{"total":1346,"limit":25,"offset":1275,"prev_offset":1250,"next_offset":1300,"page_size":25,"this_page":52,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Manzanar, California;&limit=25&offset=1250","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Manzanar, California;&limit=25&offset=1300","objects":[{"id":"442","model":"narrator","index":"0 1275/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/442/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/442/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sannie.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sannie.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/442/interviews/"},"display_name":"Annie Sakamoto","bio":"Nisei female. Born January 17, 1939, in Los Angeles, California. Given up for adoption after birth, and placed in the Shonien orphange in Los Angeles. After World War II broke out, removed to the Children's Village in Manzanar. Left camp to live with a foster mother in Los Angeles, eventually becoming a registered nurse."},{"id":"510","model":"narrator","index":"1 1276/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/510/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/510/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/uhank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/uhank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/510/interviews/"},"display_name":"Hank Shozo Umemoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 12, 1928, in Florin, California, a small community outside of Sacramento, California. Lost father at an early age, and was raised primarily by older brother. During World War II, removed with family to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. While in camp, snuck out of camp to spend time in the surrounding hillside. After leaving camp, returned to California and finished high school. Notably, refused to accept on principle the redress payments made to Japanese Americans in the 1980s."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-2","model":"entity","index":"2 1277/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-2-mezzanine-d47a6b93d2-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-2-mezzanine-d47a6b93d2-a.jpg"},"title":"George Naohara's handwritten annotations","description":"English translations of handwritten annotations from \"George Naohara photo album\" (csudh_nao_0001), page 4: [Left] Several meetings were held in Little Tokyo, Los Angeles, California, prior to moving to the Manzanar incarceration camp in California. I attended those meetings. What was announced was that all Japanese Americans residing in California and the West Coast should move to “War Relocation Centers” and we, Japanese Americans, complied with the decision made by the U.S. government. We gathered at the Merynoll School in Los Angeles. We were directed to get on a train at the Union Station and sent to the Manzanar incarceration camp. We were allowed to bring one suitcase and one gallon of water. I was incarcerated. Two to three month later, the recruitment of farm laborers was announced: \"Farm laborers for sugar beets are needed in Idaho and Utah. Volunteers will be transported by bus. Follow the instructions.\" I signed up my name and became one of the passengers in a bus. In the bus, I run into Tadashi Sakaida age at 17. Tadashi Sakaida was one of the passengers of the Kamakura-maru which was the ship that I got on when sailing from Japan to the U.S. He was one of my friends. We was delighted to be reunited, and we both worked in a farm together for two years, earning one dollar per hour.       [Center] After incarcerated in the Manzanar camp in California, the recruitment of farm laborers for sugar beets was announced. Maybe about 150 people were hired. I was assigned to C.C.C. Camp [Civilian Conservation Corps Camp] in Rupert, Idaho, where young trouble makers were detained. I went to Idaho. They immediately needed to accommodate three meals for all the laborers, and the mess hall work was an urgent demand. That was my first time to meet the cooks and other staff in the mess hall, and I did not know who they were. Among the mess hall staff, George Naohara was a young man at age 20. The mess hall staff consisted of six people. The kitchen work was very busy.  [Right bottom] The mess hall of C.C.C. Camp [Civilian Conservation Corps Camp] was well furnished with good kitchen appliances and tools. I was raised in Japan and did not know how to operate or use them, but I was able to figure it out. Senior people and the experienced people taught me how to cook. I was impressed by the facilities in America and admired the advanced lifestyle which was totally different from that of Issei strawberry pickers. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/15687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nao_01_004</a>","extent":"1 page, 8 x 8.75 inches, handwritten; black and white","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-2","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Naohara, George, 1919-2014"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\") -- Japanese American community responses","id":"52"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\") -- Preparation","id":"189"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Work leave","id":"103"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"status":"completed","search_hidden":"Naohara, George, 1919-2014 author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-2-mezzanine-d47a6b93d2-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-121-16","model":"entity","index":"3 1278/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-121-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-121-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-121/ddr-densho-121-16-mezzanine-e73936a22b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-121/ddr-densho-121-16-mezzanine-e73936a22b-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen Vol. 22 No. 11","description":"Selected article titles: \"California Nisei Awarded Medal of Honor. Nation's Highest Honor Given Japanese American Who Gave Life to Save Comrades in Italy\" (p. 1), \"Youth to Die in Gas Chamber for Murder of Nisei Veteran\" (p. 1), \"New Evacuation Faces Residents in L.A. Area\" (p. 1), \"California Seeks Confiscation of Farm Property\" (p. 1), \"Tule Lake Paper Ends Two Years of Publication\" (p. 1), \"Martial Law Used by Army to Restrict Rights of Nisei\" (p. 1), \"Nisei Children Deported With Alien Parents\" (p. 2), \"Alien Japanese GIs Take U.S. Citizen Oaths\" (p. 2), \"Tule Lake Camp Census Notes Low Figures\" (p. 3), \"Poston, Manzanar, Rohwer Centers, Long Empty, Officially Closed by Relocation Authority\" (p. 3), \"California's Supreme Court Asked to Rule State's Alien Property Legislation Invalid\" (p. 3), \"Majority of Nisei GI Queried in Tokyo Believe Long Military Occupation Needed for Japan\" (p. 5), \"Stay of Deportation Asked Until Congress Acts on Bill\" (p. 8).","extent":"1402W x 2023H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-121-16","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","creation":"16-Mar-46","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-121-16-mezzanine-e73936a22b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1002-8","model":"entity","index":"4 1279/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1002-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1002-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-haiko-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-haiko-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Aiko Herzig Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born August 5, 1924, in Sacramento, California. Grew up in Sacramento and Los Angeles. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, and transferred to the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Washington representative and researcher for National Council for Japanese American Redress (NCJAR) and primary archival researcher for Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC), the three <i>coram nobis</i> cases. Consultant to the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History exhibition. \"A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the United States Constitution\"; and consultant for the Justice Department's Office of Redress Administration.<p>(This interview was conducted by sisters Emiko and Chizuko Omori for their 1999 documentary,<i> Rabbit in the Moon</i>, about the Japanese American resisters of conscience in the World War II incarceration camps. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:52:29","links_children":"ddr-densho-1002-8","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":18,"namepart":"Herzig-Yoshinaga, Aiko"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emiko Omori"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Chizu Omori"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Emiko Omori and Witt Mons"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr009rk47","namepart":"Miyazaki, Aiko"}],"contributor":"Emiko and Chizuko Omori Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"March 20, 1994","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Herzig-Yoshinaga, Aiko narrator \nEmiko Omori interviewer \nChizu Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori and Witt Mons videographer Miyazaki, Aiko 88922nr009rk47","download_large":"denshovh-haiko-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-289","model":"entity","index":"5 1280/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-289/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-289/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kbruce-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kbruce-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Bruce T. Kaji Interview I","description":"Nisei male. Born May 9, 1926, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Los Angeles and was in high school when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. During the war, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Left camp to attend Morningside College in Sioux City, Iowa, then was inducted into the army. Joined the Military Intelligence Service and served in Japan during the U.S. occupation as an interpreter for the war crimes trials. Returned to Los Angeles and established Merit Savings Bank, later becoming involved in the redevelopment of Little Tokyo. Mr. Kaji is one of the key founders of the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:59:42","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-289","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":506,"namepart":"Bruce T. Kaji"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr009j78q","namepart":"Kaji, Teruo Bruce"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"July 28, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Bruce T. Kaji narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Kaji, Teruo Bruce 88922nr009j78q","download_large":"denshovh-kbruce-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-16","model":"entity","index":"6 1281/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-haiko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-haiko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga Interview I","description":"Nisei female. Born August 5, 1924, in Sacramento, California. Grew up in Sacramento and Los Angeles. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, and transferred to the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Washington representative and researcher for National Council for Japanese American Redress (NCJAR) and primary archival researcher for the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC), and the three coram nobis cases. Consultant to the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History exhibition. \"A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the United States Constitution\"; and consultant for the Justice Department's Office of Redress Administration.<p>(This interview was conducted at the Voices of Japanese American Redress Conference, held on the UCLA campus and sponsored by the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Because of the full conference schedule, our interviews were limited to one hour. The interviews therefore focused primarily on a single topic, namely, the narrator's role in the redress movement.)","extent":"00:55:52","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-16","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":18,"namepart":"Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Larry Hashima"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Glen Kitayama"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr009rk47","namepart":"Miyazaki, Aiko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"University of CA, Los Angeles","creation":"September 11, 1997","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga narrator \nLarry Hashima interviewer \nGlen Kitayama interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Miyazaki, Aiko 88922nr009rk47","download_large":"denshovh-haiko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"42","model":"narrator","index":"7 1282/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/42/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/42/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kfrank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kfrank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/42/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Kitamoto","bio":"Sansei male. Born May 28, 1939, on Bainbridge Island, Washington. Incarcerated with parents at Manzanar concentration camp, California, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Returned to Bainbridge Island after end of World War II. President of the Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community (BIJAC), a community organization dedicated to the preservation of Japanese American history on Bainbridge Island."},{"id":"602","model":"narrator","index":"8 1283/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/602/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/602/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nmasahiro.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nmasahiro.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/602/interviews/"},"display_name":"Masahiro Nakajo","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 17, 1927, in Moneta, California. Grew up in the Garden Grove area where parents ran a farm. Was taken to Japan to live as a young child until age ten. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, Caliifornia. After leaving camp, served in the military during the Korean War."},{"id":"239","model":"narrator","index":"9 1284/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/239/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/239/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/thikoji.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/thikoji.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/239/interviews/"},"display_name":"Hikoji Takeuchi","bio":"Nisei male. Born December 18, 1921, in Los Angeles, California. Parents owned and operated a restaurant. Father passed away prior to the onset of World War II, so mother was responsible for preparing the family to move to camp. Removed to Manzanar concentration camp, California, and in 1942, was shot by a military police officer while picking up scrap lumber. Renounced U.S. citizenship and expatriated to Japan where he worked for six years before returning to California."},{"id":"623","model":"narrator","index":"10 1285/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/623/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/623/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/gnancy.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/gnancy.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/623/interviews/"},"display_name":"Nancy Nakata Gohata","bio":"Sansei female. Born October 16, 1940, in Compton, California. As an infant, taken with family to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After the government issued the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" family was transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, lived for ten years at a farm labor camp on an island outside of Stockton. Eventually ended up living in the San Fernando Valley, and became very active with the Japanese American Citizens League."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-128","model":"entity","index":"11 1286/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-128/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-128/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Paul Bannai Interview I","description":"Nisei male. Born July 4, 1920 in Delta, Colorado. Grew up in small mining and farming towns in Colorado, Utah and Arizona, until his family moved to Boyle Heights in the Los Angeles, California area. After graduating from high school, he tested discrimination and employment practices and eventually succeeded in obtaining a job at a bank. During World War II, his family was held in Manzanar concentration camp, California. Mr. Bannai joined the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, and was later transferred to the U.S. Military Intelligence Service. He served in New Guinea and elsewhere overseas, was an interpreter for the Allied Translator and Interpreter Service (ATIS), and interpreted at the surrender of Japanese forces at ceremonies in Indonesia. Married and eventually resettled in Gardena, California, where he worked in the floral industry before founding the Bannai Realty and Insurance Company. An extremely active community and civic volunteer, Mr. Bannai joined the Elks Club as well as many veterans' and other organizations. He was elected to the Gardena city council in 1972, and in 1973 was elected to the California State Legislature. In 1980, Mr. Bannai became the executive director of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC). In 1981, he was appointed chief director of the Memorial Affairs Department of the Veterans Administration by President Ronald Reagan.","extent":"02:27:06","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-128","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":123,"namepart":"Paul Bannai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0099c15","namepart":"Bannai, Paul Takeo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 28, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Paul Bannai narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Bannai, Paul Takeo 88922nr0099c15","download_large":"denshovh-bpaul-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-150","model":"entity","index":"12 1287/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-150/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-150/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Paul Bannai Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born July 4, 1920 in Delta, Colorado. Grew up in small mining and farming towns in Colorado, Utah and Arizona, until his family moved to Boyle Heights in the Los Angeles, California area. After graduating from high school, he tested discrimination and employment practices and eventually succeeded in obtaining a job at a bank. During World War II, his family was held in Manzanar concentration camp, California. Mr. Bannai joined the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, and was later transferred to the U.S. Military Intelligence Service. He served in New Guinea and elsewhere overseas, was an interpreter for the Allied Translator and Interpreter Service (ATIS), and interpreted at the surrender of Japanese forces at ceremonies in Indonesia. Married and eventually resettled in Gardena, California, where he worked in the floral industry before founding the Bannai Realty and Insurance Company. An extremely active community and civic volunteer, Mr. Bannai joined the Elks Club as well as many veterans' and other organizations. He was elected to the Gardena city council in 1972, and in 1973 was elected to the California State Legislature. In 1980, Mr. Bannai became the executive director of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC). In 1981, he was appointed chief director of the Memorial Affairs Department of the Veterans Administration by President Ronald Reagan.","extent":"02:34:58","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-150","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":123,"namepart":"Paul Bannai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0099c15","namepart":"Bannai, Paul Takeo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 29, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Paul Bannai narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Bannai, Paul Takeo 88922nr0099c15","download_large":"denshovh-bpaul-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"438","model":"narrator","index":"13 1288/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/438/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/438/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mgeorge_3.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mgeorge_3.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/438/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Matsumoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 19, 1924, in San Francisco, California. At a young age, family moved to Ocean Park, California, where father ran a concession stand in an amusement park. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed with family to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. While in camp, had numerous jobs, including as part of the kitchen staff. In 1943, refused to answer the so-called \"loyalty questions\" and was transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After being released from camp, resettled in Chicago, Illinois, before returning to California."},{"id":"626","model":"narrator","index":"14 1289/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/626/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/626/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nrobert.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nrobert.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/626/interviews/"},"display_name":"Robert A. Nakamura","bio":"Nisei/Sansei male. Born July 5, 1936, in Venice, California. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, lived for a time in Denver before returning to Los Angeles. After the war, became a pioneering filmmaker. Founder of Visual Communications, the oldest community-based media arts center in the United States. Along with wife Karen Ishizuka, founded the Media Arts Center of the Japanese American National Museum."},{"id":"552","model":"narrator","index":"15 1290/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/552/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/552/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mjohn.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mjohn.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/552/interviews/"},"display_name":"John Kats Marumoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 24, 1927, in Terminal Island, California. Grew up on Terminal Island, where father was a fisherman. Lived in Japan for a short time in 1941. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, moved to Compton after the Japanese Americans were excluded from Terminal Island. Removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, worked on a fishing boat in Mexico. Drafted into the military in the 1950s and served in Japan. After the war, returned to California."},{"id":"616","model":"narrator","index":"16 1291/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/616/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/616/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mkiyo_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mkiyo_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/616/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kiyo Maruyama","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 28, 1920, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in the Glendale area, where father ran a gardening business. Was in college at UC Berkeley when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Left camp to work in Chicago. Drafted into the army and served with the Military Intelligence Service in Japan. Returned to California and started an accounting firm. Became involved in many community organizations in Los Angeles."},{"id":"248","model":"narrator","index":"17 1292/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/248/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/248/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tvictor.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tvictor.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/248/interviews/"},"display_name":"Victor Takemoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 27, 1926, in Bainbridge Island, Washington. Parents were strawberry farmers before World War II. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed with family to Manzanar concentration camp, California. Unlike most Bainbridge Island Japanese Americans, did not transfer to the Minidoka, Idaho, concentration camp. Returned to Bainbridge Island after the war, and attended the University of Washington."},{"id":"285","model":"narrator","index":"18 1293/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/285/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/285/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/stadashi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/stadashi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/285/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tadashi Sakuma","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 20, 1913, in Hiroshima, Japan, and immigrated to the United States at the age of eleven. Lived on Bainbridge Island, Washington. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, later transferring to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, lived in Moses Lake, Washington, for a time before eventually returning to Bainbridge Island."},{"id":"573","model":"narrator","index":"19 1294/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/573/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/573/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kted.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kted.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/573/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ted Kitayama","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 27, 1929, on Bainbridge Island, Washington. Grew up on Bainbridge where parents ran a nursery business. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Transferred to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, along with many other Japanese Americans from Bainbridge Island. After leaving camp, moved to Seattle, Washington, eventually establish a very successful nursery business."},{"id":"848","model":"narrator","index":"20 1295/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/848/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/848/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tclyde_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tclyde_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/848/interviews/"},"display_name":"Clyde Tichenor","bio":"White male. Born August 28, 1925, in Chicago, Illinois. Lost father at an early age and moved to Los Angeles, California. While in Los Angeles, began to study judo. Was part of a group in 1943 that visited Manzanar and competed in a judo tournament. Served in the navy during World War II and eventually returned to Los Angeles, continued to practice judo."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-47-37","model":"entity","index":"21 1296/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-47-37/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-47-37/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-47/ddr-csujad-47-37-mezzanine-0319df7b96-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-47/ddr-csujad-47-37-mezzanine-0319df7b96-a.jpg"},"title":"Volunteers dig ditches","description":"Photograph of men digging an irrigation channel at Manzanar incarceration camp. About 12-13 men with pickaxes and shovels digging and clearing brush. They are beside an irrigation ditch. The Sierra Nevada are to the left in the background with a little snow on their peaks. Car parked to the left with a man holding a camera standing next to the open car door. Barracks and utility poles are in the distant background.  Caption reads: \"Volunteers\" Dig Ditches. Title from caption, which was taken from the original photo album. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/36580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ecm_merritt_0064</a>","extent":"black and white, 3.125 x 4.125 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-47-37","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Construction","id":"534"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Nevada","id":"501"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-47-37-mezzanine-0319df7b96-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-47-15","model":"entity","index":"22 1297/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-47-15/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-47-15/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-47/ddr-csujad-47-15-mezzanine-79f3f8df0e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-47/ddr-csujad-47-15-mezzanine-79f3f8df0e-a.jpg"},"title":"Molly Hayes getting ready to snap Mr. Merritt holding the last evacuee in his arms","description":"Photograph of Molly Hayes getting ready to take a photograph of Ralph Merritt holding the last incarceree (a young boy) with a group of civil service employees observing. The group is standing at the front entrance of Manzanar with the sign, \"This project officially closed November 21-1945 no admittance except on business,\" the administrative buildings and the Sierra Nevada in the background. Caption reads: Molly Hayes getting ready to snap Mr. Merritt holding the last evacuee in his arms. November 21, 1945. Title from caption, which was taken from the original photo album. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/36568\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ecm_merritt_0042</a>","extent":"black and white, 3.5 x 5.25 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-47-15","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp","id":"101"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Women","id":"515"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Nevada","id":"501"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"11/21/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-47-15-mezzanine-79f3f8df0e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-2","model":"entity","index":"23 1298/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-2-mezzanine-670030a8d2-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-2-mezzanine-670030a8d2-a.jpg"},"title":"Term paper: my plan for the future","description":"Term paper by Chiyoko Nakasaki for period VII Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Chiyoko discusses finding an office job after graduation, but she worries about giving the wrong impression or building a bad reputation if she sets out as an independent female. She enjoys listening to music, and her true ambition is to travel, specifically to Hawaii and then the Statue of Liberty. Eventually she wants to take up music lessons again, especially piano. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9002. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/36279\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ecm_wells_0002</a>","extent":"10.5 x 8 inches, 12 pages, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-2","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Nakasaki, Chiyoko"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Nakasaki, Chiyoko author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-2-mezzanine-670030a8d2-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-37","model":"entity","index":"24 1299/{'value': 1346, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-37/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-37/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-37-mezzanine-374f4e2a29-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-37-mezzanine-374f4e2a29-a.jpg"},"title":"My career","description":"Term Paper by Matsumura Masuru for period VII Senior Problem class, taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Matsumura describes his desire to be an aeronautical engineer eventually. He describes the necessary training to become a pilot and a aircraft mechanic. He provides a list of technical schools and colleges that provide related degrees as well as their approximate cost. Matsumura provides a brief history of aviation and concludes his paper with a description of a number of modern airplanes. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9037. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/36225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ecm_wells_0037</a>","extent":"1 volume, 10.5 x 8 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-37","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Masuru, Matsumura"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Masuru, Matsumura author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-37-mezzanine-374f4e2a29-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Manzanar, California;","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}