(This interview was conducted as part of a project to capture stories of the Japanese American community of Spokane, Washington. Densho worked in collaboration with the Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture.)","extent":"01:22:08","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-192","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":217,"namepart":"Sumi Okamoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Megan Asaka"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Spokane, Washington","creation":"April 26, 2006","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Sumi Okamoto narrator \nMegan Asaka interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-osumi-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-1-201","model":"entity","index":"4 579/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-1-201/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-1-201/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-201-mezzanine-63a0daca4f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-1/ddr-one-1-201-mezzanine-63a0daca4f-a.jpg"},"title":"Obon Festival- Odori folk dance","description":"Black and white photographic negative of Obon dancers, children hold small Japanese and American flags, adult holds wooden blocks, in front of a crowd. Adult Obon dancer identified as Harue Akiyama (the Odori teacher). Crowd standing on the right side of a large wooden pole: second from the left is Ruby (Takashima) Sumino, third from the left is Hanako Terakawa Tamura. Standing in the crowd to the right of Harue Akiyama is Martha (Miyasaki) Kondo, and Jane (Onchi) Mishiro. Obon is an annual event hosted by the Oregon Buddhist Church (now known as Oregon Buddhist Temple) and attended by the wider Nikkei community. This image was taken at Holladay Park in Portland, Oregon.","extent":"4W x 5H","links_children":"ddr-one-1-201","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Hirahara, Frank"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Performing arts -- Dance -- Odori","id":"248"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Oregon -- Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Community activities -- Festivals, celebrations, and holidays -- Obon","id":"305"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Buddhism","id":"395"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Returning home","id":"106"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"Portland, Oregon","creation":"1948-1954","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hirahara, Frank photographer","download_large":"ddr-one-1-201-mezzanine-63a0daca4f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-352","model":"entity","index":"5 580/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-352/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-352/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-352-mezzanine-89d9e30d7f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-352-mezzanine-89d9e30d7f-a.jpg"},"title":"Rev. Ai Chih Tsai Biography and Legacy","description":"Powerpoint for Taiwanese-American Historical Society Exhibit presented on May 17, 2017","extent":"unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-352","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Lee, Bisim (Tsai)"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Peter"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Education","id":"31"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"Identity and values","id":"42"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Chinese American identity","id":"455"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Men","id":"511"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Peter"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Whitney"},{"namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Taiwanese American Historical Society"},{"namepart":"Tainan Presbyterian High School"},{"namepart":"Doshisha Daigaku"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago Divinity School"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) United States Office of Naval Intelligence"},{"namepart":"Columbia University"},{"namepart":"United States Department of War"},{"namepart":"United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)"},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church"},{"namepart":"Seattle Formosan Christian Church"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Kerr, George \"Jack\" H."},{"namepart":"Watkins, James T. IV"},{"namepart":"United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)"},{"namepart":"Shackleton, Allan"},{"namepart":"Shackleton, Colin"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"narrative","creation":"May 17, 2017","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) author \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) author \nLee, Bisim (Tsai) author \nTsai, Peter author Tsai, Ai Chih \nTsai, Peter \nTsai, Whitney \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) \nTaiwanese American Historical Society \nTainan Presbyterian High School \nDoshisha Daigaku \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) United States Office of Naval Intelligence \nColumbia University \nUnited States Department of War \nUnited Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) \nJapanese Congregational Church \nSeattle Formosan Christian Church \nCaldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nKerr, George \"Jack\" H. \nWatkins, James T. IV \nUnited States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS) \nShackleton, Allan \nShackleton, Colin","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-352-mezzanine-89d9e30d7f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-23-16","model":"entity","index":"6 581/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-23-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-23-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-16-mezzanine-6fd8da7b2a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-16-mezzanine-6fd8da7b2a-a.jpg"},"title":"Enmanji Temple","description":"Postcard depicting the Enmanji Temple. The structure was originally built for the Manchurian Railroad Company to be exhibited at the Chicago World Fair in 1932. When the building was brought to Sonoma County and rebuilt as the Buddhist Church, Chief Abbot Ohtani of Japan granted it the title of \"Temple,\" the only building in the United States with such a title. The name Enmanji stands for Sonoma Temple. The building is a Kamakura-type structure, which symbolizes a part of the epoch-making culture of the Kamakura period (1180-1333). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: lp041-01-011-001","extent":"color","links_children":"ddr-csujad-23-16","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Hawthorne, Thomas"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Thomas Hawthorne Photographics"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Buddhism","id":"395"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Sonoma State University Library, Rohnert Park, California","rights":"nocc","genre":"postcard","location":"Sebastopol, California","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hawthorne, Thomas photographer \nThomas Hawthorne Photographics publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-23-16-mezzanine-6fd8da7b2a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-4-1687","model":"entity","index":"7 582/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-4-1687/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-4-1687/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-1687-master-3c33c65dce-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-1687-master-3c33c65dce-a.jpg"},"title":"Toraji Onaka seated at a piano","description":"Caption on reverse [translation]: \"(Tokyo) February 11, 1936. The Music Department of the Imperial Court is going to produce Japanese court music which will be played by Western musical instruments. The melody of the Imperial Court music is expected to be popular worldwide. The Music Department of the Imperial Court hired newcomers to organize the wind instrument section of the Imperial Court Music Department last fall. Citizens applied for the contest, which was held by the department to hear music for the Western instruments. The department announced Toraji Onaka as the second prize winner. He received 150 yen. He is an organist and graduated from Doshisha University. He plays in Ren Nan Zaka Church. He was a pupil of Kosaku Yamada. Also, he seriously studied the music of beginners' classics in Germany.\"","extent":"2.25W x 2.5H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-4-1687","format":"img","language":["jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Onaka, Toraji"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Tokyo, Japan","creation":"11-Feb-36","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Onaka, Toraji","download_large":"ddr-njpa-4-1687-master-3c33c65dce-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-147","model":"entity","index":"8 583/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-147/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-147/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-147-mezzanine-d7d53d6851-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-147-mezzanine-d7d53d6851-a.jpg"},"title":"U.S. Department of Justice Alien Enemy Questionnaire page 25 of 26.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified questionnaire used to determine if the person named is to be considered an enemy alien. This page covers questions 103a - 108 of 111. These questions seek additional information on all the organizations that Koyama is affiliated with. They ask for how long he has been involved in the organizations, if the collect dues, how the money is used, and if the money is used abroad. One question asks if he reads any foreign language newspapers and he lists the Oregon News out of Portland and the North American Times out of Seattle, Washington. For the last question on his family's involvement in other organizations, he lists the Japanese M.E. Church for his wife and the Young Men's Christian Association and the Boy Scouts of America for his son, William Koyama.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H; NDD978084","links_children":"ddr-one-5-147","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Administration","id":"401"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"U.S. Department of Justice"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"blank_form","creation":"January 24, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Keizaburo author Koyama, Keizaburo \nU.S. Department of Justice","download_large":"ddr-one-5-147-mezzanine-d7d53d6851-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-42-50","model":"entity","index":"9 584/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-42-50/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-42-50/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-42/ddr-csujad-42-50-mezzanine-4511ff76f4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-42/ddr-csujad-42-50-mezzanine-4511ff76f4-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Tsuruno Meguro to Yoneko Takano, June, 1942","description":"A letter from Tsuruno Meguro in the Pomona Assembly Center to her daughter, Yoneko Takano in the Santa Anita Assembly Center. In the letter, Tsuruno describes the lives and conditions in the camp, including the hot weather, classes and entertainment, church, allowance and wages, and other incarcerees who she met in the camp. She writes about her neighbor's daughter whose father was interned in the Santa Fe Internment Camp in New Mexico. She also expresses her anxiety about their future, such as where to be transferred eventually. English translation is found in item: csudh_tak_0051. Typescript is found in item: csudh_tak_0052. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: tak_01_28_001","extent":"4 pages, 8.5 x 11 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-42-50","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Meguro, Tsuruno"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers -- Living conditions","id":"62"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers -- Social and recreational activities","id":"63"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers -- Religion","id":"410"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Pomona, California","facility":[{"term":"Pomona","id":"24"}],"creation":"1942-06","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Meguro, Tsuruno author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-42-50-mezzanine-4511ff76f4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-57-40","model":"entity","index":"10 585/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-57-40/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-57-40/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-57/ddr-csujad-57-40-mezzanine-ef1ee19a3d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-57/ddr-csujad-57-40-mezzanine-ef1ee19a3d-a.jpg"},"title":"First California yearly meeting of Friends","description":"Rows of chairs are filled with male and female spectators facing a stage at the front of a room, where two rows of black-clad men and women sit and stand. A framed photograph of John Greenleaf Whittier hangs on the wall above the people on stage, along with some streamers. [Printed on paper attached to matboard] First California Yearly Meeting of Friends Church. R. H. Gardiner, Artist. [Followed by lists of names from various states.] [Handwritten on verso] First yearly meeting of California assmebled inside Whittier College Auditorium, Founders Hall, March 1895. Title from attached paper. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: FFC-0039","extent":"Electronic copy only;","links_children":"ddr-csujad-57-40","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Gardiner, R. H."}],"topics":[{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Whittier Public Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"Whittier, California","creation":"1895-03","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gardiner, R. H. photographer","download_large":"ddr-csujad-57-40-mezzanine-ef1ee19a3d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-242","model":"entity","index":"11 586/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-242/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-242/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mnobuko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mnobuko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Nobuko Miyake-Stoner Interview","description":"Japanese female. Born Feburary 10, 1952, in Hiroshima, Japan. Descendant of survivors of the atomic bombing in 1945. Father was a kamikaze pilot during World War II who was unable to fulfill his mission due to the war's end. Nobuko attended the Hiroshima Jogakuin, a missionary school established for young women. Graduated with an M.A. in Religious Education from the Iliff School of Theology in Denver, Colorado, and then a Master of Divinity and Doctor of Ministry from the School of Theology at Claremont, California. Served as minister in a number of United Methodist churchs in California and Colorado, then served as Senior Pastor at the Harris United Methodist Church in Honolulu, Hawaii, from 2005-2016. After retiring, launched \"House for All,\" a program for underprivileged latch-key children in Hiroshima, Japan.","extent":"01:14:38","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-242","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":389,"namepart":"Nobuko Miyake-Stoner"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Megan Asaka"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"June 2, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Nobuko Miyake-Stoner narrator \nMegan Asaka interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-mnobuko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-357","model":"entity","index":"12 587/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-357/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-357/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-357-mezzanine-d1bd48a8e8-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-357-mezzanine-d1bd48a8e8-a.jpg"},"title":"Rev. Ai Chih's Tsai's Memorial Service Program","description":"","extent":"5.5W x 8.5H (closed); 11W x 8.5H (open)","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-357","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Community activities -- Funerals","id":"308"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Lee, Bisim (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Peter"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Yi"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Chen Hua"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Weng Hu"},{"namepart":"Morikawa, George Kiyoshi"},{"namepart":"Luttio, Stephen"},{"namepart":"Blaine Memorial United Methodist Church"},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church"},{"namepart":"Hong, Mark"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Chen Yang"},{"namepart":"Yamashita, Tossie"},{"namepart":"Lee, Larry"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, Mark Ming Chih"},{"namepart":"Lee, Kristi"},{"namepart":"Poe, Sarah LiHoa"},{"namepart":"Poe, Michael"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Melyssa"},{"namepart":"Lee, David"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Whitney"},{"namepart":"Hayes, Catherine \"Cathy\""},{"namepart":"Yamada, Teresa"},{"namepart":"Farren, Rhys"},{"namepart":"Patrick, Timothy \"Tim\""},{"namepart":"Hata, David"},{"namepart":"Soyejima, William \"Bill\""},{"namepart":"Ii, Aiko"},{"namepart":"Yamashita, Jack"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, Frank"},{"namepart":"Poe, Don"},{"namepart":"Cooper, Marvin"},{"namepart":"Rei, Ralph"},{"namepart":"Haeyes, Vern"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Andrew"},{"namepart":"Yamada, Dennis"},{"namepart":"Yoshioka, Sumi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"program","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"August 15, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ai Chih \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) \nLee, Bisim (Tsai) \nTsai, Peter \nTsai, Ai Yi \nTsai, Chen Hua \nTsai, Weng Hu \nMorikawa, George Kiyoshi \nLuttio, Stephen \nBlaine Memorial United Methodist Church \nJapanese Congregational Church \nHong, Mark \nTsai, Chen Yang \nYamashita, Tossie \nLee, Larry \nCaldwell, Mark Ming Chih \nLee, Kristi \nPoe, Sarah LiHoa \nPoe, Michael \nTsai, Melyssa \nLee, David \nTsai, Whitney \nHayes, Catherine \"Cathy\" \nYamada, Teresa \nFarren, Rhys \nPatrick, Timothy \"Tim\" \nHata, David \nSoyejima, William \"Bill\" \nIi, Aiko \nYamashita, Jack \nCaldwell, Frank \nPoe, Don \nCooper, Marvin \nRei, Ralph \nHaeyes, Vern \nTsai, Andrew \nYamada, Dennis \nYoshioka, Sumi","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-357-mezzanine-d1bd48a8e8-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-483-95","model":"entity","index":"13 588/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-483-95/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-483-95/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-483/ddr-densho-483-95-mezzanine-102b86b376-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-483/ddr-densho-483-95-mezzanine-102b86b376-a.jpg"},"title":"Scrapbook of newspaper clipping","description":"Loose scrapbook pages containing newspaper and magazine clipping, bulletins, program, school essay, photograph, and ephemera. Selected article titles and additional contents: Seattle Post-Intelligencer: \"Bainbridge Japs prepare to leave\" (p. 1), \"Tired old woodenface sets new attendance record\" (p. 3), Hunt High School Commencement Program (p. 4), \"Prober Dies would find dust but no 'coddling' at center\" (p. 5), \"Japanese say youths break from parents\" (p. 5), \"Hunt housewives take English lessons\" (p. 5), Federated Christian Church Easter Sunrise Service (p. 6), \"First to return under new rule\" (p. 10), \"Baptist minister announces betrothal on New Year's Eve\" (p. 13), \"Kindergarten children hold May festival\" (p. 13), \"Hotel leasing increases due to evacuation\" (p. 13), Seattle Times: \"Japanese pack their own firewood\" (p. 15), Seattle Times: \"Japanese organize own government at Puyallup\" (p. 15), \"Kindergarten scores a hit\" (p. 16), \"Died in Battle\" (p. 17), \"News and Views\" (p. 18), \"Adopted Child is Part D[?]\" (p. 19), On Christmas eve (p. 20), A Christmas Story (p. 21), \"Colorado visitors entertained at open house\" (p. 22), Seattle Post-Intelligencer: \"Evacuation of Calif. Japs now under way\" (p. 24), Cedar Rapids Gazette: \"Adventure in fauth succeeds at McGregor\" (p. 25), \"Mixed Emotions\" (p. 26), \"Life began at fifty!\" by Tsutomu Fukuyama (p. 27), Promotion Certificate (p. 30)","extent":"pages: 6W x 9H; clipping: various sizes","links_children":"ddr-densho-483-95","topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Literary arts -- Essays","id":"240"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Bainbridge Island","id":"291"},{"term":"Military service","id":"296"},{"term":"Education -- Primary education","id":"333"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Mass media","id":"391"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers -- Politics and self-governance","id":"530"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0110z61","namepart":"Takagi, Sumire Florence"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr0063267","namepart":"Takaya, Terujiro Teddy"},{"namepart":"Takemoto, Barbara"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr0068w8f","namepart":"Takeshita, Haruko"},{"namepart":"Takeshita, Hiroshi"},{"namepart":"Tamabe, Att"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr0063k29","namepart":"Tamiyasu, Masaki George"},{"namepart":"Tamura, Richard"},{"namepart":"Tamura, Tad"},{"namepart":"Tanabe, Shigeo"},{"namepart":"Tanaka, Betty"},{"namepart":"Tsuye, Alice"},{"namepart":"Watanabe, Ruth"},{"namepart":"Watanabe, Tatsuko"},{"namepart":"Yoshihara, Misato"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr006882h","namepart":"Yoshihara, Sumiko"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr0003h5j","namepart":"Yuzuriha, Shigeru"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"album","facility":[{"term":"Puyallup (Camp Harmony)","id":"11"},{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"status":"completed","search_hidden":"Takagi, Sumire Florence 88922nr0110z61\nTakaya, Terujiro Teddy 88922nr0063267\nTakemoto, Barbara \nTakeshita, Haruko 88922nr0068w8f\nTakeshita, Hiroshi \nTamabe, Att \nTamiyasu, Masaki George 88922nr0063k29\nTamura, Richard \nTamura, Tad \nTanabe, Shigeo \nTanaka, Betty \nTsuye, Alice \nWatanabe, Ruth \nWatanabe, Tatsuko \nYoshihara, Misato \nYoshihara, Sumiko 88922nr006882h\nYuzuriha, Shigeru 88922nr0003h5j","download_large":"ddr-densho-483-95-mezzanine-102b86b376-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-358","model":"entity","index":"14 589/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-358/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-358/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-358-mezzanine-2cc0c7c4b0-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-358-mezzanine-2cc0c7c4b0-a.jpg"},"title":"Mrs. Ryo Morikawa Tsai's Memorial Service Program","description":"","extent":"5.5W x 8.5H (closed); 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that the Government must make a greater effort to supply housing and financial aid for people who are resettling; that those opposing resettlement are \"making a mockery of our war aim to ensure justice and freedom\"; and that the church and \"other public-spirited citizens\" should help to defend the rights of minorities and encourage people who are resettling to \"join in their activities and membership.\" The document refers people to the Pacific Coast Committee on American Principles and Fair Play, with offices in Berkeley and Los Angeles, for more information. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: RSG_05-01_01","extent":"2 pages, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-18-4","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Chapman, Gordon K."}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil liberties","id":"233"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Francisco","id":"273"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations","id":"16"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance -- Fair Play Committee","id":"428"},{"term":"World War II -- Support from the non-Japanese American community","id":"80"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Northridge. University Library. Special Collections & Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"6/15/1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Chapman, Gordon K. author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-18-4-mezzanine-c93b83c25d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-57-37","model":"entity","index":"16 591/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-57-37/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-57-37/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-57/ddr-csujad-57-37-mezzanine-210643ab29-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-57/ddr-csujad-57-37-mezzanine-210643ab29-a.jpg"},"title":"Pastors at Forward Movement Conference","description":"A group of pastors in formal clothing, including two women, stands before the First Friends Church, located at 13205 (310 E.) Philadelphia St., Whittier, Calif. [Handwritten on photomat] Pastors at Forward Movement Conference. Whittier, Cal. S. J. Pickering (E. Whittier) ; Cal Jones (Alamitos) ; Eli Reece (Los Angeles) ; H. C. Hollingsworth (Sunnyside) ; Geo. Taylor (San Diego) ; W. Nahlon Perry (Ramona) ; Tennyson Lewis (Alamo) ; Joseph Peel (Pasadena) ; Wallace Gill (Bell) ; Chas. White (El Modeno) ; Geo. Williams (Huntington Park) ; H. R. Keates (Gen. Sup't.) ; John S. Kimber ; John Huff (Berkeley) ; Frank W. Dell (Whittier) ; Blanche F. Pickering (E. Whittier) ; Flora Mills (Whittier) ; A. Rosenberger (Pres. Evan'C. Bd.) ; Abram Astleford (Montebello). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: FFC-0036","extent":"Electronic copy only;","links_children":"ddr-csujad-57-37","topics":[{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Whittier Public Library","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"Whittier, California","creation":"1/29/1926","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-57-37-mezzanine-210643ab29-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1024-17","model":"entity","index":"17 592/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1024-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1024-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-17-mezzanine-8f213b2ab6-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-17-mezzanine-8f213b2ab6-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese Relocation","description":"Narr. by Milton S. Eisenhower, director of the War Relocation Authority. An historical record of the transfer of Japanese residents from the Pacific Coast to the American Interior as carried out the the U.S. Army and the War Relocation Authority. 100,000 people of Japanese ancestry, two-thirds of them American citizens. Special attention given to possibility of sabotage & espionage.\\n\"Japanese themselves cheerfully handled the enormous paperwork involved.\" Alludes to the auctioning of personal property by government agencies and businessmen, saying that it \"often involved financial sacrifice for the evacuees.\" Narration says that evacuees \"cooperated wholeheartedly,\" noting that \"the many loyal among them felt that this was a sacrifice that they could make in behalf of America's war effort.\"\\nBus and private car caravans, shopkeepers' stores, homes, restaurants, fishing boats are shown. Temporary quarters were in \"assembly centers,\" at race tracks , and fair grounds. San Anita (sp.?) race track , a community of 17,000.\\nDepicts camp life: cafeteria, church services, nursery schools, people engaged in war-related work (making camouflage nets for army). Building new quarters in the desert for the final movement to the relocation camps. Smiling Japanese people being carted off on trains. Medical facilities, Americanization classes, schools, internal government, barracks-style housing, irrigation projects in desert.\\nSome evacuees were \"permitted\" to become fieldhands in sugar beet fields under appropriate safeguards. Describes the goal of the relocation as achieved when \"all adult hands\" are engaged in \"productive work on public land or in private employment.\" And when \"the disloyal have left this country for good.\"\\nRelocation seen as a humane act \"setting the standard for the rest of the world in the treatment of people who may have loyalties to an enemy nation, protecting ourselves without violating the principles of Christian decency.\"\r\n\r\nSee this item in the Digital Library of the Japanese American Incarceration Films at: https://archive.org/details/0042_Japanese_Relocation_18_00_50_00.","extent":"00:09:32","links_children":"ddr-densho-1024-17","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"U.S. Office of War Information"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"motion_picture","creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"U.S. Office of War Information publisher","download_large":"ddr-densho-1024-17-mezzanine-8f213b2ab6-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-101","model":"entity","index":"18 593/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-101/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-101/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-101-mezzanine-7c94cbe870-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-101-mezzanine-7c94cbe870-a.jpg"},"title":"Case file for Keizaburo Koyama from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Page 4 of 6.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified report on Keizaburo Koyama. The page starts with a review of the 1928 census which states that Koyama entered the United States in December of 1918 and that he has a wife, a son named Katsumi, and two daughters named Eva and Kes. Myron Johnston, a neighbor of Koyama, tracked Koyama's family schedule and noted that Koyama often came home around 11 or 12 o'clock and that his wife and kids attended the local Methodist Church. Johnston stated that Koyama considered the Japanese-Chinese war as undiplomatic on Japan's part and that it was instigated by a small military group and was not desired by most Japanese. Johnston went on to say that Koyama sends his son to the Japanese language school. Johnston said he and Koyama have golfed together on several occasions and that he has never heard of Koyama disparaging the United States, but should Koyama start asking suspicious questions, Johnston would inform the police immediately. The report notes that on December 10, 1941 at 4:00, Koyama was picked up by Lieutenant William Browne and Officer Lawrence P. O'Halloran. They did a complete search of Koyama's office and cataloged the evidence they collected. Koyama provided written permission for the search. He was then delivered to Immigrant Inspector Louis C. Hafferman at the U.S. Court House, Portland, Oregon at 4:30 PM. He was interrogated by Inspector Clarence J. Wise.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-101","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Quinn, Vincent M."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Quinn, Vincent M."},{"namepart":"Johnston, Myron"},{"namepart":"Browne, William"},{"namepart":"O'Halloran, Lawrence P."},{"namepart":"Hafferman, Louis C."},{"namepart":"Wise, Clarence J."},{"namepart":"Koyama"},{"namepart":"Portland Police Department"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"January 14, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Quinn, Vincent M. author Quinn, Vincent M. \nJohnston, Myron \nBrowne, William \nO'Halloran, Lawrence P. \nHafferman, Louis C. \nWise, Clarence J. \nKoyama \nPortland Police Department","download_large":"ddr-one-5-101-mezzanine-7c94cbe870-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-658","model":"entity","index":"19 594/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-658/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-658/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-658-mezzanine-099b48f7b3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-658-mezzanine-099b48f7b3-a.jpg"},"title":"General information bulletin (Cody, Wyo.), series 26 (October 15, 1942)","description":"General information bulletin, series 26, published at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp, Wyoming on October 15, 1942. Bulletin including news, events, and topics related to Heart Mountain incarceration camp. Includes: Evacuees protected by disability benefits; Offer aid in application for ballots; Doctors rotate for duty at hospital; Dr. Ito in charge of milk station; Fourth appendectomy at hospital; Vital statistics; Radio preacher to speak at rally; Catholics change church locale; Personal items welcome; Evacuee property now under WRA control; Home canning project employs 26 women; School and music announcements; Boys club leaders appointed; Four mess halls designated for recreation activities; Vehicles with sirens have right of way; Fire damages bedding of resident; Nisei soldiers visiting Heart Mountain; and Recreation activities, meetings, announcements. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0660","extent":"6 pages; 10.5 x 8 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-658","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Social and recreational activities","id":"195"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications","id":"74"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Cody, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"10/15/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States. War Relocation Authority author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-658-mezzanine-099b48f7b3-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-659","model":"entity","index":"20 595/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-659/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-659/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-659-mezzanine-0a98c951da-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-659-mezzanine-0a98c951da-a.jpg"},"title":"General information bulletin (Cody, Wyo.), series 27 (October 17, 1942)","description":"General information bulletin, series 27, published at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp, Wyoming on October 17, 1942. Bulletin including news, events, and topics related to Heart Mountain incarceration camp. Includes: City planning boar formed; Church services in permanent locale; Religious activities; Week-day activities; Civilians, soldiers visitors here; Issue mackinaw jackets to workers; Payment of sales tax explained; Many September work orders unassigned; Fire fighting crews put on 24 hour duty; Second case to be tried Monday; Ex-Northwestern instructor to head night school; C.E. employees asked to attend co-op meetings; Voters urged to send for absentee ballots; Eight more given short term leaves; Boy scouts pledged full support by Osam; Changes made in Saturday and Sunday sport events; and Recreation activities, meetings, announcements. Also includes \"Application for absentee voter's ballot.\" See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0661","extent":"7 pages; 10.5 x 8 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-659","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Social and recreational activities","id":"195"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications","id":"74"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Cody, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"10/17/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States. 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(5 pages)","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-413","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Minnesota","id":"494"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Hawai'i","id":"277"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Diego","id":"487"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Bellevue","id":"292"},{"term":"Military service -- Post-World War II service","id":"297"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- Student clubs","id":"22"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Arrival","id":"4"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Naturalization","id":"176"},{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"World War II","id":"399"},{"term":"Japan -- Pre-World War II","id":"163"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Chiong, Khe-Beng"},{"namepart":"Chiong, Thian Ki"},{"namepart":"United States. 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Cap Fiinisterre (ID 4051)"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Jin"},{"namepart":"Aoyama Gakuin"},{"namepart":"Yoshimune, Abe"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Anderson, Harrison Ray"},{"namepart":"Fourth Presbyterian Church"},{"namepart":"United States Department of War"},{"namepart":"United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)"},{"namepart":"United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)"},{"namepart":"Chen, Yi"},{"namepart":"Shackleton, Allan J."},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Hui Sim"},{"namepart":"Ho, Show Shan"},{"namepart":"Lee, Shinko"},{"namepart":"Seattle Pacific College"},{"namepart":"Lee, George"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Yi"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Kim Siok"},{"namepart":"St. Louis Country Club"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, Mark Ming Chih"},{"namepart":"Keiro Northwest"},{"namepart":"Lee, Bisim (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Arthur Andersen LLP"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Peter"},{"namepart":"Providence Health and Services"},{"namepart":"Lee, Kristi"},{"namepart":"University of Washington"},{"namepart":"Seattle Public Schools"},{"namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Poe, Sarah LiHoa"},{"namepart":"University of Minnesota, Duluth"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa)"},{"namepart":"Seattle Public Library"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, Henry"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 26, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ai Chih author Tsai, Ai Chih \nChiong, Khe-Beng \nChiong, Thian Ki \nUnited States. Navy \nColumbia University \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nJapanese Church of Christ \nDoshisha Daigaku \nWhitman College \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nChicago Theological Seminary \nCashman, Robert \nPurdue University \nUnited States Army \nChiong, Anna Fumi (Morikawa) \nChiong, Mei Lan \nHunter College \nMcCay, Chu Lan (Chiong) \nMcCay, Howard \nMcCay, Adam \nMcCay, Aaron \nS.S. Taiyo Maru (passenger ship) / S.S. Cap Fiinisterre (ID 4051) \nTsai, Ai Jin \nAoyama Gakuin \nYoshimune, Abe \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) \nAnderson, Harrison Ray \nFourth Presbyterian Church \nUnited States Department of War \nUnited States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS) \nUnited Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) \nChen, Yi \nShackleton, Allan J. \nJapanese Congregational Church \nTsai, Hui Sim \nHo, Show Shan \nLee, Shinko \nSeattle Pacific College \nLee, George \nTsai, Ai Yi \nTsai, Kim Siok \nSt. Louis Country Club \nCaldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nCaldwell, Mark Ming Chih \nKeiro Northwest \nLee, Bisim (Tsai) \nArthur Andersen LLP \nTsai, Peter \nProvidence Health and Services \nLee, Kristi \nUniversity of Washington \nSeattle Public Schools \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) \nPoe, Sarah LiHoa \nUniversity of Minnesota, Duluth \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) \nSeattle Public Library \nCaldwell, Henry","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-413-mezzanine-6cd9d30c12-a.jpg"},{"id":"122","model":"narrator","index":"22 597/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/122/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/122/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ipeter.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ipeter.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/122/interviews/"},"display_name":"Peter Irons","bio":"White male. Born 1940 in Salem, Massachusetts. Family moved frequently during his childhood due to father's employment. Strongly influenced by parents' values regarding racial tolerance and inclusion, and principles learned through Unitarian Church. While attending Antioch College in Ohio, became involved in political and social activism for civil rights. Joined the youth branch of NAACP, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and other groups. Active in sit-ins and other demonstrations addressing racial inequality, peace and related issues, eventually becoming a full-time organizer. Worked for the United Autoworkers Union. Resisted the draft, and was indicted by a federal grand jury in 1964. Convicted of failing to report for military service and sentenced to three years in prison. Graduated from Antioch College, 1966. Appealed his conviction to the United States Court of Appeals and lost. Served his sentence in federal institutions in Milan, Michigan, Terre Haute, Indiana, and Danbury, Connecticut. Following release from prison in 1969, attended graduate school at Boston University, obtaining PhD in political science in 1973. Accepted to Harvard Law School. While a law student, researched and filed a writ of error coram nobis with the federal court in which he had been convicted, and as a result had his conviction vacated. (Writ of error coram nobis establishes that the original case was premised on errors of fact withheld from the judge and the defense by the prosecution.) Graduated from Harvard Law School in 1978. Taught undergraduate and law school courses at several schools before joining faculty of the University of California at San Diego. While conducting research at the National Archives and Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. in preparation for writing a book, discovered evidence of governmental misconduct during World War II, which refuted the U.S. government's rationale of \"military necessity\" for the mass incarceration of persons of Japanese ancestry in 1942. Using this evidence, assisted the congressional Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. Contacted original defendants, initiated formation of legal teams, and was instrumental in filing petitions using the writ of error coram nobis, resulting in the reconsideration of the wartime \"internment cases\": Hirabayashi, Korematsu, and Yasui. Dr. Irons is a professor of political science and director of the Earl Warren Bill of Rights Project at the University of California, San Diego."},{"id":"ddr-one-5-71","model":"entity","index":"23 598/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-71/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-71/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-71-mezzanine-25e7eaab52-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-71-mezzanine-25e7eaab52-a.jpg"},"title":"Envelope and letter to Dr. Dr. Keizaburo \"Kei\" Koyama from Teru Koyama","description":"Envelope addressed to Dr. Keizaburo Koyama at Santa Fe Detention Station from his wife, Teru Koyama, at Minidoka. Postmarked Sep 13, 1943. In place of postage, “Internee of War/Free Mail” is written in the upper right corner. Along the top “9/20-43” is written in red pencil. Inside the envelope is a letter dated Sept 12, 1943. At the top of the letter is an \"EXAMINED\" stamp signed in red ink. In the letter Teru inquires if Kei had his hearing yet, and hopes it will happen before the California hearing board leaves. She writes about a new missionary working in the camp and about attending the English services with the children instead of attending the Japanese services. She tells Kei that she cannot help the Azuma family, and advises that they seek out the WRE legal office. She does not want to create any additional problems for the family by becoming involved in anything outside of church. She writes about a farewell party she is about at attend for those headed to Tule Lake and worries that their children will not sit with her. In the postscript she writes about the party, since it was for the Kibeis it was primarily in Japanese. She discusses her feelings towards Kibeis and the differences between Issei, Kibei, and Nisei.","extent":"1 envelope: 6.5W x 3.5H; 1 letter: 6W x 9H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-71","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- U.S. Army internment camps","id":"432"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Religion","id":"75"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Minidoka, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Santa Fe","id":"27"},{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"09/12/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author","download_large":"ddr-one-5-71-mezzanine-25e7eaab52-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-102","model":"entity","index":"24 599/{'value': 616, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-102/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-102/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-102-mezzanine-28a6d255e9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-102-mezzanine-28a6d255e9-a.jpg"},"title":"Case file for Keizaburo Koyama from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Page 5 of 6.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified report on Keizaburo Koyama's sworn statement to Inspector Clarence J. Wise. The report states Koyama's biographical history and physical measurements. It lists his entry date to the United States as December 31, 1914. He states that he is a member of the Portland Chamber of Commerce and the Japanese Methodist Church, but is not a member of any secret organization. After his statement, he was transferred to the Multnomah County Jail and then transported to Camp Missoula, Montana. Confidential Informant 201 and the reporting agent reviewed all the evidence removed from Koyama's office and found \"no apparent significance to this investigation.\" The report states that on December 9, 1941, John Pittenger of the Portland Police Department found no evidence in their files that Koyama committed any criminal offenses. However, the Motor Vehicle Division noted that on January 9, 1940, Koyama paid a $2 fine for failing to observe a stop sign and that he was arrested on October 14, 1941 for disregarding a signal.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-102","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Quinn, Vincent M."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Pittenger, John"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"January 14, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Quinn, Vincent M. author Koyama, Keizaburo \nPittenger, John","download_large":"ddr-one-5-102-mezzanine-28a6d255e9-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Japanese Church","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}