This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:03:20","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-11-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":144,"namepart":"James Omura"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","geography":[{"term":"Cheyenne, Wyoming","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7013956\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"James Omura narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-ojimmie-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-11-7","model":"segment","index":"1 6651/{'value': 6770, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-11-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-11-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-ojimmie-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-ojimmie-03-a.jpg"},"title":"James Omura Interview II Segment 7","description":"Opinion of the Japanese American Citizens League and Mike Masaoka
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:05:48","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-11-7","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":144,"namepart":"James Omura"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"James Omura narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-ojimmie-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-11-4","model":"segment","index":"2 6652/{'value': 6770, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-11-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-11-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-ojimmie-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-ojimmie-03-a.jpg"},"title":"James Omura Interview II Segment 4","description":"Suspecting Minoru Yasui of being a government informant
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:06:10","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-11-4","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":144,"namepart":"James Omura"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"James Omura narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-ojimmie-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-20-3","model":"segment","index":"3 6653/{'value': 6770, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-20-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-20-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Emi Interview II Segment 3","description":"Preparing for mass removal; memories of Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:05:18","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-20-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","geography":[{"term":"Los Angeles, California","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1002608\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"January 30, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-20-5","model":"segment","index":"4 6654/{'value': 6770, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-20-5/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-20-5/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Emi Interview II Segment 5","description":"Discussion of the leave clearance questionnaire: \"I felt so strongly that these questions were very unfair and stupid\"
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:05:24","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-20-5","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- Registration and the \"loyalty questionnaire\"","id":"85"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"January 30, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-20-18","model":"segment","index":"5 6655/{'value': 6770, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-20-18/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-20-18/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Emi Interview II Segment 18","description":"Serving time in the Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:04:01","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-20-18","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance","id":"95"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary","id":"43"}],"creation":"January 30, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-20-14","model":"segment","index":"6 6656/{'value': 6770, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-20-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-20-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Emi Interview II Segment 14","description":"The trustworthiness of the members of the Fair Play Committee
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:03:54","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-20-14","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance","id":"95"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"January 30, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-20-15","model":"segment","index":"7 6657/{'value': 6770, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-20-15/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-20-15/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Emi Interview II Segment 15","description":"Arrest by the FBI, leaving family and being taken to jail
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:04:52","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-20-15","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance","id":"95"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"January 30, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-20-13","model":"segment","index":"8 6658/{'value': 6770, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-20-13/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-20-13/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Emi Interview II Segment 13","description":"Thoughts on Ben Kuroki's visit to Heart Mountain
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:04:38","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-20-13","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance","id":"95"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"January 30, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-20-8","model":"segment","index":"9 6659/{'value': 6770, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-20-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-20-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Emi Interview II Segment 8","description":"Ineligible for the draft, yet choosing to resist on principle
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:04:28","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-20-8","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance","id":"95"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"January 30, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-20-2","model":"segment","index":"10 6660/{'value': 6770, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-20-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-20-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Emi Interview II Segment 2","description":"Memories of the aftermath of Pearl Harbor, curfew
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:03:06","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-20-2","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Personal recollections","id":"51"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","geography":[{"term":"Los Angeles, California","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1002608\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"January 30, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-20-4","model":"segment","index":"11 6661/{'value': 6770, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-20-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-20-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Emi Interview II Segment 4","description":"
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:01:38","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-20-4","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"January 30, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-17-1","model":"segment","index":"12 6662/{'value': 6770, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-17-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-17-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kkats_g-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kkats_g-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Kats Kunitsugu - Paul Tsuneishi Interview Segment 1","description":"Reading of an essay written by a student in an concentration camp school
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:04:20","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-17-1","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":159,"namepart":"Kats Kunitsugu"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":160,"namepart":"Paul Tsuneishi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"August 22, 1995","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kats Kunitsugu narrator \nPaul Tsuneishi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-kkats_g-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-17-2","model":"segment","index":"13 6663/{'value': 6770, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-17-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-17-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kkats_g-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kkats_g-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Kats Kunitsugu - Paul Tsuneishi Interview Segment 2","description":"The atmosphere in which individuals decided to resist the draft
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:06:41","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-17-2","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":159,"namepart":"Kats Kunitsugu"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":160,"namepart":"Paul Tsuneishi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance","id":"95"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"August 22, 1995","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kats Kunitsugu narrator \nPaul Tsuneishi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-kkats_g-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-17-4","model":"segment","index":"14 6664/{'value': 6770, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-17-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-17-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kkats_g-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kkats_g-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Kats Kunitsugu - Paul Tsuneishi Interview Segment 4","description":"Description of food in concentration camps
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:05:30","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-17-4","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":159,"namepart":"Kats Kunitsugu"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":160,"namepart":"Paul Tsuneishi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Food","id":"68"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"August 22, 1995","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kats Kunitsugu narrator \nPaul Tsuneishi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-kkats_g-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-17-3","model":"segment","index":"15 6665/{'value': 6770, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-17-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-17-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kkats_g-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kkats_g-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Kats Kunitsugu - Paul Tsuneishi Interview Segment 3","description":"Camp inmates' interaction with white communities outside of camp
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