(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:59:42","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-289","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":506,"namepart":"Bruce T. Kaji"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr009j78q","namepart":"Kaji, Teruo Bruce"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"July 28, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Bruce T. Kaji narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Kaji, Teruo Bruce 88922nr009j78q","download_large":"denshovh-kbruce-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-16","model":"entity","index":"12 1287/{'value': 1345, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-haiko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-haiko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga Interview I","description":"Nisei female. Born August 5, 1924, in Sacramento, California. Grew up in Sacramento and Los Angeles. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, and transferred to the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Washington representative and researcher for National Council for Japanese American Redress (NCJAR) and primary archival researcher for the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC), and the three coram nobis cases. Consultant to the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History exhibition. \"A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the United States Constitution\"; and consultant for the Justice Department's Office of Redress Administration.
(This interview was conducted at the Voices of Japanese American Redress Conference, held on the UCLA campus and sponsored by the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Because of the full conference schedule, our interviews were limited to one hour. The interviews therefore focused primarily on a single topic, namely, the narrator's role in the redress movement.)","extent":"00:55:52","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-16","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":18,"namepart":"Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Larry Hashima"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Glen Kitayama"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr009rk47","namepart":"Miyazaki, Aiko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"University of CA, Los Angeles","creation":"September 11, 1997","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga narrator \nLarry Hashima interviewer \nGlen Kitayama interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Miyazaki, Aiko 88922nr009rk47","download_large":"denshovh-haiko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1002-8","model":"entity","index":"13 1288/{'value': 1345, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1002-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1002-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-haiko-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-haiko-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Aiko Herzig Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born August 5, 1924, in Sacramento, California. Grew up in Sacramento and Los Angeles. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, and transferred to the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Washington representative and researcher for National Council for Japanese American Redress (NCJAR) and primary archival researcher for Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC), the three coram nobis cases. Consultant to the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History exhibition. \"A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the United States Constitution\"; and consultant for the Justice Department's Office of Redress Administration.
(This interview was conducted by sisters Emiko and Chizuko Omori for their 1999 documentary, Rabbit in the Moon, about the Japanese American resisters of conscience in the World War II incarceration camps. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:52:29","links_children":"ddr-densho-1002-8","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":18,"namepart":"Herzig-Yoshinaga, Aiko"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emiko Omori"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Chizu Omori"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Emiko Omori and Witt Mons"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr009rk47","namepart":"Miyazaki, Aiko"}],"contributor":"Emiko and Chizuko Omori Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"March 20, 1994","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Herzig-Yoshinaga, Aiko narrator \nEmiko Omori interviewer \nChizu Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori and Witt Mons videographer Miyazaki, Aiko 88922nr009rk47","download_large":"denshovh-haiko-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"285","model":"narrator","index":"14 1289/{'value': 1345, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/285/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/285/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/stadashi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/stadashi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/285/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tadashi Sakuma","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 20, 1913, in Hiroshima, Japan, and immigrated to the United States at the age of eleven. Lived on Bainbridge Island, Washington. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, later transferring to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, lived in Moses Lake, Washington, for a time before eventually returning to Bainbridge Island."},{"id":"248","model":"narrator","index":"15 1290/{'value': 1345, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/248/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/248/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tvictor.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tvictor.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/248/interviews/"},"display_name":"Victor Takemoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 27, 1926, in Bainbridge Island, Washington. Parents were strawberry farmers before World War II. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed with family to Manzanar concentration camp, California. Unlike most Bainbridge Island Japanese Americans, did not transfer to the Minidoka, Idaho, concentration camp. Returned to Bainbridge Island after the war, and attended the University of Washington."},{"id":"573","model":"narrator","index":"16 1291/{'value': 1345, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/573/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/573/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kted.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kted.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/573/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ted Kitayama","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 27, 1929, on Bainbridge Island, Washington. Grew up on Bainbridge where parents ran a nursery business. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Transferred to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, along with many other Japanese Americans from Bainbridge Island. After leaving camp, moved to Seattle, Washington, eventually establish a very successful nursery business."},{"id":"848","model":"narrator","index":"17 1292/{'value': 1345, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/848/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/848/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tclyde_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tclyde_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/848/interviews/"},"display_name":"Clyde Tichenor","bio":"White male. Born August 28, 1925, in Chicago, Illinois. Lost father at an early age and moved to Los Angeles, California. While in Los Angeles, began to study judo. Was part of a group in 1943 that visited Manzanar and competed in a judo tournament. Served in the navy during World War II and eventually returned to Los Angeles, continued to practice judo."},{"id":"652","model":"narrator","index":"18 1293/{'value': 1345, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/652/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/652/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hgrace_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hgrace_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/652/interviews/"},"display_name":"Grace Hata","bio":"Nisei female. Born December 5, 1930, in Gardena, California. Grew up in Gardena where parents ran a restaurant. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested and taken away by the FBI. During mass removal, family was sent to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, and reunited with father. Following the Leave Clearance questionnaire in 1943, family transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and then repatriated to Japan. Grace lived and worked in Japan for a year and a half before returning to California, finishing school, and becoming a nurse."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-128","model":"entity","index":"19 1294/{'value': 1345, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-128/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-128/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Paul Bannai Interview I","description":"Nisei male. Born July 4, 1920 in Delta, Colorado. Grew up in small mining and farming towns in Colorado, Utah and Arizona, until his family moved to Boyle Heights in the Los Angeles, California area. After graduating from high school, he tested discrimination and employment practices and eventually succeeded in obtaining a job at a bank. During World War II, his family was held in Manzanar concentration camp, California. Mr. Bannai joined the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, and was later transferred to the U.S. Military Intelligence Service. He served in New Guinea and elsewhere overseas, was an interpreter for the Allied Translator and Interpreter Service (ATIS), and interpreted at the surrender of Japanese forces at ceremonies in Indonesia. Married and eventually resettled in Gardena, California, where he worked in the floral industry before founding the Bannai Realty and Insurance Company. An extremely active community and civic volunteer, Mr. Bannai joined the Elks Club as well as many veterans' and other organizations. He was elected to the Gardena city council in 1972, and in 1973 was elected to the California State Legislature. In 1980, Mr. Bannai became the executive director of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC). In 1981, he was appointed chief director of the Memorial Affairs Department of the Veterans Administration by President Ronald Reagan.","extent":"02:27:06","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-128","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":123,"namepart":"Paul Bannai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0099c15","namepart":"Bannai, Paul Takeo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 28, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Paul Bannai narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Bannai, Paul Takeo 88922nr0099c15","download_large":"denshovh-bpaul-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-150","model":"entity","index":"20 1295/{'value': 1345, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-150/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-150/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Paul Bannai Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born July 4, 1920 in Delta, Colorado. Grew up in small mining and farming towns in Colorado, Utah and Arizona, until his family moved to Boyle Heights in the Los Angeles, California area. After graduating from high school, he tested discrimination and employment practices and eventually succeeded in obtaining a job at a bank. During World War II, his family was held in Manzanar concentration camp, California. Mr. Bannai joined the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, and was later transferred to the U.S. Military Intelligence Service. He served in New Guinea and elsewhere overseas, was an interpreter for the Allied Translator and Interpreter Service (ATIS), and interpreted at the surrender of Japanese forces at ceremonies in Indonesia. Married and eventually resettled in Gardena, California, where he worked in the floral industry before founding the Bannai Realty and Insurance Company. An extremely active community and civic volunteer, Mr. Bannai joined the Elks Club as well as many veterans' and other organizations. He was elected to the Gardena city council in 1972, and in 1973 was elected to the California State Legislature. In 1980, Mr. Bannai became the executive director of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC). In 1981, he was appointed chief director of the Memorial Affairs Department of the Veterans Administration by President Ronald Reagan.","extent":"02:34:58","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-150","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":123,"namepart":"Paul Bannai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0099c15","namepart":"Bannai, Paul Takeo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 29, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Paul Bannai narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Bannai, Paul Takeo 88922nr0099c15","download_large":"denshovh-bpaul-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-14-10","model":"entity","index":"21 1296/{'value': 1345, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-14-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-14-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-14/ddr-pc-14-10-mezzanine-b378bb04ba-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-14/ddr-pc-14-10-mezzanine-b378bb04ba-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 15 No. 7 (July 16, 1942)","description":"Selected article titles: \"U.S. Army Trains Thousand Nisei Soldiers for Overseas Duty as 'All-Japanese' Unit\" (p. 1), \"Four Japanese Face U.S. Indictments in Santa Anita Incident\" (p. 1), \"Nisei Loyalty to U.S. Stressed By WRA Official in Congress\" (p. 1), \"States Have No Right to Bar Citizens, Says Governor Carr\" (p. 2), \"Production Is Key to Future of 'Industrial' Manzanar\" (p. 3), \"Masaoka Back In Washington For Conferences\" (p. 6), \"Salt Lake Tribune Says Inland States Must Assimilate Large Japanese Group After War\" (p. 6), \"Greeks Protest Use Of Japanese Labor On California Farms\" (p. 6), \"WRA Official Says U.S. Nisei Loyal\" (p. 7), \"Roosevelt Says Aliens Should Be Used in Industry\" (p. 8), \"Nisei Instructors Teach Japanese to Army Enlisted Men\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-14-10","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"PCN_19420716","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"July 16, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-14-10-mezzanine-b378bb04ba-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-2","model":"entity","index":"22 1297/{'value': 1345, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-2-mezzanine-670030a8d2-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-2-mezzanine-670030a8d2-a.jpg"},"title":"Term paper: my plan for the future","description":"Term paper by Chiyoko Nakasaki for period VII Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Chiyoko discusses finding an office job after graduation, but she worries about giving the wrong impression or building a bad reputation if she sets out as an independent female. She enjoys listening to music, and her true ambition is to travel, specifically to Hawaii and then the Statue of Liberty. Eventually she wants to take up music lessons again, especially piano. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9002. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0002","extent":"10.5 x 8 inches, 12 pages, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-2","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Nakasaki, Chiyoko"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Nakasaki, Chiyoko author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-2-mezzanine-670030a8d2-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-37","model":"entity","index":"23 1298/{'value': 1345, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-37/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-37/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-37-mezzanine-374f4e2a29-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-37-mezzanine-374f4e2a29-a.jpg"},"title":"My career","description":"Term Paper by Matsumura Masuru for period VII Senior Problem class, taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Matsumura describes his desire to be an aeronautical engineer eventually. He describes the necessary training to become a pilot and a aircraft mechanic. He provides a list of technical schools and colleges that provide related degrees as well as their approximate cost. Matsumura provides a brief history of aviation and concludes his paper with a description of a number of modern airplanes. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9037. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0037","extent":"1 volume, 10.5 x 8 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-37","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Masuru, Matsumura"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Masuru, Matsumura author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-37-mezzanine-374f4e2a29-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-23","model":"entity","index":"24 1299/{'value': 1345, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-23/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-23/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-23-mezzanine-20386d31e5-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-23-mezzanine-20386d31e5-a.jpg"},"title":"Nisei's future","description":"Assignment by Ben (last name missing due to torn upper right corner) for period III Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Ben believes the future of the Nisei is a dark one, because they are being held as prisoners of war even though they are American citizens. He states the Nisei must realize the propaganda against them and the prejudice they will face when they leave the camps. They must think and prepare for the future. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9023. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0023","extent":"1 page, 11 x 8.5 inches, typescript, damaged","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-23","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-23-mezzanine-20386d31e5-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Manzanar, California;","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}