1 page ; typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-21-1","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Smith, Frank Herron, 1879-1965"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Violence","id":"186"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Special Collections and Archives, Robert E. Kennedy Library, California Polytechnic State University","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"[Berkeley,] California","creation":"5/4/1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Smith, Frank Herron, 1879-1965 author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-21-1-mezzanine-accb57f405-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-23-14","model":"entity","index":"24 99/{'value': 102, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-23-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-23-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-14-mezzanine-1ad755f27a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-14-mezzanine-1ad755f27a-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Henry [Katsumi] Fujita to Mr. and Mrs. Davis, October 5, 1942","description":"Describes in detail the long train ride from Sept. 15-18 between Merced and the Granada (Amache) incarceration camp: the layout of the train cars, times to different towns, tunnels and coal smoke, eating and sleeping arrangements, military troops and equipment staged along the railway, desert scenery, late arrival at Amache, an extra night aboard the train, moving into their barracks, their first bath/shower in 4 days, layout of the camp, barrack construction, mess halls, laundry shower-toilet bldgs., apt. furnishings, building furniture from lumber pile for the future high school, and personal items that the Davis's were taking care of for the Fujitas back in Petaluma. Unfortunately, the 2 hand-drawn maps of Amache that Henry Fujita refers to are missing along with many other letters like this that Henry Fujita narrated while his wife, Ann Fujita, typed. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: lp028-08-014","extent":"4 pages, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-23-14","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Fujita, Henry Katsumi"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Sonoma State University Library, Rohnert Park, California","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Amache, Colorado","facility":[{"term":"Granada (Amache)","id":"4"}],"creation":"10/5/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fujita, Henry Katsumi author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-23-14-mezzanine-1ad755f27a-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Merced, California","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}